Glossary of Terms Related to the Archiving of Audiovisual ... - Unesco

Glossary of Terms Related
to the
Archiving of Audiovisual Materials
Prepared by a working group from the Round Table on Audiovisual Records
Gerald Gibson, General Compiler and Editor
Sven Aller strand, Translator Coordinator
© UNESCO
NOTE:
Pending the publication of the Glossary, this preliminary version is made prepared for
consultation. An updated version should be released by year end.
Joie Springer
Information Society Division
UNESCO
29 August 2001

a ---
a and b wind printing {E} * A motion picture film technique
for printing more than one roll of edited camera film on a
single roll of raw stock. Scenes are alternated on separate
rolls and are spaced with opaque leader: scene one on roll
a, the first roll, scene two on roll b, the second roll. This
technique produces splice free prints and can be
expanded to other special application rolls for soundtracks
and special effects; also known as chequer-boarding. {D=
?; Es= impresión bobinada A y B; F= tirage a et b}.
a/b rolls {E} * A TV production process of assembling two
reels of film or tape which are rolled synchronously,
whether through a video switcher or optical printer;
dissolves are accomplished by going from one roll to the
other. {D= ?; Es= bobinas A/B; F= bobines A/B}.
a/b Test {D} * see a-b test {E}.
a la manera de los cómics {Es} * see comic mode {E}.
A {E} * acronym for ampere, amp.
A reel {E} * A TV production technique in which the main
source of video or film is designated as the "A" reel; see
A/B roll; B reel. {D= ?; Es= bobina A; F= bobine A}.
A/V Round Table {E} * see Round Table on Audiovisual
Records; Round Table on Audiovisual Media.
à balayage lent {F} * see slow-scan {E}.
à gain élevé {F} * see high-gain screen {E}.
à l'endroit {F} * see heads out {E}.
à l'envers (pieds dehors) {F} * see tails out {D;E}.
à mise au point automatique {F} * see auto focus {E}.
à virgule flottante {F} * see floating point {E}.
A-D {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for analogue-to-digital converter
{E}; also known as AD.
a-wind picture {E} * A manner of winding film or tape onto
a hub so that the coated surface faces towards the hub. In
film media the image reads properly when viewed through
the emulsion and projects properly with the base facing the
screen. A-wind prints are the result of contact printing from
b-wind pre print. Used primarily in narrow-gauge original
materials; see also b-wind picture. {D= ?; Es= filme de
enrollado tipo a; F= film avec enroulement intérieur; type
a}.
a-wind printing {E} * see a and b wind printing.
a-wind raw stock {E} * A manner of winding a 16 mm roll of
raw stock, perforated along only one edge, so that when
the end of the film leaves the roll at the top and to the right
the perforations are towards the observer. Such film is
used for making contact prints and is not intended for use
in the camera; see also b-wind raw stock.(09.) {D= ?; Es=
filme virgen de enrollado tipo a; F= film vierge avec
enroulement intérieur}.
AAD {D;E} * acronym for analogue-analogue-digital; see
also SPARS code.
AB-test {E} * Direct quality control comparison of a signal
accomplished by switching from one to another track
and/or set/piece of equipment.(50.) {D= A/B Test; Es=
prueba [ensayo] AB; F= test AB}.
ábaco {Es} * see nomograph {E;F}.
abarquillado de la película {Es} * see buckle {E}.
2
abarquillamiento {Es} * see cockle/cockling {E}.
abarquillamiento {Es} * see edge curl {E}.
abaxial {E;Es} * Those parallel rays of light that are farthest
from the optical axis of a lens; see also paraxial; spherical
aberration. {D= ?; F= axial}.
Abblende {D} * see fade {E}.
abblenden {D} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.
abendfüllender film {D} * see feature {E}.
aberración cromática {Es} * see chromatic aberration {E}.
aberración esférica {Es} * see spherical aberration {E}.
aberration {E} * 1) An optical defect that prevents all of the
light rays processed by the lens from being brought to the
same focal plane. 2) A defect in a cathode-ray tube, in
which the focus field does not bring the electron beam to
the same point of sharp focus at all points on the screen
{D;Es;F}.
aberration chromatique {F} * see chromatic aberration {E}.
aberration en barillet {F} * see barrel distortion {E}.
aberration sphérique {F} * see spherical aberration {E}.
abertura de máscara {Es} * see aperture (2)(3) {E}.
abertura de objetivo {Es} * see aperture (1) {E}.
abertura en iris {Es} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.
abertura mecánica {Es} * see numerical aperture (NA) {E}.
Abfärben {D} * see bleed {E}.
Abgabe {D} * see transfer {E}.
Abgabepflicht {D} * see legal deposit {E}.
Abhör-kontroll-lautsprecher {D} * see monitor speaker {E}.
Abhör-lautsprecher {D} * see monitor speaker {E}.
abkappen {D} * see truncate {E}.
Ablage {D} * see file; flat-filing {E}.
Ablieferung {D} * see transfer {E}.
abraquillado de película {Es} * see buckle {E}.
abrasion marks {E} * Visible spots or fine black streaks on
the support side or the emulsion surface of still and
moving- image film that becomes evident in a negative
after developing; usually caused by friction, rubs, pressure,
or mishandling. {D= ?; Es= marcas de abrasión; F=
marques d'abrasion; éraflure; rayure}.
abrasiones {Es} * see abrasions {E;F}.
abrasions {E;F} * 1) In film, a fine surface defect on
processed film which does not penetrate to the film base;
in magnetic tape materials, a fine surface defect of the
emulsion which does not penetrate to the base. Abrasion
generally results from moving contact with another surface
and does not fully remove the recording surface.(01.) 2)
The material removed from film or tape as a result of
moving contact with another surface. {D= Schrammen;
Es= abrasiones}.
abrasiveness {E} * A relative measure of the roughness
and its effect on the wearing of equipment (i.e., magnetic

tape and its effect on the wearing of a magnetic tape
recorder head.)(04.) {D= abreibend; abrieb verursachend;
Es= abrasividad; F= abrasivité}.
abrasividad {Es} * see abrasiveness {E}.
abrasivité {F} * see abrasiveness {E}.
abreibend {D} * see abrasiveness {E}.
Abrieb {D} * see loose debris {E}.
Abrieb ablegerungen {D} * see buildup {E}.
Abrieb verursachend {D} * see abrasiveness {E}.
Abschrift {D} * see copy {E}.
abschwächen {D} * see attenuate {E}.
Abschwächung {D} * see attenuation {E}.
absolute humidity {E} * A number which describes the
actual amount of water vapour present in a unit weight
volume of dry air. It is usually expressed as fractional
kilograms/pounds of water vapour per kilogram/pound of
dry air; see also relative humidity.33. {D= absolute
Luftfeuchtigkeit; Es= humedad absoluta; F= humidité
absolue}.
absolute Luftfeuchtigkeit {D} * see absolute humidity {E}.
Abstandsdämpfung {D} * see separation loss {E}.
Absteckmarken {D} * see paper marks {E}.
Abtasten {D} * see sampling {E}.
Abtastfrequenz {D} * see aststrahl {D} * see scanning
beam {E}.
Abtasttheorem {D} * see sampling theorem (Nyquist) {E}.
Abweichung {D} * see uniformity {E}.
Abwickelspule {D} * see feed reel {E}.
Abzug {D} * see print {E}.
acabado mate {Es} * see flat finish {E}.
acabado plano {Es} * see flat finish {E}.
Academy aperture {E} * The standard motion picture frame
mask, an aspect ratio of 4:3 or 1.33:1, established by the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; see also
wide screen.(30.) {D= ?; Es= apertura de la Academia (de
artes escénicas de los EEUU); F= fenêtre standard (1,37
ou 1,33)}.
Academy leader {E} * Standard 11-second 'countdown'
leader placed at the beginning of each separate reel of
motion picture film. Descending numbers, beginning with
'11' and ending with '3', are spaced 1 foot apart with 3 feet
of black leader following the '3' and preceding the first
frame of image, established by the Academy of Motion
Picture Arts and Sciences; see also changeover cue. {D=
?; Es= guía [cabo] de entrada de la Academia (de artes
escénicas de los EEUU); F= amorce "Academy"; amorce
de départ standard; amorce normalisée}.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences {D;E;Es;F}
* The U.S. group which, beginning in 1928, has awarded
the Oscars, promoted the film industry within the United
States, and supported film libraries and awards.10.
acanaladura {Es} * see fluting {E}.
3
accelerated ageing {E} * A method of speeding up the
deterioration of materials to estimate their life expectancy
and use characteristics. The specimen is usually exposed
to controlled elevated temperature/s and humidity/ies.(07.)
{D= beschleunigte Alterung; künstliche Alterung; Es=
envejecimiento acelerado; F= vieillissement accéléré}.
accelerated motion {E} * see fast motion.
accélérateur {F} * see accelerator {E}.
accélération du mouvement {F} * see fast motion
(accelerated motion) {E}.
accélération du mouvement {F} see fast motion
(accelerated motion) {E}.
accelerator {E} * The alkali in a film developing solution
that speeds development by making the gelatin porous in
the emulsified mixture of gelatin and silver salts. {D= ?;
Es= acelerador; F= accélérateur}.
accéléré {F} * see fast forward {E}.
accentuateur d'image {F} * see image enhancer {E}.
accentuation {F} * see emphasis {E}.
accentuation d'image {F} * see image enhancement {E}.
accès {F} * see access {E}.
accès à distance {F} * see remote access (computer files)
{E}.
accès aléatoire {F} * see random access {E}.
accès direct {F} * see direct access (computer files){E}.
accès libre {F} * see unobstructed access {E}.
accès par dérogation {F} * see clearance {E}.
accesibilidad {Es} * see access {E}.
accesibilidad {Es} * see access (1) {E}.
acceso {Es} * see access {E}.
acceso aleatorio {Es} * see random access {E}.
acceso directo (archivos de un ordenador) {Es} * see direct
access (computer files) {E}.
acceso libre {Es} * see unobstructed access {E}.
access {E} * 1) A way or means of approach.51. 2) In
broadcasting, the ability or right to use cable systems,
usually to originate programming. 3) In general archival
practice the availability of records/archives for consultation
as a result both of legal authorization and the existence of
finding aids. 4) In automatic or computer data, the method
of placin; communicabilité; D= Zutrittsberechtigung; 1)
Benutzbarkeit; 2) Zugriff; Es= 1) accesibilidad; 2) acceso;
derecho de utilizar sistemas de cable; 3) disponibilidad de
archivos}.
access point {E} * A name, term, code, etc., under which
a bibliographic record may be searched and identified; see
also heading.03.12. {D= ?; Es= punto de acceso; F= point
d'accès}.
access time {E} * The time interval for the pickup of a
storage device to locate and begin reading data from any
point on the medium.(39.)deletion of an already recorded
signal.(04.) 2) The demagnetization of an already recorded
magnetic medium through accidental means, causing loss
or degradation of the recorded signal. This is usually
brought about by mistakenly recording over a magnetized
surface which had previously been recorded. It can, also,

e brought about by bringing an external magnetic field
(dynamic microphones, headphones, loudspeakers, etc.)
into too close contact with stored magnetic media.(04.) {D=
unabsichtlich Löschung; Es= borrado accidental; F=
effacement accidentel}.
acción {Es} * see shaving {E}.
acción de mezclar {Es} * see mixing, mixage {E}.
accionador de doble eje {Es} * see two-axis actuator {E}.
accompanying material {E} * Materials other than the
principal form of the item which are available with the item
in hand and/or are intended to be used with it (e.g. the liner
notes of a sound recording).(12.) {D= Begleitmaterial; Es=
materiales concomitantes [de acompañamiento]; F=
matériel d'accompagnement}.
accrochage {F} * see echo {E}.
accrochage {F} * see echo {E}.
acelerado {Es} * see accelerator; time-lapse photography
{E}.
acentuación de graves {Es} * see bass boost {E}.
acentuación de las bajas frecuencias {Es} * see bass
boost {E}.
aceso a distancia (archivos de ordenador) {Es} * see
remote access (computer files) {E}.
acetate {E} * 1) A salt formed by the combination of acetic
acid with an alkaline, earthy, or metallic base. 2) A
commonly used synonym in the U.S. for a lacquer disc;
see also cellulose acetate.51. {D= Azetat; Es= acetato; F=
acétate}.
acetate base {E} * A generic name for the group of
materials which are the more common supports of
magnetic and film media to which various recording
surfaces are attached. Most commonly used of this group
were/are cellulose diacetate and cellulose triacetate.
Cellulose triacetate, generally used for magnetic tape
recordings prior to the wide acceptance of polyester, tends
to break rather than stretch when subjected to excessive
stress. Since breaks can be mended easily and cleanly,
acetate backing offers some insurance against
mishandling, such as stretching. Mylar, a polyester,
however, has superior qualities as a backing, and acetate
is no longer used. In still photography and motion picture
films, a base composed principally of cellulose diacetate
or cellulose triacetate have been widely used for safety
film.(07.) {D= Azetatträger; Azetatträgerbasis; Es= soporte
de acetato; F= support acétate}.
acetate disc {E} * see lacquer disc {E}.
acetate film {E} * A generic term used for safety film.07.
{D= Azetatfilm; Sicherheitsfilm; Es= película de acetato; F=
film acétate; film d'acétate; pellicule acétate; film non
flam}.
acétate {F} * see acetate {E}.
acétate de cellulose {F} * see cellulose acetate {E}.
acétate de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl acetate (PVA) {E}.
acetato {Es} * see acetate {E}.
acetato de celulosa {Es} * see cellulose; cellulose acetate
{E}.
acetic acid {E} * 1) A chemical substance used by film
laboratories during the film developing and fixing process;
also used for bleaching, acetic acid is colourless and
4
smells like vinegar. Mixing readily with water, the corrosive
liquid in its pure form becomes a solid at temperatures
below 62°F. {D= Essigsäure; Es= ácido acético; F= acide
acétique}.
acetona {Es} * see acetone {E}.
acetone {E} * A highly flammable colourless solvent used
as a thinner in film processing solutions that contain
substances which do not dissolve readily when mixed with
water. It is also used for thinning the film cement that is
used in splicing motion picture film. {D= Azeton; Es=
acetona; F= acétone}.
acétone {F} * see acetone {E}.
achromatic lens {E} * A lens made by combining elements
made of crown glass and flint glass in order to reduce
chromatic aberration.10. {D= achromatisch (lens); Es=
acromático (lens); objetivo acromático; F= achromatique
/(lens); objectif achromatique; lentille achromatique}.
achromatisch (lens) {D} * see achromatic lens {E}.
acid migration {E} * The transfer of acid from an acid
material to one of less acidity when the two are stored in
contact with one another.24. {D= Säurewanderung; Es=
acidez por contagio; acidez por contagio; F= acidification
par contact; migration d'acide}.
acide acétique {F} * see acetic acid {E}.
acide borique {F} * see boracic acid {E}.
acide citrique {F} * see citric acid {E}.
acide méthacrylique {F} * see methacrylic acid {E}.
acide pyrogallique {F} * see pyrogallic acid 1:2:3 {E}.
acidez {Es} * see acidity {E}.
acidez por contagio {Es} * see acid migration {E}.
acidificatioe acidity {E}.
acidity {E} * A condition in which the concentration of
hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution exceeds that of
hydroxyl ions as determined by the pH value.24. {D=
Säure; Säuregehalt; Es= acidez; F= acidité}.
ácido acético {Es} * see acetic acid {E}.
ácido bórico {Es} * see boracic acid {E}.
ácido cítrico {Es} * see citric acid {E}.
ácido metacrílico {Es} * see methacrylic acid {E}.
ácido pirogálico {Es} * see pyrogallic acid 1:2:3 {E}.
acondicionamiento (de señales) {Es} * see proc amp {E}.
acondicionamiento {Es} * see arrangement (2);
conditioning {E}.
acoplado al sistema {Es} * see on-line {E}.
acoplador {Es} * see coupler {E}.
acoustic feedback {E} * see feedback.
acoustic recording {E} * see acoustical recording.
acoustical recording {E} * 1) The earliest commercially
practical method of recording by causing sound waves fed
to a recorder via a recording horn, to actuate a stylus
attached to a diaphragm; used until replaced by electrical
recording in the 1920s. The stylus bears on the recording

medium and mechanically engraves or embosses a
soundtrack mimicking the sound waves; also called
mechanical recording. 2) The artifact, usually a disc or
cylinder, produced through this method.(04.) {D=
akustische Aufnahme; Es= grabación acústica; F=
enregistrement acoustique}.
ACR {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Automatic Cassette
Recorder.
acrílico {Es} * see acrylic {E}.
Acromático [lens] {Es} * see achromatic lens {E}.
acrylic {E} * 1) Relating to acrylic acid or its derivatives. 2)
A paint in which the carrier is an acrylic resin. 3) A painting
done with acrylic paints. {D= ?; Es= acrílico; F= acrylique}.
acrylic resin {E} * A thermoplastic made by polymerizing
acrylic or methacrylic acid, or a derivative of same, and
used for moulding, as adhesives, or as coatings and
carriers for acrylic paints. {D= ?; Es= resina acrílica; F=
résine acrylique}.
acrylique {F} * see acrylic {E}.
acteur (face à la caméra) {F} * see talent {E}.
acteur {F} * see player {E}.
activar {Es} * see sensitize {E}.
activité {F} * see access {E}.
actuación original {Es} * see original performance {E}.
actual sound {E} * In moving-image productions, sound
whose source is an object or person in the scene; see also
commentative sound.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido natural; F=
son naturel}.
actualités {F} * see newsreel {E}.
actualités filmées {F} * see newsreel {E}.
actuateur deux axes (photo) {F} * see two-axis actuator
{E}.
acumulación de óxido {Es} * see oxide build-up {E}.
acumulación de partículas magnéticas {Es} * see buildup
(2) {E}.
AD {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for analogue-to-digital converter
{E}; also known as A-D {D;E;Es;F}.
adaptación {Es} * see treatment {E}.
adaptación cinematográfica de una novela o guión {Es} *
see screenplay {E}.
adaptar {Es} * see conform {E}.
adaptation{F} * see treatment {E}.
adaptive delta modulation (ADM) {D;E} * A variation of
delta modulation in which the step size may vary from
sample to sample.39. {D= adaptive delta Modulation; Es=
modulación delta adaptable; F= modulation par codage
delta adaptative}.
adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM) {D;E} * A
hybrid encoding technique that correlates successive data
samples to adapt to changes in the signal.39. {Es=
modulación de impulsos codificados delta adaptables; F=
modulation par impulsion et codage différentiel adptative}.
ADC {E} * acronym for analogue-to-digital converter {E}.
5
ADD {E} * acronym for analogue-digital-digital; see SPARS
code {E}.
added entry {E} * An access point in addition to the main
entry by which an item is represented in a catalogue.(12.)
{D= ?; Es= punto de acceso adicional; F= point d'accès
secondaire}.
additif {F} * see additive {E}.
additif au sénario sur pages bleues {F} * see blues {E}.
additive {E} * Any material added to the coating of
magnetic tapes, still or motion picture film, or discs other
than the oxide and the binder resins; such additives are
intended to foster specific desired effects, such as
lessening friction or plasticizing the binder, retarding fungal
growth, or making the coating conductive; see also
plasticizer.(04.) {D= Zusatz; Bearbeitung; Es= aditivo; F=
additif}.
additive colour {E} * In film production, colour mixture by
the addition of light of the three primaries, red, green, and
blue.09. {D= Farbadition; Bearbeitung (colour); Es= aditivo
(colour); color aditivo; F= couleurs primaires additives;
synthèse additive (couleur); primaires additives; additif}.
additive colour primaries {E} * The luminance of the
additive primary colours Red, Green, & Blue and their
electrical analogue values are the basic parameters of
colour television. A consequence of the trichromatic theory
of colour is that the hue and saturation of most colours can
be duplicated by combining three primary colours in the
proper ratio. {D= ?; Es= colores primarios aditivos; F=
couleurs primaires additives}.
additive colour process {E} * see additive printing.
additive printing {E} * A method of printing in colour motion
-picture film processing in which three separate light
sources are combined to form the light source which
exposes the film. Modern additive printers separate white
light from a tungsten-halogen bulb into its red, green, and
blue components by using a set of dichroic mirrors (i.e.,
mirrors which can be made to give sharp cutoffs at
specified wavelengths and high efficiency in regions of the
spectrum they are intended to reflect) and filters to give the
required spectral bands. The red, green, and blue beams
are recombined and focused at the printing aperture; also
called additive colour printing and additive process; see
also subtractive printing.(09.) {D= additives Farbverfahren;
Es= procedimento de colores por síntesis aditiva; F= tirage
additif; développement des couleurs par synthèse additive;
procédé de couleurs par synthèse additive}.
additive process {E} * see additive printing.
additives Farbverfahren {D} * see additive printing {E}.
address {E;F} * 1) A location indicator, such as a label,
number, or name, that designates a particular location of
an item or a piece of information. 2) In computer data,
coded representation of the origin or destination of
data.(46.39.) 3) With Time Code, each video frame is
identified with a unique number called its address. {D=
Lagersignatur; Es= dirección; F= location; adresse}.
adhérence (bande magnétique) {F} * see sticktion {E}.
adhérence {F} * see anchorage {E}.
adhérence couche à couche {F} * see layer-to-layer
adhesion {E}.
adhérence de spires {F} * see laminate adhesion {E}.
adherencia (cinta magnética) {Es} * see sticktion {E}.
adherencia entre vueltas (consecutivas) {Es} * see layer-

to-layer adhesion {E}.
adhésif {F} * see adhesive {E}.
adhésifs acétate de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl acetate
adhesives {E}.
adhesive {E} * A general term for several different
substances capable of bonding materials to each other by
chemical or mechanical action, or both, and which may be
activated by water, nonaqueous solvents, pressure, heat,
cold, or other means. The various groups of this family
may be classified by temperature (hot, cold, intermediate,
room temperature setting, etc.), by type of solvent (water,
alcohol, etc.), type of application (brush, roller, spray, etc.),
or by origin (animal, vegetable, or synthetic). They may be
further classified as synthetic (resin) or natural; see also
animal glue; cold-setting adhesive; glue; hot-melt
adhesive; methyl cellulose; polyvinyl acetate adhesive;
starch paste.(45.) {D= Klebstoff; Es= adhesivo; F=
adhésif}.
adhesive splice {E} * see butt splice.
adhesive tape {E} * see pressure sensitive tape.
adhesivo {Es} * see adhesive; binder {E}.
adhesivo de endurecimiento en frío {Es} * see cold-setting
adhesive {E}.
adhesivos de acetato polivinílico {Es} * see polyvinyl
acetate adhesives {E}.
adhesivos de fusión en caliente {Es} * see hot-melt
adhesives {E}.
adición de música y efectos de sonido a una grabación
{Es} * see sweetening {E}.
aditivo (colour) {Es} * see additive colour {E}.
aditivo {Es} * see additive {E}.
ADMTH {E} * acronym for adaptive delta modulation.
adovelamiento {Es} * see keystoning {E}.
ADPCM {E} * acronym for adaptive delta pulse code
modulation.
adresse {F} * see address {E;F}.
AEG Kern {D} * see DIN hub {E}.
aerial photograph {E} * 1) Photography made from a
predetermined altitude and in accordance with a plan and
scale.22. 2) A still or moving-image shot taken from
overhead, such as from a helicopter, plane, or crane; see
also crane shot. {D= Luftaufnahme; Es= fotografía aérea;
F= photographie aérienne}.
AES {E} * acronym for Audio Engineering Society.
AES/EBU digital interface {E} * An electronic bridge
between data recorded as specified by standards from the
Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcasters
Union. {D= AES/EBU digitale Schnittstelle; AES/EBU
Schnittstelle; Es= interfaz digital AES/EBU; F= interface
numérique AES/UER}.
AES/EBU digitale schnittstelle {D} * see AES/EBU digital
interface {E}.
AES/EBU schnittstelle {D} * see AES/EBU digital interface
{E}.
AFC {E;Es;F} * acronym for automatic frequency control.
6
{D= ?; Es= ?}.
afeitado {Es} * see shaving {E}.
affaiblissement {F} * see attenuation; droop {E}.
affaiblissement des hautes fréquences {F} * see high
frequency roll-off {E}.
affichage à cristaux liquides (LCD) {F} * see liquid crystal
display (LCD) {E}.
affiche {F} * see poster {E}.
afterimage {E} * see also tail {E}.
AGC {E;Es;F} * acronym for automatic gain control. {D= ?;
Es= ?}.
ageing {E} * The natural degradation of materials. Ageing
is influenced by the environment in which materials are
stored and, also, by the quality of the respective materials
and/or of their raw components.(24.) {D= Alterung;
näturliche Alterung; Es= envejecimiento; F=
vieillissement}.
agence de catalogue {F} * see cataloguing agency {E}.
agencia de catalogación {Es} * see cataloguing agency
{E}.
agent antifongique {F} * see antifungus agent {E}.
agent antipoudrette {F} * see antibloom agent {E}.
agent réducteur {F} * see reducer {E}.
agente antipolvo {Es} * see antibloom agent {E}.
agente reductor {Es} * see reducer {E}.
agente tensoactivo {Es} * see surfactant {E}.
agitación {Es} * see agitation {E;F}.
agitation {E;F} * The action which keeps the developer,
stop bath, or fixer in motion while processing film, thus
helping to speed and achieve even solution action and
prevent mottle, spotting, or staining on the finished
product.(01.) {D= ?; Es= agitación}.
aglomerante {Es} * see binder {E}.
agrandissement {F} * see blow-up; enlargement; enlarging
paper; magnification {E}.
agrandissement d'image {F} * see image expansion {E}.
aguatinta {Es} * see aquatint {E}.
aguja de lectura ( discos fonográficos) {Es} * see stylus
{E}.
agujero {Es} * see hole {E}.
agujero negro {Es} * see black hole {E}.
agujeros de arrastre {Es} * see drive holes {E}.
AIE {F} * see EIA {E}.
AIIM {E} * acronym for Association for Information and
Image Management {E}.
aimant mobile {F} * see moving-image materials; moving
magnet {E}.
air bells {E} * Undeveloped spots on photographic

materials (negatives or positives) caused by air bubbles
formed because of poor agitation during the working cycle
in film processing. The bubbles prevent good contact
between the developer and the photographic material.01.
{D= ?; Es= burbujas de aire; F= bulles}.
air check {E} * A sound recording made from a radio
broadcast by means of a radio receiver.04. {D= ?; Es=
prueba de emisión (por radio); F= enregistrement témoin;
test aérien}.
air drying {E} * The drying of moist materials in a current of
air at room or elevated temperatures, as distinguished
from drying by contact with heat. Air drying reduces
stresses on some materials, such as paper, otherwise
imposed while drying.(24.) {D= Lufttrocknung; Es= oreo;
F= séchage par jet d'air; séchage par ventilation}.
air-layer effect {E} * In video production, a problem that is
encountered at extremely fast shuttle speeds in which the
video tape is moving so fast that a thin layer of air lifts the
tape off the heads, causing the Time Code Reader to
receive false information. {D= ?; Es= efecto de la capa de
aire; F= effet de coussin d'air}.
aire couverte {F} * see footprint {E}.
aisle {E} * A subsidiary passage between rows of shelving
leading to a gangway and affording access to the
shelves.22. {D= Gang; Nebengang; Es= pasillo lateral; F=
allée; allée de desserte}.
ajuste cenital (zenith) {Es} * see zenith adjustment {E}.
ajuste de fase {Es} * see phasing {E}.
ajuste de volumen {Es} * see volume set {E}.
ajuste del control de entrada {Es} * see ride {E}.
ajuste exacto {Es} * see tracking (1) {D;E}.
ajustement de la distance focale {F} * see focus pull {E}.
ajustement zénith {F} * see zenith adjustment {E}.
Akklimatisierung {D} * see conditioning {E}.
Aktenband {D} * see file; folder {E}.
Aktendeckel {D} * see folder {E}.
Aktengruppe {D} * see file {E}.
Aktenheft {D} * see file; folder {E}.
Aktenserie {D} * see file {E}.
Aktenvernichtung {D} * see destruction {E}.
akustische aufnahme {D} * see acoustical recording {E}.
Akzentuierung {D} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)
{D;E}.
al amoníaco {Es} * see ammonia process {E}.
ala {Es} * see flange {E}.
alabeo {Es} * see warp {E}.
alabeo en forma de silla de montar (discos fonográficos)
{Es} * see saddle warp {E}.
alargamiento {Es} * see stretch (2) {E}.
alargamiento permanente {Es} * see permanent elongation
{E}.
7
album {E;Es;F} * 1) for sound recordings, a container for
records, or a container with one or more records. Prior to
long-playing (Lp) microgroove records in 1948, recordings
containing multiple discs sets were frequently sold in booklike
containers albums with sleeves or envelopes for each
individual record. Empty albums of varying numbers of
sleeves and of differing sizes were also sold to afford
better appearance and protection for individual records,
which were generally sold in comparatively flimsy paper
sleeves. Some early long-playing, multiple record sets
were issued in albums, but most such sets have been
issued in various types of inner sleeves inserted in boxes
or slipcases. Starting around 1950 the word 'album' has
increasingly come to be used for multiple-disc sets.(04.) 2)
For still-images, a container for mounting photographs to
afford protection and better organization. {D=
Plattenumschlag; Album}.
album {F} * see set {E}.
album/boîte original {F} * see original album/box (or other
container) {E}.
album number {E} * The manufacturer's/producer's issue-,
catalogue-, order-number for most multiple disc sets.
Though most generally associated with 78-RPM era
multiple disc sets, the term is also used for post-78-RPM
single and multiple disc packages. For multiple-disc sets,
the album number is used instead of the individual record
issue numbers for ordering purposes in most but by no
means all cases. Also, during the 78-RPM era, particularly
in Europe, even major manufacturers did not always
assign album/set numbers to multiple records or use them
in albums; see also issue number.(04.) {D=
Albumnummer; Es= número del catálogo del album ; F=
numéro de catalogue de l'album}.
Album {D} * see album {E}.
álbum original {Es} * see original album/box (or other
container) {E}.
albumen emulsion {E} * A still-image carrier consisting of
a coated, light-sensitive layer in which the medium is a
complex protein (egg white). Examples include printout
paper, lantern slides, and glass plate negatives.(42.) {D=
?; Es= emulsión de albúmina; F= émulsion d'albumen}.
Albumnummer {D} * see album number {E}.
álcali {Es} * see alkali {E}.
álcali {Es} * see alkali {E}.
alcalin {F} * see alkaline; buffering {E}.
alcalino (-a) {Es} * see alkaline {E}.
alcance {Es} * see extent {E}.
alcance visual {Es} * see visual range {E}.
alcohol spot-test {E} * A test using a swab to apply a drop
of ethyl alcohol to a photographic emulsion. The outcome
of the test is one means of determining the type of
emulsion; see also water spot-test.42. {D= ?; Es= prueba
sobre una superficie con alcohol; F= test de contact à
l'alcool}.
aleatory filming {E} * Moving-image production technique
which utilizes chance conditions and probability. images
are not planned in advance; the cameraman must
compose on the spot.(30.) {D= ?; Es= filmación aleatoria;
F= tournage aléatoire; prise de vues aléatoires}.
aleteo {Es} * see flagging, flag-waving {E}.
alfa {Es} * see alpha {E}.

alfa-celulosa {Es} * see alpha-cellulose {E}.
alfiler (de contacto) {Es} * see pin {E}.
algorithm {E} * A sequence of steps needed to perform a
given task.(39.) {D= Algorithmus; Es= altoritmo; F=
algorithme}.
algorithmes de compression/décompression {F} * see
compression/decompression algorithms {E}.
Algorithmus {D} * see algorithm {E}.
algoritmo {Es} * see algorithm {E}.
algoritmos de compresión-descompresión {Es} * see
compression/decompression algorithms {E}.
alias {E;Es;F} * Something other than what it appears to
be. Stairsteps on what should be a smooth diagonal line
are an example of a spatial alias; wagon wheels appearing
to move backwards are an example of a temporal alias.
Aliases are caused by inadequate sampling rates and can
be reduced or eliminated by either increasing the sampling
rate or by prefiltering, with the latter possibly producing
what, in visual documents, appears as a blur.(07.) {D= ?;
F= autrement dit; fréquence de repliement}.
aliasing {D;E} * 1) In digital audio recording, unwanted
frequencies created when sampling a signal of a frequency
higher than half the sampling rate; see also Nyquist
frequency.(39.) 2) The formation of spurious signals as the
result of a beat between the sampling rate and signal
frequency components; also referred to as 'moire'. {D= ?;
Es= 1) creación de frecuencias no deseadas; 2)
solapamiento; F= repliement; crénelage}.
alignement (faisceaux d'électrons) {F} * see registration
{E}.
alignement (images animées) {F} * see registration {E}.
alignement {F} * see alignment; tracking {D;E}.
alignement des têtes {F} * see head alignment {E}.
aligner {F} * see register {E}.
alignment {E} * For tape recorders, the correct adjustment
of the tape head position with respect to the magnetic
tape's path, and also adjustment of the recorder's
electronics for the best frequency response.04. {D=
Einmessung; Es= alineación; F= alignement; réglage}.
alignment tape {E} * A special tape recording used in
aligning and calibrating tape recorders. The alignment tape
contains test tones at specified frequencies; also known as
test or calibration tape.(04.) {D= Testband; Meßband;
Bezugsband; Es= cinta de alineación; F= bande
d'alignement; bande de réglage}.
alimentation électrique {F} * see power supply {E}.
alimentation en courant {F} * see power supply {E}.
alineación {Es} * see alignment {E}.
alineación de la cabeza {Es} * see head alignment {E}.
alineamiento azimutal {Es} * see azimuth adjustment {E}.
alkali {D;E;F} * Any base substance with a pH above 7.0
and capable of neutralizing Acids.44. Alkalies are used in
adhesives, and in deacidifying and buffering paper
products. The most common buffers are magnesium
carbonate and calcium carbonate; see also alkalarch {Es=
álcali}.
alkaline {E} * A designation of the acid content of a
8
substance using the pH scale of 0 to 17. The neutral point
is 7.0. Paper with a pH above 7.0 is alkaline. Most paper
products used in alkaline-buffered paper conservation
contain an alkaline buffer to guard against future acid
formation by absorption of air pollutants.32. {D= alkalisch;
Es= alcalino (-a); F= alcalin}.
alkalisch {D} * see alkaline {E}.
Alkalische {D} * see alkaline reserve {E}.
allée {F} * see aisle {E}.
allée de desserte {F} * see aisle {E}.
allongement étirement{F} * see stretch {E}.
allongement résiduel {F} * see permanent elongation {E}.
almacén {Es} * see magazine {E;Es;F}; storage; vault {E}.
almacenador de imagen {Es} * see image storage {E}.
almacenamiento {Es} * see storage {E}.
almacenamiento óptico borrable {Es} * see erasable
optical storage {E}.
almohadilla de montaje {Es} * see edit block {E}.
almohadilla para prensar {Es} * see pressure pad {E}.
almohadilla prensadora {Es} * see pressure pad {E}.
alpha (enroulement alpha) {F} * see alpha {E}.
alpha {E} * A descriptive term for a videotape format in
which the magnetic tape wraps around the spinning head
drum in a way that approximates the Greek letter alpha.
The other methods of tape wrap are Omega, field per
scan, or segmented scan. {D= ?; Es= alfa; F= alpha
(enroulement alpha)}.
alpha-cellulose {E} * A form of cellulose derived from
cotton. Alpha-cellulose consists principally of cellulose.
Since the permanence of cellulose materials depends
somewhat on the absence of non-cellulosic impurities, the
presence of alpha-cellulose in paper or board is an
indication of its stability and permanence.45. {D= ?; Es=
alfa-celulosa; F= cellulose alpha}.
alta frecuencia {Es} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.
alta resolución {Es} * see high resolution {E}.
altavoz {Es} * see loudspeaker; loudspeaker; speaker (1)
{E}.
altavoz de agudos {Es} * see tweeter {E}.
altavoz en forma de trompa (gramófonos) {Es} * see
reproducing horn {E}.
altavoz monitor {Es} * see monitor speaker {E}.
altavoz para graves {Es} * see woofer {E}.
altavoz reflector de bajos {Es} * see bass reflex speaker
enclosure {E}.
alternative title {E} * The second part of a title proper that
consists of two parts, each of which is a title. The parts are
joined by the word 'or' or its equivalent; see also variant
title.(12.) {D= ?; Es= título alternativo; F= titre altérnatif}.
alterung {D} * see ageing {E}.
alto {Es} * see stop {D;E}.

alto contraste {Es} * see high contrast {E}.
altoritmo {Es} * see algorithm {E}.
altura (de un sonido) {Es} * see pitch (3) {E}.
alum {E} * see ammonium alum; chrome alum; potash
alum.
alum d'ammonium {F} * see ammonium alum {E}.
alumbrado del estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.
alumbre amónico {Es} * see ammonium alum {E}.
alumbre de cromo {Es} * see chrome alum {E}.
aluminio potásico {Es} * see potash alum {E}.
aluminium disc {E} * An uncoated instantaneous audio
recording in which the grooves containing the signal are
cut directly into the metal base. Recording is accomplished
by indentation recording, not engraving, of the analogue
signal into the precut grooves; playback is usually
accomplished with shaved wood, fibre or cactus needles.
Aluminium discs were frequently used in recording before
the development of acetate discs and magnetic tape; see
also indentation recording.(04.) {D= Aluminumplatte; Es=
disco de aluminio; F= disque aluminium}.
aluminium screen {E} * A highly reflective motion picture
screen originally designed for een reappeared with the
advent of 3d projections. This type of screen, usually
coated with aluminium flakes, gives sharp definition and
good colour separation as it effectively reflects polarized
light from each projector in a definite direction. They
cannot be used successfully in wide theatres where much
of the audience may be seated at a position that is more
than 30 degrees from the projection axis. {D= ?; Es=
pantalla de aluminio; F= écran aluminium}.
Aluminumplatte {D} * see aluminium disc {E}.
AM {E} * acronym for amplitude modulation.
Amberol Cylinder {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for a
standard size, moulded black wax cylinder sound
recording with 200 TPI with a maximum playing time of 4
minutes 45 sec Company from October 1908 into 1913.
They overlap with their replacement, the Blue Amberol
cylinder, from 1912 into 1913. The title end of the cylinder
was flat, with identification in white lettering --or yellow or
blue for celebrity artists-- stamped into it. When introduced
this cylinder was generally acknowledged to have the
longest playing time of any sound recording on the market;
to play the Amberol cylinder required either special
equipment, including a sapphire reproducer, or special
modification, called a combination attachment, for the
regular equipment of the day. Amberol cylinders were
originally packed in individual felt-lined green boxes, or
blue or maroon boxes for the celebrity series.(14.)
ambiance {F} * see ambience {E}.
ambience {E} * 1) In audio, the acoustical characteristics
of an environment; room that lack ambience are said to be
dead.(04.39.) 2) In images, the characteristics of the light;
see ambient light.(35.) {D= ?; Es= ambiente; F=
ambiance}.
ambient light {E} * 1) The surrounding light or the light
normally present in a room. 2) In photography, the general
level of illumination surrounding an object or available in a
location.01. {D= ?; Es= iluminación ambiental; F= lumière
ambiant; lumière d'ambiance}.
ambient noise {E} * The average amount of noise in an
environment, measured in deciBels.04. {D=
9
Umgebungslärm; Es= ruido ambiente; F= bruit ambiant}.
ambient temperature {E} * The temperature of the medium
(air, water, etc.) that surrounds and contacts an object. {D=
?; Es= temperatura ambiental; F= température ambiante}.
ambiente {Es} * see ambience {E}.
ambiente operativo {Es} * see operating environment {E}.
amélioration {F} * see sweetening {E}.
American Film Institute (AFI) {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S. society
concerned with moving-images.
American Library Association (ALA) {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S.
professional society concerned with libraries.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) {D;E;Es;F} * A standard data transmission code
consisting of seven information bits and one parity bit.
(ASCII is pronounced as-kee).39.
Amertape {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for sound
recordings made by embossing fine grooves onto 50 foot
belts of clear 35 mm acetate film; used by the U.S. military
from 1945 to 1950 for field recordings.(04.)
amidol {E;Es;F} * A colourless crystalline powder used
chiefly as a photographic developer. Soluble in water, the
powder should be stored in airtight containers as it turns
brown when exposed to air. The solution is unstable and
should be mixed just before it is used. {D= ?}.
ammonia process {E} * A dry process for the development
of diazo photographic materials by immersion of the
exposed photographic material in a concentrated
atmosphere of ammonia.(13.) {D= ?; Es= proceso amónico
[al amoníaco]; F= procès ammoniaque; traitement à
l'ammoniaque}.
ammonium alum {E} * A white crystalline salt used by film
laboratories in fixing baths for the purpose of hardening
and clearing the film emulsion. It dissolves rapidly in water
and can be used in place of potash alum in fixing baths.
{D= ?; Es= alumbre amónico ; F= alum ammoniaque; alum
d'ammonium}.
ammonium bromide {E} * A white crystalline powder that is
used as a warm tone developer retainer in film
laboratories; readily soluble in water, this hygroscopic
chemical can also be used as a restrainer for paper
emulsions. {D= Ammoniumbromid; Es= bromuro amónico;
F= bromure ammoniaque; bromure d'ammonium}.
ammonium chloride {E} * A chemical used with or as a
replacement for hypo in rapid fixing baths for film
development. The white crystalline powder dissolves
quickly in water and can also be used as a bleaching
agent. {D= Ammoniumchlorid; Salmiak; Es= cloruro
amónico; F= chlorure ammoniaque; chlorure ammonium}.
Ammoniumbromid {D} * see ammonium bromide {E}.
Ammoniumchlorid {D} * see ammonium chloride {E}.
amorçage/sortie {F} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.
amorce {F} * see leader; squib {E}.
amorce Academy {F} * see Academy leader {E}.
amorce de compensation {F} * see buildup {E}.
amorce de début/amorce de fin {F} * see lead-in/lead-out
{E}.
amorce de départ standard {F} * see Academy leader {E}.

amorce de fin {F} * see tail {E}.
amorce de fin de bobine {F} * see trailer {D;E}.
amorce de synchronisation {F} * see sync leader {E}.
amorce normalisée {F} * see Academy leader {E}.
amortiguación de ruido {Es} * see noise reduction {E}.
amp {E} * abbreviation for ampere; amplification; amplifier;
amplitude {E}.
ampere (A) {E;Es} * A unit of electrical current equal to the
flow of one volt across a resistance of one ohm; named
after Andre M. Ampere.(10.) {D= Ampere; F= ampère}.
Ampere {D} * see ampere (A) {E;Es}.
ampère {F} * see ampere (A) {E;Es}.
ampificador de vídeo frecuencia {Es} * see processing
amplifier {E}.
ampliación {Es} * see enlargement; magnification {E}.
ampliación de imagen {Es} * see blow-up {E}.
amplificación {Es} * see amplify; magnification {E}.
amplificador {Es} * see amplifier {E}.
amplificador de potencia {Es} * see power amplifier {E}.
amplificador de procesamiento (de señales) {Es} * see
proc amp {E}.
amplificador de refuerzo {Es} * see booster {E}.
amplificador operacional {Es} * see operational amplifier
{E}.
amplificador sonoro {Es} * see sound magnifier {E}.
amplificar {Es} * see amplify {E}.
amplificateur {F} * see amplifier; booster; extender {E}.
amplificateur de puissance {F} * see power amplifier {E}.
amplificateur de traitement {F} * see proc amp; processing
amplifier {E}.
amplificateur opérationnel {F} * see operational amplifier
{E}.
amplificateur sonore {F} * see sound magnifier {E}.
amplification {F} * see amplify {E}.
amplifier {E} * An electronic device, consisting of
components used generally, but not always, to increase
the power, voltage or current of a signal.(04.07.) {D=
Verstärker; Es= amplificador; F= amplificateur}.
amplify {E} * In audio, to increase levels, or to strengthen
a given electrical signal by increasing its amplitude, or
raising its level; the opposite of attenuate.(16.50.) {D=
verstärken; Es= amplificación; amplificar; F= amplification}.
amplitud {Es} * see amplitude {E;F}.
amplitud irregular {Es} * see amplitude non-uniformity {E}.
amplitude {E;F} * Another term for level or volume of an
electrical or acoustical signal; the intensity of an audio or
other signal; a measurement of the height of a
waveform.(04.) {D= Amplitude; Es= amplitud}.
amplitude distortion {E} * see harmonic distortion {E}.
10
amplitude modulation (am) {E} * A form of modulation
where the amplitude of a carrier frequency is modulated by
the signal.(07.) {D= Amplitudenmodulation ?; Es=
modulación por amplitud; F= modulation d'amplitude}.
amplitude non-uniformity {E} * A term used in connection
with magnetic tape testing that refers to the reproduced
peak-to-peak voltage and its variation from recorded
values.46. {D= Amplitudeninstabilität; Es= amplitud
irregular; F= irrégularité d'amplitude}.
Amplitude {D} * see amplitude {E;F}.
amplitude-frequency response {E} * see frequency
response {E}.
Amplitudeninstabilität {D} * see amplitude non-uniformity
{E}.
Amplitudenmodulation {D} * see amplitude modulation
(AM) {E}.
AMVSB {E} * acronym for amplitude modulation with
vestigial sideband {E}.
anaglyphic process {E} * A method producing 3dimensional
motion pictures by having an audience view
two superimposed projected pictures by wearing glasses
with two different coloured lenses (usually red and green).
{D= ?; Es= proceso anaglífico; F= anaglyphe; process
anaglyphe; système anaglyphe}.
análisis volumétrico {Es} * see titration {E}.
analog {E/US} * see analogue {E;F}.
Analog {D} * see analogue {E;F}.
Analog-digital wandler {D} * see analogue to digital
converter (AD)(ADC) {E}.
Analogaufnahme {D} * see analogue recording {E}.
analoges aufzeichnungsverfahren {D} * see analogue
recording {E}.
Analógico a Digital {Es} * see DA {E}.
análogo {Es} * see analogue {E;F}.
analogue {E;F} * 1) A signal that is an analogy of a
physical process and is continuously variable, rather than
discrete; see also digitization.07. 2) The representation of
a smoothly changing physical variable (temperature, for
example) by another physical variable (such as the height
of a column of mercury).07. {D= analog; Es= análogo}.
analogue compression {E} * Distortion which occurs when
portions of a video signal exceed the parameters of an
amplifier, i.e., white level compression (clipping) results
when the peak white level exceeds a predetermined limit.
Correspondingly, black level compression (crushing)
results when the negative portions of the video signal
attempt to exceed the reference black level. {D= ?; Es=
compresión analógica; F= compression analogique}.
analogue recording {E} * 1) In the broadest sense, a
method of recording in which some characteristic of the
record current, such as amplitude or frequency, is
continuously varied in a manner analogous to the
variations of the original signal.46. 2) A logging of an event
by one of various methods of capturing and storing a
continuous replica of the source sound pattern by tracing
an analogous pattern into another medium. The most
commonly used storage methods have been engraved or
embossed modulated grooves in a disc, magnetic particle
patterns in tape, and optical patterns in film.(04.) {D=
Analogaufnahme; analoges Aufzeichnungsverfahren; Es=
grabación analógica; F= enregistrement analogique;

disque analogue}.
analogue to digital converter (ad)(adc) {E} * An electronic
device used at the input of digital equipment to convert
analogue signals to digital values or 'words' represented as
a binary number, with such numbers representing the ae
interval sampling, contained in the original analogue
signal.(04.39.) {D= Analog-digital Wandler; Es=
convertidor de datos analógicos en datos numéricos; F=
convertisseur analogique numérique}.
analyseur {F} * see pickup tube; scanner {E}.
analyseur à balayage {F} * see flying spot scanner {E}.
analyseur à spot mobile {F} * see flying spot scanner {E}.
analyseur d'images Farnsworth {F} * see Farnsworth
image dissector {E}.
analytical entry {E} * An entry in a bibliographic citation or
listing for which a comprehensive entry is also made.(03.)
{D= ?; Es= anotación analítica; F= entrée analytique}.
analytical note {E} * The statement in an analytical entry
relating the part being analyzed to the item of which is a
part.03. {D= ?; Es= apunte [nota] analítico (-a); F= note
analytique}.
anamorfoscopio {Es} * see Anamorphoscope {F}.
anamorphic lens {E} * A motion picture film camera lens
designed for wide-screen photography and projection. A
lens that produces a 'squeezed' image on film in the
camera and, which, when projected using an appropriate
lens to reverse the effect, the image spreads out to lifelike
proportions.(09.30.) {D= ?; Es= objetivo [lente] anamórfica;
F= objectif anamorphoseur}.
anamorphic processes {E} * Any of the several processes
(Anamorphoscope, CinemaScope, etc.) which compress
a wide-screen motion picture to fit on standard 35 mm film.
{D= ?; Es= proceso anamórfico; F= procédé
d'anamorphos}.
anamorphic squeeze {E} * In motion picture production, a
change in picture geometry to compress one direction
(usually the horizontal) more than the other. Occasionally,
when wide-screen movies are transferred to video, an
anamorphic squeeze will be used (usually only in Credits)
to allow the smaller aspect ratio of television to
accommodate the larger movie aspect ratio. An
anamorphic squeeze can be performed either optically or
electronically.(07.) {D= ?; Es= compresión anamórfica; F=
coefficient d'anamorphose}.
Anamorphoscope {E;F} * An anamorphic projection
process developed in France in the 1920s that, upon
renaming, became CinemaScope.10. {D= ?; Es=
anamorfoscopio}.
anaquel {Es} * see shelf {E}.
anastigmatic lens {E} * A photographic lens that is used to
correct the effects of astigmatism. The front surface of this
type of lens corrects for spherical aberration while the rear
surface of the lens eliminates astigmatism in the outer
areas of the field. {D= ?; Es= lente [objetivo]
anastigmática; F= objectif anastigmatique}.
ancho de banda {Es} * see bandwidth {E}.
anchorage {E} * The degree to which a coating, i.e. oxide,
acetate, etc., adheres to the base, measurable by
checking how easily the coating can be lifted from the
backing with adhesive tape or a specially designed
knife.(04.46.) {D= ?; Es= anclaje; F= adhérence}.
anchura de película {Es} * see film gauge {E}.
11
anclaje {Es} * see anchorage {E}.
AND gate {E} * A digital circuit in which all input signals are
a -1- state in order to produce a -1- state in its output. The
inverse of the AND gate is the NAND gate. {D= ?; Es=
compuerta Y; puerta lógica Y; compuerta por conjunción;
F= porte Et}.
Andruckfilz {D} * see pressure pad {E}.
Andruckrolle {D} * see pinch roller {E}.
Anfahl der spuren {D} * see track numbers {E}.
angle d'enveloppement {F} * see wraparound {E}.
angle de champ {F} * see angle of view {E}.
angle de déflexion {F} * see warping angle {E}.
angle de prise de vue {F} * see camera angle {E}.
angle de réflexivité {F} * see angle of reflectivity {E}.
angle de vue {F} * see angle of view {E}.
angle des flancs du sillon {F} * see groove pitch {E}.
angle of reflectivity {E} * The widest angle from which a
bright image can be seen on a projection screen. {D= ?;
Es= ángulo de reflexión [reflectividad]; F= angle
d'réflectivité; angle de réflexivité}.
angle of view {E} * In the photographic process, the angle
subtended by the lens. Wide-angle lenses have roomy
angles of view; telephoto lenses have very narrow angles
of view. Not to be confused with camera angle.(30.) {D= ?;
Es= ángulo de visión; F= angle de champ; angle de vue}.
ángulo de alabeo {Es} * see warping angle {E}.
ángulo de cámara {Es} * see camera angle {E}.
ángulo de curvatura {Es} * see warping angle {E}.
ángulo de orientación {Es} * see orientation direction {E}.
ángulo de reflectividad {Es} * see angle of reflectivity {E}.
ángulo de reflexión {Es} * see angle of reflectivity {E}.
ángulo de surco {Es} * see groove pitch {E}.
ángulo de visión {Es} * see angle of view {E}.
Anhebung {D} * see emphasis {E}.
animación {Es} * see animation {E;F}.
animación por imágenes {Es} * see moving-image
materials {E}.
animación por pixel {Es} * see pixillation {E}.
animal glue {E} * A paste consisting of proteins derived
from cooking animal materials such as hides and bone.
Warmed animal glue dissolved in water is tacky and
viscous and forms a strong bond when it dries. Animal glue
will deteriorate over time, becoming hard and brittle and
losing its adhesive qualities; see also cold-setting
adhesive; glue; hot-melt adhesive; polyvinyl acetate
adhesive; starch paste.32. {D= tierischer Leim; Es= cola
animal; F= colle d'origine animale; colle forte}.
animation {E;F} * The technique of synthesizing apparent
mobility from inanimate objects or drawings through the
medium of cinematography. The term is also used for the
sequence of drawings made to create the movement, and

for the movement itself when seen on the screen.09. {D=
figürlicher Trick; Es= animación}.
animation camera {E} * A motion picture camera with
special capability for animation work; usually includes
frame and footage counters; the ability to expose a single
frame at a time, reverse-filming capability, and parallaxfree
viewing.(09.) {D= ?; Es= cámara de animación; F=
caméra d'animation; caméra image par image}.
anisotropía {Es} * see anisotropy {E}.
anisotropie {F} * see anisotropy {E}.
anisotropy {E} * Directional dependence of magnetic
properties leading to the existence of easy, or preferred,
directions of magnetization. Shape anisotropy is the
dominant form in acicular particles.46. {D= ?; Es=
anisotropía; F= anisotropie}.
annonce {F} * see radio promo; slate {E}.
annonce d'utilité publique .{F} * see PSA .{E}.
annonce de service public {F} * see public service
announcement (PSA) {E}.
annonce programme {F} * see television promo {E}.
anónimo {Es} * see anonymous {E}.
anonyme {F} * see anonymous {E}.
anonymous {E} * A work or works of unknown
authorship.(03.) {D= ?; Es= anónimo; F= anonyme}.
anotación analítica {Es} * see analytical entry {E}.
ANRS {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Audio Noise Reduction
System {D;E;Es;F}.
Ansichtskopie {D} * see hardcopy; service copy; viewing
copy {E}.
answer print {E} * A timed motion picture print submitted by
the film laboratory for approval by the customer of
laboratory functions, such as timing, developing, and
sound synchronization. If approved, it becomes the guide
for subsequent release prints. It is usually studied carefully
to determine whether changes are required prior to printing
the balance of the order. Synonymous with trial print.(09.)
{D= Nullkopie; erste Kopie; Es= copia de montaje; primera
copia; F= copie zéro (copie étalon); copie d'étalonnage;
première copie}.
antenna {E} * The purpose of a transmitting antenna is to
couple the signal from the transmitter to space by
converting its electrical output energy to electromagnetic
radiation. The receiving antenna does the reverse process.
{D= ?; Es= antena; F= antenne}.
Anti-skating-vorrichtung {D} * see antiskating
compensation {E}.
antialiasing filter {D;E} * 1) A low-pass screen used at the
input of digital audio recorders to attenuate frequencies
above the half-sampling frequency to prevent aliasing.(39.)
2) A screen to reduce the generation of spurious signals in
video. {D= ?; Es= filtro atenuante; filtro reductor; F= filtre
antirepliement; filtre anticrénelage}.
antibloom agent {E} * An additive that prevents the
magnetic coating of tape from shedding excess powdery
residue.04. {D= ?; Es= agente antipolvo; F= agent
antipoudrette}.
antifungus agent {E} * An agent, such as orthophenyl
phenol, added in manufactured materials, such as the
12
coating compositions of discs and tapes, to retard the
growth of fungus.(04.) {D= Fungizid; Es= fungicida; F=
agent antifongique}.
antihalation backing {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.
antihalation coating {E} * 1) A layer of dye applied to the
base of motion picture film, usually during manufacture, to
absorb light passing through the emulsion layer, striking
the acetate base, and reflecting back to the sensitive
emulsion to cause halation of light flares around bright
areas; film with a dye backing on the base side (opposite
the emulsion side) is called dye-back film; film with a dyetinted
base is called blue-base film. 2) The process of
treating a film base with a light-absorbing substance to
prevent refraction of light from the rear of the film. One
method is to introduce a layer of light-absorbing dye
between the emulsion and the film base; this is referred to
as antihalation backing; see also halation.(09.) {D= ?; Es=
revestimiento antihalo; F= enduit antihalo}.
antihalation dyes {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.
antihalation undercoat {E} * see antihalation coating {E}.
antiimaging filter {E} * A low-pass screen used at the
output of digital audio reproducers to attenuate
frequencies above the half-sampling frequency to
eliminate image spectra present at multiples of the
sampling frequency.39. {D= ?; Es= filtro antiimagen; F=
filtre anti-images}.
antinodal {Es;F} * see antinode {E}.
antinode {E} * The point of maximum amplitude of vibration
on a stationary wave.39. {D= ?; Es= antinodal; F=
antinodal}.
antiskating compensation {E} * A method of centring the
stylus in a groove during playback of a disc by applying a
force against its natural inclination to ride inward against
the inner groove wall. This prevents the pickup and stylus
from skating, e.g., climbing over or riding on the top of the
groove walls, and not tracking in the grooves.(04.) {D=
Anti-skating-Vorrichtung; Es= compensación del empuje
lateral (tocadiscos); F= compensation de poussée latérale
"antiskating"}.
antistatic element {E} * A material, usually carbon black,
used to make the coating of a disc or tape recording
(blank, master or mass produced) conductive in order to
prevent the buildup of electrical charges (due to friction)
which lead to static (distortion in playback).(04.) {D=
Antistatisches Mittel; Es= sustancia antiestática; F=
élément antistatique}.
Antistatisches mittel {D} * see antistatic element {E}.
anunciante {Es} * see sponsor {E}.
anuncio {Es} * see commercial {E;F}; radio promo {E}.
anuncio televisivo {Es} * see television promo {E}.
Anuncio de Servicio de Utilidad Pública {Es} * see PSA
{E}.
Anzeigegerät {D} * see metre {E}.
Anzeigelgerät {D} * see meter {E}.
añadir sonido, música, etc {Es} * see dub (2) {E}.
aparato de registro {Es} * see recorder {E}.
aparato lector-impresor {Es} * see reader/printer {E}.
aparator lector {Es} * see microform reader {E}.

aparator lector de microformas {Es} * see microform
reader {E}.
apertura de la Academia (de artes escénicas de los
EEUU) {Es} * see Academy aperture {E}.
apertura de una ventana en un cartón {Es} * see window
opening {E}.
apertura iris {Es} * see iris {E}.
aperture {E} * l) Lens: the orifice, usually an adjustable iris,
which limits the amount of light passing through a lens. 2)
Camera: in motion picture cameras, the mask opening that
defines the area of each frame exposed. 3) Projector: in
motion picture projectors, the mask opening that defines
the area of each frame projected.09. Also called iris or fstop.
4) As applied to ATV, the finite size and shape of the
point of the electron beam in a camera or picture tube.
Since the beam does not come to an infinitesimal point, it
affects the area around it, reducing resolution.07. {D=
Bildfenster; Es= ventanilla; 1) abertura de objetivo; 2 y 3)
abertura de máscara; 4) punto del haz de electrones; F=
couloir; ouverture; orifice}.
aperture card {E} * A stiff piece of pasteboard, usually
punched and of a size and shape suitable for use in data
processing systems, with one or more rectangular holes
designed to hold a frame or frames of microfilm.(22.23.)
{D= Filmlochkarte; Fensterkarte; Es= ficha de ventana;
tarjeta de abertura {Es; F= gabarit d'ouverture; carte à
fenêtre (microfilm); carte à fenêtre; carte d'ouverture}.
aperture circuit {E} * In digital to analogue conversion, the
sample-and-hold circuit used to buffer instability in the
analogue signal and correct for high-frequency roll-off
following the d/a converter.39. {D= ?; Es= circuito de
abertura; F= circuit de maintien}.
aperture correction {E} * 1) Signal processing that
compensates for a loss of detail caused by the
aperture.07. 2) An electronic technique in which a video
signal is enhanced to increase its image sharpness as
compensation for a loss of detail. {D= ?; Es= 1) corrección
de abertura; 2) aumento de la señal de vídeo ; F=
correction de contour; correction d'ouverture}.
aperture error {E} * In digital to analogue conversion, the
high frequency roll-off occurring during de-sampling.39.
{D= ?; Es= error de abertura; F= erreur d'ouverture}.
aperture mask {E} * A metal plate with precisely formed
holes, placed close behind the phosphor-dot faceplate in
a tricolour picture tube which insures that each of the three
electron beams excites only the desired phosphor dot; also
called a shadow mask. {D= ?; Es= máscara de abertura;
máscara perforada; F= masque d'écran}.
aperture plate {E} * A coating or covering, usually metal, in
the film camera or projector which has a rectangular hole
through which the film is exposed or projected, governing
the aspect ratio of the film. {D= Bildfensterplatte; Es= placa
de la ventanilla (de proyección); F= plaque de couloir;
plaque d'ouverture; plaque de couloir; cache de fenêtre}.
APEX system {E} * acronym for automatic precision
exposure system {E}.
aplicación de la emulsión {Es} * see coating {E}.
aplicación de recubrimiento (CD) {Es} * see spin coating
{E}.
appareil de mesure des ultraviolets {F} * see UV monitor
{E}.
appareil de mesure UV Crawford type 760 {F} * see
Crawford UV monitor type 760 {E}.
13
appareil de prise de vue {F} * see camera {E}.
appareil de reproduction semi-flottant {F} * see semifloating
reproducer {E}.
appareil photo {F} * see camera {E}.
apparent thickness {E} * The thickness of an object as
measured by optical means. The apparent thickness
equals the physical thickness divided by the index of
refraction of the object being measured; see also
thickness.46. {D= ?; Es= espesor aparente; F= épaisseur
apparente}.
appéciation {F} * see evaluation {E}.
application d'un revêtement (par procédé de tournoiement)
{F} * see spin coating {E}.
application programme {E} * A programme that processes
the contents of a file, and may also process selected
attribute data relating to the file or to the volume/s on
which the file is recorded. NB An application programme
is a specific class of user, as defined in ISO 9660:1988
(e).20. {D= ?; Es= programa de aplicación; F= programme
d'application}.
apuntador (objeto) {Es} * see flash card {E}.
apuntador de texto {Es} * see prompter {E}.
apunte {Es} * see cue {E}.
apunte analítico (-a) {Es} * see analytical note {E}.
apunte de contenido {Es} * see contents note {E}.
aquatint {E} * In still-imaging, 1) a method of etching a
printing plate so that an image similar to a watercolour can
be reproduced, and 2) the print resulting form such a
technique.(24.) {D= Aquatinta; Es= aguatinta; F=
aquatinte}.
Aquatinta {D} * see aquatint {E}.
aquatinte {F} * see aquatint {E}.
aqueous solvent {E} * Water or watery substance used to
dissolve chemicals.53. {D= wässrige Lösung; Es=
disolvente acuoso; F= solvent aqueux}.
arañazo {Es} * see scrape; scratch {E}.
arañazo profundo {Es} * see gouge {E}.
Arbeitskopie {D} * see service copy; service duplicate;
work print {E}.
arc électrique {F} * see arc light {E}.
arc lamp {E} * A type of illumination, used in film
projectors, produced by a bridge of incandescent particles
which carries electric current from positive to negative
electrodes. {D= Bogenlampe; Es= lámpara de arco; F=
lampe à arc; projecteur à arc; lanterne à arc}.
arc light {E} * A specialized illumination source used on
moving-image production sets where two pieces of carbon
are brought close enough together so that an electric
current can arc across the gap. Such lights are now being
replaced, due to their great expense, by more conventional
lights. Arc lights are also used in projectors.(30.) {D= ?;
Es= luz [lámpara] de arco; F= arc électrique; lampe à arc;
lumière d'arc}.
architectural rendering {E} * A pictorial representation of a
building intended to show, before it has been built, how the
building will look when completed; see also technical

drawing.(03.) {D= ?; Es= ?eproducción arquitectónica; F=
projet architectural}.
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable
sur disque compact {F} * see compact disc-programmable
read only memory (CD-PROM) {D;E}.
Archiv {D} * see archive {E}.
archival {E} * NB most archivists prefer not to apply this
term in their work. 1) A nonspecific term suggesting that a
material or product is permanent, durable or chemically
stable and thus suitable for preservation purposes. There
are no standards describing how long an archival material
will last, although many agree that the intention is
forever.17. 2) A subjective term sometimes used to
describe the content of an item as worthy of continued
storage and preservation, or used as a modifier to
describe the conditions necessary for the optimal storage
of materials; see life expectancy. {D= archivalisch;
archivarisch; archivisch; archivtauglich; Es= archivístico;
F= archivistique}.
archival agency {E/US} * see archive {E}.
archival cataloguing {E} * see cataloguing {E}.
archival depository {E} * see archive {E}.
archival film {E} * 1) A photographic film that is suitable for
the preservation of records having permanent value when
the film is properly processed and stored under archival
storage conditions, provided the original images are of
suitable quality; see also archival; archival permanence;
archival quality; archival storage conditions; long-term film;
medium term film; short-term film; preservation master
negative.40. 2) Film of value for record purposes that will
be kept in permanent storage.34. {D= Archivfilm;
archivtauglicher Film; Es= película de (calidad de) archivo;
F= film d'archivage; film d'archives}.
archival heritage {E} * The totality of archives preserved in
a given area or on a given topic, forming an essential part
of its administrative, cultural, and/or historical
heritage.(22.) {D= archivalisches Erbe; Es= patrimoni
histórico; patrimoni archivístico; F= patrimoine
archivistique}.
archival integrity {E} * A basic standard derived from the
principle of provenance and the registry principle which
requires that an archive/record group shall be preserved in
its entirety without division, mutilation, alienation,
unauthorized destruction or addition, except by accrual or
replevin, in order to ensure its full evidential and
informational value.22.23. {D= Unverletzlichkeit (eines
provenienzmässigen Archivbe-stands); Es= integridad de
un fondo; F= intégrité du fonds d'archives; integrité des
fonds}.
archival jurisdiction {E} * The jurisdiction, as defined by law
or regulation, exercised by archives (1) over the
preservation, transfer, use, and disposal of records (2) and
archives.22.23. {D= archivische Zuständigkeit; Es=
competencia archivística; jurisdición archivística; F=
juridiction archivistique; compétence légale des archives}.
archival legislation {E} * The body of laws and regulations
governing the preservation, accessibility and protection of
archives and the organization of archives in a country or
region.22. {D= Archivgesetzgebung; Archivrecht; Es=
legislación sobre archivos; F= législation archivistique}.
archival permanence {E} * The degree to which an item
retains its original characteristics and resists deterioration
for a lengthy, specified period of time. documents that do
not undergo significant physical change for such a period
of time are said to be of archival quality. For some
documents the time period can be considered to range
14
from one hundred years to forever. In most cases,
controlled storage and use are necessary to achieve
archival permanence; see also archival quality.01. {D=
archivalische Haltbarkeit; archivalische Dauerhaftigkeit;
Es= permanencia (calidad de los materiales de archivo);
F= permanence archivistique}.
archival positive {E} * A film image, either a print or a fine
grain master, with or without a soundtrack, used only for
the purpose of manufacturing a single preservation copy.
{D= ?; Es= positivo para copia de archivo; F= film positif
d'archive}.
archival processing {E} * 1) Procedure/s for preparation
and/or treatment of items or information which results in
their maximum permanence and stability; may involve
either conversion to another medium or physical treatment
of the original item. This is accomplished in a variety of
ways, dependent upon the object. In order to ensure
archival quality, adherence to the appropriate packaging,
storage and handling procedures is a is accomplished
through a series of precise fixing, washing, and toning
baths, and differs from ordinary processing by careful
control of the fixing time and, thus, the retention of residual
chemicals. After a thorough washing, photographs are
treated with a gold solution or a toner, such as selenium.
Archival processing requires the use of fibre-based rather
than resin-coated papers.(43.) {D= 1) Archivierung; Es=
procesado para obtener una copia de calidad de archivo;
F= traitement d'archive}.
archival quality {E} * 1) The material properties inherent in
any documentary medium permitting it indefinite
preservation under controlled conditions.22. 2) A term,
often misused, pertaining to materials that carry the
connotation of permanence and high quality. When used
in vendor's catalogues and/or manufacturer's claims, etc.,
the term must be backed up with precise life span,
chemical, and physical specifications. {D= Archivfähigkeit
(materielle Eignung zu dauernder archivischer
Verwahrung); Archivqualität (alterungsbe-ständiges
Material); Es= cualidad de archivo; F= qualité d'archivage;
qualité de conservation}.
archival rack {E} * As specified in the NFPA 40, shelving
devices intended for use in archival vaults for the storage
of high-value or permanent cellulose nitrate based motion
picture film. Such racks are constructed so that individual
rolls or groups of two rolls are placed in isolated, insulated
compartments. In certain cases, a maximum of three rolls
in a single container may be placed in such
compartments.(34.) {D= Archivregal; Es= estantería de
archivo; F= étagère d'archivage}.
archival standards {E} * The standards that must be met by
a given type of recording material or process for this
material to retain specified characteristics; see also
archival quality.40. {D= archivalischer Standard;
Archivstandard; Es= normas de archivo (calidad de los
materiales); F= normes d'archivage}.
archival storage conditions {E} * Conditions suitable for the
long term storage of materials. {D=
Archivlagerbedingungen; Es= condiciones de
almacenamiento (normas) en archivos; F= condition de
stockage des archives}.
archival succession {E} * The sequence of legal jurisdiction
over archives as the result of changes in territorial
sovereignty, or administrative competence.22.23. {D=
Archivfolge; Es= sucesión en la propiedad de un archivo;
F= juridiction en matière de succession des archives}.
archival value {E} * 1) The determination that items or data
are worthy of indefinite or permanent preservation by an
archival agency. Sometimes referred to as historical,
continuing, or enduring value.(07.) 2) Those values, either
administrative, fiscal, legal, evidential and/or informational,

which justify the indefinite or permanent retention of
records/archives.22.23. {D= archivalischer Wert;
Archivwert; Archivwürdigkeit; Es= valor archivístico; valor
permanente; valor histórico; F= critère d'archivage; valeur
archivistique}.
archival wash {E} * The act of repeating the standard
washing of film to remove developer or fixer from film until
the pH is at an acceptable level. {D= ?; Es= lavado de
película con calidad de archivo; F= rinçage de la pellicule
d'archivage}.
archivalisch {D} * see archival {E}.
archivalische dauerhaftigkeit {D} * see archival
permanence {E}.
archivalische haltbarkeit {D} * see archival permanence
{E}.
archivalischer standard {D} * see archival standards {E}.
archivalischer wert {D} * see archival value {E}.
archivalisches erbe {D} * see archival heritage {E}.
Archivar {D} * se
Archivaufnahme {D} * see stock shot {E}.
Archivbestand {D} * see archive group {E}.
Archivduplikat {D} * see preservation duplicate {E}.
archive {E} * 1) Non-current records preserved, with or
without selection, by those responsible for their creation or
by their successors in function for their own use or by an
appropriate archives because of their archival value. 2) An
institution responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and
communication of archives; also called archival agency
{E/US}; archive/s service; record office. Archives 1) and 2)
are, also, called after the type of institution whose records
they acquire, e.g. national, college/university, etc. 3) The
building or part of a building in which archives 1) are
preserved and made available for consultation; also called
archive/s repository; archival depository.(22.23.) {D= 1)
Archiv; Archivgut; 2) Archiv; 3) Archiv; Archivgebäude; Es=
1) archivo/s histórico/s; 2) archivo; 3) archivo; F=
archives}.
archive conservation {E} * The discipline dedicated to the
preservation and restoration of archival materials.(24.) {D=
Konservierung; Restaurierung; Es= conservación de [en]
archivo (normas); F= conservation; conservation des
archives}
archive group {E} * The primary division in the
arrangement of archives at the level of the independent
originating unit or agency.22.23. {D= Archivserie;
Archivbestand; Es= archivo; fondo; sección; F= fonds
d'archives; fonds; série}.
archive photographique {F} * see photographic
records/archives {E}.
archive repository {E} * see archive {E}.
archive restoration {E} * The process of improving the
condition of a damaged item as far as possible; ranges
from simple repair of a torn object or splicing of a broken
tape or film to full restoration of an object to its perceived
original state.(24.) {D= ?; Es= restauración de materiales
de archivo (normas); F= restauration des archives;
restauration}
archive service {E} * see archive {E}.
archivero (-a) {Es} * see archivist {E}.
15
archivero {Es} * see archivist {E}.
archives {F} * see archive {E}.
archives administration {E} * 1) The theoretical and
practical study of policies, procedures and problems
relating to archival functions. 2) The direction and
management of archives.(22.23.) {D= 1)
Archivverwaltungslehre; 2) Archivverwaltung; Es= 1)
archivística; archivología; archivonomía; F= archivistique}.
archives audiovisuelles {F} * see audiovisual
archives/records data; audiovisual archives {E}.
archives box/container {E} * A storage box for archives
materials of pressed cardboard, either in letter or legal
size, and usually with a capacity of about one-third cubic
foot; see also document case; records centre
container/carton.11. {D= Archivkarton; Es= caja;
contenedor de archivo ; F= boîte d'archives}.
archives courantes {F} * see current records {E}.
archives de données informatiques {F} * see data archive
{E}.
archives iconographiques {F} * see iconographic archives
{E}.
archives littéraires {F} * see literary archives/records {E}.
archives orales {F} * see oral history {E}.
archives sonores {F} * see audio archives {E}.
archives textuelles {F} * see textual records {E}.
archives video {F} * see video archives {E}.
Archivfähigkeit (materielle Eignung zu dauernder
archivischer verwahrung) {D} * see archival quality {E}.
Archivfilm {D} * see archival film {E}.
Archivfolge {D} * see archival succession {E}.
Archivgebäude {D} * see archive {E}.
Archivgesetzgebung {D} * see archival legislation {E}.
Archivgut {D} * see archive; audiovisual archives/records
data {E}.
Archivierung {D} * see archival processing; transfer {E}.
archivisch {D} * see archival {E}.
archivische zuständigkeit {D} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.
archivische zuständigkeits- und eigentumskonflikte {D} *
see conflicting archival claims {E}.
archivist {E} * A person professionally occupied in the
administration of archives and/or the management of
archives.22.23. {D= Archivar; Es= archivero (-a); F=
archiviste}.
archiviste {F} * see archivist {E}.
archivística {Es} * see archives administration
archivístico {Es} * see archival (1)(2) {E}.
archivistique {F} * see archival; archives administration {E}.
Archivkarton {D} * see archives box/container {E}.
Archivkopie {D} * see preservation copy; preservation

master; preservation transfer copy {E}.
Archivlagerbedingungen {D} * see archival storage
conditions {E}.
Archivmaster {D} * see preservation master {E}.
archivo {Es} * see archive; archive group; record (1);
register {E}.
archivo fotográfico {Es} * see photographic
records/archives {E}.
archivo literario {Es} * see literary archives/records {E}.
archivo oral {Es} * see oral history {E}.
archivo/s histórico/s {Es} * see archive; literary
archives/records {E}.
archivo/s oral/es {Es} * see oral history {E}.
archivo sonoro {Es} * see audio archives {E}.
archivología {Es} * see archives administration {E}.
archivonomía {Es} * see archives administration {E}.
archivos {Es} * see machine-readable
archivos audiovisuales {Es} * see audiovisual archives {E}.
archivos cinematográficos {Es} * see film archives {E}.
archivos iconográficos {Es} * see iconographic archives
{E}.
archivos textuales {Es} * see textual records {E}.
Archivqualität (alterungsbe- ständiges material) {D} * see
archival quality {E}.
Archivrecht {D} * see archival legislation {E}.
Archivregal {D} * see archival rack {E}.
Archivserie {D} * see archive group {E}.
Archivspeicher {D} * see stacks {E}.
Archivsperre {D} * see restricted access {E}.
Archivstandard {D} * see archival standards {E}.
archivtauglich {D} * see archival {E}.
archivtauglicher film {D} * see archival film {E}.
Archivverwaltung {D} * see archives administration {E}.
Archivverwaltungslehre {D} * see archives administration
{E}.
Archivwert {D} * see archival value {E}.
Archivwürdigkeit {D} * see archival value {E}.
arco de carbón {Es} * see carbon-arc lamps {E}.
area {E} * A major section of a bibliographic description,
comprising data of a particular category or set of
categories.12. {D= ?; Es= área; sección principal de la
descripción bibliográfica; F= zone de description
bibliographique}.
área {Es} * see area
argenture à sec {F} * see wet silvering {E}.
16
ARL {E} * acronym for Association of Research Libraries.
armario {Es} * see cabinet (2) {E}.
armario de secado {Es} * see drying cabinet {E}.
armario metálico {Es} * see rack (1) {E}.
armazón {Es} * see chassis {E}.
armoire de séchage {F} * see drying cabinet {E}.
armónicas (componentes) {Es} * see harmonics {E}.
arrangement {E} * 1) The intellectual operations involved
in the organization of records/archives based upon the
principle of provenance, reflecting the administrative
structure and/or competence or function of the originating
agency. If this is impossible then an organization based
upon other criteria adapted to the physical type or form or
content of the documents, such as an alphabetical,
chronological, geographical, or subject order, may be
used. 2) The physical operations complementary to 1),
above, such as numbering, boxing, and shelving.(22.23.)
{D= 1&2) Ordnung; Ordnungsarbeit; Es= 1) clasificatión y
ordenación; 2) acondicionamiento; F= arrangement;
arrangement musical; rangement; classement}.
arrangement musical {F} * see arrangement {E}.
arrastre (TV) {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.
arrastre {Es} * see drag {E}.
arrastre de la cinta {Es} * see tape transport {E}.
arreglo {Es} * see disposal {E}.
arrêt (bain d'arrêt) {F} * see stop {E}.
arrêt automatique {F} * see automatic shutoff {E}.
arrêt sur image {F} * see freeze frame; still frame {E}.
arrugas {Es} * see cockle/cockling; crease {E}.
ARSC {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Association for Recorded
Sound Collections {E}.
ARSC/AAA {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Association for
Recorded Sound Collections' Associated Audio Archives
{E}.
art director {E} * In moving-image production the person in
charge, generally, of sets and costumes.(30.) {D=
Artdirektor; Film-Architekt; Es= decorado; escenografía;
director de escena [escenografía, decorado].\; F=
décorateur; chef décorateur; directeur artistique}.
art original {E} * An original two- or three-dimensional work
of art (other than an art print or a photograph) created by
an artist (e.g., a painting, drawing, or sculpture, as
contrasted to a reproduction of a painting, drawing, or
sculpture).(03.) {D= ?; Es= obra de arte original (en
contraposición a una reproducción); F= oeuvre originale
(non reproduite)}.
art print {E} * An engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut,
etc., printed from the plate prepared by the artist.03. {D=
?; Es= arte impreso; impresión artística; F= oeuvre
reproduite}.
art reproduction {E} * A mechanically reproduced copy of
a work of art, generally as one of commercial edition.03.
{D= ?; Es= reproducción de una obra de arte ; F=
reproduction de l'oeuvre artistique}.
Artdirektor {D} * see art director {E}.

arte impreso {Es} * see art print {E}.
artefact {E;F} * see artifact {E}.
artefacto {Es} * see artifact (1) {E}.
article {F} * see item {E}.
article multimedia multisupport {F} * see multipath {E}.
article multimedia multisupport{F} * see multimedia item
{E}.
artifact {E} * 1) Any object made or modified by one or
more persons.03. 2) In photography, the product resulting
from the reaction of light on a light-sensitive emulsion to
produce an image. The term excludes images resulting
from a photomechanical process.42. 3) A spurious signal
produced artificially; generally considered a distortion. {D=
Bildeindruck; Es= aspecto de la imágen; 1) objeto
[artefacto]; 2) imagen resultado de la incidencia de la luz
sobre una emulsión; 3) señal adulterada producida
artificialmente {Es; F= représentation; artifice; artefact;
aspect de l'image}.
artifactual value {E} * The physical worth of an object in
addition to (or rather than) its importance for the
information it contains. For example, an ordinary edition of
the Bible may have artifactual value because of its unique
binding; a film because it belonged to the star of the film;
a recording because it was signed by, or belonged to, a
major performer.(37.) {D= ?; Es= valor como objeto; F=
valeur artefactuelle}.
artifice {F} * see artifact {E}.
artificio de ventilación para escape de gases {Es} * see
decomposition vent {E}.
artista {Es} * see performer {E}.
artiste {F} * see performer; talent {E}.
artotype {E} * see collotype.
ASA {E} * acronym for American Standards Association
{E}.
ASA speed rating {E} * An internationally recognized
system of the ASA for specifying the sensitivity or speed of
still photographic materials. The standard is also used as
a practical guide for motion picture film cinematographers.
{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
ASCII {E} * acronym for American Standard Code for
Information Interchange. {E}.
ASI {E} * acronym for American Standards Institute. {E}.
Asiento {Es} * see entry; registration {E}.
asincrónico {Es} * see asynchronous {E}.
Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros {Es} * see
International Association of Sound Archives {E} *
Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros {Es} *see
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual
Archives (IASA) {E}.
aspect ratio {E} * 1) In film, the width of a screen image in
relation to its height. 'Standard' academy aperture is
1.33:1. Standard wide-screen ratios vary from 1.66 to 1.85;
anamorphic processes such as CinemaScope and
Panavision are even wider, 2.35 to 2.55; see also
Vistavision.(09.) 2) In video, the NTSC system ratio is 4:3,
image width to its height; it is proposed that HDTV have
16:9 aspect ratio. {D= Bildeindruck; Es= aspecto de la
imágen; formato (TV y cine); proporción dimensional; F=
17
format d'image; aspect de l'image; rapport hauteur/largeur
de l'image}.
aspecto de la imágen {Es} * see aspect ratio; artifact {E}.
aspecto de muro de ladrillo {Es} * see brickwall {E}.
aspecto grisáceo {Es} * see greying {E}.
asperezas {Es} * see asperities {E}.
aspérités {F} * see asperities {E}.
asperities {E} * Small projecting or rough imperfections on
the surface of the coating of magnetic tape that limit and
cause variations in head-to-tape contact.(07.) {D= ?; Es=
asperezas; F= montage par assemblage; bruit d'aspérités;
aspérités}.
asperity noise {E} * 1) Roughness noise. 2) Hiss, caused
by minute imperfections on magnetic tape.(04.07.) {D=
Modulationsrauschen; Es= ruido producido por asperezas;
F= bruit d'aspérités; montage par assemblage}.
assemblage {F} * see mix {E}.
assemblage d'édition {F} * see assemble edit {E}.
assemble edit {E} * 1) To record one segment of a
production after another in chronological order until the
production is completed.(35.) 2) A video edit in which a
new control track signal is recorded in phase with the
original signal already on the videotape. Assembly editing
is the inverse of insert editing where the original control
track signal is retained throughout the editing process. {D=
?; Es= grabación de una señal sobre la original;
ensamblaje en orden cronológico; F= assemblage
d'édition}.
asservissement {F} * see tracking {D;E}.
asservissement d'un générateur {F} * see gen-lock {E}.
association des industries électroniques du Japon {F} *
see EIAJ {E}.
Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM)
{E} * A U.S. professional society concerned with
micrographics, formerly the National Micrographics
Association.
Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC) {E} *
A U.S. based association of audio dealers, collectors,
librarians, and archivists.
Association for Recorded Sound Collections' Associated
Audio Archives (ARSC/AAA) {E} * A special committee of
the Association for Recorded Sound Collections consisting
of representatives of sound archives who have chosen to
work together in a highly cooperative manner to
accomplish specific goals and objectives which are set by
the group.
Association Internationale d'Archives Sonores {F} * see
International Association of Sound Archives (IASA) {E}.
Association Internationale d'Archives Sonores et
Audiovisuelles {F} * see International Association of
Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) {E}.
astigmatic lens {E} * One which causes light rays to
converge unequally, thus resulting in imperfect images.
The image produced by such a lens may be sharp in some
areas and out of focus in others. {D= ?; Es= lente [objetivo]
astigmática; F= objectif astigmatique}.
astigmatism {E;F} * The distorting property of certain
lenses used in some optical pickups to generate a focus

signal.39. An off-axis aberration in a lens that causes light
rays to converge unequally, thus resulting in imperfect
images. It is a defect from which all vertical and horizontal
lines near the margin of the field cannot both be accurately
focused at the same time. In effect it prevents sharp
definition of perpendicular lines at the same focal distance;
see astigmatic lens. {D= ?; Es= astigmatismo}.
astigmatismo {Es} * see astigmatism {E;F}.
ASTM {E} * acronym for American Society for Testing
and Materials.
asynchrone {F} * see asynchronous {E}.
asynchronous {E} * A descriptive term illustrating that two
or more electronic signals do no coincide in their timing
relationships; the inverse of synchronous. {D= ?; Es=
asincrónico; F= asynchrone; objectif astigmatique; non
synchrone; objectif astigmatique}.
asynchronous sound {E} * Somewhat like commentative
sound, whose source is not visible in the moving-image
scene, often used in counterpoint to the action on the
screen. The opposite of actual sound; see also
synchronous sound.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido asincrónico;
F= son asynchrone}.
Ateliersekretärin {D} * see script girl {D;E;F}.
atenuación de ruido {Es} * see noise reduction {E}.
atenuacíon {Es} * see attenuate; attenuation {E}.
atenuador {Es} * see fader {E}.
atenuante {Es} * see attenuator {E}.
atenuar {Es} * see attenuate {E}.
atmen {D} * see breathing {E}.
ATR {E} * acronym for audio tape recorder. {D= ?; Es=
Grabador de Cinta y Audio (magnetófono); F=
magnétophone}.
atrapa (dispositivo) iones {Es} * see ion trap {E}.
atributo {Es} * see attribute {E}.
attenuate {E} * To weaken a given electrical signal, such
as volume level, by reducing its level by means of a
volume or loudness control.(50.16.) {D= abschwächen;
dämpfen; ausblenden; Es= atenuacíon; atenuar; F=
atténuer}.
atténuateur {F} * see attenuator {E}.
attenuation {E} * The decrease of signal strength as it
progresses from source to receiver.(07.) {D=
Abschwächung; Dämpfung; Es= atenuación; F=
affaiblissement; atténuation}.
atténuation {F} * see attenuation {E}.
attenuator {E} * Electronic circuitry which weakens a given
electrical signal by reducing its level; may be a volume or
loudness control. {D= ?; Es= atenuante; F= atténuateur}.
atténuer {F} * see attenuate {E}.
attribut {F} * see attribute {E}.
attribute {E} * 1) A feature of a mechanical device. 2) A
characteristic type of data (e.g. type, structure, element of
a model, or system). 3) A word that describes the manner
in which a variable is handled by a computer. {D= ?; Es=
atributo; F= attribut}.
18
audible frequencies {E} * see audible tones.
audible tones {E} * Sounds with wave frequencies which
the average human can hear and which range from 16 to
20,000 Hz; also known as audible frequencies.16. {D=
Hörbereich; ?; Es= tonos audibles; F= tons perceptibles;
fréquence perceptibles; fréquences audibles}.
audio {E;F} * 1) From the Latin meaning to hear. 2) In
moving-image production, an all inclusive term used to
describe the recording, transmission, reproduction, and
reception of sound. 3) The equipment used for the
recording and reproduction of sound. 4) The audio portion
of the spectrum; see also sound recording. {D= Audio; Es=
producción sonora; sonido; señal de sonido; F= son}.
audio archives {E} * 1) Archives which collect sound
recordings with related documents (i.e., pictorial, textual,
etc.). 2) An institution responsible for the acquisition,
preservation, and communication of sound recordings and
related materials irrespective of their provenance and/or
archival character; also known as sound archives; see also
archives. (23.){D= Schallarchiv; Tonarchive; Es= archivo
sonoro; F= archives sonores}.
audio digital {Es} * see digital audio {E}.
audio disc {E} * A sound recording on a thin, flat circular
object, usually made of either shellac, vinyl, or various
laminates. The signal may be either analogue or digital,
and recorded/played using acoustical, electrical, magnetic,
or optical technology. The most common speeds of
acoustical or electrical recordings are 78-, 45-, 33a-, and
16b-RPM. Synonymous with phonodisc and phonograph
record. The analogue disc, together with audio cylinders,
belongs to the category of mechanical sound carriers. The
disc usually carries the signal in a laterally, sometimes
vertically modulated spiral. With the acoustic or electrical
analogue disc a stylus on the playback device follows the
groove as the disc revolves; the modulations in the groove
cause the stylus to vibrate; and the vibrations are
converted by the playback system into equivalent
analogue signals. The first worldwide accepted standard
of the audio disc was developed by Emile Berliner.
Generally the audio disc is understood to be a system for
the mass production of a given recording, whereby a
master (record) is galvanoplastically processed to produce
durable stampers for the pressing of the actual discs to be
mass distributed. However, before the availability of tape
recording, discs of certain materials were used for making
and playing back instantaneous recordings. Since 1983
analogue discs are being replaced by digital audio discs,
specifically compact discs; see also coarse groove disc;
compact disc; father; master; matrix; metal parts;
microgroove disc; mother; shellac record; vinyl disc. {D=
Schallplatte; Es= audiodisco; F= disque audio; disque}.
audio frame synchronizer {E} * see audio synchronizer {E}.
audio frequencies {E} * Frequencies that can be heard by
the human ear, approximately 20 to 20,000 hertz.39. {D=
Hörfrequenzen; Hörbereich; Es= audiofrecuencias; F=
audiofréquences; fréquences audio}.
audio frequency modulation (AFM) {E} * A method of
recording audio in the video area of a video recording
yielding a higher quality signal than the standard
longitudinal tracks. These tracks can only be recorded
along with video and cannot be recorded separately. {D=
?; Es= modulación de audiofrecuencias; F= modulation de
fréquence audio (fm)}.
audio reel {E} * An open reel holding audio tape which is
to be recorded or played reel to reel; synonymous with
audio tape reel, sound tape reel, and sound tape
spool.(01.) {D= Tonbandspule; Es= cinta magnetofónica;
F= bande audio à bobines libres; bobine d'audio}.

audio spectrum {E} * The range of the electromagnetic
wave spectrum audible to humans that ranges
approximately from 15 Hz to 20,000 Hz; see also audio
frequencies.(04.07.) {D= Tonband; Es= audioespectro; F=
spectre audio}.
audio synchronizer {E} * Electronic device which controls
the time relationship between audio and its associated
video. In video production, this device became necessary
when excessive video processing caused the audio to be
out-of-sync with the video; also known as audio frame
synchronizer. {D= ?; Es= sincronizador de audio; F=
synchroniseur son}.
audio tape {E} * A magnetic band, belt or strip, composed
of three parts base, binder or adhesive, and recording
surface intended for the recording/playing of sound
recordings. Made usually with a base material of polyester,
but can be with paper or cellulose acetate. The recording
surface is attached to the base with a binder or adhesive.
The tape is pulled over a record or playback head to
record/play a magnetic signal either analogue or digital.
The most common speeds of audio tapes are 15-, 7½-,
3¾-, and 1#-IPS; see also cassettes; cartridges; magnetic
tape; phonotape. {D= Tonband; Es= cinta de audio; F=
bande magnétique audio; bande son}.
Audio {D} * see audio {E}.
Audio Engineering Society (AES) {E} * An international
professional engineering society that, among other
activities, helps establish standards related to the audio
field.
Audio Noise Reduction System (ANRS) {D;E;Es;F} * The
Japanese Victor Co.'s noise reduction system, very similar
to Dolby B.
audiodisco {Es} * see audio disc {E}.
audioespectro {Es} * see audio spectrum {E}.
audiofrecuencias {Es} * see audio frequencies {E}.
audiofréquences {F} * see audio frequencies {E}.
audiography {E} * see discography.
audionumérique {F} * see digital audio {E}.
audiovisual {E;Es} * A term normally applied to modify or
qualify non-book collections of audio and moving- and stillimages,
as well as such carriers as microfilm -fiche,
photographs, prints, etc. {D= audiovisuell; F= audiovisuel}.
audiovisual archives {E} * Archives in pictorial and/or aural
form, regardless of format, including related textual
documents; see also audio archives; film archives;
iconographic archives; photographic archives; video
archives.(22.) {D= audiovisuelle Archive; Es= documentos
audiovisuales; archivos audiovisuales; F= archives
audiovisuelles}.
audiovisual archives/records data {E} * Records/archives
in pictorial and/or aural form, regardless of format,
including related materials in other formats.22.23. {D=
Bilddokumentation; Filmdokumentation;
Tondokumentation; Bildarchivgut; Filmarchivgut;
Tonarchivgut; Dokumentation; Archivgut; Es= documentos
audiovisuales; F= archives audiovisuelles}.
audiovisuel {F} * see audiovisual {E;Es}.
audiovisuell {D} * see audiovisual {E}.
audiovisuelle Archive {D} * see audiovisual archives {E}.
Aufbewahrung {D} * see preservation {E;F}.
19
Auflage {D} * see pressing {E}.
Auflagekraft {D} * see stylus force {E}.
Auflösung {D} * see definition {E}.
Aufnahme {D} * see record; shot {E}.
Aufnahme-bildröhre {D} * see camera tube {E}.
Aufnahmegerät {D} * see recorder {E}.
Aufnahmegruppe {D} * see direct positive {E}.
Aufnahmekopf {D} * see recording head {E}.
aufnahmen {D} * see record {E}.
Aufnahmeplatte {D} * see instantaneous disc {E}.
Aufnahmeschicht {D} * see recording layer {E}.
Aufnahmesitzung {D} * see recording session {E}.
Aufnahmetrichter {D} * see recording horn {E}.
Aufnahmewachs {D} * see wax disc {E}.
Aufwickelbandzug {D} * see take-up tension {E}.
Aufwickelspule {D} * see take-up reel {E}.
augmentation de la densité pendant le tirage
photographique {F} * see buildup {E}.
augmented channel system {E} * A way of gaining more
VHF channel capacity on a conventional single cable
system through the installation of subscriber set-top
convertors. {D= ?; Es= sistema de transmisión multicanal
por cable; F= système de transmission multicanaux par
câble}.
aumentador (químico o electrónico) {Es} * see extender
{E}.
aumento {Es} * see magnification {E}.
aumento de la señal de vídeo {Es} * see aperture
correction (1, 2) {E}.
aumento, dilatación de la emulsión {Es} * see swelling of
the emulsion {E}.
aumento en la densidad debido a la liberación de plata
metálica {Es} * see buildup (4) {E}.
aureola {Es} * see halation {E}.
auriculares {Es} * see can (2){E}; headphones {E}.
ausblenden {D} * see attenuate; fade; iris-in/iris-out {E}.
Außenaufnahme {D} * see field recording {E}.
Außenhülle {D} * see cover {E}.
Ausgabe {D} * see issue {E}.
Ausgang {D} * see output {E}.
Ausgangssignal {D} * see output {E}.
Auslaufserie {D} * see chronological file {E}.
Ausleihe {D} * see loan {E}.
Ausleuchtung {D} * see lighting {E}.

Auslösung {D} * see resolution {E}.
Ausnahmegenehmigung {D} * see clearance {E}.
Ausrichtung {D} * see orientation direction {E}.
Aussenstelle {D} * see branch repository {E}.
Aussonderung {D} * see disposal {E}.
Ausstellung {D} * see exhibition {E}.
Ausstellungsvitrine {D} * see display case {E}.
ausstrahlen {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.
Auswertung {D} * see evaluation {E}.
Auszug {D} * see excerpt {E}.
autenticación {Es} * see authentication {E}.
autentificar {Es} * see authentication {E}.
auteur {E;F} * In moving-image production, a theory which
postulates that one person has the artistic responsibility for
a film, usually the director. Therefore, films can be studied
like novels and paintings; see also cahiers du cinema;
metteur en scene; politique des auteurs.(30.) {D= ?; Es=
(cine) teoría que defiende la responsabilidad artística del
director}.
authentication {E} * The determination that a document or
a reproduction of a document is what it purports to
be.22.23. {D= Echtheitsbestätigung; Es= autenticación;
autentificar {Es; F= authentification}.
authentification {F} * see authentication {E}.
authoring system {E} * Programmes and equipment which
enable non-programmers to write inter-active and other
programmes, espe-cially for CD-I.39. {D= ?; Es= sistema
protegido; F= système protégé}.
authority file {E} * The data, either manual or automated,
in which cataloguers document the accepted form of
names, titles, subjects, and genres which are acceptable
in a given catalogue or file. {D= ?; Es= ficha de autoridad;
F= fichier d'autorité}.
auto démagnétisation {F} * see self-demagnetization {E}.
auto effacement {F} * see self erasure {E}.
auto focus {E} * 1) For pitted optical digital media the
method used to maintain the focus of the objective lens on
the pit surface.(39.) 2) The process on some cameras by
which the focus is automatic. {D= ?; Es= 1) enfoque
automático; 2) mantenimiento de enfoque; F= autofocus;
à mise au point automatique}.
auto framing {E} * A feature in video production which
causes the top horizontal line of the incoming video and
the playback signal to be in the same field. {D= ?; Es=
convergencia automática; F= tramage automatique}.
auto tracking {E} * For optical digital media the method
used to maintain tracking of the LASER spot on the pit
track.(39.) {D= ?; Es= seguimiento [tracking] automático;
F= suivi de piste; pistage}.
autoborrado {Es} * see self erasure {E}.
autocatalítico {Es} * see autocatalytic {E}.
autocatalytic {E} * A self-sustaining decomposition process
of a chemical compound, often accompanied by a very
rapid release of energy.53. {D= autokatalytisch; Es=
20
autocatalítico; F= autocatalytique}.
autocatalytique {F} * see autocatalytic {E}.
autodesmagnetización {Es} * see self-demagnetization {E}.
autoexposición {Es} * see automatic exposure {E}.
autofocus {F} * see auto focus {E}.
autokatalytisch {D} * see autocatalytic {E}.
automatic data processing (ADP) {E} * 1) Automatic
operations, either by mechanical or electronic equipment,
permitting the rapid exploitation of large quantities of
data.22. 2 ) The preparing of information with the aid or
use of machines or computers. {D= Automatisierte
Datenverarbeitung (ADV); Elektronische
Datenverarbeiteung (EDV); Es= proceso de datos; proceso
de datos automático; F= traitement automatique des
donnés; traitement automatique informatique}.
automatic exposure {E} * In photographic processes,
exposure control by photoelectric means for maintaining
substantially constant exposure in the focal plane for a
range of field lumi-nance.(40.) {D= ?; Es= autoexposición;
F= exposition automatique}.
automatic frequency control (AFC) {E} * Electronic circuitry
which automatically controls the frequency of an oscillator.
{D= ?; Es= control automático de frecuencia; F= contrôle
automatique de fréquence}.
automatic gain control (AGC) {E} * The electronic circuit
which alters and adjusts the volume of the sound and/or
the brightness of a recorded picture to predetermined
levels.(35.) {D= automatische Aussteuerung: Es= control
automático de ganancia; F= contrôle automatique de
gain}.
automatic precision exposure system (apex system) {E} *
A method of photographic exposure rating. {D= ?; Es=
sistema preciso de exposición automática; F= système
d'exposition automatique de précision (système APEX)}.
automatic scan tracking {E} * An automatic means of
causing a video playback head to track the recorded
signals on tape. {D= ?; Es= barrido de seguimiento
automático; F= balayage de piste}.
automatic shutoff {E} * A special switch which
automatically stops equipment when a particular event
occurs (i.e., when the tape of a tape recording breaks or
runs out; when the temperature and/or relative humidity
reach a predetermined level).(50.) {D= ?; Es= desconexión
automática; F= arrêt automatique}.
automatic target control {E} * Electronic circuitry in which
the target voltage of a video vidicon tube is automatically
adjusted as a function of the scene brightness. {D= ?; Es=
control automático de la tensión [voltaje] del blanco; F=
contrôle automatique de tension de la cible}.
Automatic Cassette Recorder {D;E;Es;F} * A video tape
recorder made by Ampex which utilized a 2" quadruplex
videotape housed in a cassette for rapid play and cue.
RCA competed in this market with its own TCR cassette
which is not interchangeable.
automatische aussteuerung {D} * see automatic gain
control (AGC) {E}.
automatisierte Datenverarbeitung (adv) {D} * see
automatic data processing (ADP) {E}.
autorización de consulta {Es} * see a field {E} * In CD-ROM
mode 1, a 288 byte field used for extended EDC/EDU. In
CD-OM mode 2, a 280 byte field of user data.(39.) {D= ?;
Es= campo de datos auxiliar; F= champ de données

auxiliaires}.
available-light photography {E} * A camera technique
which uses no extra, artificial illumination beyond that
present in the scene being photographed.(30.) {D= ?; Es=
fotografía con la luz ambiental disponible; F= photographie
à la lumière naturelle}.
avance (cine) {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.
avance {Es} * see trailer {D;E}.
avance de sincronización {Es} * see sync advance {E}.
avance rapide {F} * see fast forward {E}.
avance rápido {Es} * see fast forward {E}.
avance son {F} * see sync advance {E}.
avant tître {E;F} * In library usage, other title information
introducing the title proper and occurring above the item's
title proper on the prescribed source of information for the
title and statement of responsibility.12. {D= ?; Es= formato
de títulos}.
avant-garde {E;F} * 1) Something which employs new,
original techniques and experimental approaches. 2) In
motion pictures, the first experimental movement which
began in Europe around 1920. {D= ?; Es= nueva ola}.
average gradient {E} * A measure of contrast of a photographic
image, representing the slope of a portion of a
characteristic curve.09. {D= ?; Es= gradiente medio; F=
gradient moyen}.
aviso {Es} * see cue {E}.
axe {F} * see axis; spindle {E}.
axe d'entraînement {F} * see straight edge {E}.
axial {F} * see abaxial {E}.
axis {E;Es} * In optics, an imaginary horizontal line passing
through the centre of every component part of an optical
system. {D= ?; F= axe}.
ayant droit {F} * see claimant {E}.
ayants droit {F} * see claimant {E}.
ayudante del realizador {Es} * see script girl {D;E;F}.
Azetat {D} * see acetate {E}.
Azetatfilm {D} * see acetate film {E}.
Azetatplatte {D} * see lacquer disc {E}.
Azetatträger {D} * see acetate base {E}.
Azetatträgerbasis {D} * see acetate base {E}.
Azeton {D} * see acetone {E}.
azimuth adjustment {E} * The adjustment of magnetic
record and/or reproducing head/s for exact alignment of
the head gap with a correctly recorded magnetic pattern.
Such adjustments are of prime importance for optimum
high frequency (for short wave length) performance and
recorder-to-recorder compatibility. The angle of the head
gap is so set to obtain optimum high frequency response
since misalignment of the gaps causes a loss in output at
short wavelengths. In analogue magnetic tape recording
the angle of the head gap is at right angles to the direction
of the tape travel. In several helical-scan video formats, as
well as in R-DAT, azimuth angles of adjacent track differ
(e.g., +/- 15°); see also head alignment.(04.07.16.46.50.)
21
{D= Spalteinstellung; Es= alineamiento azimutal; F=
réglage d'azimut; ajustement azimuth}.
azo dye {E} * A moderately transparent light-sensitive dye
used in diazo film.01. {D= ?; Es= colorante azoíco; F=
colorant azo}.
azul {Es} * see blue {E}.
azul de metileno {Es} * see methylene blue {E}.
b ---
b {E} * Abbreviation of Bel.
b picture {E} * When double feature motion pictures were
the rule, quick, cheap pictures were made to fill the double
bill. The equivalent today is the made-for-tv film.30. {D= ?;
Es= películas de serie B; F= image b}.
B reel {E} * TV production technique in which the main
source of video or film is designated as the "A" reel while
the secondary source is the "B" reel; see A-B roll. {D= ?;
Es= bobina B; F= source secondaire; bobine B}.
b-wind picture {E} * A manner of winding film or tape onto
a hub so that the coated surface faces away from the hub.
The image reads properly when viewed through the base
and projects properly with the emulsion towards the
screen, b-wind pictures are produced from normal
exposures in the camera on negative or reversal film; see
also a-wind picture. {D= ?; Es= filme de enrollado tipo b;
F= film avec enroulement extérieur; type b}.
b-wind printing {E} * see a and b wind printing.
b-wind raw stock {E} * A manner of winding a 16 mm roll of
raw stock, perforated along only one edge, so that when
the end of the film leaves the roll at the top and to the right
the perforations are away from the observer. Such film is
used for camera film, for making optical prints, and on bidirect-ional
printers; see also a-wind {raw stock}.(09.) {D=
?; Es= filme (material virgen) de enrollado tipo b; F= film
vierge avec enroulement extérieur}.
baby spot {E} * A low wattage spotlight, usually 400 watts
or less. {D= ?; Es= iluminación proyectada de baja
intensidad; F= (500 ou 750W); petit projecteur; projecteur
spot}.
bac {F} * see bin {E}.
bac à films {F} * see bin {E}.
back coating {E} * A thin conductive coating applied to the
magnetic side of magnetic tape to improve winding
qualities.(06.) {D= Rückseitenbeschichtung;
Rückseitenmattierung; Beschichtung; Es= revestimento
dorsal; F= couche dorsale; revêtement dorsal}.
-back film {E} * see anti-halation coating.
back porch {E} * The portion of the video signal during
horizontal blanking that follows the horizontal sync pulse
and continues to the beginning of active video. {D= ?; Es=
señal de vídeo; F= balayage retour}.
back projection {E} * Also called 'rear projection'. A
process in which a scene is projected from behind onto a
screen behind the actors so that it appears that the actors
are in a different setting. Back projection can save time
and money but is often rejected at present in favour of
front projection, a much more effective system.30. {D=
Hintergrund-Projektion; Es= proyección por transparencia;
F= projection arrière; projection par transparence}.
back rod (guide rod) {E} * A piece of equipment on the

ack side of several early cylinder machines on which the
recorder and/or reproducer apparatus pivoted. When
situated below or forward of the mandrel the back rod was
called the guide rod and, on later Edison machines, had an
oil groove cut into it. {D= ?; Es= varilla guía ; F= barre
guide}.
back-light {E} * Illumination of the subject from behind to
produce a highlight along its edge in a video production.
{D= ?; Es= iluminación a contraluz ; F= éclairage en
contre-jour}.
back-space editor {E} * A video edit controller that
generally controls two machines, a player and a recorder.
The back-space editor cues both machines ahead of an
edit point, rolls the machines together, and performs an
edit at a specified point. The accuracy of the back-space
editor is determined by either clock time, control track, or
time code signals. {D= ?; Es= controlador de editor de
vídeo; F= ?}.
back-to-back row/shelving {E} * Two rows or ranges of
shelving immediately adjacent to each other along their
long axis.22.23. {D= Doppelregal; Doppelreihen; Es=
estantería doble faz; F= épi double}.
background density {E} * The opacity of the noninformation
area of a microform; see also density.40. {D=
?; Es= densidad de fondo; F= densité de fond}.
backing {E} * 1) For magnetic recordings, the base on
which the magnetic oxide coating is carried. It gives
strength and permits flexibility, and its thickness ensures
that the physical separation of successive layers of the
magnetic coating in magnetic tape is sufficient to hinder
print-through. Common materials are acetate, polyvinyl
chloride, and polyester; paper was used in the early days
of tape. The base of a laminated disc is known as the
core.(04.16.) 2) For laminated disc recordings this backing
or base is known as the core, made usually of metal,
glass, or cardboard. 3) In photography, a) a dark layer
affixed to a film base in order to reduce halation or to
improve daylight loading characteristics of the film;
synonymous with antihalation coating, or b) the flexible
material, usually polyester or cellulose acetate, which is
used as the carrier for the emulsion; see also base
support. (01.16.){D= Träger; Trägerschicht; Es= soporte de
refuerzo; F= couche anti-halo; enduit; renforcement;
support (ruban)}.
backing removal {E} * Elimination, usually during
processing, of the antihalation backing coated on the base
side of many types of motion picture film. {D= ?; Es=
eliminación de la capa antihalo; eliminación del soporte de
refuerzo; F= élimination de la couche anti-halo;
enlèvement de reforcement}.
backlighting {E} * A photographic and moving-image
technique where the main source of light is behind the
subject, silhouetting it, directed towards the camera; see
also keylight; filler light.(30.) {D= Gegenlicht; Hintergrund-
Ausleuchtung; Es= contraluz; illuminación de contraluz; F=
contre-jour; décrochage; éclairage de fond; éclairage en
contre-jour}.
backup copy {E} * In broadcasting, a transmission quality
duplicate used as a safety copy in case of failure during
transmission; also known as stand by copy.(06.) {D=
Sicherheitskopie; Es= copia de seguridad; F= de
sauvegarde; de securité}.
Bad {D} * see bath {E}.
baffle {E;F} * The panel on which most audio sound
system speakers are mounted, usually the front panel of
an enclosure.50. {D= ?; Es= pantalla acústica; F= écran
acoustique}.
22
bafle reflector de bajos {Es} * see bass reflex speaker
enclosure {E}.
baie {F} * see bay {E}.
bain {F} * see bath {E}.
bain d'arrêt {F} * see stop bath {E}.
baja frecuencia {Es} * see low frequency {E}.
baja resolución {Es} * see low resolution {E}.
bajo contraste {Es} * see low contrast {E}.
Bakelite {D;E;Es;F} * A synthetic resin developed in the
early part of this century and widely used as a substitute
for hard rubber or celluloid. It was used in the production
of some phonograph records, and is almost identical to
Condensite used by Edison in the coating of his Diamond
Discs.04.
balance {Es} * see offset {E}.
balance de couleur {F} * see colour balance {E}.
balance stripe {E} * The narrow strip of magnetic material
running lengthwise along the opposite edge from the
soundtrack on a piece of magnetic stripe motion picture
film. The purpose of such a band is to ensure that the film
is the same thickness at both edges so that it winds evenly
onto the reel. It is sometimes used to record half of a
stereo soundtrack. {D= ?; Es= pista de balance
[compensación]; F= piste de compensation}.
balayage de piste {F} * see automatic scan tracking {E}.
balayage de trame {F} * see field per scan {E}.
balayage entrelacé {F} * see interlace scanning; interlaced
scan {E}.
balayage grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed scanning
{E}.
balayage mécanique {F} * see mechanical scanning {E}.
balayage segmenté {F} * see segmented scan {E}.
balayage vertical {F} * see field per scan {E}.
balda {Es} * see shelf {E}.
ball chart {E} * A video test chart used to adjust picture
linearity. Also called a linearity chart. {D= ?; Es= carta de
linealidad; F= charte d'étalonnage}.
balourd {F} * see imbalance {E}.
banco de datos {Es} * see data bank {E}.
band {E} * see cut {E}.
Band {D} * see magnetic tape; track; volume {E;F}.
Band mit geringem kopiereffekt- {D} * see low print tape
{E}.
Band mit hoher lopierdämpfung {D} * see low print tape
{E}.
Band-kopf-kontakt {D} * see head to tape contact {E}.
Band-kopf-kontaktprobleme {D} * see tape-to-head
separation changes {E}.
band-pass filter {D;E} * An electronic screen with a
characteristic to allow all frequencies between two

specified roll-off frequencies to pass and attenuate all
frequencies below and above. {Es= filtro de paso de
banda; F= filtre passe-bande}.
banda {Es} * see track {E}.
banda baja {Es} * see lowband (LB) {D;E}.
banda base {Es} * see baseband {E}.
banda de imagen {Es} * see visuals {E}.
banda de mezcla parcial {Es} * see mix-minus {E}.
banda de mezcla parcial realizada entre varias emisoras
de radio o TV locales (en EEUU) {Es} * see mix-minus-plus
{E}.
banda de música y efectos {Es} * music and effects track
{E}.
banda de música y efectos * see music and effects track
{E}.
banda de protección {Es} * see guard band {E}.
banda específica {Es} * see bandlimited {E}.
banda internacional de sonido {Es} * see music and effects
track {E}.
banda limitada {Es} * see bandlimited {E}.
banda magnética (específicamente) {Es} * see magnetic
tape {E}.
banda magnética (genéricamente) {Es} * see magnetic
tape base {E}.
banda magnética {Es} * see magnetic tape {E}.
banda simple {Es} * see single track {E}.
banda sonora {Es} * see phonotape; soundtrack {E}.
banda sonora bilateral {Es} * see bilateral soundtrack {E}.
banda sonora de área variable {Es} * see variable-area
soundtrack {E}.
banda sonora de densidad fija {Es} * see variable-area
soundtrack; variable-density soundtrack {E}.
banda sonora internacional {Es} * see music and effects
track {E}.
Bandabhebung {D} * see tape lifter {E}.
Bandabrieb {D} * see loose debris {E}.
bandas (horizontales) por microfonía {Es} * see
microphonic bars {E}.
bandas {Es} * see bands {E}.
bandas de título {Es} * see intertitle rolls/title bands {E}.
Bandbegrenzt {D} * see bandlimited {E}.
Bandbreite {D} * see bandwidth {E}.
Banddeformation {D} * see crease {E}.
Banddicke {D} * see total thickness {E}.
bande {F} * see track {E}.
bande à particules métalliques {F} * see metal particle tape
(MP) {E}.
23
bande amorce {F} * see leader; leader tape {E}.
bande annonce {F} * see preview; trailer {D;E}.
bande audio à bobines libres {F} * see audio reel {E}.
bande audionumérique {F} * see digital audio tape (DAT)
{E}.
bande certifiée {F} * see certified tape {E}.
bande d'actualités {F} * see news film {E}.
bande d'alignement {F} * see alignment tape {E}.
bande de base {F} * see baseband {E}.
bande de microfilm {F} * see microfilm strip; unitized film
{E}.
bande de mixage partielle {F} * see mix-minus {E}.
bande de nettoyage {F} * see green tape {E}.
bande de référence d'amplitude normalisée {F} * see
standard amplitude reference tape {E}.
bande de référence normalisée {F} * see standard
reference tape {E}.
bande de réglage {F} * see alignment tape {E}.
bande faible bruit {F} * see low noise tape {E}.
bande faible effet de copie {F} * see low print tape {E}.
bande/film de nettoyage {F} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.
bande fréquentielle {F} * see frequency range {E}.
bande image {F} * see visuals {E}.
bande limitée {F} * see bandlimited {E}.
bande longue durée {F} * see extra play tape {E}.
bande magnétique {F} * see magnetic tape {E}.
bande magnétique audio {F} * see audio tape {E}.
bande magnétique numérique {F} * see DCT {E}.
bande master {F} * see master tape {E}.
bande mère {F} * see master {E}.
bande métal à évaporation {F} * see metal evaporated
tape (ME) {E}.
bande musique et effets sonores {F} * see music and
effects track {E}.
bande passante {F} * see bandwidth {E}.
bande perforée {F} * see punched paper tape {E}.
bande préenregistrée {F} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.
bande son {F} * see audio tape; phonotape; soundtrack;
track {E}.
bande son de mixage {F} * see music and effects track {E}.
bande témoin {F} * see control strip {E}.
bande video {F} * see videotape {E}.
bande vidéo de première génération {F} * see firstgeneration
videotape {E}.

ande vidéo master éditée {F} * see edited master
videotape {E}.
bande vidéo originale {F} * see camera original videotape
{E}.
bande vierge {F} * see blank tape {E}.
Bande numérique composante {F} * see Digital
Component Tape {E}.
bandeaux {F} * see bands {E}.
Bandende {D} * see tail {E}.
bandera {Es} * see flag; gobo (2) {E}.
bandera {Es} * see gobo {E}.
Bandfehler {D} * see bands {E}.
Bandführung {D} * see flange {E}.
Bandführungen {D} * see tape guides {E}.
Bandgeschwindigkeit {D} * see tape speed {E}.
banding {E} * A video aberration which results from
improper adjustment of a 2 inch quadruplex videotape
machine. It appears as wide horizontal bands in the
picture. {D= ?; Es= efecto persiana; F= effet de persienne;
effet de bande}.
Bandklebemaschine {D} * see tape splicer {E}.
Bandkopf {D} * see head {E}.
Bandkräuseln {D} * see edge curl {E}.
bandlimited {E} * A signal occupying a defined and finite
frequency band.39. {D= bandbegrenzt; Es= banda
específica; banda limitada; F= bande limitée}.
Bandrauschen {D} * see hiss {E}.
bands {E} * Stresses in tape and film materials that are
parallel to the edge of and run the full length of tape/film.
An item with this problem may have multiple bands across
its width; not a problem with helical tape recordings.(06.)
{D= Bandfehler; Es= bandas; F= bandeaux;
longitudinales}.
Bandspieler {D} * see tape player {E}.
Bandteller {D} * see platter {E}.
Bandträgermaterial {D} * see magnetic tape base {E}.
Bandtransport {D} * see tape transport {E}.
Bandwickel {D} * see tape pack {E}.
bandwidth {E} * 1) The range between lower and upper
limiting frequencies; the width of a band of fre-quencies.
Also, the maximum amount of information (e.g., Bits)
needed for transmission or storage.39. {D= Bandbreite;
Es= ancho de banda; F= bande passante; largeur de
bande de fréquences}.
Bandzählwerk {D} * see tape index counter {E}.
Bandzugmeßgerät {D} * see tentelometer {E}.
Bandzugwaage {D} * see tentelometer {E}.
banque de données {F} * see data bank {E}.
baño {Es} * see bath {E}.
24
baño de eliminación {Es} * see strip (2) {E}.
baño de paro {Es} * see stop bath {E}.
baño de plata en seco {Es} * see wet silvering {E}.
baril à titres .{F}. see drum .{E}.
baril à titres {F} * see drum {E}.
barn doors {E} * 1) In photography and moving-image
production, 'blinders' placed on lights to direct the flow of
the light in a certain direction.30. 2) In video production,
black hinged panels or shutters (which open and close like
barn doors) attached to the front of a lamp fixture to control
the spread of the light beam. Barn doors come in both 2
door and 4 door configurations. Also referred to as snoots
(or snouts). barrel distortion. A video aberration that makes
the image appear to bulge outward on all sides like a
barrel. {D= Scheinwerfertor; Es= paneles articulados;
doble pantalla opaca; F= coupe-flux; volets réglables;
volets articulés; défaut vidéo (snouts; snoots); écran
opaque}.
barnizado de cobalto {Es} * see cobalt doping {E}.
barra roscada {Es} * see feed screw {E}.
barras de color {Es} * see colour bars {E}.
barre {F} * see crease {E}.
barrel distortion {E} * image misrepresentation in any of the
photographic or video processes caused by uncorrected
lenses or because of the relationship between the
diaphragm and lens elements. With the diaphragm
positioned in front of the lens, the lines form a rectangular
bulge outward. Positioned behind the lens, the same lines
lean towards the centre of the rectangle. A square appears
barrel shaped, compressed towards the corners. {D= ?;
Es= distorsión en tonel; F= aberration en barillet; effet
tonneau?}.
barrel markings {E} * Imprints on lens mountings that
indicate the focal length of the lens, as well as its serial
number and the name of its manufacturer. {D= ?; Es=
impresión que lleva la montura del objetivo; F= marquage
sur le barillet}.
barrel organ cylinder {E} * A mechanical sound carrier in
the form of a cylinder studded with pegs which, when
revolved, triggers a series of valves that admit air from a
bellows to a series of pipes. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= orgue à
cylindre}.
barres de ronflement {F} * see hum bars {E}.
barres horizontales {F} * see horizontal (hum) bars {E}.
barres microphoniques {F} * see microphonics {E}.
barrette {F} * see strip {E}.
barrido de seguimiento automático {Es} * see automatic
scan tracking {E}.
barrido vertical {Es} * see vertical blanking {E}.
base {E;Es;F} * 1) The carrier upon which something is
mounted or built. 2) A wooden or metal block upon which
a printing plate is mounted. 3) In film, the transparent
support, generally either cellulose nitrate, cellulose
acetate, or polyester, on which the photographic emulsion
of a film is coated.(09.) 4) In magnetic tape and disc, the
backing on which the magnetic oxide coating is carried.
Common base materials are cellulose acetate, polyvinyl
chloride, and polyester.(04.) 5) In laminated disc
recordings, the backing upon which the laminate or

ecording surface is carried, most often metal, glass,
paper, or pressed wood flour; see also backing; base
support; radix; film base. {D= Trägerschicht; Schichtträger;
Es= soporte; F= support}.
base {Es} * see pedestal; radix {E}.
base {F} * see toe {E}.
base case {E} * The minimum system that may bear the
CD-I name; those systems containing specifications
beyond the current CD-I specifications are known as CD-
IX.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= mínimo sistema que puede llamarse
CD-I; F=}.
base de datos {Es} * see data base {E}.
base de données {F} * see data base {E}.
base density {E} * see fog level.
base film backing (in recording tape) {E} * see backing.
base plus fog {E} * see minimum density.
base support {E} * see base.
base-light {E} * Uniform, diffuse illumination used to
establish a sufficient ambient level of light for quality type
television and film pickups. {D= ?; Es= iluminación base
[básica]; F= éclairage de base}.
baseband {E} * 1) An aural transmitter input signal
between 0 and 120 kHz. 2)The band of frequencies to be
superimposed (modulated) upon a carrier wave. 3) The
frequencies used for local area network (LAN)
transmission in the U.S.10. {D= ?; Es= banda base; F=
bande de base}.
baseline reflectivity {E} * The reflectivity of unwritten, ungrooved
optical media.46. {D= ?; Es= reflectancia del nivel
de base; F= réflexivité du disque vierge}.
basic input/output system {E} * In some computer
operating systems the part of the programm that
customizes the system to a specific computer. {D= ?; Es=
sistema de entrada-salida base; F= système entrée/sortie
de base}.
básica {Es} * see base-light {E}.
Baßlautsprecher {D} * see woofer {E}.
bass boost {E;F} * An accentuation of lower audio
frequencies in audio recording or rerecording, normally
provided by an equalizer or tone control. This is a
questionable practice in archival rerecording.04. {D=
Bassanhebung; Es= acentuación de graves; acentuación
de las bajas frecuencias; F= système de renforcement des
basses}.
bass reflex speaker enclosure {E} * Type of extension
loudspeaker cabinet whose design employs a 'port' or
opening which greatly reinforces the bass, yet requires a
relatively small cabinet.(16.) {D= Bassreflexgehäuse; Es=
altavoz [bafle] reflector de bajos; F= enceinte bass-reflex}.
Bassanhebung {D} * see bass boost {E}.
basse fréquence ? (vidéo quadruplex) {F} * see lowband
(LB) {D;E}.
basse fréquence {F} * see low frequency {E}.
basse résolution {F} * see low resolution {E}.
Bassreflexgehäuse {D} * see bass reflex speaker
enclosure {E}.
25
bassy {E} * see boomy.
bastidor {Es} * see chassis; rack {E}.
bastidor en el que se monta la gasa difusora {Es} * see
scrim frame {E}.
batch {E} * Materials (e.g., film, magnetic tape, etc.)
manufac-tured at the same time and stamped with the
same control marks (numbers, etc.), if the manufacturer
uses such identifications, to indicate that each item has the
same physical characteristics (e.g., tensile strength,
colour, weight, thickness, light sensitivi-ty, etc.). {D=
Charge; Es= materiales fabricados a la misma vez; F= lot}.
bath {E} * Generic term for a solution in which film is
immersed during the several stages of processing, e.g.,
developing, fixing, bleaching, washing. {D= Bad; Es= baño;
F= bain}.
batiente {Es} * see batten {E}.
battement {F} * see flicker {E}.
batten {E} * Horizontal pipe on which luminaries or scenery
can be hung in a film or video production studio. {D= ?;
Es= batiente; F= herse.}.
battery operated psychrometer {E} * A psychrometer which
includes a built-in battery operated fan and motor. It works
on the same principle as the sling psychrometer, except
that a small electric motor and fan produces the required
airflow across the two bulbs. It is more accurate than the
manually operated sling psychrometer.(07.) {D= ?; Es=
psicrómetro de pilas ; F= psychromètre autonome}.
baud {E;Es;F} * A unit used to measure the number of
binary units of information transmitted per second.10. {D=
Baud}.
baud rate {D;E;Es;F} * The transmitted data rate in bits per
second (baud).39.
Baud {D} * see baud {E;Es;F}.
bavures {F} * see bleed {E}.
bay {E} * A unit of shelving, single or double-sided,
consisting of horizontal shelves between standards,
uprights or upright frames; also called a
compartment.22.23. {D= Regaleinheit; Regal; Stange; Es=
estante; F= travée; baie}.
BBC en 1955) {F} * see VERA {E}.
BCD {E;F} * acronym for binary-coded decimal numbers.
{D= ?; Es= ?}.
beaded screen {E} * A white plastic or canvas screen used
for projection. The surface has tiny glass beads or globes
embedded in it. Highly directional, this type of screen
provides a relatively brilliant image for the viewer seated at
an angle of approximately 15 degrees from the screen's
center. Beaded screens are particularly effective in narrow
rooms and are of great value for narrow gauge film
projection when the light source is weak. {D= ?; Es=
pantalla cristalizada [perlada]; F= écran perlé; nacré}.
beam {E} * 1) A ray, or group of parallel rays, of light or
other radiation. 2) The LASER light used in an optical
system to write and/or read to/from an optical storage
device and to provide for focusing and tracking.(39.) {D=
Strahl; Lichtbahn; Es= rayo de luz; haz de luz; F= faisceau;
rayon}.
beam splitter {E} * The arrangement of prisms in cameras,
optical printers, and projection systems that make it
possible to divide or split a beam of light. {D= ?; Es=

divisor [separador] de haz; F= lame semi-transparente;
bloc séparateur de faisceaux lumineux}.
Bearbeitung {colour} {D} * see additive colour {E}.
Bearbeitung {D} * see additive {E}.
beater mechanism {E} * The pull-down mechanism used
in simple, narrow gauge motion picture film projectors. {D=
?; Es= dispositivo proyector de películas sencillo; F= ?}.
becule (de la película) {Es} * see loop {E}.
Befeuchter {D} * see humidifier {E}.
Befeuchtung {D} * see humidification {E}.
Begasung {D} * see fumigation {E}.
Begleitmaterial {D} * see accompanying material {E}.
Behälter {D} * see box {E}.
Beiheft {D} * see booklet {E}.
Bel (b) {D;E;Es;F} * A unit of energy for measuring the
relative volume of sound. It is equal to 10 deciBels. The
unit of measurement was named after Alexander Graham
Bell.
Beleuchtung {D} * see lighting {E}.
Belichtung {D} * see exposure {E}.
Belichtungsmesser {D} * see exposure meter {E}.
Belichtungsschleier {D} * see fog {E}.
Bell & Howell perforation {E} * A particular design of
perforation on 35 mm motion picture film that has flat top
and bottom and curved sides and is usually used for 35
mm negative and duplicating materials only not for release
prints. {D= ?; Es= perforaciones Bell & Howell; F=
perforations arrondies; (perforations Bell & Howell)}.
belop {E;F} * A video production process in which 3"x5"
photographs and opaque art cards were transferred to
video through a video camera. Some belop machines
inclose 2 banks and a mechanism to produce a video
dissolve. Also referred to as a belop machine. Some
belops incorporates a metal strip for transport of the
materials while others used a wire frame. {D= ?; Es=
transferencia de fotografías a vídeo}.
belt {E} * A narrow, pliable, endless band used to transfer
motion from one wheel to another. {D= ?; Es= transmisión
por correa; F= courroie de transmission}.
Benützbarkeit {D} * see access {E}.
Benützer {D} * see reader; user {E}.
benützerfreundlich {D} * see user friendly {E}.
Benützung-sverfilmung {D} * see reference microfilming
{E}.
Benützungsbeschränkung {D} * see restricted access {E}.
berceau (fixation des microfilms) {F} * see cradle {E}.
Bericht {D} * see record {E}.
Berlinerschrift {D} * see lateral cut {E}.
Berlinerschrift-Aufnahme {D} * see lateral recording {E}.
Beschädigung {D} * see deterioration {E}.
26
Beschichtung {D} * see back coating; coating {E}.
beschleunigte Alterung {D} * see accelerated ageing {E}.
bespielter Tonträger {D} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.
bespietes Band {D} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.
Bestellschein {D} * see production ticket {E}.
Bestellzettel {D} * see production ticket {E}.
beta cellulose {E} * see hemicellulose.
Betacam {F} * see BetaCam {D;E;Es;F}.
Betacam SP {F} * see BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F}.
BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F} * Identical to BetaCam with the
addition of utilizing SP metal videotape for improved
performance. {F= BétaCam SP}.
Bétacam numérique {F} * see digital BetaCam {E}.
BetaCam {D;E;Es;F} * A Sony ½" helical cassette
videotape format which was originally designed for EFP
(Electronic Field production) work. Became widely adopted
for production and broadcast use. BetaCam is a
component analogue process which separates the colour
information into R-Y and B-Y signals. It uses separate
luminance and chrominance tracks. BetaCam record
decks accept input analogue signals internally. They will
output either component or composite analogue. There are
four audio channels; two longitudinal on the edge of the
videotape. Two AFM (Audio Frequency Modulation) tracks
are recorded with the video in the center of the videotape.
Time code is recorded as a separate longitudinal track. An
upgrade of BetaCam is the BetaCam SP format. {D= ?;
Es= ?; F= ?}.
BetaCam digital {Es} * see digital BetaCam {E}.
BetaCam SP {D;E;Es;F} * A professional analogue video
recording format using component coding whose recording
medium is a cassette housed ½-inch oxide tape.(10.06.)
{F= Bétacam SP}.
BetaCart {D;E;Es;F} * A videocassette that is designed
for use in a Sony Betacam system.(10.).
Betamax {F} * see BetaMax {D;E;Es}.
BetaMax {D;E;Es;F} * Sony's entry into the ½-inch
consumer videocassette market that produced better
quality video with stereo audio. The small cassettes could
record over five hours at their slowest speed. However, the
format was eclipsed in the consumer market by the VHS
format. However, the BetaMax format proved to be a
testing ground for several technical innovations in the
professional market. It was improved upon and ultimately
lead to the BetaCam format.
Betriebsbedingungen {D} * see operating environment {E}.
Beweiswert {D} * see evidential value {E}.
Bewerter {D} * see evaluator {E}.
bewertete Rauschspannung {D} * see weighted noise {E}.
Bewertung {D} * see evaluation {E}.
Bewertungskurve {D} * see weighting characteristic {E}.
Bezug- {D} * see reference {E}.
Bezugfläche {D} * see reference plane {E}.

Bezugsband {D} * see alignment tape; standard amplitude
reference tape; standard reference tape {E}.
Bezugsebene {D} * see reference plane {E}.
Bezugsquelle {D} * see reference source {E}.
bi-piste {F} * see two track; two track recording {E}.
bias {E} * A high frequency signal or current, several times
that of the highest frequency to be recorded, added
intentionally during recording of analogue magnetic
recordings to compensate for the inherent nonlinearity of
magnetic systems; essential to optimize recording quality
and to minimize distortion; results in a signal of low
distortion and a considerable increase in the signal-tonoise
ratio. Mostly vanishes from the tape soon after
recording by a process of self-demagnetization.(04.16.)
{D= Hochfrequenzvormagnetisierung; Vormagnetisierung;
Es= ?; F= prémagnétisation; polarisation}.
biauditivo {Es} * see binaural {E}.
biauricular {Es} * see binaural {E}.
bibliographic description {E} * A set of bibliographic data
recording and identifying an item.12. {D= ?; Es=
descripción bibliográfica; F= description bibliographique}.
biblioteca de planos (de fotos) {Es} * see library shot {E}.
bicarbonate de magnésium {F} * see magnesium
bicarbonate {E}.
bicarbonato magnésico .{Es} * see magnesium
bicarbonate .{E}.
bicarbonato magnésico {Es} * see magnesium bicarbonate
{E}.
bilateral soundtrack {E} * A symmetrical, variable-area
optical soundtrack on motion picture film. The central axis
and surrounding modulated area are transparent in the
print, whereas in the equally common duplex track they are
opaque. {D= ?; Es= banda sonora bilateral; F= piste
sonore à densité fixe}.
Bild {D} * see frame; image {E;F}.
Bild-Negativ {D} * see picture negative {E}.
Bildarchivgut {D} * see audiovisual archives/records data;
iconographic archives {E}.
Bildband {D} * see filmstrip {E}.
Bildbühneneinstellung {D} * see framing {E}.
Bilddokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records
data {E}.
Bilddokumente {D} * see iconographic archives {E}.
Bilddokumentenarchiv/es {D} * see iconographic archives
{E}.
Bildeindruck {D} * see artifact; aspect ratio {E}.
Bilder je Sekunde {D} * see frames per second (FPS) {E}.
Bildfeld {D} * see framing {E}.
Bildfenster {D} * see aperture; frame {E}.
Bildfensterplatte {D} * see aperture plate {E}.
Bildkopie {D} * see visuals {E}.
27
Bildkorrektur {D} * see image enhancement {E}.
Bildmuster {D} * see rushes {E;F}.
Bildplatte {D} * see optical disc {E}.
Bildpunkt {D} * see picture element (PIXEL) {E}.
Bildröhre {D} * see picture tube {E}.
Bildstricheinstellung {D} * see framing {E}.
billboard {E} * A moving-image industry term for credits.
{D= ?; Es= cartelera; F= panneau d'affichage}.
bin {E} * 1) A container for loose motion picture film,
placed in cutting rooms and other rooms where film is
handled. Frequently constructed of metal with a canvas
insert. 2) One portion of a video carrousel in a
cassette/carrousel videotape playback machine. {D= ?;
Es= recipiente; porción de una vídeocinta; F= bac;
panneau d'affichag; chutier; bac à films; casier de
rangement; réservoir}.
binaire {F} * see binary {E}.
binär {D} * see binary {E}.
binario {Es} * see binary {E}.
binary {E} * A condition in which there are two possible
states, for example, the binary number system (base 2)
using the digits 0 (i.e., zero) and 1 (i.e., one).(38.) {D=
binär; Es= binario; F= binaire}.
binary digit (BIT) {E} * 1) A unit of information. 2) The
smallest amount of digital information which can be stored;
can be only one of two pieces of data: a 0 or a 1. 3) As
applied to magnetic recording it represents one recorded
information cell.(04.10.46.) {D= ?; Es= dígito binario; F=
bit; chiffre binaire}.
Binary-Coded Decimal numbers (BCD) {E} * A computer
term referring, in a time code editing system, to the means
by which time code is transferred from one part of the
system to another. {D= ?; Es= dígito decimal codificado
binariamente; números de dígitos decimales codificados
binariamente; F= nombres décimaux codés binaires;
(BCD)}.
binaural {E;F} * In sound recording, a sound system
consisting of two microphones at the point of sound
pickup, placed in the same relationship to each other as
the ears of a listener. The microphones are connected to
separate amplifiers and transmit the sound to the listener
through headphones. Each headphone is connected to its
own amplifier. True binaural sound cannot be achieved
with loudspeakers, only headphones. When loudspeakers
are used it is two-channel stereophonic sound.(04.) {D=
kopfbezogene Stereophonie; Es= biauricular; biauditivo}.
binaural recording {E} * see binaural.
Bindemittel {D} * see binder {E}.
binder {E} * 1) A material used to cause other materials to
bond, or adhere, such as to cause the cellulose acetate
surface of acetate/lacquer discs to adhere to their base. 2)
An adhesive substance, usually liquid or molten in form,
used to create adhesion between aggregates, globules,
etc. It is distinguished from an adhesive in that it performs
an internal adhesive function rather than a surface
adhesion function.(04.45.) 3) In magnetic tape recording,
a compound consisting of organic resins used to bond the
oxide particles to the base material. The actual
composition of the binder is considered proprietary
information by each magnetic tape manufacturer. Such a
binder is required to be flexible and still maintain the ability
to resist flaking or shedding binder material during
extended wear passes.(46.) 4) An enclosure used to hold

pages together. {D= Bindemittel; Es= adhesivo;
aglomerante; F= liant}.
binloop {E} * A four-track audio tape loop used in the highpeed
duplication of audio tape recordings. {D=
Endlosschleife; Es= lazo de cinta magnetofónica; F= ?}.
BIOS {E} * acronym for basic input/output system.
bipack {E;Es} * 1) The use of two films in a camera at the
same time so as to expose both simultaneously. 2) A
contact printing technique for film materials wherein an
already processed film is printed onto a fresh roll of film. 3)
The combining of an already processed film with animation
art work to produce a composite without the use of an
optical printer.10. {D= ?; Es= película bicapa [de dos
capas]; F= châssis double (photo); duplication par contact
(film); film bipack; surimpression}.
bit {E;Es;F} * 1) Abbreviation for binary digit. see also byte;
binary digit (BIT) {E}. 2) A brief apperance by a
performer.10 * {D= ?; Es= F= 1) élément binaire; bit 2)
petit rôle; rôle secondaire}
bit density {E} * see packing density.
bit error rate (BER) {E} * 1) In high-density digital
recording, the number of mistakes a specific item may
contain; expressed in error per data bit, such as one in ten,
or one error in one million data bits; see also error.(46.) 2)
The number of bits processed before an erroneous bit is
found or the frequency of erroneous bits.(39.) {D=
Bitfehlerrate; Es= proporción de errores en los bits;
frecuencia de errores; F= taux d'erreurs sur les bits}.
bit le moins significatif {F} * see least significant bit (LSB)
{E}.
bit le plus significatif {F} * see most significant bit (MSB)
{E}.
bit más significativo {Es} * see most significant bit (MSB)
{E}.
bit menos significativo {Es} * see least significant bit (LSB)
{E}.
bit rate {E} * The rate of frequency at which bits appear in
a bit stream.(39.) {D= Bitrate; Es= velocidad de
(transferencia) de bits ; F= débit (numérique)}.
bit stream {E} * A binary signal without regard to
grouping.39. {D= ?; Es= corriente de (transferencia) de
bits; F= flux de bits}.
Bit {D} * see bit {E}.
bites de usuario {Es} * see user bits {E}.
Bitfehlerrate {D} * see bit error rate (BER) {E}.
Bitrate {D} * see bit rate {E}.
bits par seconde {F} * see bits per second {D;E}.
bits per second {D;E} * The number of bits transmitted in
one second. {Es= bits por segundo; F= bits par seconde}.
bits por segundo {Es} * see bits per second {D;E}.
bits utilisateur {F} * see user bits; user friendly {E}.
black and white {E} * Monochromatic film, television or
video. {D= ?; Es= blanco y negro; monocromo; F= noir et
blanc; monochrome}.
black and white film {E} * Photographic film with an
emulsion layer that is incapable of reproducing colour
28
values. Brightness values are reproduced as whites,
blacks and intermediate shades of grey. {D= ?; Es=
película en blanco y negro [monocroma]; F= film achrome;
film noir et blanc; pellicule monochrome; noir et blanc}.
black burst {E} * A composite signal th a black video
signal. It is also known as Colour Black. {D= ?; Es=
estallido negro; color negro; F= noir codé}.
black compression {E} * The reduction in gain applied to a
video signal at a level corresponding to the dark areas in
a picture. The visual effect on a video monitor is reduced
contrast and loss of details in the low light portions of the
picture. {D= ?; Es= compresión del negro; F= compression
sur le noir}.
black hole {E} * A segment of a videotape where the video
signal has been purposefully omitted. The hole is created
for the later inclusion of material not currently available. An
example is a timed black hole into which a video
commercial will be inserted after all other production is
complete. Also referred to as a hole. {D= ?; Es= agujero
negro; F= espace réservé}.
black level {E} * The level of a video signal which
corresponds to the maximum limit of the black signal. {D=
?; Es= nivel del negro; F= niveau du noir}.
black level compression {E} * see analogue compression
{E}.
black light {E} * Neither black nor light, but radiation
invisible to human eyesight, such as ultraviolet. The name
is applicable since it is possible to see objects in the dark
by coating them with dyes which fluoresce when exposed
to this invisible radiation. Some manufacturers of cellulose
nitrate have marked their film with dyes visible under black
light, but it is an inconclusive test, since not all nitrate
based film is so marked. {D= ?; Es= luz negra; F= lumière
noire}.
black wax cylinder {E} * A currently applied term to identify
most moulded wax cylinders; see also Amberol cylinder;
Standard Record; Gold Molded {sic!}cylinder. (14.)[F=
cylindre de cire noire; D= Schwarzer Wachszylinder; Es=
cilindro de cera negra}.
black-video-black (BVB) {E} * A video preview mode of a
computer editor which displays black, the new video, and
then black. Also referred to VVV and VBV. {D= ?; Es=
BVB; F= noir-vidéo-noir (NVN)}.
blanc {F} * see blank {E}.
blanc maximal {F} * see peak white {E}.
blanchiment {F} * see bleaching {E}.
blanco {Es} * see mire {F}.
blanco y negro {Es} * see black and white {E}.
blank {E} * 1) Clear processed motion picture film onto
which colour images are transferred in the imbibition
process; the blank usually carries a soundtrack image in
black and white. 2) A disc or cylinder with its intended
playing surface clear of recorded signals. {D= Blank; Es=
1) película virgen; 2) disco virgen; F= vierge; blanc; vide;
inutilisé}.
blank groove {E} * A groove made in a recordings
(cylinder, disc, film, et al.) with no signal applied to the
cutter, hence it has no sound content; also known as
unmodulated groove.(04.) {D= Leerrille; Es= surco virgen;
F= sillon vierge; non modulé}.
blank tape {E} * Magnetic tape with no magnetization

applied, hence no signal, to be used for making a tape
recording.(04.) {D= Leerband; Es= cinta virgen; F= bande
vierge}.
Blank {D} * see blank {E}.
blanking {E} * A series of recurrent pulses of a video signal
which suppress the video display and allows the retrace of
the signal to occur unobserved. {D= ?; Es= borrado; F=
suppression; blocage; effacement}.
blanking level {E} * The level of a video which separates it
from the synchronizing pulse. {D= ?; Es= nivel de
supresión (del haz); nivel de borrado; F= niveau de
suppression; impulsions de synchro}.
blanking shutter {E} * In motion picture printing equipment,
an opaque device which can be introduced to the path of
the illumina-tion so as to cut off practically instantaneously
the exposure of the film being printed. {D= ?; Es=
obturador de borrado [cancelación]; F= cut par
éblouissement}.
blanqueado {Es} * see bleaching {E}.
blanqueo {Es} * see bleaching {E}.
blaugrün {D} * see cyan {E}.
bleaching {E} * A laboratory process in which a developed
silver image is converted into a silver salt. Bleaching
lightens an image and prepares it for the laboratory
processes that follow. It initiates many of the toning
processes in those film types where metal compounds are
needed to bring out the colour values of the image. The
process is also used to produce matrices that are used for
making colour prints. {D= Bleichen; Es= blanqueado
[blanqueo]; F= blanchiment; décoloration}.
bleed {E} * An effect, generally undesirable, caused by the
seepage of dyes to areas beyond those intended for them.
Where bleeding occurs, separation lines between colours
are usually soft, untrue with respect to colour, and, in other
ways, distracting and objection-able. {D= Abfärben; Es=
corrimiento de colour; F= bavures; franges {F; taches
colorées sur un document en papier; bavures; franges}.
bleed through {E} * The transparency of a superimposed
television picture.(10.) {D= ?; Es= sobreimpresión de
imagen; superposición transparente; F= bleed flou;
trouble; filage; au sénario sur pages bleues; d'images TV;
surimpression d'images TV}.
bleeding white {E} * A video aberration in which the white
areas of the picture flow irregularly into the black areas.
{D= ?; Es= franja del blanco; F= franges des zones
blanches de l'image vidéo; traînage des blancs}
blemish {E} * microscopically small reddish or yellowish
spots which may occur on silver-gelatin film during
storage. Redox (oxidation reduction) blemishes are caused
by local oxidation of image silver resulting in the formation
of the minute deposits of coloured colloidal silver. It is
generally believed that such flaws are caused by
deterioration of the film container.(07.) {D= ?; Es= mancha;
defecto; F= tache}.
Blende {D} * see diaphragm {E}.
BLER {E} * see block error rate {E}.
bleu {F} * see blue {E}.
bleu de méthylène {F} * see methylene blue {E}.
blimp {E} * 1) A semi-permanent sound proofing cover for
a moving--image camera. Many cameras are now selfblimped:
in other words, they are constructed of materials
which damp the sound of the camera mechanism.(30.) *(.
29
2) In a video field production, the acoustical sound
proofing portion of a power generator. {D= Blimp; Es=
cabina insonorizada; caja insonorizada; blindye acústico;
F= caisson d'insonorisation}.
Blimp {D} * see blimp {E}.
blindage {F} * see shield front {E}.
blindaje {Es} * see shield front {E}.
blindaje acústico {Es} * see blimp {E}.
blindye acústico {Es} * see blimp {E}.
blink {E} * A term describing a defect in film-to-film
copying, meaning a pulsing of all or part/s of of the image
of the copy, generally caused by a malfunction of the film
transport mechanism. {D= ?; Es= parapadeo; centelleo; F=
clignotements; fonction de clignotement}.
bloc {F} * see block {E}.
bloc de montage {F} * see edit block {E}.
bloc de montage collage{F} * see splicing block {E}.
bloc de tête (optique) {F} * see sled {E}.
bloc logique {F} * see logical block {E}.
bloc séparateur de faisceaux lumineux {F} * see beam
splitter {E}.
bloc-notes {F} * see note {E}.
blocage {F} * see blanking; jam {E}.
blocage par adhérence des spires {F} * see blocking {E}.
block {E} * data that is addressed or moved as a single
unit. A data block is composed of sets of words to
generate a data format. A typical block consists of data
words, parity words, subcode, and synchronization and
error correction words.39. {D= Blockfehlerrate; Es= bloque;
F= bloc}.
block error rate (BLER) {E} * The number of blocks at the
cl de-coder with one or more errors.39. {D= ?; Es=
proporción de errores en los bloques; F= taux d'erreur sur
les blocs}.
blocked pack {E} * Deformation of a circular form of a
magnetic tape pack in which the pack periphery feels
lumpy by touch. Can be caused by an edge curled tape
wound too loose; also known as wavy pack.(06.) {D=
Wicklungsschaden; Es= ondulado (cintas); F= déformation
de l'enroulement; due a l'enroulement}.
Blocken {D} * see blocking {E}.
Blockfehlerrate {D} * see block {E}.
blocking {E} * 1) An undesirable condition in which a dry
adhesive film is reactivated by heat, pressure, moisture,
etc., and adheres to a material in contact with it.45. Also
can occur in adjacent layers of materials in rolls or sheets.
2) The tendency for adjacent layers of film and/or tape on
a reel to stick together, usually due to long-term storage
under high humidity and temperature conditions.(04.) {D=
Schaden durch Schichtverklebung; Blocken; Es=
desprendimiento de oxido por presion; pegamiento; F=
blocage par adhérence des spires; par serrage; surcharge
de colle}.
bloom {E} * 1) A thin coating of transparent substance
applied to a glass surface to reduce the reflection of light
at the surface. A bloomed surface may reflect less than 1

percent of the incident light. Using bloomed surfaces in an
optical system diminishes reflected light from reaching the
image and reduces image contrast, ghost images or flare.
2) The excess powdery residue which may be shed from
magnetic tape coating. 3) Glare caused by reflection of
light into a camera lens. 4) The physical to the naked eye
appearance of mould and/or fungus. 5) Video malfunction
in which the picture tube image is horizontally and
vertically distorted in size when extremely bright highlights
of the scene are displayed. It appears that the white
images are de-focused. {D= ?; Es= 1) revestimiento para
reducir reflejos superficiales; 2) residuos de polvo de cinta
magnética; 3) reflejo de la luz que entra en un objetivo; 4)
florecimiento fúngico; 5) mal funcionamiento del tubopantalla
debido a una luz muy brillante; F= éclat; effet
d'éblouissament; 1) revêtement antireflet; 2) poudrette 3)
saturation de l'image vidéo 4); flou d'image vidéo; 5) éclat;
effet d'éblouissament; antireflet}.
bloop {E} * A small patch placed over a splice on the
soundtrack of a motion picture film to cover the noise of
the splice.(30.) {D= Tonblubbern; Es= empalme sonoro
defectuoso; F= bruit de collure; cloc de collage; zapon
(pour positif); poinçon (pour négatif); sonore défectueux}.
blooper {E} * see blooping hole.
blooping hole {E} * A perforation punched in a negative film
optical soundtrack in order to reduce the noise created by
a splice; sometimes called a blooper. {D= ?; Es=
perforación de la película con la banda sonora; F=
encoche; poinçon sur le film son négatif anti bruit de
collure}.
blooping ink {E} * Opaque liquid used on the section of a
posi-tive motion picture film splice in a soundtrack in order
to reduce the noise created as the splice passes over the
projector sound head. {D= ?; Es= líquido opaco; F=
zapon}.
blooping machine {E} * A piece of equipment designed to
punch out a blooping hole in a negative optical soundtrack,
or to apply a blooping patch on a positive track to silence
the passage of splices through an optical motion picture
film reproducing machine. {D= ?; Es= máquina perforadora
de la película con la banda sonora; F= machine à perforer
pour éliminer le bruit de collure}.
bloque {Es} * see block {E}.
bloque de empalme {Es} * see splicing block {E}.
bloque de montaje {Es} * see splicing block {E}.
bloque lógico {Es} * see logical block {E}.
bloque metálico de montaje {Es} * see edit block {E}.
bloqueo {Es} * see interlock
blow-up {E} * In transferring an image by means of an
optical printer, it is possible to enlarge a properly
proportioned frac-tion of the original image to full frame
size in the copy.(09.) {D= Einzelbildvergrösserung; Es=
ampliación de imagen; F= agrandissement; tirage optique
par agrandissement; ("gonflage" : 16 mm --> 35 mm)}.
blue {E} * l) Colloquial term for a certain duplicating
positive film of medium fine grain coated on a bluish-grey
coloured support; also called a lavender. 2) Used to
describe materials that are sexually explicit in content. {D=
?; Es= azul; F= bleu}.
blue backing {E} * A background used for producing the
mattes needed for special-effects photography. Used with
colour-blind or nonsensitive film, an object may be
photographed in front of this type of background for
subsequent super imposition over live-action scenes; see
also blue screen process. {D= ?; Es= fondo azul; F= fond
30
bleu}.
blue screen process {E} * A system of travelling matte
preparation in which the foreground action is photographed
against a uniformly illuminated blue background using
colour negative film in the camera. Light from the backing
thus exposes only the blue-sensitive layer of the film while
the foreground objects are recorded normally. By printing
from this negative with colour filters and combining the
resultant images, the required silhouette masks, or mattes,
are prepared which allow a dupe negative to be printed in
which the foreground action is combined with a normal
background scene. see also blue backing. {D= ?; Es=
proceso del fondo azul; F= cache contre-cache {F} see
fond bleu.; procédé fond bleu}.
blue wool light fastness standards {E} * Specially dyed
textiles are made in such a way that the more sensitive
standard textile will achieve just 'appreciable fading' in half
the time needed for the next most sensitive standard to do
so, and so on. The blue wool standards have been
adopted as an ISO standard. Eight specially prepared blue
dyed wool samples are supplied on a card. They are
chosen so that standard number 2 takes roughly twice as
long to be perceptibly faded as standard 1, standard 3
roughly twice as long as standard 2, and so on through to
standard 8. The measurement cannot give a good idea of
how much exposure to light the item to be tested will stand
in any given situation; see also light damage slide rule.53.
{D= ?; Es= pruebas de estabilidad de la lana azul
expuesta a la luz; F= normes de teinture bleue}.
Blue Amberol cylinder {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for
a standard size, moulded, blue dyed celluloid (ranging
from navy to sky blue), 4 minute cylinder sound recording
with a plaster filler to grip the mandrel. Manufactured by
the Edison Company from October 1912 until the company
ceased record production in 1929, such cylinders had the
identifying information printed in white, with some celebrity
records having gold or yellow lettering. The title end of
these cylinder was originally flat, since they were made
from the Amberol cylinder moulds, but this evolved to a
slightly rounded bevel. Information slips were announced
as being issued with each Blue Amberol, but they are
known to exist only for the first two years of production.
Some are of the opinion that the Blue Amberols with issue
numbers from about 5500 to the last allocated number
5732 are dubs from electrical recorded Diamond Discs;
see also Amberol.(14.)
Blue Book {D;E;Es;F} * A U.S.A. broadcasting program by
the U.S.A.'s Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
entitled Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast
Licencees; cats cover.(10.)
blues {E} * Added pages to a screenplay rewrite that are
indicated by being printed on light blue paper. {D= ?; Es=
papel de color azul claro; F= additif au sénario sur pages
bleues}.
blur {E} * In both still and moving-iamge work, and
indistinct image caused by vibration, poor focus, or any
unplanned movement of the camera, printer, or projector
or any of their parts, or by inconsistent alignment in the
printer gate of preprint and raw stock. {D= ?; Es=
desenfocado; flou; desenfocado de la imagen; F= flou;
trouble; filage}.
BNC connector{E} * acronym for Bayonet-Neill-
Concelman; the identifier of a professional connector used
to connect coaxial cable to electronic video equipment.
{D= ?; Es= conector BNC ; F= connecteur BNC}.
Bobby {D} * see core; hub {E}.
bobina {Es} * see roll (1); spool {E}.
bobina {Es} * see spool {E}.

obina a bobina {Es} * see reel to reel {E}.
bobina A {Es} * see A reel {E}.
bobina abierto {Es} * see open reel {E}.
bobina arrollamiento {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.
bobina B {Es} * see B reel {E}.
bobina chata {Es} * see pancake {E}.
bobina de inductancia {Es} * see inductor {E}.
bobina de inductancia {F} * see inductor {E;Es}.
bobina de pellizco {Es} * see pinch roller {E}.
bobina de presión {Es} * see pinch roller {E}.
bobina de recogida {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.
bobina de sincronización {Es} * see sync roll {E}.
bobina estándar {Es} * see standard roll {E}.
bobina móvil {Es} * see moving coil {E}.
bobina plana {Es} * see pancake {E}.
bobina receptora {Es} * see take-up reel {E}.
bobina tipo A {Es} * see type A reel {E}.
bobina tipo B {Es} * see type B reel {E}.
bobinado {Es} * see reel pack; reeling; wind {E}.
bobinado flojo {Es} * see loose pack {E}.
bobinado libre {Es} * see reel to reel {E}.
bobinado rápido {Es} * see fast wind {E}.
bobinage {F} * see reel pack; reeling {E}.
bobinage à moment constant {F} * see constant torque
wind {E}.
bobinage à tension constante {F} * see constant tension
wind {E}.
bobinage/enroulement à moment constant {F} * see
constant torque winding/spooling {E}.
bobinage rapide {F} * see fast wind {E}.
bobinas A/B {Es} * see A/B rolls {E}.
bobinas de producción {Es} * see production rolls {E}.
bobine {F} * see reel; roll; spool {E}.
bobine A {F} * see A reel {E}.
bobine B {F} * see B reel {E}.
bobine débitrice {F} * see feed reel {E}.
bobine démontable {F} * see flange {E}.
bobine démontable {F} * see flange {E}.
bobine enrouleuse {F} * see take-up reel {E}.
bobine libre {F} * see open reel; reel to reel {E}.
bobine mobile {F} * see moving coil {E}.
31
bobine réceptrice {F} * see take-up reel {E}.
bobine standard {F} * see standard roll {E}.
bobine sur noyau {F} * see pancake {E}.
bobine type A {F} * see type A reel {E}.
bobine type B {F} * see type B reel {E}.
bobines A/B {F} * see A/B rolls {E}.
bobines de production {F} * see production rolls {E}.
bobines ouvertes {F} * see open reel {E}.
boblaje {Es} * see dubbing {E}.
bocina {Es} * see horn {E}.
bocina de registro {Es} * see recording horn {E}.
body of the entry {E} * The portion of a catalogue record
which begins with the title (area 1) and ends with the
production, distribution, etc., area (area 4).12. {D= ?; Es=
cuerpo de entrada (catálogo); F= catalogue d'édition
discographique}.
Bogenlampe {D} * see arc lamp {E}.
boîte (pour film) {F} * see can {E}.
boîte {F} * see box; container; slitting {E}.
boîte à lumière {F} * see light box {E}.
boîte/carton de stockage de disques {F} * see records
centre container/carton {E}.
boîte d'archives {F} * see archives box/container {E}.
boîte pochette {F} * see slipcase {E}.
boîtier .{F} * see enclosure .{E}.
boîtier {F} * see case; container; enclosure; shell {E}.
bol {F} * see scoop {E}.
bolsa {Es} * see pocket {E}.
bolsillo {Es} * see pocket {E}.
bomba de sumidero {Es} * see sump pump {E}.
bombo {Es} * see magazine (1) {E;Es;F}.
bon de commande {F} * see production ticket {E}.
bone (the action of boning) {E} * To remove air bubbles,
and/or to smooth, flatten, and ensure adhesion between
two materials by rubbing with a flat tool made of bone or
plastic.(32.) {{F= livret; D= Beiheft; Es= ; F= lismall book,
usually a few pages with a paper cover}.
booklet {E} * A small book; usually a few pages with a
paper cover. {D= ?; Es= folleto; F= livret}.
boom {E} * l) The jib of a mobile camera mount which may
be raised above a set and projected out over it. 2) A
mobile, crane-like device to which the microphone is
attached during the moving-image production process.
Mounted on wheels, the boom can be moved from one
part of the set to another in order to follow the sound and
action of the scene.(09.30.) {D= Mikrofonkran; Es= brazo
de grúa; jirafa; pértiga; F= girafe; perche; grue}.
boomy {E} * Subjective description of a sound quality

which has resonances in the low frequencies; terms with
similar shades of meaning are tubby, bassy.(04.) {D= ?;
Es= calidad de sonido; F= son sourd; grondement;
bourdonnement; grave; caverneux; ?}.
booster {E} * In photographic processing, a popular term
for a replenisher solution in film processing, usually of
greater concentration than the circulating bath to which it
is added. {D= ?; Es= amplificador de refuerzo; F=
amplificateur; survolteur; suramplificateur; ?}.
bootleg {E;F} * The unauthorized recording, either audio,
still or moving-image, of a performance or session, either
on radio, television, studio, or live. Bootlegs do not usually
include such things as would make it a counterfeit (i.e.,
associated art work, label, trademark, or packaging of a
legitimate production); see also piracy. {D= Bootleg; Es=
grabación pirata}.
Bootleg {D} * see bootleg {E;F}.
boracic acid {E} * A chemical compound, soluble in water,
that is used by film laboratories in fine-grain developers
and in fixing baths; also known as boric acid; the
crystalline powder is white and can be used to extend the
life of fixers which contain potash alum. {D= Borsäure; Es=
ácido bórico; F= acid boracique}.
borax {E;Es;F} * A crystalline powder used in fine-grain film
developers. This comparatively weak alkali dissolves
readily when mixed in hot water. {D= Borax}.
Borax {D} * see borax {E}.
bord {F} * see edge {E}.
bord émoussé {F} * see edge roll/lift {E}.
borde de guía de sincronización {Es} * see leading edge of
sync {E}.
borde de una cinta magnética {Es} * see edge (3) {E}.
borde recto {Es} * see straight edge {E}.
bordereau {F} * see checklist {E}.
bords recourbés {F} * see edge curl {E}.
boric acid {E} * see boracic acid.
borrado {Es} * see blanking; erasing; wipe {E}.
borrado accidental {Es} * see accidental erasure {E}.
borrado espontáneo {Es} * see self erasure {E}.
borrado horizontal {Es} * see horizontal blanking {E}.
borrado selectivo {Es} * see selective erasure {E}.
borrador {Es} * see draft (1) {E}.
borrador instantáneo de rollos {Es} * see bulk eraser {E}.
borrar {Es} * see erase {E}.
Borsäure {D} * see boracic acid {E}.
BOT {E} * acronym for beginning of tape {E}.
boubier .{F} * see mire .{E}.
boucle de distribution {F} * see loop {E}.
boucle de masse {F} * see ground loop {E}.
boucle locale {F} * see local loop {E}.
32
boum {F} * see bump {E}.
bounce light {E} * Illumination that is reflected off ceilings
and walls to illuminate the subject indirectly.09. {D= ?; Es=
luz reflejada; F= lumière réfléchie; lumière indirecte; ?}.
bourdonnement {F} * see boomy; buzz; hum {E}.
bourrage {F} * see buckle; jam {E}.
bout-à-bout {F} * see rough cut {E}.
box {E} * 1) A container for various materials. 2) A
container that may be open at one end or completely
closed. 3) A multiple-disc set of audio or video
recordings.(04.07.) {D= Box; Karton; Schachtel; Behälter;
Köfferchen; Es= caja; cajita; 1) caja; 2) caja con abertura
en uno de sus extremos; 3) juego de discos múltiple; F=
boîte; carton; coffret}.
Box {D} * see box {E}.
boxy {E} * Subjective description of sound quality which
fails to create an impression of the space and ambience of
the original sound source and its environment; usually
applied to particularly small, ineffective speaker systems
with poor bass and off-axis response.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
descripción de la calidad de sonido; F= son "maîgre"}.
BPI {E} * acronym for bits per inch.
BPMM {E} * acronym for bits per millimetre.
br {D;E} * The chemical symbol of bromine. {Es= bromo;
F= Br; brome}.
Br {F} * see br {D;E}.
branch repository {E} * A subdivision or section of
archives, physically separate, responsible for the
acquisition, preservation, and communication of specified
archives.22.23. {D= Zweigarchiv; Aussenstelle; Filialarchiv;
Es= depósito complementario; depósito anejo; F= dépôt
annexe}.
Brandschutztüre {D} * see fire door {E}.
bras acoustique {F} * see tone arm {E}.
bras avec cellule {F} * see pickup {E}.
bras de lecture {F} * see pickup arm {E}.
bras de phonocapteur {F} * see pickup arm {E}.
bras de pickup {F} * see pickup arm {E}.
bras linéaire {F} * see straight line tracking {E}.
brauner Wachszylinder {D} * see brown wax cylinder {E}.
brayer {E} * A small roller used for applying pressure to an
encapsulated document in order to expel the entrapped air
and to seal the top and bottom sheets, usually polyester,
of the encapsu-lating container.(07.) {D= ?; Es= rodillo; F=
roulette; presseur}.
brazo de grúa {Es} * see boom {E}.
brazo de la aguja de un tocadiscos {Es} * see stylus bar
{E}.
brazo de tocadiscos o fonógrafo {Es} * see tone arm {E}.
brazo del fonocaptor {Es} * see pickup arm {E}.
brazo del tocadiscos {Es} * see pickup arm {E}.

azo fonocaptor {Es} * see tone arm {E}.
brazo portador {Es} * see carrier-arm {E}.
break up {E} * Any loss of sync which causes the video
picture to become unstable. {D= ?; Es= pérdida de
sincronización; F= instabilité; perte de synchronisation}.
breaking strength {E} * The breaking load or force,
expressed in kilograms/pounds per centimetre/inch,
required to rupture a material; see also tensile
strength.(45.) {D= Reißlast; Bruchlast; Es= prueba de
rotura por tracción; F= charge de rupture}.
breathing {E} * Slight movement of a motion picture film
along the optical axis during printing or projection, resulting
in variations in the sharpness of the image; see also
buckle. {D= atmen; Es= desenfoque momentáneo; F=
pompage}.
breezeway {E} * A portion of the horizontial blanking period
that goes from the end of the horizontal sync pulse to the
beginning of the colour burst signal in composite video.
{D= ?; Es= retorno de línea; F= retour ligne}.
Breitwand {D} * see widescreen {E}.
Brennenbene {D} * see focal plane {E}.
Brett {D} * see shelf {E}.
brickwall {E} * In referring to the slope of a filter, one which
has a steep attenuation. Some anti-aliasing and antiimaging
filters have brickwall characteristics.(39.) {D= ?;
Es= aspecto de muro de ladrillo; F= effet en "mur de
brique"}.
bridge {E} * A narrow platform suspended over the
production stage. Luminaries and projection devices
mounted on the bridge are accessible during performance.
2) An audio track laid into a videotape which is intended to
join two sound cuts and is usually covered with video. {D=
?; Es= 1) pasarela; 2) unión de dos cortes de sonido; F=
passerelle; pont}.
bridging shot {E} * In a moving-image production, a shot
used to cover a jump in time or place or other
discontinuity, such as falling calendar pages or railroad
wheels.(30.) {D= ?; Es= hacer una unión puente con
tomas de tiempos, lugares, etc. distintos; F= ?}.
bright {E} * A subjective expression that usually describes
a large amount of high frequency energy in an audio
recording or playback system or a sound reinforcement
system; sound which is too bright is considered to be
shrill.(04.) {D= ?; Es= brillante; F= lumineux; brillant}.
brightness {E} * A subjective term that indicates the
magnitude of the visual sensation produced by a source of
light. Contrast is the ratio of brightness between the
darkest and lightest sections of the image. {D= ?; Es=
luminosidad; F= luminosité; brillance}.
brightness range {E} * The relationship or ratio between
the lightest and darkest areas in a frame of processed film.
{D= ?; Es= nivel de luminosidad; F= rapport de brillance}.
brillance {F} * see brightness; brilliant {E}.
brillant {F} * see bright; brilliant {E}.
brillante {Es} * see bright; brilliant {E}.
brillanz {D} * see brilliant {E}.
brilliant {E} * A processed print, rich in quality. In prints
referred to as brilliant, the colours in the original subject
matter are faithfully reproduced, and detail is evident in
both dark and light areas. {D= brillanz; Es= brillo; brillante;
F= brillance; brillant; clair}.
33
brillo {Es} * see brilliant {E}.
brillo de pantalla {Es} * see screen brightness {E}.
brillo fotométrico {Es} * see luminance {E}.
brittle {E} * A condition of materials indicating a very low
fold endurance prior to breaking. {D= brüchig; spröd; Es=
frágil; quebradizo; F= fragile; cassant}.
brittleness {E} * That property of a material that causes it
to break or crack when deformed by bending.40. {D=
Brüchigkeit; Sprödheit Es= friabilidad; F= fragilité}.
broad light {E} * Soft, floodlight-type of illumination unit:
usually not focusable.09. {D= ?; Es= luz ambiente;
iluminación difuminada; F= projecteur d'ambiance; fragilit;
lumière diffuse}.
broadcast {E;F} * To transmit via an electronic signal via
radio or television; also known as radiocast for radio and
telecast for television.(12.) {D= Rundfunksendung; senden;
ausstrahlen; Funk; Funkübertragung; Es= emisión;
difusión; F= émission; diffusion; radiodiffusion}.
broadcast date {E} * The day, month, year, and, optionally,
also the time at which a radio or television programme was
broadcast in the country of origin.12. {D= Sendedatum;
Es= fecha de emisión; F= date de première diffusion dans
le pays d'origine}.
broadcast station {E} * 1) A complete assemblage of radio
or television equipment for transmitting or receiving. 2) The
name of a place where such a complete assemblage is
located. {D= Sender; Sendestation; Es= 1) emisora; 2)
nombre de su ubicación; F= station de radiodiffusion ou de
télédiffusion; émetteur; station émettrice}.
broadcast video U-matic {E} (BVU) * see U-matic h.
Brom {D} * see bromine (BR) {E}.
brome (Br) {F} * see bromine (BR) {E}.
brome {F} * see br {D;E}.
Bromid {D} * see bromide {E}.
bromide {E} * 1) A compound of bromine with another
element or radical. 2) Any of the salts used for
photographic purposes, potassium bromide or silver
bromide, for example. Bromides are made from bromine,
a brownish red, nonmetallic element. {D= Bromid; Es= 1)
bromuro; 2) cualquiera de sus sales; F= bromure}.
bromide drag {E} * A colloquial term that describes the
residue of bromides from the developing fluid left on film
after processing which can cause streaking. {D= ?; Es=
residuos de bromuro; F= dépôt; résidu de bromures}.
bromide film {E} * Sensitized photographic film with an
emulsion of silver bromide suspended in gelatin.01. {D= ?;
Es= película de bromuro; F= film au bromure; bromure}.
bromide paper {E} * Sensitized photographic paper with an
emulsion of silver bromide suspended in gelatin.01. {D= ?;
Es= papel al bromuro; F= papier au bromure; au gélatine
bromure}.
bromiding {E} * see bromide drag.
bromine (BR) {E} * A chemical element, usually a reddishbrown
corrosive liquid. {D= Brom; Es= bromo; F= brome
(Br)}.
bromo {Es} * see br {D;E}; bromine (BR) {E}.
bromochlorodifluormethane {E} * see halon 1211.

omotrifluoromethane {E} * see halon 1301.
bromure {F} * see bromide {E}.
bromure d'ammonium {F} * see ammonium bromide {E}.
bromure d'argent {F} * see silver bromide {E}.
bromure de potassium {F} * see potassium bromide (K)
{E}.
bromuro {Es} * see bromide (1) {E}.
bromuro amónico {Es} * see ammonium bromide {E}.
bromuro de plata {Es} * see silver bromide {E}.
bromuro potásico {Es} * see potassium bromide (K) {E}.
bronceado (aspecto de bronce) {Es} * see bronzing {E}.
bronzing {E} * The change to a purple-brown (bronze) tone
sometimes undergone by the blacks of bromide paper
prints due to inappropriate processing or faulty paper; also
known as pluming.05. {D= ?; Es= bronceado (aspecto de
bronce); F= brunissage}.
brosse à copeaux {F} * see chip brush {E}.
brouillon {F} * see draft {E}.
broutage {F} * see chatter {E}.
brown stain {E} * In magnetic recording, a discolouration of
the head top surface, usually a chemical reaction between
the head surface materials and either the tape binder, tape
lubricant, or head bonding materials. Its origin is not well
understood but is known to occur in the presence of low
humidity.46. {D= ?; Es= mancha de color marrón; F=
décoloration (de la tête magnétique)}.
brown wax cylinder {E} * The descriptive designation given
to a standard size, needle cut, brown coloured (ranging in
shades from deep brown, almost black, to light shades of
tan) wax 2 minute cylinder sound recording manufactured
by the Edison Company from 1889-1890 until the methods
of moulding cylinders was adopted in 1930. Edison
Concert Cylinders are not known to have appeared in a
form other than brown wax. Most of the brown wax
cylinders did not have any identification included as part of
the manufacturing process, but some are known to have
included paper bands or rings with such information. The
general brown wax cylinder was made of a combination of
metallic soaps with added wax and inorganic
stabilizers.(14.) {D= brauner Wachszylinder; Es= cilindro
de cera de color marrón; F= cylindre de cire brun}.
brüchig {D} * see brittle {E}.
Brüchigkeit {D} * see brittleness {E}.
Bruchlast {D} * see breaking strength; bursting strength
{E}.
bruit (de fond) d'ambiance {F} * see room noise {E}.
bruit {F} * see dynamic range; noise {E}.
bruit aléatoire {F} * see random noise {E}.
bruit ambiant {F} * see ambient noise {E}.
bruit au repos {F} * see quiescent noise {E}.
bruit blanc {F} * see white noise {E}.
bruit d'ambiance {F} * see presence {E}.
34
bruit d'aspérités {F} * see asperity noise {E}.
bruit d'interférence {F} * see motorboating {E}.
bruit de collure {F} * see bloop {E}.
bruit de fond {F} * see noise floor {E}.
bruit de fond {F} * see random noise {E}.
bruit de granulation {F} * see granulation noise {E}.
bruit de salle {F} * see room noise; room sound {E}.
bruit de surface {F} * see surface noise {E}.
bruit de tremblotement {F} * see dither {D;E}.
bruit de tremblotement {F} * see dither {D;E}.
bruit du système {F} * see system noise {E}.
bruit pondéré {F} * see weighted noise {E}.
bruitage {F} * see sound effects {E}.
bruitages {F} * see effects {E}.
bruitages {F} * see effects {E}.
brûlure d'écran {F} * see burned-in {E}.
Brumm {D} * see hum {E}.
brunissage {F} * see bronzing {E}.
Brut {D} * see vermin {E}.
BSI {E} * acronym for British Standards Institute.
BSI speeds {E} * The standards set by the British
Standards Institute for rating the speed of a photographic
emulsion; numerically similar to the ASA standards. {D= ?;
Es= velocidad BSI; F= vitesse BSI}.
bubble {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc
recordings; most often the result of faulty pressing.(04.)
{D= ?; Es= burbuja; F= bulle; cloque}.
Büchse {D} * see can {E}.
buckle {E} * 1) A curvature of film or magnetic tape due to
shrinkage of the edges while the material is rolled, usually
caused by storage at improper humidity. Temporary buckle
results from loss of moisture from the edges of the film or
tape when stored under dry air conditions; permanent
buckle is caused by loss of solvent from the edges of the
film or tape when stored under moist conditions. 2) Piling
up of film or tape in a camera, cassette, jacket or
magazine due to a transport malfunction.13. 3) In
magnetic tape, the deformation of the circular form of a
tape pack that may be caused by a combination of
improper winding tension, adverse storage conditions,
and/or poor reel and/or hub configuration.46. {D=
Filmschleife; krümmen; knicken; Verformung; Es= bucla
para la sincronización; abraquillado de película;
abarquillado de la película; F= bourrage; film déformé;
recourbé; en boucle; gaufrer}.
buckling {E} * Deformation of the circular form of a roll of
magnetic tape or film caused generally by a combination
of adverse storage conditions or improper winding tension.
Such deformation has a serious detrimental effect on the
quality of the signal during playback.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
deformación de la cinta magnética; F= gauchissement;
déformation circulaire}.
bucla para la sincronización {Es} * see buckle {E}.

ucle (de la película) {Es} * see loop {E}.
bucle para la sincronización {Es} * see buckle {E}.
buffer {E} * 1) In digital data, a memory used to provide
consistent rate of data flow, such as from an inconsistent
source. A crystal-clocked buffer virtually eliminates wow
and flutter in digital audio systems. 2) A substance capable
in solution of neutralizing both acids and alkalies and
thereby maintaining the original acidity or alkalinity of the
solution. 3) In film processing, a salt, sodium carbonate,
for example, which is used to keep a developing solution
at its proper degree of alkalinity. {D= 1) Pufferspeicher; 2)
Puffer; Es= 1) memoria intermedia; 2) sustancia
neutralizante; 3) producto para alcalinizar; F= 1) mémoire
tampon 2) substance neutralisante; 2) ?}.
buffering {E} * In the context of alkaline paper making, an
acid absorber or alkaline reserve, almost always calcium
carbonate; see also alkaline.02. see also alkaline.02. {D=
puffern; Es= reserva alcalina; F= alcalin}.
Bühne {D} * see set {E}.
buildup {E} * 1) In motion picture film editing, sections of
leader which are used to replace missing pieces of picture
and soundtrack during the editing process. The purpose of
such leader is to maintain synchronism or to keep a shot
at its correct length for subsequent negative cutting. 2) In
magnetic recording, the accumulation of debris and
magnetic particles deposited by magnetic tape on the
heads of a tape recorder, causing head/tape separation
and an increase in friction. Solvent cleaning of the tape
recorder heads will usually remove such buildup.(04.) 3) In
film projection, accumulated scrapings of emulsion and dirt
on the motion picture film gate. 4) In the film laboratory, a
term indicating increases in density caused by the release
of metallic silver in negative or print material during
processing. {D= 1) ?; 2) Abrieb ablegerungen; 3) ?; 4) ?;
Es= 1) empalmes; 2) acumulación de partículas
magnéticas; 3) raspaduras de emulsión y mugre; 4)
aumento en la densidad debido a la liberación de plata
metálica; F= 1) amorce de compensation 2) poudrette 3)
salissure 4) (augmentation de la densité pendant le tirage
photographique)}.
bujía (unidad fotométrica) {Es} * see candlepower {E}.
bujía-metro {Es} * see candle metre {E}.
bujía-pie {Es} * see footcandle (FC) {E}.
bujías por pie cuadrado {Es} * see candles per square foot
{E}.
bulk eraser {E} * 1) A strong alternating electromagnetic
device used to erase the magnetic patterns on tape while
still wound on a reel, or in bulk form.(50.) 2) also known as
a degausser; a machine which removes virtually all traces
of previously recorded magnetic signals from the magnetic
emulsion and leaves it in a demagnetized state, important
in order to minimize both noise and distortion when reusing
tape. Erasures made using a bulk eraser generally result
in a greater signal-to-noise ratio than those erased on a
tape recorder through the erase head; see also
demagnetization.(04.) {D= Löschgerät; Es= borrador
instantáneo de rollos; F= démagnétiseur; effaceur total;
tête d'effacement total}.
bulle {F} * see bubble {E}.
bulles {F} * see air bells {E}.
bulletin de demande {F} * see production ticket {E}.
bump {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc and
cylinder recordings, implying a raised surface on a portion
of the playing area of the carrier which could cause sonic
35
distortion or groove jumping by the stylus.(04.) {D=
Höhenschlag; Es= ruido de baja frecuencia producido
durante la reproducción y debida a alguna irregularidad en
la pista sonora de la película; F= cloc; "boum"; rugosité}.
burbuja {Es} * see bubble {E}.
burbujas de aire {Es} * see air bells {E}.
burn-in {E} * 1) The photographic double exposure of a title
or other subject matter over previously exposed film.09. 2)
A permanent dark scar or afterimage left on a video
camera tube when the camera is aimed at something too
bright for too long a period of time. Aiming most video
cameras at the sun will produce such a scar.(35.) {D= ?;
Es= incrustar; cicatriz oscura ; F= 1) incruster 2)
éblouissement; trainées de lumière}.
burned-in {E} * When the time code signal becomes a part
of the visual image in a video display. 2) A visual
aberration which results from an exceptionally bright object
is focused on an image pickup tube. 3) A period when an
equipment manufacturer will operate an electronic device
prior to its delivery in order to reveal possible early
component failures. {D= ?; Es= superposición; F= 1) réexposition
2) brûlure d'écran}.
burst {E} * The portion of a video NTSC signal that
synchronizes the correct colour hue in a TV receiver set or
a playback videotape machine. {D= ?; Es= estallido; señal
de sincronización (TV); F= éclater; impulsions de
synchronisation; salve d'identification}.
burst error {D;E} * A large number of data bits lost on the
medium because of excessive damage to or obstruction on
the medium.39. {Es= pérdida de bits; F= erreurs en salves;
train d'erreurs}.
burst factor {E} * The bursting strength of an item in grams
per square centimetre divided by the basis weight of the
item in grams per square metre, which also gives the burst
factor as a numerical value; see also burst ratio.(45.) {D=
?; Es= factor de estallido; F= facteur d'éclatement}.
burst ratio {E} * The bursting strength of a material in
points per pound; see also burst factor.45. {D= ?; Es=
razón de estallido; F= taux d'éclatement}.
bursting strength {E} * A measure of the ability of an item
to resist rupture when pressure is applied to one of its
sides by a specified instrument, under specified conditions.
Testing for the bursting strength of paper, for example, is
a very common procedure, although its value in
determining the potential permanence or durability is
suspect; see also breaking strength; burst factor; points
per pound.(45.) {D= Reißlast; Bruchlast; Es= resistencia al
estallido; F= résistance à l'éclatement}.
bus {E;F} * A row of buttons on a video switcher. Generally
a switcher will be made up of at least two buses, an A Bus
and a B Bus. A pair of buses makes up a mix/effects bus,
and many switchers have multiple M/E buses. {D= ?; Es=
fila de botones; F= rangée de commutateurs}.
búsqueda selectiva {Es} * see retrieval {E}.
butt splice {E} * A special type of very accurate motion
picture film splice in which there is no overlap to cause
frames to go out of focus, and no frame loss to cause
double-system soundtracks out of sync; butt splices are
held together by welding (heat splices) or with adhesive
splicing tape; not to be confused with lap splice. {D= ?;
Es= tipo de empalme de películas; F= collure bout-à-bout;
collure bord à bord}.
butt splicer {E} * Equipment designed for making a butt
splice. {D= ?; Es= máquina para empalmar [empalmadora]
película; F= presse à collures; colleuse bout-à-bout}.

uzz {E} * A rasping noise heard in the background of a
sound recording that is generally caused by hum or noise
in the playback system. In grooved recordings it can be
caused by imperfect or discontinuous contact of the
playback stylus in the groove.(04.) {D= ?; Es= ruido
áspero; zumbido; F= bourdonnement}.
buzz track {E} * A soundtrack that is used for testing the
alignment of the sound head in projection and recording
equipment. The soundtrack contains two frequencies 300
cycles per second on one side of the track and 1,000
cycles per second on the other side. If the scanning beam
is lined up properly, no sound is heard. If the sound head
is not in its precise position, one of the frequencies will
produce a buzzing sound. {D= ?; Es= pista sonora de
ruido; F= piste de localisation; piste d'essais de bruit}.
BVB {E;Es} * acronym for black-video-black. {D= ?; F=
NVN}.
BVU {E} * acronym for broadcast video U-matic; see Umatic
{E}.
byte {E} * A group of bits operating together, usually
consisting of eight bits.39. {D= Byte; Es= bit; número
arbitrario de bits que comprende una unidad operacional
de información; octeto; F= octet}
Byte {D} * see byte {E}.
c ---
c {E} * abbreviation for the speed of sound in air.
C signal {E} * The video chrominance signal in NTSC. {D=
?; Es= señal C; F= signal C}.
cabestan {F} * see capstan {E}.
cabez borradora de lectura y escritura {Es} * see readwrite-erase
head {E}.
cabeza {Es} * see tail (1) {E}.
cabeza borradora {Es} * see erase head {E}.
cabeza borradora volante {Es} * see flying erase head {E}.
cabeza de barrido total {Es} * see master erase head {E}.
cabeza de borrado {Es} * see erase head {E}.
cabeza de sincronización {Es} * see sync head {E}.
cabeza grabadora {Es} * see recording head {E}.
cabeza lectora (de reproducción) {Es} * see playback head
{E}.
cabeza monitora {Es} * see monitor head {E}.
cabeza registradora {Es} * see recording head {E}.
cabeza y cola {Es} * see head and tail {E}.
cabeza y principo y fin {Es} * see head and tail {E}.
cabezada {Es} * see tail (1) {E}.
cabezal óptico {Es} * see optical pickup {E}.
cabezas alineadas verticalmente {Es} * see in-line heads
{E}.
cabina insonorizada {Es} * see blimp {E}.
cabinet {E} * 1) A housing for electronic equipment.(10.) 2)
36
In nitrate based motion picture film parlance, a nitrate film
storage enclosure which is constructed and equipped in
accordance with section 42 or 44 of NFPA 40.34. {D= ?;
Es= 1) cubierta; 2) armario; F= 1) housse; 2) casier;
casemate (film nitrate)}.
cabinet model {E} * see enclosed horn
phonograph/gramophone.
câble d'alimentation {F} * see power cord {E}.
cabo de entrada de la Academia (de artes escénicas de
los EEUU) {Es} * see Academy leader {E}.
cabrestante (de arrastre) {Es} * see capstan {E}.
caché {Es} * see mask {E}.
cache ? (ciné) {F} * see window board {E}.
cache {F} * see cucolouris {E}.
cache {F} * see cucolouris; mask; mat (matte); vignette {E}.
cache contre-cache {F} * see blue screen process {E}.
cache de découpe {F} * see gobo {E}.
cache de fenêtre {F} * see aperture plate {E}.
Cache {D} * see mask {E}.
caches perforés à projeter {F} * see cukes {E}.
cadena {Es} * see network; series (1) {E}.
cadence {F} * see clock rate {E}.
cadence de projection {F} * see film speed {E}.
cadencia del reloj {Es} * see clock rate {E}.
cadrage {F} * see framing {E}.
cadre {F} * see frame; mat board; slide mount {E}.
cadre-presseur {F} * see pressure pad {E}.
cadreur {F} * see lighting cameraman {E}.
caída de señal {Es} * see dropout {E}.
caisson d'insonorisation {F} * see blimp {E}.
caja {Es} * see archives box/container; box (1); can;
slipcase {E}.
caja con abertura en uno de sus extremos {Es} * see box
(2) {E}.
caja de almacenamiento de grabaciones (discos/cintas)
{Es} * see records centre container/carton {E}.
caja de luz para película {Es} * see light box {E}.
caja insonorizada {Es} * see blimp {E}.
caja original {Es} * see original album/box (or other
container) {E}.
caja protectora {Es} * see shell {E}.
cajita {Es} * see box {E}.
cálculo de la caída de desprendimiento {Es} * see dropout
count {E}.
cálculo de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout count {E}.

calibrar {Es} * see calibrate (1) {E}.
calibrate {E} * 1) To adjust equipment for example, a
console and a tape recorder to a pre-agreed standard so
that their measurements are similar. Usually refers to the
technique of adjusting the V/U-meters on two pieces of
equipment, for instance, a tape recorder and a control
board, so that they will respond identically to given signal
at a given voltage, or to the loudest portion of a recording
to be dubbed.(04.07.) 2) In video, the process of
standardizing a reference tool, such as a vectorscope or
waveform monitor, so that any signal information that is
displayed can be measured accurately. {D= Kalibrieren;
Es= 1) calibrar; 2) normalización de monitores; F= calibrer;
étalonner; graduer}.
calibration tape {E} * see alignment tape.
calibre {Es} * see gauge {E}.
calibrer {F} * see calibrate {E}.
calidad de archivo {Es} * see archival quality {E}.
calidad de sonido {Es} * see boomy {E}.
Callier effect {E} * Effect of light scatter in optical systems,
first studied by Andre Callier in 1909. {D= ?; Es= efecto
Callier; F= effet Callier}.
calotype {F} * see collotype; gelatin print {E}.
cam {E} * A revolving device often used inside the shuttle
framework of a camera or projector to actuate the claws in
an intermittent movement. {D= ?; Es= leva; excéntrica; F=
came; excentrique}.
camafeo (un tipo de iluminación en producciones de
televisión) {Es} * see cameo {E}.
cámara {Es} * see camera {E}.
cámara de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed camera
{E}.
cámara de animación {Es} * see animation camera {E}.
cámara de microfichas {Es} * see step-and-repeat camera
{E}.
cámara de microfilm {Es} * see microfilm camera {E;F}.
cámara de procesado {Es} * see process camera {E}.
cámara de seguridad {Es} * see vault {E}.
cámara estilográfica {Es} * see caméra stylo (i.e., camerapen)
{E}.
cámara lenta {Es} * see Slo-mo; slow motion; stretch (1)
{E}.
cámara oscura {Es} * see camera obscura {E}.
cámara planetaria {Es} * see planetary camera {E}.
cámara reflex {Es} * see reflex camera {E}.
cámara rotatoria {Es} * see rotary camera {E}.
cámara subjetiva (toma desde el punto de visión del
personaje) {Es} * see subjective camera {E}.
cambiador de discos {Es} * see record changer {E}.
cambio {Es} * see interchange {E}.
cambio de densidad {Es} * see density change {E}.
cambio de imágenes {Es} * see cut (4){E}.
37
cambio de secuencias {Es} * see cut (4){E}.
cambio rápido del plano focal {Es} * see rack focusing {E}.
cambios de color durante el positivado {Es} * see colour
balance (1, 2) {E}.
cambios en la separación entre cabeza y cinta {Es} * see
tape-to-head separation changes {E}.
camcorder {E;Es} * A composite of the words 'camera' and
'recorder'; a small, portable video camera and recorder
combined into one unit.10. {D= Camcorder; F=
camescope}
Camcorder {D} * see camcorder {E}.
came {F} * see cam {E}.
cameo {E} * A light situation in TV production when only
the foreground is illuminated. The background is black and
unlighted. Also refer to limbo. {D= ?; Es= camafeo (un tipo
de iluminación en producciones de televisión); F=
éclairage avant (limbo)}.
camera {E} * 1) In still and moving-image photography, a
closed box containing, or intending to contain, a sensitized
plate or film on which an image is formed when light enters
through a lens. 2) In video, the device that receives the
image via the lens and transforms it into an electronic
signal; see also camera obscura. {D= Kamera; Es=
cámara; F= appareil de prise de vue; appareil photo;
appareil de prises de vues}.
camera angle {E} * The position at which the camera is
pointed at the subject: low, high or tilt; see also angle of
view, which is different.30. {D= ?; Es= ángulo de cámara;
F= angle de prise de vue}.
camera chain {E} * All the principal components of a video
camera such as camera control unit, video monitor,
waveform monitor, associated equipment, and connecting
cables. camera primaries {E} * The video camera primary
signals are the electrical analogies of the red, green, and
blue visual components of the scene. {D= ?; Es=
componentes de una cámara; F= chaîne vidéo}.
camera film {E} * 1) Photographic film which is used in the
camera to record the original scene; there are numerous
different types of such film available for the many
conditions under which subjects often must be filmed, for
the special effects that the cinematogra-pher wants to
produce, and for the processing and projection
requirements of the job; see also master film; preservation
master negative; camera negative.(09.) {D= ?; Es=
película para cámara; F= film original}.
camera microfilm {E} * First generation microfilm; see also
camera film; master film; preservation master negative.19.
{D= ?; Es= microfilme para cámara; F= microfilm original}.
camera negative {E} * The negative film exposed in the
camera; see also camera film; master film; preservation
master negative.40. {D= ?; Es= negativo para cámara; F=
film négatif original}.
camera obscura {E;F} * A device, developed by Leonardo
Da Vinci in the 16th century, which established the basic
principal of photographic reproduction. The camera
obscura (i.e., darkroom) allowed a small ray of light to pass
through a hole into a totally dark room (hence the name).
An inverted and laterally reversed image of the outside
scene appeared on the darkened room's rear wall, thus
producing the earliest form of a 'camera'. Da Vinci's image
could be traced by the artist to achieve greater realism in
artistic renderings. With the development of a
photographic plate by Nicephore Niepce and Louis J.M.
Daguerre in the 1830s which mechanically/chemically

captured the inverted image, still photography became
possible. {D= Cameraobscura; Es= cámara oscura}.
camera pen {E} * see caméra stylo.
camera speed {E} * The speed at which motion picture film
runs through a motion picture camera, usually noted in
frames per second (FPS). The standard speed for sound
motion pictures is 24 FPS; speeds for silent motion
pictures can range from 14 FPS to 23 FPS. {D= ?; Es=
velocidad de cámara; F= vitesse de prise de vues}.
camera tube {E} * The electron beam tube in television
used to convert light rays into electrical signals.10. {D=
Aufnahme-ildröhre; Es= tubo tomavistas; tubo analizador
(de TV); F= tube analyseur; tube de caméra}.
caméra (à vidée) réflex {F} * see reflex camera {E}.
caméra cinétique {F} * see rotary camera {E}.
caméra d'animation {F} * see animation camera {E}.
caméra grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed camera {E}.
caméra image par image {F} * see animation camera {E}.
caméra isolée {F} * see isolated camera {E}.
caméra obscura {F} * see camera obscura {E}.
camera original protection dupe videotape {E} * A first
generation copy of the camera original videotape. {D= ?;
Es= copia de primera generación (cinta de vídeo); F=
copie de première génération; bande vidéo originale}.
caméra pas à pas ? {F} * see planetary camera {E}.
caméra pour microfiches {F} * see step-and-repeat camera
{E}.
caméra prenant la place de la personne {F} * see
subjective camera {E}.
caméra statique {F} * see planetary camera {E}.
caméra stylo (i.e., camera-pen) {E;F} * The phrase used by
Alexandre Astruc to suggest that the art of film was the
equal of the novel and essay in flexibility and range.30.
{D= ?; Es= cámara estilográfica}.
caméra subjective {F} * see subjective camera {E}.
caméra ultra rapide {F} * see high-speed camera {E}.
cámera de microfichas {Es} * see step-and-repeat camera
{E}.
cámera de seguridad {Es} * see vault {E}.
cámera esática {Es} * see planetary camera {E}.
cámera rotatoria {Es} * see rotary camera {E}.
Cameraobscura {D} * see camera obscura {E}.
camescope {F} * see camcorder {E}.
camino cerrado de tierra {Es} * see ground loop {E}.
camisa {Es} * see folder {E}.
campo de acción {Es} * see domain {E}.
campo de conmutación {Es} * see patch field {E}.
campo de datos auxiliar {Es} * see auxiliary data field {E}.
campo de datos de un sector {Es} * see data field of a
38
sector {E}.
campo de sincronización {Es} * see synchronization field
{E}.
campo de televisión {Es} * see field (2) {E}.
campo del cabezal (estanco) {Es} * see header field {E}.
campo electrónico {Es} * see field (1) {E}.
can {E} * l) A metal or plastic container for film. 2) A studio
term for the headphones worn by technicians during
motion picture filming; they serve as an intercom system
between the director and the control room. 3) A 1000-watt
lamp in a housing mounted on a stand or pedestal. {D=
Dose; Büchse; Es= lata; caja; 1) contenedor, 2)
auriculares; 3) lámpara de 1000 vatios montada sobre un
pedestal; F= 1) boîte (pour film) 2) casques son de studio}.
canal {Es} * see channel {E}.
canal {F} * see channel {E}.
canal électronique {F} * see electronics to electronics (E-E)
{E}.
canal p {Es;F} * see p-channel {E}.
canal q {Es;F} * see q channel {E}.
canal Q {Es;F} * see Q channel {E}.
canal r {Es;F} * see r channel {E}.
canal s {Es;F} * see s channel {E}.
canal sonoro {Es} * see channel {E}.
canal t {Es} * see t channel {E}.
canal u {Es;F} * see u channel {E}.
canal v {Es;F} * see v channel {E}.
canal w {Es;F} * see w channel {E}.
canaux p-w {Es;F} * see p-w channels {E}.
cancelación {Es} * see blanking shutter {E}.
candela (CD) {E;Es;F} * The international standard unit
used to measure the strength (luminous intensity) of a light
source. One candela is the intensity of the light given off by
1/60 of a square centimetre of projected area of a perfectly
radiating object heated to the temperature of freezing
platinum, 3222°F, 1772°C, or 2045°K. One candela is
slightly less than 1 candle. One candela is equal to one
lumen per square foot or 10.764 lux. The unit of
measurement, the lumen, is based on this type of
measurement. The candela has replaced the standard
candle or lamp as a unit of luminous intensity in
calculations involving artificial lighting and is sometimes
called the 'new candle'; see also candle; footcandle;
illuminance; lumen; lux. {D= Candela}.
Candela {D} * see candela (CD) {E;Es;F}.
candéla mètre {F} * see candle metre {E}.
candéla mètre {F} * see candlepower {E}.
candéla par pied carré {F} * see candles per square foot
{E}.
candle metre {E} * also known as lux; a unit of illumination
equal to the amount of light falling on a surface one metre
away from a one candlepower. {D= ?; Es= bujía-metro; F=
candéla mètre}.

candlepower {E} * The maximum footcandles times the
fixture distance squared. The candlepower law is valid only
for distances greater than 20 times the diametre of the
fixture reflector or lens, with a few exceptions. Knowing the
candlepower of any particular fixture, one can determine
the maximum footcandles that same fixture will produce at
any given distance. Divide the candlepower figure by the
distance squared, to obtain maximum footcandles.
Example: if a fixture is rated at one million candlepower
and it is necessary to know the maximum intensity of that
particular fixture at 50 feet, divide one million by 50
squared or 2500, which is equal to 400. That particular
fixture will produce 400 maximum footcandles at a 50-foot
distance; see also footcandles. {D= ?; Es= bujía (unidad
fotométrica); F= flux lumineux}.
candles per square foot {E} * The brightness of an
illuminated area is measured in terms of light intensity per
unit area, normally candles per square foot. One candle
per square foot is equal to 0.09290304 candle per square
metre. {D= ?; Es= bujías por pie cuadrado; F= candéla par
pied carré}.
cannelures {F} * see fluting {E}.
canoa (aguja curvada para vídeocinta) {Es} * see canoe
{E}.
canoe {E} * The curved, air suction guide of a quadruplex
videotape machine which holds the tape as it is scanned
by the video head tips. {D= ?; Es= canoa (aguja curvada
para vídeocinta); F= guide (bande vidéo quadruplex)}.
canon à électrons {F} * see electron gun {E}.
capa anti-halo {Es} * see rem jet {E}.
capa de emulsión {Es} * see emulsion layer {E}.
capa de registro {Es} * see recording layer {E}.
capa interna de transferencia {Es} * see interlayer transfer
{E}.
capa magnética {Es} * see coating {E}.
capacidad {Es} * see output {E}.
capacitance electronic disc (CED) {E} * One of two popular
videodisc systems, the other being a LASER disc. The
CED uses a needle in a groove to sense the picture.(35.)
{D= ?; Es= disco electrónico capacitivo; F= disque à
capacitance}.
capas conductivas {Es} * see conductive coatings {E}.
capas conductivas {Es} * see conductive coatings {E}.
difractora {Es} * see diffraction grating {E}.
capot {F} * see top plate {E}.
capstan {E} * The spindle or shaft sometimes the motor
shaft itself connected to the motor of a tape recorder that
moves the tape at constant speed across the heads, or a
film camera/projector that moves the film at constant
speed past the lens.(04.16.) {D= Tonwelle; Es=
cabrestante (de arrastre); eje motor (vídeo); F= cabestan}.
capstan idler {E} * see pressure roller.
cápsula (del tocadiscos) {Es} * see pickup cartridge {E}.
cápsula (tocadiscos) {Es} * see head shell {E}.
caption {E} * see subtitle.
caption {E} * The process of encoding and decoding text
onto a video display. {D= ?; Es= subtítulo; F= sous-titre}.
39
captor {Es} * see pickup (1, 2) {E}.
cara de entrada {Es} * see entry face {E}.
caracter confidencial {Es} * see confidentiality {E}.
carácter {Es} * see character {E}.
carácter confidencial {Es} * see confidentiality {E}.
característica de ponderación {Es} * see weighting
characteristic {E}.
características mecánicas {Es} * see mechanical
specifications {E}.
caractéristique (photo) {F} * see d log h curve {E}.
caractéristique de la luminance {F} * see gain inequality
{E}.
caracterización {Es} * see character {E}.
caráter {Es} * see character {E}.
carbon black {E} * An inert filler used 1) to protect the
basic resin in a disc sound recording compound from the
action of light by absorbing radiant energy, 2) as an antistatic
element in back coatings for magnetic tape, and 3)
as a colouring agent in archival containers for film and
magnetic tape.(04.) {D= ?; Es= negro de humo; F=
carbone noir; noir de carbone}.
carbon tetrachloride {E} * A dangerous, toxic chemical
used as a film and equipment cleaning agent.(10.) {D= ?;
Es= tetracloruro de carbono; F= tétrachlorure de carbone}.
carbon-arc lamps {E} * A lighting source which utilizes an
ac or dc arc source in which the arc is formed in air
between a pair of frequently carbon with additives
electrodes.(10.) {D= Lampenkohle; Es= arco de carbón;
F= charbon d'arc; projecteur à arc de carbone}.
carbonate de magnésium .{F} * see magnesium
bicarbonate .{E}.
carbonate de magnésium {F} * see magnesium carbonate
{E}.
carbonato magnésico {Es} * see magnesium carbonate
{E}.
carga (electrostática) {Es} * see charge {E}.
carga electrostática {Es} * see electrostatic charge {E}.
carga máxima que puede soportar un suelo {Es} * see
floor load {E}.
cargador {Es} * see magazine {E;Es;F}.
cargar (la película {Es} * see load {E}.
cargar (la película; datos) {Es} * see load {E}.
cargas {Es} * see filler {E}.
carpeta (discos fonográficos) {Es} * see sleeve {E}.
carpeta {Es} * see slipcase {E}.
carpetilla {Es} * see folder {E}.
carret {Es} * see reel {E}.
carrete {Es} * see reel (1); spool {E}.
carrete abierto {Es} * see open reel {E}.

carrete con la cinta colocada {Es} * see feed reel {E}.
carrier {E} * 1) The physical package (i.e., disc, film, paper)
in or on which the audiovisual data or signal is fixed or
recorded. 2) The RMS level in dB in a specified bandwidth
signal centered at the fundamental (carrier frequency) of
a monotone recording. The input is a 50% duty cycle
square waveform.(46.) {D= Träger; Es= soporte; portador;
F= porteuse (onde)}.
carrier-arm {E} * That part of a audio cylinder machine that
traversed the cylinder and carried a reproducer or
recorder.14. {D= ?; Es= brazo portador; F= mandrin
(platine cylindres)}.
carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) {D;E} * The ratio of the carrier
magnitude to the noise level of a signal, generally
expressed in dB.(46.10.) {Es= relación portadora-ruido; F=
rapport (amplitude onde) porteuse sur bruit}.
carrito móvil portacámara {Es} * see dolly {E;Es}.
carrito portacámara {Es} * see dolly {E;Es}.
carta de concordancias {Es} * see concordance {E}.
carta de la prueba neutra [o del neutro] {Es} * see neutral
test card {E}.
carta de linealidad {Es} * see ball chart {E}.
carte à fenêtre (microfilm) {F} * see aperture card {E}.
carte perforée {F} * see punched card {E}.
carte test neutre {F} * see neutral test card {E}.
cartel {Es} * see poster {E}.
cartela {Es} * see target (1)(2) {E}.
cartelera {Es} * see billboard {E}.
carton de montage {F} * see mount {E}.
cartón de montaje {Es} * see mat board {E}.
cartons volants (titres) {F} * see flip cards {E}.
cartouche {F} * see cartridge {E}.
cartridge {E} * 1) A single core container (a double core
container is called a cassette) enclosing audiovisual media
(i.e., optical, grooved, or magnetic discs, tape, film) using,
for tape/film media, a single-spool, endless-loop
configuration. Used for insertion of the medium into
recorders, readers, reader/printers and retrieval devices,
the media requiring no threading or rewinding. Most audio
tape cartridges contain two-channel, 8-track stereo
programme material; q8 audio cartridges have a special
coding slot that indicates four-channel, 8-track stereo
recordings.(22.46.16.) 2) The holder of the stylus which is
used to play grooved recordings. Sometimes used
interchangeably with the term pickup.(04.) {D= 1) Kassette;
2) F= 1) chargeur; cartouche; 2) cellule (phonocaptrice); ;
Tonebuehmersystem;Es= 1) cartuc}.
cartucho {Es} * see cartridge {E}.
cartulinas para mover de un tirón {Es} * see flip cards {E}.
casa productora {Es} * see production company {E}.
cascada {Es} * see cascade {E}.
cascade (tirage film) {F} * see cascade {E}.
cascade {E} * A film processing method by which chemical
40
solutions and wash water, particularly the latter are applied
to the film in a continuous processing machine in the form
of jets of liquid which run down the film strands from the
top to the bottom under gravity, rather than by immersion
of the film under the surface of the solution in a deep tank.
{D= ?; Es= cascada; F= cascade (tirage film)}.
case {E} * 1) A designation of archival or library materials
which indicates that they are either restricted, rare, or
otherwise. 2) A piece of furniture to hold materials, as a
book case. 3) A container for a single item, as a slip case
for a set of records. {D= ?; Es= 1) designación de
materiales bibliográficos; 2) estantería; 3) estuche; F=
boîtier; étagère}.
casemate {F} * see cabinet; vault {E}.
casete {Es} * see cassette {E;F}.
casete compacta {Es} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.
casette {Es} * see cassette {E;F}.
casier casemate (film nitrate) {F} * see cabinet {E}.
casier de rangement {F} * see bin {E}.
casque {F} * see headphones {E}.
casques son de studio {F} * see can {E}.
cassant {F} * see brittle {E}.
cassette {E;F} * An enclosed two hub, core, or reel
container (a single core container is called a cartridge)
enclosing film/tape/wire media with each end of the
contained media being attached to one or the other hub,
core, or reel. Common forms today are the compact audio
cassette (introduced in 1964), the audio elcaset, the audio
mini-cassette, the audio macro-cassette, and video
cassettes (introduced in the 1970s); see also cartridge.
{D= Kassette; Es= casete; casette}.
cassette {F} * see also magazine {E;Es;F}.
cassette compacte {F} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.
cassette tape {E} * see cassette {E;F}.
cast {E} * A collective term for actors and their roles.
Names of actors may be preceded by such terms as
starring, co-starring, also starring, introducing, etc. A broad
distinction is made between cast and credits by defining
cast as those in front of the camera, or performers in a
musical production, and credits as those behind the
camera; see also talent.(12.) {D= Darstellung;
Darstellungbesetzung; Es= interpretación; reparto; F=
interprétation; générique; distribution; interprètes}.
cat. no. {E} * abbreviation for catalogue number.
catadioptric lens {E} * A long focal length camera lens that
uses mirrors and reflective and refractive elements to
shorten the light path to the lens.10. {D= ?; Es= objetivo
catadipótrico; F= filtre catadioptrique}.
catalog {E/US} * see catalogue {E}.
catalogación {Es} * see cataloguing {E}.
catalogage {F} * see processing {E}.
catalogar {Es} * see catalogue {E;F}.
catálogo {Es} * see catalogue {E;F}.
catalogue {E;F} * 1) A finding aid describing individual
documents of a specific type or brought together for a
specific purpose.(22.23.) 2) A descriptive list of materials

contained in a collection arranged according to some
definite plan, e.g., by title. 3) The act of creating such a
listing.(12.) {D= 1 & 2) Katalog; 3) katalogisieren; Es=
catálogo; catalogar}.
catalogue d'édition discographique {F} * see body of the
entry {E}.
catalogue level {E} * A distinction made between the
various levels of bibliographic data, consistency, and
accuracy that may be provided in cataloguing records.
AACR2 identifies three levels. They are, with the
recommended punctuation to be included within the
citation, 1st level of description should include at least: title
proper / the first statement of responsibility if it is different
from the main entry heading in form or number or if there
is no main entry heading. Edition stdetails. First publisher,
etc., date of publication, etc. Extent of item. Note(s).
Standard number. 2d level of description should include at
least: Title proper {general material designation}= Parallel
title : other title information / first statement of
responsibility; each subsequent statement of responsibility.
Edition statement / first statement of edition responsibility.
Material (or type of publication) specific details. First place
of publication, etc. : first publisher, etc., date of publication,
etc. Extent of item : other physical details; dimensions.
(Title proper of series / statement of responsibility relating
to series, ISSN of series; numbering within series. Title of
subseries, ISSN of subseries; numbering within subseries).
Noteast: All elements set out in AACR2 applicable to the
item being described. In addition to the AACR2's three
levels, audiovisual libraries and archives have tended to
prescribe two additional levels: a preliminary or inventory
level, consisting only of very brief data, including at least
in level 1 Title proper. Place of origin, date of origin. Extent
of item(s). Location. Provenance and, level 2 being a
collection level record, tending generally to include
Collection name (i.e., Title proper of the Collection) / first
statement of responsibility; each subsequent statement of
responsibility. Place/s of origin, date/s of origin. extent of
collection : other physical details; dimensions. Location.
Provenance. Contents and/or summary notes. Other
note(s).
catalogue number (cat. no.) {E} * The numerical identifier
of a particular item; also known as stock number; also
known as issue number. {D= Katalognummer; Signatur;
Es= número de catálogo; F= numéro de catalogue}.
cataloguer {F} * see cataloguing {E}ion of a catalogue; see
also archival cataloguing; inventory; list; minimal
cataloguing; preliminary cataloguing; serial cataloguing.
{D= katalogisieren; Es= catalogación; F= cataloguer; F=
cataloguer}.
cataloguing agency {E} * The organization or institution
responsible for the creation of a catalogue.12. {D= ?; Es=
agencia de catalogación; F= agence catalogue}.
categoría de una copia {Es} * see copy status (generation)
{E}.
categoría de una generación {Es} * see copy status
(generation) {E}.
catégorie générale de matériel {F} * see general material
designator (GMD) {E}.
cathode follower {E;F} * The type of electronic circuit used
in an output stage of a recorder to permit the use of longer
interconnecting cables without the loss of high frequency.
Usually not necessary in a normal installation.50. {D= ?;
Es= seguidor catódico; F= ?}.
cathode-ray tube (CRT) {E} * 1) A vacuum tube in which
electrons from a cathode are directed to a luminescent
screen that glows in direct proportion to the intensity of the
light. 2) A video display device.(10.) {D= Kathodenstrahl-
41
Röhre; Es= tubo de rayos catódicos; dispositivo para la
visualización de vídeo; F= tube à rayons cathodiques; tube
cathodique}.
catoptric system {E} * In still and/or moving-image media,
an all reflecting lens system free of chromatic aberration;
see chromatic aberration; catadioptric lens. {D= ?; Es=
sistema cataóptrico; F= catadioptric system; système
catadioptrique}.
CATV {E;F} * acronym for cable antenna television system.
{D= ?; Es= acrónimo de Televisión con Antena Colectiva;
F= ?}.
CAV {E} * acronym for constant angular velocity {E}.
caverneux {F} * see boomy {E}.
CC {E} * acronym for 1) colour compensating; 2) compact
cassette.
CCD {E} * acronym for charge coupled device {Es=
acrónimo de Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada; F= DTC
(capteurs à transfert de charges)}.
CCITT {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for International Telegraph
and Telephone Consultative Committee.
CCTV {E;F} * acronym for closed circuit television. {D= ?;
Es= acrónimo de Televisión de Circuito Cerrado; F=
télévision en circuit fermé}.
CD {E} * abbreviation for candela; acronym for compact
disc.
CD+G {E} * acronym for compact disc+graphics.
CD+MIDI {E} * acronym for compact disc+midi.
CD-DA {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-digital audio.
CD-I {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-interactive.
CD-IX {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-interactiveextended.
CD-PROM {E;Es} * acronym for compact discprogrammable
read only memory.
CD-R {E} * acronym for compact disc-recordable.
CD-ROM {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-read only
memory.
CD-ROM XA {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-read only
memory extended architecture.
CD-RTOS {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-real -time
operating system.
CD-simple {F} * see CD-single {E}.
CD-single {E} * A CD audio recording of a single, usually
popular, music selection. {D= ?; Es= disco sencillo en CD;
F= CD-simple}.
CD-V {E;Es} * acronym for compact disc-video.
CD-WO {E} * acronym for compact disc-write -once.
CD-WORM {E} * acronym for compact disc-writeonce/read
many.
CD3 {E} * acronym for compact disc3.
cebo eléctrico {Es} * see squib {E}.
CED {E} * acronym for capacitance electronic disc.

cédérom {F} * see compact disc-read only memory (CD-
ROM) {D;E}.
cédérom-XA {F} * see compact disc-read only memory
extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) {D;E}.
cel {E} * A transparent sheet of cellulose ace-tate or similar
plastic serving as a support or overlay for drawings, lettering,
etc, in animation and title work.09. {D= Zelle; Es=
célula; hoja transparente de plástico; F= *cellule or cellulo;
cellulos}.
cellule .{F}. see exposure meter .{E}.
cellule (phonocaptrice) {F} * see cartridge {E}.
cellule {F} * see exposure meter; pickup cartridge {E}.
cellule phonocaptrice {F} * see pickup {E}.
cellule photoélectrique {F} * see photocell {E}.
celluloid {E;F} * l) A flammable, flexible, transparent
thermoplastic material made of cellulose nitrate and
camphor or other plasticiz-er. 2) Slang for motion pictures,
or for the base material or support for the layers of film
emulsion; see cellulose acetate; cellulose diacetate;
cellulose nitrate; cellulose triacetate; polyester. 3) The
transparent sheets on which the component drawings of
an animated motion picture film are prepared. 4) One of
the materials used in the manufacture of mass produced
cylinder recordings, usually backed with some material,
such as Plaster of Paris. {D= Zelluloid; Es= 1) celuloide; 2)
películas (jerga); soporte; 3) láminas transparentes; 4)
material cilíndrico para grabaciones; F= côte support;
celluloïd; nitrate de cellulose}
celluloïd {F} * see celluloid {E;F}.
cellulos {F} * see cel {E}.
cellulose {E;F} * A complex polymeric carbohydrate,
having the same composition as starch, i.e., 44.4%
carbon, 16.2% hydrogen, and 39.4% oxygen; the chief
component of the cell walls of plants, wood, etc.07. {D=
Zellulose; Es= celulosa; F= celluleux}.
cellulose acetate {E} * 1) Any of several clear, hard, and
glossy esters produced by the action of acetic acid and
sulphuric acid on cellulose; a hygroscopic material; the
most fungal resistant of the cellulosics. Used in 2) heat
sealing lamination, 3) as a safety film and magnetic tape
base, and 4) as a coating on direct-cut lacquer discs.
Although generally acknowledged as being the best base
for magnetic recording medium for many years, it is an
unstable medium with a limited storage life and has been
replaced by polyester; see also cellulose diacetate;
cellulose nitrate; cellulose triacetate; ester; safety film.(44.)
{D= Zelluloseazetat; Zelluloseazetatfolie; Es= 1) acetato
de celulosa; 2) sellado con acetato de celulosa empleando
calor; 3) película de seguridad; 4) revestimiento; F=
acétate de cellulose; feuille d'acétate de cellulose}.
cellulose alpha {F} * see alpha-cellulose {E}.
cellulose diacetate {E} * 1) One of the clear, hard, glossy,
and slow-burning esters produced by the action of acetic
acid and sulphuric acid on cellulose. 2) Used as a safety
film base; is less flammable than cellulose nitrate, but not
as stable as cellulose triacetate or polyester. {D= ?; Es=
diacetato de celulosa; F= feuille diacetate de cellulose;
diacetate de cellulose}.
cellulose nitrate {E} * 1) Any of several flammable solid
esters obtained as the nitration of cellulose with a mixture
of nitric and sulphuric acids. 2) The first of the modern
plastics which replaced cellulose acetate as a disc ore
cylinder recording medium. 3) Once used widely (up until
42
1951) as a base for still and motion picture film; because
it is particularly unstable and highly flammable it has been
replaced by safety base films, such as cellulose diacetate,
cellulose triacetate, and polyester. The terms cellulose
nitrate film or nitrate film are preferable to nitrate cellulose;
however, for practical purposes, the terms are
synonymous.(01.04.40.34.) {D= Zellulosenitrat; Nitratfilm;
Es= 1) nitrato de celulosa; 2) sustituto del acetato de
celulosa para grabaciones cilíndricas; 3) película de
nitrato; F= film nitrate; film au nitrate; film flamme; nitrate
de cellulose}.
cellulose triacetate {E} * 1) One of the clear, hard, glossy,
and slow-burning esters produced by the action of acetic
acid and sulphuric acid on cellulose. 2) Used as a safety
film base for motion picture film which is less flammable
than cellulose nitrate and more dimensionally stable than
cellulose diacetate; frequently used, also, in sheet form, for
overlay cels.(09.) 3) Used as a magnetic tape base until
the late 1950s, early 1960s, when it was replaced by
polyester.(01.) {D= ?; Es= 1) triacetato de celulosa; 2 y 3)
película de seguridad realizada con triacetato de celulosa;
F= feuille triacétate cellulose; triacétate de cellulose;
support non flam}.
célula {Es} * see cel {E}.
célula fotoeléctrica {Es} * see photocell {E}.
célula kinescópica {Es} * see kino-eye {E}.
celuloide {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.
celulosa {Es} * see cellulose {E;F}.
cemented splice {E} * see lap splice.
centelleo {Es} * see blink; flickering {E}.
centelleo {Es} * see flickering {E}.
centi- (C) {D;E;Es;F} * Prefix for one hun-dred.(39.)
centrado del disco {Es} * see centring of disc (1) {E}.
centrage du disque {F} * see centring of disc {E}.
central processing unit {E} * The unit of a computing
system that controls and coordinates the circuits
containing the math, logic, and control units.(10.) {D= ?;
Es= unidad central central de procesado; F= unité
centrale}.
centre (du disc) {F} * see centre (of disc) {E}.
centre (of disc) {E} * That part of the surface of a disc
recording circumscribed by the inmost part of the playing
area and, when there is a label present, can be further
defined as inside margin and label.04. {D= ?; Es= centro
(del disco); F= centre (du disc); centre de disc}.
centre de distribution {F} * see Television Operation Center
(TOC) {E}.
centre start disc (CS) {E} * 1) A disc recording which starts
its playing at the centre, rather than at the outside edge. 2)
A disc recording which requires the pickup and stylus to
move from the centre of the disc outward (having the
beginning of its modulated groove at the outer edge of the
inside margin).(04.) {D= Innenstart; Es= disco reproducido
desde el centro hacia afuera; F= disque à départ central}.
centring of disc {E} * 1) The act of placing a disc on a
turntable and lining up the centre hole with the central pin
on the turntable. 2) The accuracy of the location of the
centre hole in a disc, reel, or hub. 3) The act in the
manufacturing process for discs (during which the centre
hole of the master is lost) in which a new centre hole is
located for the finished pressings.(04.) {D= Zentrieren; Es=

1) centrado del disco; 2) precisión de la posición del
orificio; 3) la realización del orificio; F= centrage du
disque}.
centro (del disco) {Es} * see centre (of disc) {E}.
centro de proceso de datos {Es} * see data archive {E}.
centro operativo de televisión {Es} * see Television
Operation Center (TOC) {E}.
ceramic microphone {E} * An inexpensive pressure type
piezoelectric microphone supplied with many tape
recorders. It employs a ceramic element to convert sound
to electrical energy, is more rugged, more resistant to
temperature and humidity extremes, but requires more
amplifier gain than comparable crystal types.(16.) {D=
Kristallmikrophon; Es= micrófono cerámico; F=
microphone céramique}.
cerrado herméticamente {Es} * see hermetically sealed
{E}.
certificador {Es} * see certifier {E}.
certified tape {E} * Magnetic tape that is electrically tested
on a specified number of tracks and is certified by the
supplier to have less than a specified total number of
permanent errors.(46.) {D= ?; Es= cinta certificada; F=
bande certifiée}.
certifier {E} * Equipment that evaluates the ability of
magnetic tape to record and reproduce. The equipment
normally counts and charts each error on the tape,
including the level and duration of drop outs; see also
evaluator.(46.) {D= ?; Es= certificador; F= certificateur;
certifieur}.
certifieur {F} * see certifier {E}.
cession {F} * see deaccession {E}.
cession {F} * see Deacidification (neutralization) {E}.
CGS {E} * acronym for centimetre gram second.
chaîne vidéo {F} * see camera chain {E}.
chalk drawing {E} * A type of pictorial artwork made of
chalk.(24.) {D= Kreidezeichnung; Es= dibujo a tiza blanca;
F= pastel (craie); pastel de dessin}.
chambre noire {F} * see darkroom {E}.
champ (doc) .{F}. see field .{E}.
champ (doc) {F} * see field {E}.
champ {F} * see over-the-shoulder shot {E}.
champ coercitif {F} * see coercivity {E}.
champ de données auxiliaires {F} * see auxiliary data field
{E}.
champ de données d'un secteur {F} * see data field of a
sector {E}.
champignons {F} * see fungi {E}.
champs électromagnetique {F} * see field {E}.
change-over {E} * In theatrical moving-image projection,
the process of switching from a reel of motion picture film
being projected to a reel of film that follows without
interruption in picture continuity. {D= Passage; Es= paso
o empalme automático; F= changement; passage;
changement de bobine; enchaînement}.
43
change-over cue {E} * Small spot or other mark in top right
hand corner of the frame of sequential reels of a motion
picture film which signals the projec-tionist to switch from
one projector to the other.30. {D= Stanze; Es= marca de
paso; F= changeur d'indication; marque de passage;
repère de changement de bobine; repère
d'enchaînement}.
changement de bobine {F} * see change-over {E}.
changement de densité {F} * see density change; density
range {E}.
changer {E} * see record changer.
changeur de disc {F} * see record changer {E}.
channel {E} * 1) A signal path for recording and/or
reproducing an audio or video signal. 2) The independent
tracks of a recording medium. For stereo sound, for
instance, a separate left and right channel of informa-tion
must be supplied.(04.) {D= Kanal; Eingang am Mischpult;
Eingang; Tonkanal; Es= 1) canal sonoro; canal; 2) las
pistas para el registrador [grabador]; F= canal; voie;
couloir; canal sonore; chaîne sonore}.
channel separation {E} * The degree or extent to which the
signals on one channel are not picked up by an adjacent
channel; electrical isolation. Good channel separation
implies very little leakage, or crosstalk, of signal from one
channel to another.(04.07.) {D= Kanaltrennung; Es=
separación de [entre] canales; F= séparation des voies}.
character {E} * 1) A letter, digit or other symbol used in the
representation of data.22.23. 2) One of the persons in a
dramatization (a drama, musical play, radio or television
play, a moving-image production, etc.) {D= Zeichen; Es=
papel; parte; caracterización; caráter; F= caractère;
personnage; rôle de composisition}.
characteristic curve {E} * In photography, a graph relating
the response between film density and exposure; also
called the D log E curve, and the H and D curve.(09.10.)
{D= Schneidkennlinien-ntzerrung; Es= curva característica;
F= courbe sensitométrique; courbe caractéristique}.
charcoal drawing {E} * A type of pictorial artwork made in
black or shades of black with a stick of charred wood
usually on a white, soft paper with a rough surface.24. {D=
Kohlezeichnung; Es= dibujo al carboncillo; F= dessin au
fusain}.
charge (électrostatique) {F} * see charge {E}.
charge {E} * The quantity of electricity in a body.39. {D=
Ladung; Es= carga (electrostática); F= charge
(électrostatique)}.
charge {F} * see filler {E}.
charge {F} * see filler {E}.
charge au sol {F} * see floor load {E}.
charge coupled device (CCD) {D;E} * A semi-conductor
image detector designed to replace a television camera
tube.10. Video solid state transducers which replaced
camera pickup tubes. {Es= acrónimo de Dispositivo de
Carga Acoplada (semi-conductor); F= dispositif à transfert
de charge (DTC)}.
charge d'une tablette {F} * see shelf load {E}.
charge de rupture {F} * see breaking strength {E}.
charge de rupture à la traction {F} * see ultimate tensile
strength {E}.

charge électrostatique {F} * see electrostatic charge {E}.
charge en poudre d'oxyde {F} * see oxide loading {E}.
Charge {D} * see batch {E}.
chargement {F} * see load {E}.
chargeur {F} * see magazine {E;Es;F}.
charte d'étalonnage {F} * see ball chart; china girl {E}.
charte de couleurs {F} * see colour bars {E}.
charte de gris {F} * see grating signal; grey scale {E}.
charte de linéarité {F} * see linearity chart {E}.
charte de réflectance {F} * see linear reflectance chart {E}.
charte de test de résolution {F} * see resolution test chart
{E}.
charte des gris {F} * see gray scale {E}.
charte lumineuse de diapositives (défauts lumineux) {F} *
see light damage slide rule {E}.
chase {E} * A video production technique in which the play
machine automatically switches from play mode back to
the cue mode, allowing the slave transport to chase the
master whenever it is rewound and resync to it when it is
again put into play. {D= ?; Es= perseguir; F= poursuite}.
chasis (óptica) {Es} * see sled {E}.
chasis {Es} * see magazine (1) {E;Es;F}.
chasquido {Es} * see click {E;Es}.
chassis {E} * The metal base or frame which carries the
electrical or mechanical assemblies of equipment.(49.) {D=
Chassis; Es= armazón; bastidor; marco; F= châssis}.
chassis {F} * see rack {E}.
chassis mobile {F} * see float {E}.
chassis plat {F} * see flat {E}.
Chassis {D} * see chassis {E}.
châssis {F} * see chassis {E}.
châssis double (photo) {F} * see bipack {E}.
chatter {E} * 1) An erratic spotted pattern in grooved,
analogue recordings with short alternate light and dark
strips, caused either by a poor cutting stylus or by one set
at a wrong angle. Too deep a cut in a thin disc coating may
also produce a similar effect, which is most likely trtion
caused by the vibration of the stylus in a groove.(04.) {D=
?; Es= trepidación; vibración; crepitación; F= claquement;
murmure; broutage}.
Chebyshev filter {E} * A type of screen used in digital
design which can provide a steep filter characteristic.39.
{D= ?; Es= filtro Chebyshev; F= filtre de Tchebychev}.
checklist {E} * A list, usually for an individual accession,
prepared for purposes of identification and control.(22.23.)
{D= Prüfliste; Kontrolliste; Es= inventario somero; relación
de transferencia; inventario de transferencia; relación de
entrega; inventario de entrega; F= liste de contrôle;
bordereau}.
checkprint {E} * A copy of a motion picture film made by a
44
lab for testing and evaluation. {D= Musterkopie; Testkopie;
erste Kopie; Es= primera copia; F= copies étalon; copie O;
première copie}.
checksum {E} * In compact disc technology, the use of
redun-dant data for error detection.39. {D= ?; Es= control
de datos; F= données de contrôle; somme de vérification}.
chef décorateur {F} * see art director {E}.
chef monteur {F} * see editor {E}.
chemical stability {E} * A phrase used to describe an item
that is not easily decomposed or otherwise modified
chemically. This is a desirable characteristic for materials
used in preservation, since it suggests an ability to resist
chemical degradation (such as embrittlement of paper)
over time and/or upon to various conditions during use or
storage. Other terms used loosely as synonyms: inert,
stable, chemically inert.(17.) {D= chemische Stabilität; Es=
estabilidad química; F= stabilité chimique}.
chemische Stabilität {D} * see chemical stability {E}.
chemise {F} * see folder; jacket; portfolio (PF) {E}.
chemise de protection {F} * see dust jacket {E}.
chequerboarding {E} * see a and b wind printing.
chercheur {F} * see reader; user {E}.
chevauchement {F} * see overlap sound {E}.
chica del script {Es} * see script girl {D;E;F}.
chicken tracks {E} * In magnetic tape recording equipment,
a line of small craters in the head surface running in the
direction of tape motion, usually caused by a loose, small
hard particle moving with the tape over the head.(46.) {D=
?; Es= literalmente, huellas de pollo (defecto de la cabeza
magnética); F= déformation de tête magnétique (en
"traces de poulet")}.
chief source of information {E} * A cataloguing term
referring to the explicitly preferred source of information
that is to be used in creating the cataloguing record for the
item being cataloged. For disc recordings, as an example,
the chief source of information would be the disc and its
label as opposed to information gathered from the disc's
packaging (slipcase or sleeve). Most established
cataloguing procedures indicate a priority to be utilized in
taking information from other than what they define as the
chief source of information. Generally, the chief source of
information for items with labels directly applied or
attached to them is the label; moving-image materials the
chief source of information is the information frames within
the film/video. If there is no such applied or attached label
or information frame/s the preferred alternate sources, in
sequence of general acceptance, the container (sleeve,
box, etc.), accompanying textual information (liner notes,
etc.), and data taken directly from the item being
documented.(04.) {D= ?; Es= fuente principal de
información; F= source première d'informations}.
chiffre binaire {F} * see binary digit (BIT) {E}.
chillido {Es} * see squeal; stick-slip {E}.
chillido de la cinta {Es} * see tape squeal {E}.
china girl {E} * A picture of a girl's face used for checking
photographic/video colour and/or alignment. {D= ?; Es=
literalmente, muchacha de china (retrato usado para
comprobar el color y la alineación de vídeo); F= charte
d'étalonnage}.
chip {E} * 1) Commonly used term to describe a defect in

disc or cylinder recordings referring to a small missing
piece from the edge or rim of the recording, not to be
confused with dig or gouge, which refer to a pit or small
break in the horizontal surface further in from the rim.(04.)
2) A monochrome test pattern for television alignment.10.
3) The material removed from a grooved recording
medium by the cutting stylus while it cuts a groove; also
called swarf. 4) The material that is removed from the
surface of a recorded wax cylinder when it was shaved to
prepare it for accepting another recording; better known as
swarf.(10.) 4) In computer parlance, an integrated circuit.
{D= 1) ?; 2) ?; 3) Span; 4) Chip; Es= viruta; lasca; F= puce;
copeau; rognure}.
chip brush {E} * A device provided with many early audio
cylinder machines for cleaning the chips and swarf from
the machine after either the recording or shaving
operations.(14.) {D= ?; Es= brocha para virutas; F= brosse
à copeaux}.
Chip {D} * see chip {E}.
chloride film {E} * Photographic film and paper sensitized
with an emulsion of silver chloride, used mainly for contact
copying.01. {D= ?; Es= película al cloruro; F= film
chlorure}.
chlorure ammonium {F} * see ammonium chloride {E}.
chlorure de polyvynile {F} * see polyvinyl chloride
(polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) {E}.
chroma {E} * The colour part of a video signal; see also
luminance.(35.) {D= ?; Es= croma (nivel de color); F=
chrominance}.
chroma key {E} * A feature of some video production
switchers allowing two or more video sources to be
combined. The switcher is capable of sensing the colour or
chroma in one picture and replacing it with picture
information from the other source. {D= ?; Es= llave croma;
F= incrustation sur fond bleu; chromaclé}.
chromaclé {F} * see chroma key {E}.
chromatic aberration {E} * In optics, a fault or imperfection
in a double convex lens made from a single piece of glass.
Each colour has its own characteristic wavelength and
comes to a focus at a different point. filming through
lenses with this type of aberration produces colour fringing
or an overlapping of colour in the resultant print; see
spherical aberration; achromatic lens. {D= ?; Es=
aberración cromática; F= aberration chromatique}.
chromaticité {F} * see chromaticity {E}.
chromaticity {E} * The colour quality of light that is defined
by its hue and saturation. Chromaticity defines all the
qualities of colour except its brightness. {D= ?; Es=
cromatismo; cromaticidad; F= chromaticité}.
Chromdioxid {D} * see chromium dioxide {E}.
chrome alum {E} * An astringent compound used by film
laboratories in fixing baths. Dissolving readily in water, the
violet crystals form a purple solution which turns green
when heated. {D= ?; Es= alumbre de cromo; F= chrome
d'alum}.
chrome d'alum {F} * see chrome alum {E}.
chrome tape {E} * see chromium dioxide.
chrominance {E;F} * The pure colour information of a video
signal without the monochrome luminance signal. {D= ?;
Es= crominancia}.
chrominance {E} * The colour information in a colour
electronic image.39. {D= Chrominanz; Es= ?; F= ?}.
45
chrominance {F} * see also chroma {E}.
chrominance signal {E} * The I and Q sidebands of the
colour subcarrier in a colour signal. It carries information
relative to hue and saturation of colours but none relative
to brightness. {D= ?; Es= señal de crominancia; F= signal
de chrominance}.
Chrominanz {D} * see chrominance {E}.
chromium dioxide {E} * A compound of magnetic particle
oxide used as a coating on some magnetic tape,
especially cassette tape. Such tape has better signal-tonoise
ratio and response to short wavelengths at lower
speeds than iron oxide tapes. Used for audio, video, and
computer tapes.(04.) {D= Chromdioxid; Es= dióxido de
cromo; F= dioxyde de chrome}.
chron file {E} * see chronological file.
chrono {E;F} * see chronological file {E}.
chronological file {E} * A file containing copies of
documents arranged in sequential date order; also called
chron file, chrono, day file, or reading file, and, in Canada,
continuity file.22. {D= Auslaufserie; Durchschlagserie; Es=
serie cronológia; F= chronologie; chrono; pelurier}.
chronological inventory {E} * An inventory or list in which
the entries are made in a sequential date order, which may
not be the original order.22. {D= chronologische Liste; Es=
inventario cronológico; F= répertoire chronologique}.
chronologie {F} * see chronological file {E}.
chronologische Liste {D} * see chronological inventory {E}.
chutes {F} * see outtake {E}.
chutes de montage {F} * see trims {E}.
chutier {F} * see bin {E}.
cible {F} * see target {E}.
cicatriz oscura {Es} * see burn-in {E}.
ciclo {Es} * see cycle {E;F}.
ciclo de hitéresis {Es} * see hysteresis loop {E}.
ciclorama {Es} * see cyclorama (CYC) {E}.
CIE {D;E;F} * acronym for Comité internationale de
l'Eclairage.
CIE {Es} * acrónimo de Comité Internacional de l’Eclarage.
CIE chromaticity coordinates {E} * Chromatic coordinates
to CIE standards which are based on a system of
describing colours in terms of the colour matching
functions x', y', and z'. The purpose of these coordinates is
to insure that colours have the same values will appear the
same. {D= ?; Es= coordenadas de cromaticidad según
normas CIE; F= coordonnées chromatiques (normes
CIE)}.
CIE chromaticity diagram {E} * A chromatic chart to CIE
which depicts the coordinates of spectral colours in a
horseshoe-shaped curve. {D= ?; Es= diagrama de
cromaticidad CIE; F= diagramme chromatique CIE}.
cierre en iris {Es} * see iris-in/iris-out {E}.
cierre por caché móvil {Es} * see wipe {E}.
cilindro (gramófono) {Es} * see cylinder machine {E}.
cilindro de cera {Es} * see wax cylinder {E}.

cilindro {Es} * see cylinder {E;F}.
cilindro de cera de color marrón {Es} * see brown wax
cylinder {E}.
cilindro de cera negra {Es} * see black wax cylinder {E}.
cilindro de cuatro minutos (de duración) {Es} * see fourminute
cylinder {E}.
cilindro de dos minutos (de duración) {Es} * see twominute
cylinder {E}.
cilindro estándar {Es} * see standard cylinder {E}.
cilindros concierto {Es} * see concert cylinders {D;E}.
cilindros de cera blanca {Es} * see white wax cylinders {E}.
CIM {E} * acronym for computer input microfilm.
cinch marks {E} * see cinching.
Cinch {D} * see cinching {E}.
cinchado {Es} * see cinching {E}.
cinching {E} * Longitudinal slippage between the layers of
magnetic tape or strip film packs caused by 1) accelerated
and/or decelerated winding, or 2) film/tape wound too tight
when on a reel or hub. Can cause breakage, cracked
oxide, or permanent deformation and may result in straight
longitudinal scratches called cinch marks.(04.07.) {D=
Cinch; Es= cinchado; F= plissement (spires); enroulement
ondulé; glissement des spires}.
cine {Es} * see motion pictures {E}.
cine teoría que defiende la responsabilidad artística del
director {Es} * see auteur {E;F}.
cine verdadero literalmente, (documental) {Es} * see
cinema-verité {E;F}.
cine y sonidos combinados {Es} * see composite {E}.
cineasta {Es} * see cineaste {E}.
ciné mode {E;F} * 1) The arrangement of images on roll
film in which the lines of print or writing are perpendicular
to the length of the film for horizontal script and parallel for
vertical script. 2) The arrangement of images on a
microfiche in which the first micro images is in the top left
hand corner of the grid pattern and succeeding micro
images appear in sequence from top to bottom and in
columns from left to right.13. Technically referred to as
position 'a' orientation in the ANSI's USA Standard
Specifications for 16-mm and 35-mm Silver gelatin
Microfilms for Reel Applications. Synonymous with motion
picture orientation; see also comic mode.07. {D= ?; Es=
método cinematográfico; F= enregistrement en mode
vertical; mode ciné}.
cineaste {E} * A film maker; more generally, anyone
associ-ated with the movies, especially the educated
fan.30. {D= Filmemacher; Cineast; Es= cineasta; F=
cinéasté}.
cinéaste {F} * see cineaste {E}.
cinefilm {E} * Synonymous with motion picture film.07. {D=
Kinofilm; Spielfilm; Es= filme cinematográfico; F= film
cinématographique}.
cinéma nouvelle Amérique {F} * see New American
cinema {E}.
cinema-verité {E;F} * A French term which originally
referred to the use of lightweight equipment and two-man
46
crews (camera and sound) and the use of interview
techniques; now universally used to mean any kind of
documentary technique.30. see also kino-eye {E}. {D= ?;
Es= literalmente, cine verdadero (documental)}.
cinemagraphic {E} * The scientific study of film; see also
filmology.30. {D= Kinematographie; Filmkunst; Es=
cinematografía; cinematográfico; F= cinémagraphique}.
Cinemascope {Es} * see scope (1) {E}.
CinemaScope {D;E;Es;F} * The trademark of 20th-
Century Fox for its widescreen anamorphic process, a ratio
ranging from 2.35 to 2.55; originally developed in France
in the 1920s under the name Anamorphoscope.(30.10.)
cinemateca {Es} * see library shot {E}.
cinémathèque {F} * see film archives {E}.
cinematografía {Es} * see cinemagraphic {E}.
cinematografía {Es} * see cinematography {E}.
cinematográfico {Es} * see cinemagraphic {E}.
cinematógrafo {Es} * see cinematographer {E}.
cinematograph film {E} * see motion picture/s.
cinematographer {E} * The director of photography (in
England, the lighting cameraman) who is responsible for
the camera and lighting, and therefore, to a greater or
lesser extent, for the quality of the motion picture
image.30. {D= ?; Es= cinematógrafo; F= directeur de la
photographi}.
cinématographie {F} * see cinematography {E}.
cinématographique {F} * see cinemagraphic {E}.
cinematography {E} * The art or technique of motion
picture photography. {D= Kinematographie; Es=
cinematografía; F= cinématographie}.
Cinerama {D;E;Es;F} * A widescreen process invented
by Fred Waller, using three cameras which were
electronically syn-chronized in use between 1952 and
1962, replaced in 1962 by a single-camera anamorphic
process.(30.)
cinescope {F} * see picture tube {E}.
cinescopio {Es} * see kine; kinescope; picture tube {E}.
cinescopio de control {Es} * see monitor {D;E}.
cinescopio de máscara de sombra {Es} * see shadowmask
kinescope {E}.
cinescopio de placa perforada {Es} * see shadow-mask
kinescope
cinescopio de proyección {Es} * see projection kinescope
{E}.
cinex {E;F} * A short series of film frames printed with
various exposures to allow the camera operator to judge
the camera exposure; also called cinex strip and control
strip.10. {D= ?; Es= tira de cine; tira de control; F=
émulsion colloïdale}.
cinex strip {E} * see cinex.
cinta (sonoros) {Es} * see record (2)(3) {E}.
cinta {Es} * see strip (1) {E}.

cinta audio digital {Es} * see digital audio tape (DAT) {E}.
cinta autoadhesiva {Es} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape
{E}.
cinta certificada {Es} * see certified tape {E}.
cinta compacta {Es} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.
cinta de alineación {Es} * see alignment tape {E}.
cinta de audio {Es} * see audio tape {E}.
cinta de bajo nivel de impresión {Es} * see low print tape
{E}.
cinta de bajo nivel de ruido {Es} * see low noise tape {E}.
cinta de doble revesrimiento {Es} * see double-coated tape
{E}.
cinta de guía {Es} * see leader tape {E}.
cinta de larga duración {Es} * see extra play tape {E}.
cinta de metal evaporado {Es} * see metal evaporated tape
(ME) {E}.
cinta de papel perforada {Es} * see punched paper tape
{E}.
cinta de partículas {Es} * see metal particle tape (MP) {E}.
cinta de referencia estándar {Es} * see standard reference
tape {E}.
cinta de vídeo {Es} * see videocassette; videotape {E}.
cinta de vídeo de 19 mm de entrada analógica {Es} * see
D-2 {E}.
cinta de vídeo de alta capacidad de grabación {Es} * see
D-6 {E}.
cinta de vídeo de entrada analógica o digital {Es} * see D-3
{E}.
cinta de vídeo de primera generación {Es} * see firstgeneration
videotape {E}.
cinta de vídeo original {Es} * see camera original videotape
{E}.
cinta guardada sin rebobinar {Es} * see tails out {D;E}.
cinta magnética (específicamente) {Es} * see magnetic
tape {E}.
cinta magnética (genéricamente) {Es} * see magnetic tape
base {E}.
cinta magnetofónica {Es} * see audio reel {E}.
cinta matriz de vídeo editada {Es} * see edited master
videotape {E}.
cinta original {Es} * see master tape {E}.
cinta para hacer empalmes {Es} * see splicing tape {E}.
cinta perforada {Es} * see punched card {E}.
cinta pregrabada {Es} * see pre-recorded tape {E}.
cinta sin fin {Es} * see loop {E}.
cinta sonora {Es} * see record; sound recording {E}.
cinta verde {Es} * see green tape {E}.
47
cinta virgen {Es} * see blank tape {E}.
Cinta de Audio Digital {Es} * see DAT {E}.
Cinta de Componente Digital {Es} * see Digital
Componenet Tape {E}.
Cinta de Componente Digital {Es} * see Digital Component
Tape {E}.
CIRC {E} * acronym for cross interleave Reed-Solomon
code.
circuit {E;F} * A system of conductors and electrical
components through which electricity flows.39. {D=
Stromkreislauf; Schaltung; Es= circuito}.
circuit de conformation de bruit {F} * see noise-shaping
circuit {E}.
circuit de maintien {F} * see aperture circuit {E}.
circuit échantillonneur-bloqueur {F} * see sample-and-hold
circuit (SH) {E}.
circuit intégré {F} * see integrated circuit {E}.
circuito {Es} * see circuit {E;F}; line {E}.
circuito cerrado local {Es} * see local loop {E}.
circuito de abertura {Es} * see aperture circuit {E}.
circuito de ajuste de línea {Es} * see linear {D;E}.
circuito de entrada {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.
circuito de muestreo y retención {Es} * see sample-andhold
circuit (SH) {E}.
circuito de salida {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.
circuito formador de ruidos {Es} * see noise-shaping circuit
{E}.
circuito integrado {Es} * see integrated circuit {E}.
cita de referencia de amplitud estándar {Es} * see
standard amplitude reference tape {E}.
citric acid {E} * A chemical compound used by film
laboratories during the fixing process in place of acetic
acid. The colourless crystals dissolve readily in alcohol.
Citric acid is also used in clearing solutions. {D= ?; Es=
ácido cítrico; F= acid citrique}.
claimant {E} * The person or corporate body in whom is
vested the rights of ownership and protection against
unauthorized use of any given work, published or
unpublished.(12.) {D= ?; Es= demandante; F= ayant droit;
ayants droit}.
clair {F} * see brilliant {E}.
clamping zone {E} * The region of an optical disc which
may be in contact with the spindle and a clamping
mechanism.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona del mecanismo
sujetador; F= zone de serrag}.
clap {Es;F} * see clapper board; slate {E}.
clapper {F} * see clapper board {E}.
clapper board {E} * A blackboard or chalkboard,
photographed at the beginning of a moving-image shot,
upon which are written the pertinent data for the shot with
a clapstick on top which makes a sound used to
synchronize the sound and image.(30.) {D= Klappe; Es=

clap; claquetas; F= clap; claquette}.
claquement {F} * see click {E}.
claqueta {Es} * see slate {E}.
claquetas {Es} * see clapper board {E}.
claquette {F} * see clapper board; slate {E}.
clarté d'écran {F} * see screen brightness {E}.
clasificación {Es} * see classification {E;F}.
clasificación y ordenación {Es} * see arrangement (1) {E}.
clasificatión y ordenación acondicionamiento {Es} * see
arrangement {E}.
classement {F} * see arrangement {E}.
classer {F} * see file {E}.
classer {F} * see file {E}.
classification {E;F} * 1) A filing system or categorization
scheme for records/archives. 2) The placing of series
and/or items within such a system or scheme; see also
arrangement.(22.23.) {D= Klassifikation; Klassifizieren;
Es= clasificación; F= planification des classements}.
clavija de conmutación {Es} * see patch plug {E}.
clavija para auriculares (tipo telefónico) {Es} * see phone
plug {E}.
claw {E} * A mechanism used in motion picture cameras
and pro-jectors to move the film intermittently.09. {D=
Greifer; Es= garra; gancho; F= griffe}.
clean room {E} * ?? {D= ?; Es= sala limpia; F= salle
blanche}
cleaner {E} * see winder/cleaner; ultrasonic cleaner.
cleaning {E} * A general term used to describe the
elimination of dirt, dust, stains, etc., from materials. The
manner of cleaning can be done in a variety of ways
depending upon the nature of the soiling and of the object
being cleaned.(24.) {D= Reinigung; Es= limpieza; F=
nettoyage}.
cleaning cassette {E} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.
cleaning film/tape {E} * Film or tape material used to clean
the mechanism, film/tape path, and/or gate/magnetic head
of a film or tape machine; dependent upon its packaging,
may also be called cleaning cassette. {D= Reinigungsfilm;
Reinigungsband; Reinigungskassette; Es= filme o cinta de
limpieza; F= film/bande de nettoyage; nettoyage de film}.
cleaning tape {E} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.
clearance {E} * An administrative determination that an
individual may have access to restricted records or
information of a specified category.22.23. {D=
Ausnahmegenehmigung; Es= autorización de consulta; F=
accès par dérogation}.
clic {F} * see click; transient distortion {E}.
cliché {Es} * see cut (6) {E}.
cliché au colloïde {F} * see pigment print {E}.
cliché de medio tono {Es} * see halftone block {E}.
48
cliché de projection {F} * see lantern slide {E}.
click {E;Es} * The sound that an analogue grooved media
recording produces when its stylus goes over various
damages (cracks, breaks) or debris in the grooved track.
{D= ?; Es= chasquido; ruido seco; F= clic; cliquetis;
claquement}.
clignotements {F} * see blink {E}.
clipping {E} * A form of very audible sound playback
distortion produced by the capabilities of an amplifier being
exceeded (known as overload).(04.) 2) The removal of a
portion of a signal above and/or below a predetermined
level by a limiter. 3) The removal of a portion of a CRT
display that is too large for the screen. 4) The loss of the
beginning and/or ending of sounds, usually on soundactivated
devices.(10.) {D= ?; Es= 1) forma de
reproducción [lectura]; 2) limitador, 3) eliminación parcial
de la indicación visual CRT; 4) pérdida de sonidos; F= 1)
saturation (acoustique) 2) écrêtage 3) fenêtrage 4)
découpage}.
clips {E} * A short section or sections extracted from a
motion--picture film. When created during the process of
editing, the short sections are often called cuts or
trims.(12.) {D= ?; Es= secciones de filme; F= court extrait}.
clips de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.
clips de noticias {Es} * see news clip {E}.
cliquetis {F} * see click {E}.
cloc {F} * see bump {E}.
cloc de collage {F} * see bloop {E}.
clock {E} * A timing device that generates the basic
periodic sig-nal used as a source of synchro-nizing signals
in various electronic equip-ment.(39.) {D= ?; Es= reloj; F=
horloge}.
clock rate {E} * The time rate of pulses or events.39. {D=
?; Es= cadencia del reloj; F= fréquence d'horloge;
cadence}.
clock time {E} * In video production, a time code signal that
is locked to the advancing video frames. Clock time is
characteristic of Monochrome video and not NTSC colour
video which uses drop-frame time code. {D= ?; Es= tiempo
de reloj en clave; F= temps codé sur l'horloge; code
horaire sur l'heure réelle}.
cloisons mobiles {F} * see wild walls {E}.
cloque {F} * see bubble {E}.
cloruro amónico {Es} * see ammonium chloride {E}.
cloruro polivinílico {Es} * see polyvinyl chloride
(polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) {E}.
close-up {E} * In moving-image production and
photography, a shot of the face only.30. {D= ganz nah;
Groszaufnahme; grosz; Es= primer plano; F= demi-gros
plan; gros plan; plan rapproché; plan serré}.
closed captioning {E} * Captioning information that is
encoded on line 21 of each NTSC TV field and requires a
decoder to make the information visible on a monitor or
receiver. {D= ?; Es= leyendas cerradas; F= titre collectif}.
closed file {E} * 1) A dossier relating to a matter on which
action has been completed and to which further
documents are not likely to be added. 2) A dossier with
restrictions as to access as distinct from an open
file.(22.23.) {D= 1) geschlossene Akte; 2) Verschlußsache;

Verschlußsache/n; Es= 1) expediente concluso; 2) fichero
con etiqueta de cola; F= dossier classifié (protégé);
dossier clos}.
closed record group {E} * a record group to which further
materials are not likely to be added because of the
abolition of the agency, major administrative
reorganization, or basic change in the acquisitions or filing
plan/system of the archive.(22.23.) {D= geschlossener
Bestand; Es= fondo cerrado; F= série close; fonds clos}.
CLUT {E} * acronym for colour look-up table.
CLV {E} * acronym for constant linear ve-locity.
CMS {E} * abbreviation for centimetres per second.
CMX EDITING {E} * acronym for computer assisted editing
system. {D= ?; Es= edición CMX; acrónimo de Revisión
por Ordenador; F= édition assistée par ordinateur}.
CNA {F} * see DAC {E}.
CNR {E} * acronym for carrier-to-noise ratio.
co-channel interference {E} * Interference that occurs
when two television stations operating on the same
frequency are received at the same location. {D= ?; Es=
interferencia de dos emisoras de televisión; F=
interférence sur canal commun}.
co-operation/in association with {E} * A credit for a
corporate body or person, other than the main production
company or staff, who aids in one or more production
functions in an audiovisual production.(12.) {D= ?; Es=
cooperación; en asociación con; F= coopération/en
association avec}.
co-producción {Es} * see co-production {E}.
co-producción internacional {Es} * see international coproduction
{E}.
co-production {E} * A work resulting from the joint efforts of
two or more production companies, possibly based in
different counties.(12.) {D= Koproducktion; Es= coproducción;
F= coproduction}.
coarse groove {E} * Term used to describe the channel
size prevalent in most shellac recordings, as opposed to
the microgroove used in modern 33a-RPM Lp sound
recordings.(04.) {D= Makrorille; Es= ranura tosca [rugosa;
gruesa]; F= sillon large}.
coated lens {E} * A camera lens covered with a very thin
layer of transparent material, possibly magnesium fluoride
or calcium fluoride, that reduces amount of light reflected
by the surface of the lens. A coated lens usually transmits
more light than an uncoated lens at the same f-stop, and
less flare.09. {D= ?; Es= lente tratada; lente con
recubrimiento antireflejante; F= lentille traitée; objectif
traité}.
coating {E} * 1) The magnetic layer of a magnetic tape
consisting of oxide or metal particles held in a binder that
is applied to the carrier, holding the magnetically recorded
signal.(46.) 2) The outer layer on a laminated disc or
cylinder in which the grooves are cut.04. 3) The emulsion
on film. 4) Any substance applied to the base, such as the
emulsion, magnetic coating, or back coating. {D=
Beschichtung; Es= revestimiento; aplicación de la
emulsión; capa magnética; F= 1) couche magnétique 2)
couche gravée 3) émulsion d'un film 4) enduit}.
coating resistance {E} * The electrical resistance of the
layer measured between two parallel electrodes spaced a
known distance apart along the length of magnetic tape.
On the specification sheets this is called resistivity.46. {D=
49
Schichtweiderstand; Es= resistencia del revestimiento; F=
résistance (électrique) du revêtement}.
coating thickness {E} * The thickness of the coating
applied to the base of multi-layered materials, most
specifically, magnetic tape or laminated discs. In general,
thin coatings on magnetic tape have excellent resolution at
the expense of reduced output at long wavelengths; thick
coatings give high output at long wavelengths at the
expense of resolution. (04.46.) {D= Schichtdicke; Es=
espesor del revestimiento; F= épaisseur du revêtement}.
coating transfer {E} * In magnetic tape, the unintentional
relocation of a portion of the magnetic veneer from one
layer of tape (front side) to another layer (backside) during
storage in a wound pack or reel. This can cause loss of
sound during playback or excess deposit (buildup) of the
transferred material onto the tape heads.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
migración de la capa magnética; F= transfert (spire à
spire) de la couche magnétique}.
coax {E} * abbreviation for coaxial.
coaxial {E;Es;F} * A shielded single cable used to carry
video or antenna signals.(35.) {D= Coaxial}
coaxial cable (triax) {E} * A electronic single line for a video
camera which carries all the video, control, and power
connections that are required.
Coaxial {D} * see coaxial {E}.
cobalt doping {E} * 1) The act of adding cobalt or a cobalt
compound to the material destined for use as the
magnetizable medium of a magnetic tape. 2) The cobalt
doping, itself.10. {D= Kobaltdotierung; Es= barnizado de
cobalto; F= dopage au cobalt}.
cobalt thiocyanate {E} * A cobalt salt used to measure
relative humidity (R/H). Materials, such as paper,
impregnated with the salt will turn from varying shades of
blue to varying shades of pink, depending on the R/H. The
colour can be compared to a standard colour chart to indsive,
this process is not particularly accurate -using this
process readings can not be measured to better than five
percent- and it does not lend itself to measurements in
large rooms. It is inexpensive, however, and can be used
in exhibit cases; see also hair hygrometer; hygrometer;
psychrometer; recording hygrothermograph; relative
humidity; sling psychrometer.(26.) {D= ?; Es= tiocianato de
cobalto; F= thiocyanate de cobalt}.
cobalt-doped oxide {E} * An oxide, usually gamma-ferric
oxide, that has a higher magnetic coercivity as a
consequence of having a small quantity of cobalt added
during manufacturer.10. {D= Kobalt-dotiertes Oxid; Es=
óxido de cobalto impuro; F= oxyde dopé au cobalt}.
cociente de Strehl {Es} * see Strehl ratio {E}.
cockle/cockling {E} * 1) Wrinkling or puckering caused by
uneven drying. 2) The shrinking of stretched paper as it
dries.32. 3) Also applied to rising, pulling, waving or curling
of various materials caused by the use of the wrong type
of adhesive or too much adhesive.45. {D= Runzeln;
Kräuseln; Faltenwerfen; Deformierung; Es= arrugas;
contracción; abarquillamiento; ondulaciones; deformación;
F= fronces; détérioration}.
cocoloris {F} * see cucolouris {E}.
codage de trame SMPTE/ANSI {F} * see SMPTE/ANSI
Frame Coding {E}.
codage delta YUV {F} * see delta yuv (DYUV) {D;E}.
codage temporel non-drop frame {F} * see non-drop frame;
non-linear distortion {E}.

codage yuv {F} * see yuv encoding {D;E}.
code de contrôle par redondance cyclique {F} * see cyclic
redundancy check code (CRCC) {E}.
code de détection et de correction d'erreurs {F} * see error
detection and correction code (EDCC) {E}.
code de Hamming {F} * see Hamming code {E}.
code horaire inscrit dans l'espace de suppression trame
{F} * see VITC {E}.
code horaire sur l'heure réelle {F} * see clock time {E}.
code Reed-Solomon à entrelacement croisé {F} * see
cross-interleave Reed-Solomon code (CIRC) {E}.
code temporel {F} * see time code {E}.
code temporel inséré danrant l'intervalle de suppression
de trame (VITC) {F} * see vertical interval time code {E}.
Code de Produit Universel {F} * see Universal Product
Code (UPC) {E}.
codeur {F} * see encoder {E}.
codeur couleur {F} * see colour encoder {E}.
codificación por elementos compuestos {Es} * see
component coding {E}.
codificación por elementos individuales {Es} * see
component coding {E}.
codificador {Es} * see encoder {E}.
codificador cromático {Es} * see colour encoder; matrices
{E}.
codigo de tiempo {Es} * see time code {D;E}.
código de comprobación de la redundancia cíclica {Es} *
see cyclic redundancy check code (CRCC) {E}.
código de detección y corrección de errores {Es} * see
error detection and correction code (EDDC) {E}.
código de impulsos {Es} * see pulse code modulation
(PCM) {D;E}.
código de numeración del tiempo de cada fotograma de
un vídeo consecutivamente {Es} * see non-drop frame {E}.
código de tiempo {Es} * see time code {D;E}.
código de tiempo de intervalo vertical {Es} * see vertical
interval time code {E}.
código de tiempo longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal time
code (LTC) {D;E}.
código Hamming {Es} * see Hamming code {E}.
código horario {Es} * see time code {D;E}.
código Reed-Solomon de corrección de errores en discos
compactos {Es} * see cross-interleave Reed-Solomon
code (CIRC) {E}.
código yux {Es} * see yuv encoding {D;E}.
Código de Tiempo del Intervalo Vertical {Es} * see VITC
{E}.
Código de Tiempo Diario {Es} * see TOD {E}.
50
Código Universal para Productos {Es} * see Universal
Product Code (UPC) {E}.
coding {E} * see edge numbers.
coefficient d'anamorphose {F} * see anamorphic squeeze
{E}.
coefficient de dilatation hygroscopique {F} * see coefficient
of hygroscopic expansion {E}.
coefficient de dilatation thermique {F} * see coefficient of
thermal expansion {E}.
coefficient de frottement {F} * see coefficient of friction {E}.
coefficient dynamique de frottement {F} * see dynamic
coefficient of friction (UD) {E}.
coefficient of friction {E} * The tangential force required to
maintain (dynamic coefficient) or initiate (static coefficient)
motion between two surfaces divided by the normal force
pressing the two surfaces together.46. {D=
Reibungskoeffifient; Es= coeficiente de fricción; F=
coefficient de frottement}.
coefficient of hygroscopic expansion {E} * The relative
increase in the linear dimension of a material (i.e., tape,
base material, or disc) percent increase in relative humidity
measured in a given humidity range.(04.46.) {D=
hygreskopischer Ausdeknungskoeffizrent; Es= coeficiente
de expansión higroscópica; F= coefficient de dilatation
hygroscopique}.
coefficient of thermal expansion {E} * The relative increase
in the linear dimension of a tape or base material per
degree rise in temperature measured in a given
temperature range.04.46. {D= thermischer
Ausdehnungskoeffizient; Es= coeficiente de expansión
térmica; F= coefficient de dilatation thermique}.
coeficiente de expansión higroscópica {Es} * see
coefficient of hygroscopic expansion {E}.
coeficiente de expansión térmica {Es} * see coefficient of
thermal expansion {E}.
coeficiente de fricción {Es} * see coefficient of friction {E}.
coeficiente del positivado {Es} * see density {E}.
coeficiente dinámico de fricción {Es} * see dynamic
coefficient of friction (UD) {E}.
coeficiente positivado {Es} * see density {E}.
coercitividad {Es} * see coercivity {E}.
coercivité {F} * see coercivity {E}.
coercivity {E} * The demagnetizing force or field intensity
required to reduce the induction of a piece of tape
(exclusive of air induction effects) from saturation to zero.
A figure of merit for magnetic tape useful for comparing
relative bias and erase field require-ments. In magnetic
tape this becomes an indicator of maximum energy
available from a recorded tape. Usually expressed in
Oersteds; also known as intrinsic coercivity; see also
intrinsic coercive force.(04.16.10.) {D= Koerzitivkraft; Es=
coercitividad; F= coercitivité; force coercitive; champ
coercitif; coercivité}.
cola {Es} * see glue; leader {E}.
cola animal {Es} * see animal glue {E}.
cola de cometa {Es} * see comet tail {E}.

colaborador {Es} * see collaborator {E}.
colage {F} * see splicing {E}.
cold-setting adhesive {E} * A glue that sets at a
temperature below 20°C (68°F).45. {D= Kaltleim; Es=
adhesivo de endurecimiento en frío; F= colle à froid}.
colección {Es} * see collection {E;F}.
colgadero {Es} * see hanger {E}.
collaborateur {F} * see collaborator {E}.
collaborator {E} * One who works with one or more
associates to produce a work; all may make the same kind
of contribution, as in the case of shared responsibility, or
they may make different kinds of contributions, as in the
case of collaboration between an artist and a writer.03. {D=
Mitarbeiter; Es= colaborador; F= collaborateur}.
collage tête-bande {F} * see head stick {E}.
collant {F} * see splice; tape splicer {E}.
colle {F} * see glue; paste {E}.
colle à chaud {F} * see hot-melt adhesives {E}.
colle à froid {F} * see cold-setting adhesive {E}.
colle d'origine animale {F} * see animal glue {E}.
collection {E;F} * 1) An artificial accumulation of
documents of any provenance brought together on the
basis of some common character-istic, e.g. way of
acquisition, subject, language, medium, name of collector.
2) A body of documents comprising a record/archive group
with other related materials of different provenance/s. 3) A
loose usage for private records/archives.22.23. {D=
Sammlung; Nachlaß; Es= colección}.
collection development {E} * A term which encompasses
a number of activities related to the development of the
library or archive groups, including the determination and
coordination of selection policy, assessment of needs of
users and potential users, collection use studies, collection
evaluation, identification of collection needs, selection and
acquisition of materials, planning for resource sharing,
collection maintenance, and weeding.(01.) {D= ?; Es=
desarrollo de los fondos; F= développement (gestion) des
collections}.
collection maintenance {E} * 1) A term covering all of the
activities carried out by a library or archive to preserve the
materials in its care, including packaging, mending,
repairing, materials conversion, etc. 2) One aspect of
collection development.(01.) {D= ?; Es= mantenimiento de
los fondos; F= entretien des collections}.
collective title {E} * A title proper that is an inclusive title for
an item containing several individual works.(12.) {D= ?;
Es= título colectivo; F= titre collectif}.
colleuse à scotch {F} * see tape splicer {E}.
colleuse bout-à-bout {F} * see butt splicer {E}.
colleuse coller {F} * see splicer {E}.
collimateur {F} * see collimator lens {E}.
collimator lens {E} * An optical component used in some
optical media pickups to make divergent light rays
parallel.39. {D= ?; Es= lente colimadora; F= collimateur;
lentille collimateur}.
collodion {E;F} * A viscous mixture used especially as a
51
coating for wounds or for photographic plates. {D= ?; Es=
colodión}.
colloid {E} * A gelatinous substance which when dissolved
in a liquid will not diffuse readily through vegetable or
animal membranes.41. {D= kolloidal; Es= coloide; F=
colloïde}.
colloid emulsion {E} * A coated, light-sensitive layer in
which the medium is a colloid. Organic colloids used in
photography include albumen, gelatin, glue, gum arabic,
and starch.42. {D= ?; Es= emulsión coloidal; F= emulsion
colloïde}.
colloïde {F} * see colloid {E}.
collotype {E} * A photo-mechanical process made directly
from a hardened emulsion of bichromated gelatin on glass.
A collotype, which is a variety of photogravure, gives a
continuous tone image. The process was discovered in
1852 by William Henry Fox Talbot. The first person to use
the process for the production of printing plates was
Alphonse Louis Poitevin. Phototype, albertype, artotype,
heliotype and Lichtdruck are forms of collotype; also called
a gelatin print.19. {D= ?; Es= colotipia; F= calotype}.
collure {F} * see splice {E}.
collure bord à bord {F} * see butt splice {E}.
collure bout-à-bout {F} * see butt splice {E}.
collure colage {F} * see splicing {E}.
colmatage des têtes {F} * see head clog {E}.
colocación espaciada {Es} * see honeycombing {E}.
colocar objetos en estanterías {Es} * see shelving (1, 2)
{E}.
colodión {Es} * see collodion {E}.
coloide {Es} * see colloid {E}.
color {E/US} * see colour {E}.
color {Es} * see colour; hue {E}.
color aditivo {Es} * see additive colour {E}.
color azul-verde {Es} * see cyan {E}.
color de la imagen {Es} * see image colour {E}.
color negro {Es} * see black burst; colour black {E}.
colorant azo {F} * see azo dye {E}.
colorant polymère {F} * see dye-polymer {E}.
colorante azoíco {Es} * see azo dye {E}.
coloré main {F} * see hand-coloured {E}.
coloreado (-a) a mano {Es} * see hand-coloured {E}.
colores primarios aditivos {Es} * see additive colour
primaries {E}.
colores secundarios {Es} * see secondary colours {E}.
colotipia {Es} * see collotype; gelatin print {E}.
colour {E;Es} * An encompassing term referring to the
character of light other than spatial and temporal
inhomogeneities; principally, the aspect of hue, saturation,
and brightness; see also Technicolor; solarization.30. {D=
Farbe; F= couleur}.

colour balance {E} * 1) The ability of a film to reproduce the
colours of a scene. colour films are balanced in
manufacture for exposure to light of a certain colour quality
(i.e., daylight tungsten, etc.). 2) The reproduction of
colours in colour prints which can be altered during the
printing process. May be controlled with filers on the
camera or in the printer.09. 3) The ability of a video
camera to reproduce the colours of a scene. Video camera
are adjusted to balance under the exposure of light in a
certain colour temperature (i.e., daylight tungsten, etc.).
{D= ?; Es= 1) equilibrio de color; 2) cambios de color
durante el positivado; 3) habilidad para reproducir colores
escénicos con cámara de vídeo; F= gris équivalent;
équilibre des couleurs; balance de couleur; équilibrage des
couleurs}.
colour bars {E} * A video test signal that provides the
necessary elements for visual set up and adjustment of
video equipment. It includes white level, black level,
chroma level, and hue information. {D= ?; Es= barras de
color; F= mire de barres (de couleur); charte de couleurs}.
colour black {E} * A video composite signal that combines
the colour subcarrier, horizontal sync, vertical sync, and a
black video signal. The video signal has no luminance
component. Colour Black is laid on tapes for editing in the
insert mode. It is also known as Black Burst. colour burst.
A portion of a video signal used to synchronize the colour
reception of a TV receiver or the playback of a videotape
deck. also known as a colour subcarrier. {D= ?; Es= color
negro; F= noir couleur}.
colour correction {E} * 1) Alteration of the colour of a video
scene by the use of electronic circuits which separate the
signal into its Red, Green, and Blue components for
individual processing and correction upon recombination.
2) Alteration of tonal values of coloured objects or images
by the use of light filters, either with camera or printer. The
alteration is accompanied by means of colour
compensating (CC) filters or by colour printing (CP)
filters.09. {D= Farbkorrektur; Es= corrección del color
mediante filtros; corrección del color con circuitos
electrónicos; F= correction de couleur}.
colour corrector {E} * An electronic instrument to correct a
video signal which was produced in an out-of-balance
system. {D= ?; Es= corrector de color; F= correcteur de
couleur}.
colour difference signal {E} * The calculation of the chroma
signal without the luminance (Y) information (i.e., R-Y, B-Y,
and G-Y). {D= ?; Es= señal diferencial de color; F= signal
de différence de couleur}.
colour distortions {E} * Distortions of the colour information
of a video signal. These can be artifacts, differential gain,
differential phase, envelope delay, or gain inequality. {D=
?; Es= distorsión del color; F= distorsions de couleur}.
colour encoder {E} * An electronic device that produces a
NTSC colour video signal from separate Red, Green, and
Blue video signals. also known as a colour modulator or
colourplexer. {D= ?; Es= codificador cromático; F= codeur
couleur}.
colour frame pulse {E} * A 15 hertz pulse that identifies the
colour frame in the time code signal. The colour frame
pulse is obtained from the master sync source and is
supplied to the time code generator. {D= ?; Es= pulsación
del cuadro de color; F= trame couleur}.
colour framing {E} * The phase of the subcarrier with
respect to the lines and fields that make up the colour
picture. In the NTSC system, the colour frame is
determined by the phase of the colour subcarrier at the
beginning of line 10 of the first field of each frame. {D= ?;
Es= cuadro [enmarcación] de color; F= tramage; couleur;
synchronisation des trames couleur}.
52
colour key {E} * A system based on pixel-by-pixel colour
matching to control overlay transparency. 2) A technique
in which parts of an image are determined to be
transparent based on the colour values. 3) The process of
using separate acetate overlays to produce a coloured
picture.(10.) {D= ?; Es= llave de color; F= ?}.
colour look-up table (CLUT) {E} * A means of compressing
the amount of information needed to store pictorial
information by allowing only 256 colours (tints and
brightness) and holding these absolute values in a table.
The colour of a given picture element or pixel is then
defined as a value from this table, which contains all the
colours that may be used in an individual picture. The
picture is then encoded using the table addresses rather
than absolute values.10. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= compression
CLUT}.
colour reversal intermediate-negative film (CRI) {E} * A
process which allows the making of a colour duplicate
negative without first making an intermediate positive; see
also internegative. {D= ?; Es= película internegativa de
inversión del color (CRI); F= film réversible internégatif
couleur}.
colour sensitivity {E} * 1) The portion of the spectrum to
which an item is sensitive. The ability of the eye or
photographic stock to respond to various wavelengths of
light. Sometimes confused with spectral sensitivity; see
panchromatic; orthochromatic.09. 2) The colour quality -
expressed in degrees kelvin (k)- of the light source. The
higher the colour temperature, the bluer the light, the lower
the temperature, the redder the light.09. {D= ?; Es=
sensibilidad crómatica; F= sensibilité chromatique}.
colour subcarrier {E} * In the NTSC colour system, the
carrier whose modulation sidebands are added to the
monochrome signal to convey the colour information. Also
called the subcarrier and burst. {D= ?; Es= subportadora
cromática; F= sous-porteuse couleur; sous porteuse
chrominance}.
colour temperature {E} * 1) The temperature of a
blackbody that generates light with the closest visual
colour match to the source being specified.10. 2) The
human nervous system makes many automatic
adjustments for variances in the physical quality of light
which enters the eye. Since neither cameras nor present
film stocks can make those adjust-ments automatically, the
cameraman must spend much energy and time
compensating for those variances, one of the most
important of which is colour temperature, which is
measured in degrees kelvin (k). Sunlight (and ideal white
light) has a colour temperature of 6000°K.46. 3) The colour
quality --expressed in degrees kelvin (K)-- of the light
source. The higher the colour temperature, the bluer the
light; the lower the temperature, the redder the light.09.
{D= Farbempfindlichkeit; Farbtemperatur; Es= temperatura
del color; F= température de couleur}.
colour under {E} * Systems which reduce and limit the
chroma information instead of interleaving it as in NTSC
and PAL systems. Its name is derived from the colour
subcarrier being recorded below the bank occupied by the
video signal. {D= ?; Es= subportadora cromática; F=
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable
sur disque compact}.
coloured illustration {E} * An illustration in two or more
colours (neither black nor white is a colour).(03.) {D=
Farbabbildung; Es= ilustración coloreada; F= illustration
colorée}.
COM {E} * acronym for computer output microfilm.
comb filter {E} * An electronic circuit that makes colour
video images sharper by improving the signal-to-noise
ration by nearly 3 Db, by removing noise.(35.) {D= ?; Es=

filtro de característica en peine; filtro de onda; F= filtre en
peigne}.
combinación de señales independientes {Es} * see
multiplexing {E}.
combinación matricial (para transformar la señal de TV en
colores) {Es} * see matrixing {E}.
combination attachment {E} * An equipment converter
package, offered for sale first by the Edison Co. in 1908 at
the introduction of their four-minute Amberol Record, which
allowed the new recording format to be played on twominute
cylinder machines. The package consisted of a
four-minute sapphire reproducer, extra gearing to halve the
speed of the feed screw, and other accessories to suit the
type and model of the equipment to be modified. This was
changed somewhat when Blue Amberol Records replaced
Amberol Records in 1912: the package then included a
diamond reproducer. The package was, also, available
after 1926 to convert the Diamond Disc machines to play
Long Playing Records besides standard Diamond Discs.
As audiovisual equipment has evolved other converter
packages have appeared, for example, the inclusion of a
sleeve to fit over a standard spindle to allow the larger
holed 45-RPM disc to be played on turntables which could
spin at both 33a- and 45-RPM.(14.) {D= ?; Es= dispositivo
de conservación; F= système de conversion}.
combination equipment {E} * Audiovisual playback
equipment with special mechanism (i.e., gearing, tone
arm, styli, magnetic heads) which allows the playing of
variations on the base format (i.e., two-minute and fourminute
cylinders; 78-, 45-, and 33a-RPM discs; type II and
III Beta video cassette equipment) with minimum if any
additional equipment and/or converter attachments. {D= ?;
Es= equipo de reproducción; F= équipement de
conversion}.
combiné (image & son) {F} * see composite {E}.
comédien {F} * see player {E}.
comet tail {E} * A spurious video signal that results from
the transducer's response to a change in light level which
overloads its photosensitive surface. Also referred to as
bleeding. {D= ?; Es= cola de cometa; F= traînage
dynamique; effet de comète}.
comic mode {E} * 1) The arrangement of images on a roll
of microfilm in which the lines of print or writing are parallel
to the length of the film for horizontal film and
perpendicular for vertical script (in the same manner of the
panels of a newspaper comic strip). 2) The arrangement of
images on a microfiche in which the first micro image is in
the top left hand corner of the grid pattern and succeeding
micro images appear in sequence from left to right and in
rows from top to bottom.13. Technically referred to as
position b orientation in ANSI's USA standard specification
for 16-mm and 35-mm silver gelatin microfilms for reel
applications; see also cine mode. {D= ?; Es= a la manera
de los cómics; F= enregistrement en mode horizontal}.
comienzo {Es} * see start mark {E}.
comienzo preparado {Es} * see heads out {E}.
Comisión Federal de Comunicación {Es} * see FCC {E}.
Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones (EEUU) {Es} * see
Federal Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E}.
Comité Internacional de l’Eclarage {Es} * see CIE {E}.
commande à pied {F} * see foot switch {E}.
commanditaire {F} * see sponsor {E}.
53
commentaires {F} * see liner notes {E}.
commentateur {F} * see jeep {E}.
commentative sound {E} * An audio track in a movingimage
production whose source is outside the reality of the
scene being photographed.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido
doblado [añadido]; F= voix commentaire; voix "off"}.
commercial {E;F} * A short persuasive moving-image or
audio production, often of 15 to 60 seconds duration,
usually highly contrived and normally presented on
television or radio, which attempts to convince the
audience to buy a product, take some specific action, or
adopt a favourable view towards some product, institution,
business or issue; not to be confused with public service
announcement.(12.) {D= Werbefilm; Werbesendung; Es=
anuncio; F= publicitée; message de publicité}.
commission fédérale de communication {F} * see Federal
Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E}.
communication restreinte {F} * see restricted access {E}.
compact cassette (CC) {E} * The most widely known
magnetic audio cassette format using 0.15-inch tape. tape
speed is generally 4.76 CPS / 1#-IPS. Designed to
operate in two directions, either with mono or stereo tracks
using slightly less than half the tape width. Playing time
depends upon the thickness of the tape, with standard
durations being 30 minutes (C30), 60 minute (C60), 90
minutes (C90), and 120 minutes (C120). Dependent upon
the recording playback system, may use any of the
available types of magnetic tape (i.e. Ferric oxide,
chromium dioxide, etc.) or tape noise suppression systems
(i.e. Dolby) {D= Kompaktkassette; Es= cinta compacta;
casete compacta; F= cassette compacte}.
compact disc (CD) {E} * A recording medium, introduced
commercially in 1983, consisting of a 12 cm/4.72-inch disc,
made principally of plastic coated with a reflective surface
of micro-thin reflective metal, commonly aluminium in
commercial discs, and a protective layer of lacquer.
Presently used primarily for audio and CD-ROM
recordings. Normally recorded and played on one side only
at this time, the medium can yield up to 72 minutes of
audio signal per side. The sonic content consists of
digitally encoded sets of binary numbers translated into
minute pits that are etched or otherwise placed in/on the
reflective layer of the disc and read from inside to outside
by a low power LASER light beam as the disc revolves at
constant linear velocity at speeds reaching from 500- to
200-pm; see also LASER disc.(04.) {D= Compact Disk;
Es= disco compacto; F= disque compact}.
compact disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E} * A compact disc
system which carries video and other non-audio data.(39.)
{Es= disco compacto+gráficos; F= disque
compact+graphique}.
compact disc+midi (CD+MIDI) {D;E} * A compact disc
system which carries midi information in its sub-code
area.(39.) {Es= disco compacto + midi; F= disque
compact+midi}.
compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E} * A compact disc system
which carries twenty (20) minutes of digital audio on an 8centimetre
diametre disc.(39.). {Es= disco compacto-3; F=
disque compact-3}.
compact disc-digital audio (CD-DA) {D;E} * A compact disc
system which has only digital audio.(39.) {Es= CD-DA;
disco compacto-audio digital; F= disque compact
audionumérique}.
compact disc-interactive (CD-I) {D;E} * A compact disc
system which may carry digital audio, video, text, and
graphics information interactively, with user control over

content and presentation.(39.) {Es= CD-I; disco compacto
interactivo; F= disque compact interactif}.
compact disc-interactive extended (CD-IX) {D;E} * A CD-I
system which accommodates more functions than CD-
I.(10.) {Es= CD-IX; disco compacto de extensión
interactiva; F= disque compact intéractif étendu}.
compact disc-programmable read only memory (CD-
PROM) {D;E} * A write-once CD-ROM. {Es= disco
compacto sólo lector de memoria programable; F=
architecture étendue pour mémoire morte programmable
sur disque compact}.
compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) {D;E} * A
computer peripheral in the form of a compact disc to store
c.550 megabytes/250,000+ typewritten pages of data for
later retrieval. The data is placed on the disc at the time of
manufacturer; see also LASER disc.(18.) {Es= ?; F=
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement;
cédérom}.
compact disc-read only memory extended architecture
(CD-ROM XA) {D;E} * An extended architecture CD-ROM
containing audio and screen standards from the compact
disc-interactive format.(39.) {F= mémoire sur disque
compact à lecture uniquement et à architecture étendue;
cédérom-XA; Es= CD-ROM XA; disco compacto de
arquitecura extendida sólo lector de memoria}.
compact disc-real-time operating system (CD-RTOS) {D;E}
* The software necessary to operate and manipulate a
compact disc-inter-active or compact disc-read only
memory system, based on OS-46.(39.) {F= système
d'exploitation multitâche en temps réel sur disque
compact; Es= CD-RTOS; disco compacto de sistema
operativo a tiempo real}.
compact disc-recordable (CD-R) {D;E} * see compact discwrite
once.
compact disc-video (CD-V) {D;E} * A compact disc system
which carries up to 5 minutes of analogue video, plus 20
minutes of digital audio, on a standard size compact disc,
and longer times on 20-centimetre or 30-centimetre
diametre optical discs.(39.) {F= disque compact vidéo (CD-
V); Es= CD-V; disco compacto y [de] vídeo}.
compact disc-write-once (CD-WO) {D;E} * A compact disc
system which permits data (audio or otherwise) to be
written onto a standard compact disc.(39.) {F= disque
compact à écriture unique et lecture multiple; Es= disco
compacto de escritura única}.
compact shelving {E} * A system of mobile shelving
intended to save space and/or guarantee security
comprising movable back-to-back rows, actuated manually
or electrically, either horizontally on rails or rotating
through a quarter-circle on a pivot.(22.23.) {F= rayonnage
dense; rayonnage compact; D= Compactusregal;
Kompaktregal; Kompaktersystem; Rollgestellanlage; Es=
compactus; estantería densa}.
Compact Disk {D} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.
compactus {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.
Compactusregal {D} * see compact shelving {E}.
compartimentage {F} * see partition {E}.
compartimento portacarrete {Es} * see magazine (1)
{E;Es;F}.
compartment {E} * see bay.
compatibilidad {Es} * see compatibility {E}.
54
compatibilité {F} * see compatibility {E}.
compatibility {E} * Composite colour is said to be
compatible with the monochrome format if its
transmissions can be received on monochrome receivers
and, and monochrome transmissions can be received on
colour receivers. The NTSC system is fully compatible. If
a system fails these test it is noncompatible.
Complementary Colour. A video colour formed by
subtracting a reference colour from white light. {F=
compatibilité; D= ?; Es= compatibilidad}.
compensación {Es} * see balance stripe; offset {E}.
compensación de paralelaje {Es} * see parallax {E}.
compensación del empuje lateral (tocadiscos) {Es} * see
antiskating compensation {E}.
compensador de la caída de desprendimiento {Es} * see
dropout compensator {E}.
compensador de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout
compensator {E}.
compensateur de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout
compensator {E}.
compensateur de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout
compensator {E}.
compensation {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.
compensation de poussée latérale antiskating {F} * see
antiskating compensation {E}.
compensator {E} * see equalizer.
competencia archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction
{E}.
compilador {Es} * see compiler {E}.
compilateur {F} * see compiler {E}.
compilation {E;F} * An audiovisual work made up of
thematically or graphically organized segments of other
works, edited together to make an altogether new
work.(12.) {D= Kompilation; Es= recopilación}.
compiler {E} * 1) One who produces a collection by
selecting and putting together matter from the works of
various persons or bodies. 2) One who selects and puts
together in one publication matter from the works of one
person or body.(03.) {F= compilateur; D= Umwandler;
Compiler; Übersetzer; Es= compilador; recompilador}.
Compiler {D} * see compiler {E}.
compliance {E} * The ease with which a stylus moves from
side to side and up and down in a groove.(04.) {F=
élasticité; (compliance); acquiescement; D=
Nachgiebigkeit (Nadel); Es= conformidad}.
component {E} * A system whereby the luminance and
chrominance video signals are recorded separately. {F=
composante; composant; pièce détachée; D= ?; Es=
componente; elemento}.
component coding {E} * Individual elements that represent
the parts of a composite video signal. In component
television, these elements include Y (luminance), R-Y & B-
Y (the colour difference signals), or R, G, & B (the
individual colour signals). The splitting of a video signal
into three parts: either the primary colour signals RGB, or,
for recording purposes, yuv. A simplified variant is the
splitting into two signals only, YC. {F= élément de codage;
D= Signaldarstellung; Komponenten-Signaldarstellung;

Es= codificación por elementos individuales [elementos
compuestos]}.
component demagnetization {E} * see demagnetization.
componente {Es} * see component; coupler {E}.
componente análogo múltiple {Es} * see multiple analogue
component (MAC) {E}.
Componente Analógico Múltiple {Es} * see MAC {E}.
componentes de una cámara {Es} * see camera chain {E}.
composant {F} * see component {E}.
composante {F} * see component {E}.
composantes analogiques multiplexées (dans le temps)
{F} * see multiple analogue component (MAC) {E}.
composición {Es} * see montage {E;F}.
Composit {D} * see composite {E}.
composite {E;F} * 1) A video system in which all luminance
(Y) and colour difference signals (R-Y, B-Y) have been
combined together for recording and broadcast. The signal
is decoded at playback or when viewed on a video monitor
or TV set. The distinction of a composite signal is
important when compared to component video. 2) A video
signal that results from combining the picture signal with
sync. This designation arose due to some NTSC systems
which processed signals in the non-composite mode prior
to the addition of the sync signal. 3) A single piece of
motion picture film-bearing picture and matching sound;
see also married print.09. {F= standard; combiné (image
& son); copie standard; D= Filmkopie mit Lichttonspur;
Composit; Es= copia estándar; cine y sonidos
combinados}.
composite print {E} * see composite {E}.
compresión {Es} * see compression {E;F}.
compresión analógica {Es} * see analogue compression
{E}.
compresión anamórfica {Es} * see anamorphic squeeze
{E}.
compresión de la imagen {Es} * see compression {E;F};
image compression {E}.
compresión del negro {Es} * see black compression {E}.
compresión JPEG {Es} * see JPEG compression {E}.
compresor {Es} * see pressure plate {E}.
compression {E;F} * The automatic reduction made in an
audio or video signal to minimize distortion.10. Reduction
of one portion of a video signal with respect to the gain at
another level of the same signal. {D= Kompression;
Dynamikkompression; Es= compresión; compresión de la
imagen}.
compression analogique {F} * see analogue compression
{E}.
compression CLUT {F} * see colour look-up table (CLUT)
{E}.
compression d'image {F} * see image compression {E}.
compression/decompression algorithms {E} * Algorithms
that allow storage of more than one hour of information on
a medium for decompression in real time.(10.) {F=
55
algorithmes de compression/décompression; D= ?; Es=
algoritmos de compresión-descompresión}.
compression JPEG {F} * see JPEG compression {E}.
compression sur le noir {F} * see black compression {E}.
comprobación {Es} * see grading {E}.
comprobacíon equilibrado {Es} * see grading {E}.
compteur (métrage) {F} * see footage counter {E}.
compteur d'index {F} * see index counter {E}.
compteur de défilement {F} * see tape index counter {E}.
compteur de trames {F} * see frame counter {E}.
compteur horaire {F} * see timer {E}.
compteur images {F} * see frame counter {E}.
compteur mémoire {F} * see memory counter {E}.
compuerta por conjunción {Es} * see And gate {E}.
compuerta Y {Es} * see And gate
compulsory licence {E} * An automatic licence granted for
specified purposes under U.S. Copyright Law for (a)
mechanical rights to musical compositions, (b) cable
television systems, and (c) noncommercial broadcasting,
and, until 1988, for (d) jukeboxes, with rates for such
automatic licences being set by the U.S. Copyright Act;
sometimes called a mandatory licence.(10.) {F= droits
d'exploitation; D= ?; Es= licencia obligatoria}.
computer file {E} * A file (data and/or programmes)
encoded for manipulation by computer.03. {F= fichier
informatique; D= ?; Es= fichero de ordenador}.
computer input microfilm/microform (CIM) {E} *
Microfilm/microform used to input or re-input data to a
computer.(22.23.) {F= microfilm/microforme en entrée
d'ordinateur; CIM; D= Dateneingabe über Mikrofilm;
Dateneingabe über Mikroformen; CIM; Es= CIM; entrada
de ordenador para microfilme o microforma; entrada de
ordenador en microfilme/microforma}.
computer output microfilm/microform (COM) {E} *
Computer output produced directly onto
microfilm/microform, without paper printout as an
intermediary. The term may, also, be used to designate the
equipment producing the microform or the process as a
whole.(22.23.) {F= microfilm/microforme en sortie
d'ordinateur; composition par ordinateur sur microforme;
com; D= Datenausgabe über Mikrofilm/Mikroformen; Es=
COM; salida de ordenador para microfilme o microforma;
salida de ordenador en microfilme o microforma; SOM}.
con indentación {Es} * see indentation recording {E}.
concealment {E} * Strategy used with digital media to
supply approximate data in lieu of missing or incorrect
data; see also interpolation.39. {F= masquage; D=
Fehlerverdeckung; Es= encubrimiento; oculto; disimulado}.
concentración de iones de hidrógeno {Es} * see hydrogenion
concentration {E}.
concentration en ions hydrogène {F} * see hydrogen-ion
concentration {E}.
concentric groove {E} * A blank (unmodulated) and
continuous groove in a groove disc at the end of the
modulated and/or recorded groove/s whose function is to
prevent further travel of the stylus toward the centre of the

disc; accomplished by creating a lock or block to end the
travel of the pickup in the revolving groove; also known as
locked groove; end groove; see also eccentric groove.(04.)
{F= sillon concentrique; sillonsonore concentrique;
concentrique; D= ?; Es= surcos concéntricos}.
concentricidad {Es} * see concentricity {E}.
concentricité {F} * see concentricity {E}.
concentricity {E} * The difference in the mechanical centre
locations of the centring feature of a disk and any contour
on the disk (such as a pre-grooved track).46. {F=
concentricité; D= Konzentrizität; Es= concentricidad}.
concentrique * see concentric groove {E}.
concert cylinders {D;E} * Large diameter cylinder records
made from wax from 1899 to approximately 1908 by such
companies as Columbia, Edison, and Edison Bell, and
from celluloid by such as Lambert and Indestructible.
Measuring 4½-inches in length, 5-inches external
diametre, and 4¼-inches to 4#-inches internal diametre,
concert cylinders had a higher linear speed and,
consequently, a greater volume than other audio
recordings of the period; also known as concert grand and
grand cylinders.(14.) {F= cylindres concert; Es= cilindros
concierto}.
concert grand cylinders {E} * see concert cylinders.
concordance {E} * A finding aid establishing the
relationship between past and present reference numbers
of individual items.(22.23.) {F= table de concordance; D=
Vertaulichkeit; Es= tabla [carta] de concordancias; table de
concordancias}.
Condensite {D;E;Es;F} * The material, similar to bakelite,
used by Edison in the manufacture of his Diamond Disc
records.
condiciones de almacenamiento (normas) en archivos {Es}
* see archival storage conditions {E}.
condiciones de almacenamiento {Es} * see storage
environment {E}.
condiciones de almacenamiento a largo plazo {Es} * see
extended term storage conditions {E}.
condiciones de almacenamiento para la conservación a
medio plazo {Es} * see medium term storage conditions
{E}.
condiciones ideales de envío {Es} * see shipping
environment (2) {E}.
condition de stockage des archives {F} * see archival
storage conditions {E}.
conditioning {E} * Placing a material in a special
environment (i.e. controlled temperature and/or relative
humidity) in order to put it in a proper state for work or use.
For example, when bringing a film from cold storage into
a normal working temperature the film is held for specified
periods of time at predetermined temperature and relative
humidities to prevent the formation of condensation on its
surface; also called staging.(04.07.) {F= conditionnement;
D= Akklimatisierung; Es= acondicionamiento}.
conditionnement {F} * see conditioning; curing {E}.
conditions de stockage {F} * see storage environment {E}.
conditions de stockage à moyen terme {F} * see medium
term storage conditions {E}.
conditions de stockage à très long terme {F} * see
56
extended term storage conditions {E}.
conditions de transport {F} * see shipping environment {E}.
conducteur visuel {F} * see story board {E}.
conductive coatings {E} * Layers of material that are
specially treated to reduce the coating resistance and,
thus, prevent the accumulation of static electrical charge
on magnetic media.(04.46.) {F= revêtements conducteurs;
D= ?; Es= recubrimientos [capas] conductivas}.
conectador {Es} * see pin {E}.
conector BNC {Es} * see BNC connector {E}.
conexión {Es} * see input {E}.
conexión {Es} * see input {E}.
conexión a tierra {Es} * see ground {E}.
conexión interfacial {Es} * see feed through {E}.
conexión vía satélite {Es} * see uplink {E}.
confidentialité {F} * see confidentiality {E}.
confidentiality {E} * The quality or property of privacy or
secrecy attaching to certain information thereby limiting
access.22.23. {F= secret; confidentialité; D=
Vertraulichkeit; Es= caracter confidencial; reserva}.
configuración de pista {Es} * see track configuration {E}.
configurador de ruidos {Es} * see noise-shaping circuit {E}.
configurar {Es} * see configure {E}.
configuration de piste {F} * see track configuration {E}.
configure {E} * To organize a set of hardware or software
into a system and to adjust each part so that they all work
together. {F= configurer; D= ?; Es= configurar}.
configurer {F} * see configure {E}.
conflicting archival claims {E} * Clashing ownership
declarations of political or administrative entities regarding
legal title to, custody of, and/or access to archives,
especially following changes in sovereignty and territorial
organization.(22.23.) {F= contentieux archivistique; D=
archivische Zuständigkeits-und Eigentumskonflikte; Es=
contencioso archivístico}.
conform {E} * In moving-image production, to match the
original film to the final edited work print.(09.) {F=
conformer; D= ?; Es= adaptar; conformar}.
conformar {Es} * see conform {E}.
conformer {F} * see conform {E}.
conformidad {Es} * see compliance {E}.
confus {F} * see muddy {E}.
conjuntor {Es} * see jack {E}.
conmutación {Es} * see sampling {E}.
conmutador {Es} * see switcher {E}.
conmutador de distribución {Es} * see routing switcher {E}.
conmutador de pedal {Es} * see foot switch {E}.
conmutador-mezclador {Es} * see routing switcher {E}.

conmutador-mezclador {Es} * see switcher {E}.
connecteur {F} * see plug {E}.
connecteur à fiches {F} * see patch plug {E}.
connecteur BNC (Bayonet-Neill-Concelman) {F} * see BNC
connector {E}.
connecteur femelle {F} * see patch jack {E}.
connecteur mâle {F} * see patch plug {E}.
connecteur phono {F} * see phone plug {E}.
connecteur RCA {F} * see phone plug {E}.
consecutivo {Es} * see serial (1) {E;F}.
conservación {Es} * see archive conservation {E;F}.
conservation {E;F}; custody {E}; preservation {E;F}.
conservación de archivo (normas) {Es} * see archive
conservation {E}.
conservación por etapas {Es} * see phased conservation
{E}.
conservación por fases {Es} * see phased conservation
{E}.
conservador {Es} * see conservator {E}.
conservateur {F} * see conservator {E}.
conservation {E;F} * The general treatment of materials to
stabilize them chemically or strengthen them physically,
sustaining their survival as long as possible in their original
form; see also archive conservation; custody; preservation.
(17.22.) {D= Konservierung; Restaurierung; Es=
conservación}.
conservation {F} * see custody; preservation {E}.
conservation des archives {F} * see archive conservation
{E}.
conservation légère {F} * see phased conservation {E}.
conservator {E} * A specialist with advanced training in the
arts and sciences related to the theoretical and practical
aspects of conservation, who is able to prescribe and
undertake various physical and chemical procedures and
techniques in order to ensure the preservation of
materials, and who adheres to ethical standards
established by the profession.(01.) {F= conservateur; D=
Konservator; Restaurator; Es= conservador [restaurador]}.
console {E;F} * 1) A control desk provided for mixing,
amplifying, fading, and routing electronic signals. 2) The
part of a computer used by the operator to communicate
with the computer. 3) A motion picture film editinas {D= ?;
Es= 1) mesa de control; 2) ordenador; 3) máquina editora
de películas}.
console de mixage {F} * see mixer {E}.
constancia {Es} * see uniformity {E}.
constant angular velocity (CAV) {E} * A disc rotating at a
con-stant number of revolutions per specified time period.
The Lp is a CAV system rotating at 33a-RPM.39. {F=
vitesse angulaire constante (VAC); D= konstante
Winkelgeschwindigkeit; Es= velocidad angular constante}.
constant linear velocity (CLV) {E} * A disc rotating at varying
numbers of revolutions per specified time period to
maintain a constant relative velocity between pickup and
57
track across the disc radius. The CD is a CLV system
rotating from 200- to 500-RPM. {F= vitesse linéaire
constante (VLC); D= konstante Lineargeschwindigkeit; Es=
velocidad linear constante}.
constant tension wind {E} * The pressure applied to tape
or film by the take-up or supply reel motors in the rewind
or fast forward modes which ensures smooth, even
winding of the tape or film. {F= bobinage à tension
constante; D= ?; Es= tensión de bobinado constante}.
constant torque wind {E} * The resistance applied to the
take-up or supply reel motor to create proper tape or film
tension during rewind or fast forward modes. {F= bobinage
à moment constant; D= ?; Es= torsión de bobinado
constante}.
constant torque winding/spooling {E} * Winding strip film
and/or magnetic tape at a steady, controlled tension to
eliminate a build-up of stress in the tape that could cause
deformation. In general, fast winding or rewinding creates
an uneven and steadily increasing tension on the
tape.(04.) {F= bobinage/enroulement à moment constant;
D= Winkel mit konstanten Drehmoment; Es= torsión de
enrollado-bobinado constante}.
consulta restringida {Es} * see restricted access {E}.
contact copy {E} * 1) A means of making copies by holding
a piece of sensitized material in direct contact with the
original document or photographic negative during
exposure. 2) The copy resulting from such a procedure;
see also contact print.(01.22.) {F= copie par contact; D=
Kontaktkopie; Es= copia por contacto; directa}.
contact paper {E} * A slow speed photographic developing
paper giving a positive print when printed in contact with a
negative image.(42.) {F= papier contact; D= Kontaktkopie;
Es= papel de contacto; copia por contacto}.
contact print {E} * A photographic print made by exposing
the receiving material while it is held tightly against the
original images in the print. The resulting print is the same
size as those in the original but with a reversed left-or-right
orientation.(09.) {F= copie tirée par contact; copie contact;
copie par procédé contact; D= Kontaktkopie; Es= copia
por contacto}.
contact printing {E} * The reproduction of a still- or movingimage
film by placing the original in direct physical contact
with the photographic paper or film stock.(10.) {F= tirage
par contact; D= Kontaktkopieren; Es= positivado por
contacto; tiraje por contacto}.
contact tête-bande {F} * see head to tape contact {E}.
contacto entre cabezal y cinta {Es} * see head to tape
contact {E}.
contador {Es} * see register {E}.
contador de fotogramas {Es} * see frame counter {E}.
contador de la longitud en oies {Es} * see footage counter
{E}.
contador de memoria {Es} * see memory counter {E}.
contador índice {Es} * see index counter {E}.
contador índice de cinta {Es} * see tape index counter {E}.
container {E} * Any housing or packaging of an item, a
group of items, or part of an item, which is physically
separable from the material housed and is intended to be
so separated when the contained item is in use. (NB The
box into which a video cassette or cartridge is placed is a
container, a video cassette or cartridge is not a container;
a dust cover of a book is a container; the binding of the

ook is not a container.)(12.) {F= contenant; boîte; boîtier;
D= ?; Es= contenedor}.
contaminación {Es} * see contamination {E;F}.
contamination {E;F} * 1) In magnetic tape recording, a thin,
tacky (viscous) deposit on the head top surface. This
deposit causes an increase in the effective head-to-tape
coefficient of friction and may not be removable by solvent
cleaning.46. 2) The corruption or pollution of an
audiovisual signal by inappropriate or invalid data. {D= ?;
Es= contaminación}.
contenant {F} * see container {E}.
contencioso archivístico {Es} * see conflicting archival
claims {E}.
contencioso archivístico {Es} * see conflicting archival
claims {E}.
contenedor {Es} * see can (1); container; slipcase {E}.
contenedor de almacenamiento de grabaciones (discos;
cintas) {Es} * see records centre container/carton {E}.
contenedor de almacenamiento de grabaciones (discos;
cintas) {Es} * see records centre container/carton {E}.
contenedor de archivo {Es} * see archives box/container
{E}.
content curve {E} * In moving-image work, a term used by
some critics to denote the amount of time necessary for
the average viewer to assimilate most of the meaning of a
shot.(30.) {F= les média froid et chaud; D= ?; Es= curva de
capacidad [volumen]
content curve}.
contentieux archivistique {F} * see conflicting archival
claims {E}.
contents note {E} * A compiler's (i.e., cataloger, discfilmographer)
note in a bibliographic record which lists the
individual parts of, segments, etc., of a work which is so
divided.(12.) {F= notice catalographique; D= ?; Es= apunte
de contenido}.
contestador {Es} * see transponder {E}.
continuación {Es} * see continuation {E;F}.
continuation {E;F} * 1) A supplement. 2) A part issued in
continuance of a monograph, a serial, or a series.03. {D=
Forsetzung; Es= continuación}.
continuidad {Es} * see continuity {E}.
continuité {F} * see continuity {E}.
continuity {E} * In moving-image production, the assurance
that details in one shot will match details in another, even
though the shots may be filmed weeks or months
apart,and keeping detailed records of takes.(30.) {F=
continuité; continué; D= Kontinuität; Es= continuidad}.
continuity file {E/C} * see chronological file.
continuous printer {E} * An optical or contact printer for
still- and/or moving-image film in which the raw stock and
the processed film move past the aperture of the printer in
a continuous motion.(10.) {F= tireuse continue; D= ?; Es=
impresora continua}.
continuous tone image {E} * A photographic image that
contains shades or hues that gradually merge into one
another rather than in halftones.(10.) {F= image
photographique à nuances continues; D= ?; Es= imagen
de tono continuo}.
58
continuous-flow camera {E} * see rotary camera.
contnedores estándar de cintas audio magnéticas usados
por la NAB {Es} * see NAB-A, -B, -C {E}.
contour {E;F} * see loudness control.
contracampo {Es} * see reaction shot; reverse angle {E}.
contracción {Es} * see cockle/cockling; shrinkage {E}.
contragarfio {Es} * see registration pin {E}.
contraluz {Es} * see backlighting {E}.
contramarcha {Es} * see reverse motion {E}.
contrast {E} * 1) A term used to refer both to the quality of
the lighting of a scene in a moving-image production and
a characteris-tic of the film stock. High-contrast lighting
shows a stark difference between blacks and whites (or
dark and light colour tones); low-contrast lighting (or soft
contrast lighting) mainly emphasizes the mid-range of
grays; see gamma. 2) The density range of a piece of
negative or print film. The brightness range of the lighting
on a subject or the scene.(30.22.) 3) The range of light and
dark values in a video picture, or the ratio between the
maximum and minimum brightness values. Sometimes
expressed as the contrast ratio.{F= contraste; D= Kontrast;
Es= contraste}.
contrast ratio {E} * The brightness ratio of the brightest and
darkest areas of the video image. {F= facteur de contraste;
D= ?; Es= gama de contrastes}.
contraste (grado de) {Es} * see lighting contrast ratio {E}.
contraste {Es;F} * see contrast; lighting contrast ratio {E}.
contraste élevé {F} * see high contrast {E}.
contraste medio {Es} * see medium contrast {E}.
contraste normal {Es;F} * see medium contrast {E}.
contrasté {F} * see hard {E}.
contratipo {Es} * see dupe negative; dupe positive {E}.
contre réaction {F} * see feedback {E}.
contre-cache {F} * see matte shot {E}.
contre-champ {F} * see over-the-shoulder shot; reverse
angle {E}.
contre-griffe {F} * see registration pin {E}.
contrechamp {F} * see reaction shot {E}.
contrefaçon {F} * see counterfeit {E}.
contrefaire {F} * see infringe {E}.
contretype {F} * see dupe (duplicate) {E}.
contretype négatif {F} * see dupe negative; intermediate
negative {E}.
contretype positif {F} * see dupe positive {E}.
contretypes {F} * see duping material {E}.
contretypes {F} * see duping material {E}.
control automático de frecuencia {Es} * see automatic
frequency control (afc) {E}.

control automático de ganancia {Es} * see automatic gain
control (agc) {E}.
control automático de la tensión del blanco {Es} * see
automatic target control {E}.
control de calidad {Es} * see quality control (QC) {E}.
control de datos {Es} * see checksum {E}.
control de los valores de luminosidad de una cinta
mediante papel perforado {Es} * see tape setting {E}.
control de pausa {Es} * see pause control {E}.
control de rebobinado (rápido) {Es} * see rewind control
{E}.
control de sonoridad {Es} * see loudness control {E}.
control de tono {Es} * see tone control {E}.
control manual de luz (artificial) {Es} * see trim setting {E}.
control strip {E} * A strip of film that has been exposed to
a stepped density scale under tightly controlled conditions.
Such strips are processed with regular production films
and compared with a reference strip with a densitometer
as a check on the quality of the process. Control strips for
colour processing often include colour patches; see also
cinex.(09.) {F= bande témoin; (sensito); D= ?; Es= tira de
control}.
control track {E} * A series of equally spaced identical
electronic "pulses" that are recorded on a videotape and
used to synchronize the VTR machine. It is used as a
playback reference and causes the video playback head
to align itself with the beginning of each video track. One
control track pulse occurs for each revolution of the head
scanner. It is the electronic equivalent of an "electronic
sprocket hole." {F= piste d'asservissement; D= ?; Es=
pista [grabación] de control}.
Control Automático de Frecuencia {Es} * see AFC {E}.
Control Automático de Ganancia {Es} * see AGC {E}.
controlado por menú {Es} * see menu-driven {E}.
controlador de editor de vídeo {Es} * see back-space editor
{E}.
contrôle (de la) qualité (CQ) {F} * see quality control (QC)
{E}.
contrôle {F} * see monitor {D;E}.
contrôle automatique de fréquence {F} * see automatic
frequency control (afc) {E}.
contrôle automatique de gain {F} * see automatic gain
control (agc) {E}.
contrôle automatique de tension de la cible {F} * see
automatic target control {E}.
contrôle de lumière pendant tirage film sur papier {F} * see
tape setting {E}.
contrôle du gain d'entrée {F} * see ride {E}.
convergence {E;F} * The intersecting of the three pictures
of which most colour video images are made. If the three
do not properly converge they produce blurred or haloed
images, as when a white object appears to have coloured
outlines.(35.) {F= convergent; D= ?; Es= convergencia}.
convergencia {Es} * see convergence {E}.
59
convergencia automática {Es} * see auto framing {E}.
conversion en caractères Romains {F} * see Romanization
{E}.
conversion rétrospective {F} * see retrospective conversion
(RECON) {E}.
conversión de la imagen {Es} * see image transform {E}.
conversión retrospectiva {Es} * see retrospective
conversion (RECON) {E}.
convertidor Analógico a Digital {Es} * see DA {E}.
convertidor de analógico a digital {Es} * see digital-toanalogue
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.
convertidor de datos analógicos en datos numéricos {Es}
* see analogue to digital converter (ad)(adc) {E}.
convertidor de normas {Es} * see standards converter {E}.
convertidor de resistencias ponderadas {Es} * see
weighted resistor converter {E}.
convertidor digital a analógico de adaptación de elementos
dinámicos {Es} * see dynamic element matching digital-toanalogue
converter {E}.
Convertidor de Analógico a Digital {Es} * see Digital
Analogue Converter {E}.
Convertidor Digital a Analógico {Es} * see DAC {E}.
convertisseur à résistance pondérée {F} * see weighted
resistor converter {E}.
convertisseur analogique numérique {F} * see analogue to
digital converter (ad)(adc) {E}.
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique {F} * see
dynamic element matching digital-to-analogue converter
{E}.
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique {F} * see
dynamic element matching digital-to-analogue converter
{E}.
convertisseur numérique analogique {F} * see Digital
Analogue Converter {E}.
convertisseur numérique-analogique {F} * see digital-toanalogue
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.
cookie {E} * see cucolouris. {E}.
cool and hot media {E} * Marshal McLuhan's term to
indicate the relative degree of audience involve-ment in
varying media.(30.) {D= ?; Es= niveles de audiencia; F= ?}.
cooperación {Es} * see co-operation/in association with
coopération/en association avec {F} * see co-operation/in
association with {E}.
coordenadas de cromaticidad según normas CIE {Es} *
see CIE chromaticity coordinates {E}.
coordonnées chromatiques (normes CIE) {F} * see CIE
chromaticity coordinates {E}.
copeau {F} * see chip; swarf {E}.
copia (de) espejo {Es} * see mirror master {E}.
copia (positivo) por contacto {Es} * see direct positive {E}.

copia {Es} * see copy; print {E}.
copia coloide {Es} * see pigment print {E}.
copia de consulta {Es} * see reference copy {E}.
copia de explotación {Es} * see release print {E}.
copia de montaje {Es} * see answer print {E}.
copia de papel {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.
copia de preservación {Es} * see preservation copy;
preservation transfer copy {E}.
copia de primera generación (cinta de vídeo) {Es} * see
camera original protection dupe videotape {E}.
copia de referencia {Es} * see reference copy; reference
print {E}.
copia de seguridad {Es} * see backup copy; protection
master (2); security copy {E}.
copia de trabajo {Es} * see work print {E}.
copia de un positivo original para tirar copias {Es} * see
printing dupe {E}.
copia de visionado {Es} * see viewing copy {E}.
copia del negativo {Es} * see dupe negative {E}.
copia del positivo {Es} * see dupe positive; print (1)(2){E}.
copia en papel {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.
copia estandar {Es} * see composite {E}.
copia fotográfica {Es} * see copy print {E}.
copia fresca {Es} * see green film {E}.
copia humeda {Es} * see liquid gate printing {E}.
copia húmeda . {Es} * see liquid gate printing {E}.
copia inducida {Es} * see print-through {E}.
copia master de protección {Es} * see protection master
(1) {E}.
copia matriz de seguridad {Es} * see safety master {E}.
copia negativa {Es} * see copy negative {E}.
copia óptica {Es} * see optical printing {E}.
copia original {Es} * see original print {E}.
copia original para tirar copias {Es} * see
printing/duplicating master {E}.
copia para consulta {Es} * see service copy {E}.
copia por contacto {Es} * see contact copy; contact paper;
direct positive; contact print {E}.
copia positiva {Es} * see positive copy {E}.
copia positiva definitiva {Es} * see fine cut {E}.
copia termográfica {Es} * see thermographic copy {E}.
copia tipo {Es} * see married print {E}.
copiadora {Es} * see printer (1) {E}.
60
copiadora de contacto {Es} * see step printer {E}.
copiados {Es} * see non-print materials {E}.
copie .{F}. see dub .{E}.
copie (distribution/commercialisation) {F} * see issue {E}.
copie {F} * see copy; dub; dupe (duplicate); print {E}.
copie contact {F} * see contact print {E}.
copie d'écran {F} * see hardcopy {E}.
copie d'essai {F} * see checkprint {E}.
copie d'exploitation (standard ou de série) {F} * see
release print {E}.
copie d'utilisation {F} * see service copy {E}.
copie de conservation (duplicatat de conservation) {F} *
see preservation transfer copy {E}.
copie de conservation (qui remplace l'original) {F} * see
preservation transfer copy {E}.
copie de conservation {F} * see preservation copy;
preservation transfer copy {E}.
copie de dépôt (copyright) {F} * see deposit copy
(copyright) {E}.
copie de première génération {F} * see camera original
protection dupe videotape {E}.
copie de réference {F} * see reference copy; reference
print {E}.
copie de securité {F} * see backup copy; protection
master; security copy {E}.
copie de service {F} * see service duplicate {E}.
copie de travail {F} * see work print {E}.
copie de visionnement {F} * see viewing copy {E}.
copie étalon {F} see answer print {E}.
copie fraîche {F} * see green film {E}.
copie négative .{F} see copy negative .{E}.
copie négative {F} * see copy negative {E}.
copie neuve {F} * see green film {E}.
copie papier {F} * see hardcopy {E}.
copie par contact {F} * see contact copy {E}.
copie positive (non stabilisée) {F} * see green film {E}.
copie positive {F} * see positive copy {E}.
copie pour tirage {F} * see printing dupe; printing dupe
videotape {E}.
copie standard {F} * see composite; married print {E}.
copie thermographique {F} * see thermographic copy {E}.
copie tirée par contact {F} * see contact print {E}.
copie zéro (copie étalon) {F} * see answer print; checkprint
{E}.

copies {F} * see duping material {E}.
copión {Es} * see rushes {E;F}.
copis impresa {Es} * see hardcopy {E}.
coproduction {F} * see co-production {E}.
coproduction internationale {F} * see international coproduction
{E}.
coproductor {Es} * see sponsor {E}.
copulant {F} * see coupler {E}.
copy {E} * A duplication of a document, which may, itself,
be either an original or a copy; the duplicate may be
prepared simultaneously with or separately from the
creation of the item copied; the copy is usually identified by
function or by method of creation, i.e., preservation
transfer, contact copy.(22.23.12.) In archival moving-image
cataloguing the term has been defined quite specifically to
mean 'an item which is a duplicate in every physical
characteristic or which varies only in duration, and the
variation is minor'. 12. {D= Kopie; Abschrift; Es= copia; F=
copie}.
copy negative {E} * A copy negative, either still- or movingimage,
made by photographing other photographic
material. {D= ?; Es= copia negativa; F= négatif; copie
négative}.
copy print {E} * A photographic print.10. {D= ?; Es= copia
fotográfica; F= tirage photographique}.
copy status (generation) {E} * The collective name for
terms used to differentiate original material and successive
copies. The more generations away from the original
source document an analogue copy is the greater will be
the degradation in quality of image and/or sound; see also
generation.(12.) {D= ?; Es= categoría de una copia
[generación]; F= génération (statut de la copie)}.
copyright {E;F} * The right vested by law in the creator of
a document, her/his/their heirs or assignees to publish or
reproduce it or to authorize publication or reproduction
thereof.22.23. {D= Copyright; Urheberrecht; Es=
derechode propiedad intelectual; derechos de autor; F=
droits d'auteur; propriété littéraire}.
copyright deposit {E} * see deposit copy (copyright).
copyright registration {E} * In the U.S., the public record of
ownership of copyright.(12.) {D= ?; Es= registro de los
derechos de autor; F= enregistrement de copyright}.
Copyright {D} * see copyright {E;F}.
coquille {F} * see head shell {E}.
cordon de connexion {F} * see patch plug {E}.
cordon de raccordement {F} * see patch cord {E}.
cordón de alimentación {Es} * see power cord {E}.
cordón de conmutación {Es} * see patch cord {E}.
cordón de extensión y empalme {Es} * see patch cord {E}.
cordón de interconexión {Es} * see patch cord {E}.
cordón de transformación {Es} * see patch cord {E}.
core {E} * 1) A cylindrical shaped object, usually metal or
plastic, on which magnetic tape and film is wound for
transport and storage. It may have flanges attached to
ensure that the film/tape wound around it does not slip off.
61
Synonymous with hub. 2) The basic support or central
layer of material in a laminated disc or cylinder; in lacquer
discs, for example, it can be metal, glass, or fibre.(04.) {D=
Kern; Bobby; Filmkern; Es= 1) objeto cilíndrico para
enrollar cintas; 2) núcleo de un disco laminado;
núcleoF/B= noyau; ; F= 1) noyau 2) âme; moyeu}.
core set {E} * The tendency for strips of materials, such as
film or tape, to remain curled after unwinding from a core,
reel, or other cylindrical holder.01. {D= ?; Es= quedar en
forma de rollo; F= déformation en enroulement}.
corporación {Es} * see corporate body {E}.
corporate body {E} * An organization or group of persons
that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may
act, as an entity.12. {D= ?; Es= corporación; F=
corporation}.
corporation {F} * see corporate body {E}.
corrección de abertura {Es} * see aperture correction
corrección de error {Es} * see error correction {E}.
corrección de la caída de desprendimiento {Es} * see
dropout correction {E}.
corrección de la caída de señal {Es} * see dropout
correction {E}.
corrección del color con circuitos electrónicos {Es} * see
colour correction {E}.
corrección del color mediante filtros {Es} * see colour
corrección gamma {Es} * see gamma correction {E}.
correcteur de base de temps {F} * see time-base corrector
{D;E}.
correcteur de couleur {F} * see colour corrector {E}.
correction {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.
correction code {E} * see cross interleave Reed-Solomon
code.
correction d'erreurs {F} * see error correction {E}.
correction d'ouverture {F} * see aperture correction {E}.
correction de contour {F} * see aperture correction {E}.
correction de couleur {F} * see colour correction {E}.
correction de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout correction
{E}.
correction de spectre sonore {F} * see loudness control
{E}.
correction filters {E} * In moving-image and photographic
work, a screening device for portions of the light scale
which accommodates the diverse sensitivities of various
image capturing media (i.e., panchromatic film's high
sensitivity to both ultraviolet and blue radiation) and
overcomes the apparent lack and/or over abundance of
specific portion/s of the colour chart, producing an image
closer to that as seen by the human eye.(09.) {D= ?; Es=
filtros correctores [de corrección]; F= filtres de correction
(chromatique)}.
corrector de base de tiempo {Es} * see time-base corrector
{D;E}.
corrector de color {Es} * see colour corrector {E}.

corriente de (transferencia) de bits {Es} * see bit stream
{E}.
corriente de polarización {Es} * see bias {E}.
corrimiento de colour {Es} * see bleed {E}.
corrimiento del color {Es} * see bleed {E}.
corrosion stain {E} * The stain left by rust.24. {D=
Rostfleck; Es= mancha de herrumbre mancha de
herrumbre [por corrosión]; F= rouille}.
cortar {Es} * see truncate {E}.
cortar al través {Es} * see cross-cut {E}.
corte {Es} * see cut; notch {E}.
corte de imagen en un negativo {Es} * see cropping {E}.
corte de un lado a otro {Es} * see cutting through {E}.
corte de una cámara a otra {Es} * see take (3) {D;E}.
corte invisible {Es} * see match cut {E}.
corte vertical {Es} * see vertical cut {E}.
cortes de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.
cortes de noticias de actualidades {Es} * see news clip {E}.
cortinilla {Es} * see wipe {E}.
cortometraje {Es} * see short {E}.
coste de reemplazamiento {Es} * see replacement cost
{E}.
coste de sustitución {Es} * see replacement cost {E}.
côté {F} * see edge {E}.
côté mate {F} * see emulsion side {E}.
côté mate {F} * see emulsion side {E}.
couche anti-halo {F} * see backing {E}.
couche d'émulsion {F} * see emulsion layer {E}.
couche d'enregistrement {F} * see recording layer {E}.
couche d'estampage {F} * see stamping foil {E}.
couche de protection {F} * see protective layer {E}.
couche dorsale {F} * see back coating {E}.
couche gravée {F} * see coating {E}.
couche magnétique {F} * see coating {E}.
couleur {F} * see colour {E}.
couleur d'image {F} * see image colour {E}.
couleur par soustraction {F} * see subtractive colour {E}.
couleurs primaires additives {F} * see additive colour {E}.
couleurs primaires soustractives {F} * see subtractive
colour {E}.
couleurs secondaires {F} * see secondary colours {E}.
couloir {F} * see channel; gate {E}.
62
countercurrent wash {E} * In film processing, rinse water
that is flowing through several interconnected tanks in the
opposite direction to that in which the film is travelling. The
inlet pipe is usually situated near the bottom of the tank
and the overflow at the water line near the film entrance
area.(09.) {D= ?; Es= lavado de contracorriente; F=
lavage; rinçage à contre-courant}.
counterfeit {E} * The unauthorized duplication of both the
sound, or picture and sound, and the associated original
artwork, label, trademark, and packaging of a legitimate
sound recording, still- or moving-image production; see
also piracy; bootleg. {D= ?; Es= falsificado; falsificación;
F= contrefaçon; contrefait}.
country of origin {E} * The nation or nations where the
principal offices of the production company (or companies)
of an audiovisual production are located.(12.) {D=
Ursprungsland; Herkunftsland; Es= país de origen; F=
pays d'origine}.
country of production {E} * see country of origin.
coup de gouge {F} * see gouge {E}.
coupe {F} * see cut; slitting {E}.
coupe de montage {F} * see cut editing {E}.
coupe en travers * see cross-cut {E}.
coupe sêche {F} * see cut {E}.
coupe sêche {F} * see cut {E}.
coupe-flux {F} * see barn doors {E}.
couper {F} * see cut {E}.
couplage {F} * see interlock {E}.
couplage de pixels {F} * see pixel pairing {E}.
couplagé {E} * see interlock {E}.
coupler {E} * A chemical incorporated in the emulsion of
colour film stocks which produces a dye image associated
with the developed silver image.09. {D= Kuppler; Es=
acoplador; componente; F= copulant}.
coupure {F} * see cut {E}.
coupure {F} * see cut {E}.
coupure non sensible {F} * see match cut {E}.
courbe caractéristique {F} * see characteristic curve {E}.
courbe caractéristique pondérée {F} * see weighting
characteristic {E}.
courbe d'hystérésis {F} * see hysteresis loop {E}.
courbe de densité spectrale des colorants {F} * see
spectral dye density curve {E}.
courbe de sensibilité spectrale {F} * see spectral sensitivity
curve {E}.
courbe de transfert de modulation {F} * see modulationtransfer
curve {E}.
courbe H et D {F} * see H&D curve {E}.
courbe Nab {F} * see NAB curve {E}.
courbe sensitométrique {F} * see characteristic curve; H&D
curve {E}.

courbe temps-gamma {F} * see time-gamma curve {E}.
courbure .{F}. see curl/curling .{E}.
courbure {F} * see curl/curling {E}.
courbure longitudinale {F} * see longitudinal curvature {E}.
courroie de transmission {F} * see belt {E}.
cours {F} * see fair market value {E}.
court extrait {F} * see clips {E}.
court métrage {F} * see short {E}.
coût de remplacement {F} * see replacement cost {E}.
couverture nationale {F} * see domestic record {E}.
couverture nationale {F} * see domestic record {E}.
cover {E} * The outer protective housing of containers for
materials (i.e., Lp record jackets). {D= Cover; Hülle;
Umschlag; Plattentasche; Außenhülle; Es= cubierta
cover shot {E} * see master shot.
Cover {D} * see cover; slipcase {E}.
cover; F= craquelure}.
Covertext {D} * see liner notes {E}.
CPI {E} * acronym for characters per inch.
CPS {E} * acronym for cycles per second; see also Hertz.
CPU {E} * acronym for central processing unit.
CR {E} * acronym for created roll.
crack; cracking {E} * 1) Commonly used defect term for
audiovisual media, refers to a complete fissure through the
entire recording surface, visible on both sides of disc and
cylinder recordings, and will cause noticeable distortion or
faulty tracking in data retrieval. A patina crack is a smaller
fissure which does not penetrate through the data surface,
but probably causes a break in the modulated groove of
grooved materials.04. 2) In magnetic tape recording, a
narrow, deep break in the head surface material.07. {D=
Riss; Es= grieta; F= craquelure}.
cracking {Es} * see crackle {E}.
crackle {E} * The distorted sound created usually because
of a buildup of electrostatic charge on the surface of a
sound recording, but, also, because of dust or foreign
material permanently embedded in the grooves, or on the
surface of the tape.04. {D= Kracks; Es= crujido; F= ?}.
cradle {E} * A rack or stand that supports materials for
microfilm-ing in a position so that pages or leaves are
open flat and parallel to the focal plane of the camera.(07.)
{D= ?; Es= cuna; F= berceau (fixation des microfilms);
support d'objectif; berceau}.
crane shot {E} * As the phrase indicates, a shot taken from
a crane, which resembles the 'cherry-pickers' used by the
telephone and electric company to repair lines.30. {D= ?;
Es= toma desde una grúa; F= plan grue}.
crank handle {E} * The device used to wind the driving
spring on a spring powered machine. {D= Kurbel; Es=
mango de manivela; F= manivelle}.
craquelado {Es} * see crazing {E}.
craquelé {F} * see crazing {E}.
63
craquelure {F} * see crack; cracking {E}.
craquement {F} * see crackle {E}.
Crawford UV monitor type 760 {E} * A light monitor which
measures the proportion of ultraviolet radiation to visible
light coming from a light source; see also UV monitor. {D=
?; Es= medidor de ultravioleta modelo Crawford 760; F=
appareil de mesure UV Crawford type 760}.
crazing {E} * The deformation of a surface, such as the
coating layer of a laminated disc or film, through cracking;
can be caused by loss of plasticizer, by excess heat and/or
humidity, etc.04. {D= Zerreissen; Es= craquelado; F=
craquelé}.
CRC {E} * acronym for cyclic redundancy check character.
creación de frecuencias no deseadas {Es} * see aliasing
(1) {E}.
crease {E} * 1) A film or tape deformity remaining after a
fold has been corrected. 2) The image degradation
resulting from such damage.(06.) {D= Banddeformation;
Es= 1) pliegue; 2) daño hecho a una imagen; arrugas; F=
1) plis 2) barre; déformation due à l'enroulement}.
created roll (CR) {E} * Commonly used designator in
bibliographic listing for audio and moving-images
(discographies, filmographies) to indicate that a named
performer was the first performer of the work cited.(04.)
{D= ?; Es= registro []grabación] de los intérpretes
principales; F= liste de premiers interprètes}.
credit sequence {E} * In a moving-image production the
sequences or succession of frames or images upon which
titles and cast/credit functions --together with the names of
persons performing those function-- are placed. Credit
sequences may occur before, during, and/or after the main
action of the production.(12.) {D= ?; Es= títulos de crédito;
F= générique}.
créditos {Es} * see credits {E}.
credits {E;F} * 1) In its broadest sense, the audible or
visible recognition, either on the carrier or on
accompanying materials (covers, inserts, etc.) of the
identities of those responsible for the performance and/or
production. 2) In moving-image production a broad
distinction is made between cast and credits by defining
cast as those in front of the camera, or performers in a
musical production, and credits as those behind the
camera.(12.) {D= Namensvorspann; Es= créditos; ficha
artística; ficha artística; F= générique}.
creep {E} * 1) The physical deformation of disc recordings
due to continuous load pressure either from improper
storage or from the force of gravity; resulting in both
surface imprint from packaging materials, which can impair
fidelity by the deformation of the groove walls, and disc
warpage. 2) In magnetic tape, time dependent strain (such
as curling or longitudinal curvature) at constant stress
causing tape deformation; creep remains even after
removal of tension; caused by improper winding and
storage.04. 3) The movement of magnetic tape past the
head at a speed different from normal.(10.) {D= 1) ?; 2) ?;
3) Schlupf; Es= deformación de las cintas con grabaciones
debidas a la presión y la tensión; F= glissement; (creeping
: flottement)}.
creeping : flottement {F} * see creep {E}.
crénelage {F} * see aliasing {E}.
crepitación {Es} * see chatter {E}.
crépitement {F} * see crackle {E}.

crépitement {F} * see crackle {E}.
cresta {Es} * see peak {E}.
cresta del blanco {Es} * see peak white {E}.
crête {F} * see peak {E}.
crête de blanc {F} * see peak white {E}.
CRI {E} * acronym for 1) colour reversal intermediate film;
2) colour reversal internegative.
crissement {F} * see squeal; tape squeal {E}.
critales polarizados {Es} * see polarized glasses {E}.
crochet {F} * see hanger (?) {E}.
croma (nivel de color) {Es} * see chroma {E}.
cromaticidad {Es} * see chromaticity {E}.
cromatismo {Es} * see chromaticity {E}.
crominancia {Es} * see chrominance {E}.
crónica especial {Es} * see feature (2); feed nut (2) {E}.
cronometrador (operario) {Es} * see timer (2) {E}.
crop {E} * 1) To trim the edges of a picture by moving the
camera closer to the subject. 2) To trim a photograph to
the desired aspect ration; see also cropping.(10.) {D= ?;
Es= recortar; F= découpe; recadrage; tondre}.
cropping {E} * printing only the part of the image that
appears in the negative; the original photograph is not
physically altered. Cropping marks and instructions are
often written directly on prints.(43.) {D= ?; Es= corte de
imagen en un negativo; F= détourage}.
cross hatch {E} * A video test signal that displays
horizontal and vertical lines that can be used to determine
if a video monitor is distorting the video image. Also called
linearity, such distortion might include pin cushioning and
keystoning which are caused by misalignment off the video
picture tube. cross pulse. A video monitor display that
shows both the horizontal and vertical blanking periods.
also known as Pulse Cross. {D= ?; Es= trama cruzada; F=
mire de distorsion}.
cross-cut {E} * In moving-image productions, intermingling
the shots of two or more scenes to suggest parallel
action.30. {D= ?; Es= cortar al través; F= montage alterné;
coupe en travers}.
cross-head {E} * A small metal part on a cylinder
reproducer or recorder, in the main those of the Edison
Co., which was glued to the centre diaphragm or passed
through a hole in its center. It had a small eye for the wire
link connector from the stylus bar.(14.) {D= ?; Es= pieza
metálica en los cilindros desarrollados por Edison; F=
fixation de diaphragme}.
cross-interleave Reed-Solomon code (CIRC) {E} * An error
correction code developed for CDs which makes it
possible for a CD machine to detect and correct and/or
conceal large burst errors of up to 4,000 bits/12,304 data
bits (2.5-mm of track); see also error correction.(10.) {D=
?; Es= código Reed-Solomon de corrección de errores en
discos compactos; F= code Reed-Solomon à
entrelacement croisé}.
cross-linking {E} * In polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) the binding
together of adjacent chain molecules by primary valence
bonds which is manifested by embrittlement, warping and
cracking; usually caused by exposure to ultraviolet light or
to heat.(04.) {D= ?; Es= entrecruzamiento; F= réticulation}.
64
cross-modulation test (cross mod) {E} * A test method for
determining the optimum print requirements for a vari-able
area soundtrack.09. {D= ?; Es= prueba de modulación
cruzada; F= test d'intermodulation}.
crosslighting {E} * see key light.
crossover {E} * In multiple loudspeaker systems a circuit
employing electrical network filters of frequency
discriminating paths for routing high, low, and in some
elaborate systems, middle frequen-cies to the particular
speakers designed to handle them.16. {D=
Frequenzweiche; Es= cruce; pasadizo oculto; pase
volante; F= recouvrement; passe-volante}.
crosstalk {E} * 1) Undesired signal appearing on one
channel as result of leakage from another channel. 2) In
magnetic tape, the leakage of signal from one track to
another.(04.16.39.) {D= Übersprechen; Es= diafonía; F=
diaphonie; répliques}.
CRT {E;Es} * acronym for cathode ray tube. {D= ?; Es=
abreviatura de Tubo de Rayos Catódicos; F= tube à
rayons cathodiques (TRC)}.
cruce {Es} * see crossover {E}.
cruce de impulsos {Es} * see pulse cross {E}.
crujido {Es} * see crackle {E}.
crystal mic/mike {E} * An inexpensive pressure type
piezoelectric microphone employing natural salt crystals -
usually rochelle salt - as the element for converting sound
to electrical energy. Character-ized by high impedance and
sensitivity, coupled with pro-nounced susceptibility to
permanent damage from heat, humidity extremes, and
mechanical shock. Now largely replaced by ceramic types
for the same general uses.16. {D= Kristallmikrophon; Es=
micrófono de cristal; F= microphone/micro à cristal;
piézoélectrique}.
cuadrafónico {Es} * see quadraphonic, quadrophonic {E}.
cuadrícula {Es} * see raster {E}.
cuadro {Es} * see frame {E}.
cuadro de cámara {Es} * see field (4) {E}.
cuadro de color {Es} * see colour framing {E}.
cuadro rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.
cuadro sinóptico {Es} * see summary {E}.
cuádruple {Es} * see quad {E}; quadruplex {E;F}.
cuadruplex {Es} * see quadruplex {E;F}.
cualidad de archivo {Es} * see archival quality {E}.
cualquier banda grabada {Es} * see cut (1) {E}.
cualquiera de sus sales {Es} * see bromide (2) {E}.
cuantificación {Es} * see quantization {E}.
cuarto de pista {Es} * see quarter-track {E}.
cuarto oscuro {Es} * see darkroom {E}.
cube {E} * A light prism in a video camera used to split the
incoming light image into separate colours. {D= ?; Es=
cubo prismático; F= (prisme) cube}.
cubierta {Es} * see cabinet (1) {E}.
cubo prismático {Es} * see cube {E}.

cubo tipo NAB {Es} * see NAB hub {E}.
cucolouris {E} * An opaque material having a cutout which
will allow light to pass through the cutout area in order to
project a form, such as a cloud formation on the scenery
or cyclorama of a film, theater, or video production stage.
also known as cukes or cookie. {D= ?; Es= máscara de
sombras; material opaco que mediante una luz proyecta
la sensación de imágenes; F= ?; cocoloris; cache;masque
à ombres; écran perforé}.
cue {E} * An audible or visual signal given to the talent in
a video or audio production that they should commence
the proper action. In video productions, the cue is normally
relayed by the studio stage manager from the Program
Director to the Talent. {D= ?; Es= apunte; aviso; F= repère
de positionnement; top; marque}.
cue card {E} * In video productions, the desired script or
messages may be printed on cards to assist the talent in
recalling their lines. {D= ?; Es= guión impreso en ficha; F=
"nègre" : tableau noir; pense-bête}.
cue marks {E} * Marking, usually circles, in the upper right
hand corner of motion picture film frames used to indicate
the end of a reel; also known as run-up.(10.) {D=
Markierung; Zeichen; Es= marca; señal; F= marques de
changement de bobine; marque}.
cue point {E} * In editing of audio and video, the cue point
is the desired location for an edit to occur. {D= ?; Es=
punto de partida para revisar (audio y vídeo); F= point de
montage; point de calage}.
cue track {E} * 1) The track containing information relating
to production requirements.06. 2) In some older video
editing system, the cue track was utilized by recorded a
signal pulse to indicate the edit cue locations. {D= Cue-
Spur; Steuer-Spur; Es= pista que señala puntos editados;
pista de ordenes; F= piste pilote; piste de synchronisation;
piste de repérage des points d'édition; piste d'ordre}.
Cue-Spur {D} * see cue track {E}.
cuerpo de entrada (catálogo) {Es} * see body of the entry
{E}.
cukes {E} * see cucolouris. {D= ?; Es= contracción de
“cucoloris” (véase); F= caches perforés à projete}.
cuna {Es} * see cradle {E}.
cupping {E} * see curl.
curado {Es} * see curing {E}.
curing {E} * A manufacturing process whereby blank
lacquer discs were gradually cooled by placing them in a
temperature controlled environment to achieve a uniform
hardness and flat even surface. Such 'green' and 'unripe'
discs were stored in such a way so as to allow the thinner
on them to evaporate properly.(04.) {D= ?; Es= curado; F=
guérison}.
curl/curling {E} * Longitudinal curvature of a magnetic tape
or motion picture film pack, usually caused by the
difference in properties between the base and the coating
which react separately to heat, humidity, or simple ageing.
This can cause improper contact between the tape and the
playback heads leading to signal loss. It can also cause
cracking or flaking of the coating. Curl towards the emulsion
side is referred to as 'positive curl'; towards the base
side is 'ne-gative curl'; also known as cupping; see also
edge fluting.(09.04.) {D= Kräuseln; wellig werden; Es=
ondulación; F= ondulation; courbure}.
curling {E} * see curl.
65
current records {E} * Records regularly used for the
conduct of current business of an agency or institution and
which, therefore, continue to be maintained in their place
of origin. In Canadian usage, active records.22.23. {D=
laufende Akten; lebende Registratur; Es= documentos
activos; F= archives courantes; archives d'actualités}.
curtosis {Es} * see kurtosis {E}.
curva característica {Es} * see characteristic curve {E}.
curva d log h {Es} * see d log h curve {E}.
curva de densidad del espectro de color {Es} * see
spectral dye density curve {E}.
curva de sensibilidad espectral {Es} * see spectral
sensitivity curve {E}.
curva de tiempo gamma {Es} * see time-gamma curve {E}.
curva de transferencia de modulación {Es} * see
modulation-transfer curve {E}.
curva H y D {Es} * see H&D curve {E}.
curva NAB {Es} * acrónimo de Asociación Nacional de
Radiodifusores de EEUU) {Es} * see NAB curve {E}.
curvatura {Es} * see warp {E}.
curvatura de la cinta (sobre la cabeza) {Es} * see
wraparound {E}.
curvatura inferior de la curva gamma de una emulsión {Es}
* see toe {E}.
curvatura longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal curvature {E}.
curve {E} * see charac-teristic curve; content curve.
custodia {Es} * see custody {E}.
custodia {Es} * see custody {E}.
custody {E} * The basic responsibility for guardianship of
records/archives based upon their physical possession but
not necessarily implying legal title.22.23. {D= Verwah-rung;
Es= custodia, conservación; F= conservation}.
cut {E} * 1) Any of the separate bands on a recording. 2)
To edit a tape or film. 3) To make a disc recording. 4) To
change from one picture to another in a moving-image
production. 5) A woodcut. 6) An engraved block or plate for
printing. 7) A portion of the recorded surface of a disc
recording separate by a marker space or scroll (increased
groove pitch to mark the separation of two successive
bands of recordings), and containing a rill, or linking
groove; also known as band; selection.(04.10.) 8) The
instantaneous transition from one video scene to another
sync. {D= Schnitt; Es= corte; 1) cualquier banda grabada;
2) editar; 3) grabar un disco; 4) cambio de imágenes
[secuencias]; 5) xilografía; 6) cliché; 7) selección de
bandas; F= couper; monter; coupure; coupe; coupe sêche;
section}.
cut editing {E} * A method of editing magnetic tape carried
out by the actual cutting and splicing of tape.(06.) {D=
mechanischer Schnitt; Es= montaje [por corte fisico]; F=
coupe de montage}.
cut par éblouissement {F} * see blanking shutter {E}.
cut-away {E} * A shot inserted in a moving-image
production scene to show action at another location; see
also reaction shot.30. {D= ?; Es= separar cortando; F=
plan de coupe}.
cut-off-frequency {E} * The frequency at which a filter

effectively attenuates.39. {D= ?; Es= frecuencia de
desconexión; F= fréquence de coupure}.
cutter {E} * see editor; recorder.
Cutter {D} * see editor {E}.
cutting stylus {E} * see stylus.
cutting through {E} * A defect term referring to the stylus
cutting through the coating and into the base material of a
grooved recording.(04.) {D= ?; Es= corte de un lado a otro;
F= défaut de coupe}.
cyan {E;F} * Blue-green colour, the complement of red or
the minus-red subtractive primary used in three-colour film
processes.(09.) {D= blaugrün; Es= color azul-verde}.
cyc light {E} * TV studio light fixtures arranged in strips to
illuminate a cyclorama; also known as strip light. {D= ?;
Es= luz para iluminar cicloramas; F= éclairage du
cyclorama}.
cycle {E;F} * A complete sequence of a wave form that
repeats at regular intervals.39. {D= Schwingung; Zyklus;
Es= ciclo}.
cycles per second {E} * see Hertz.
cyclic redundancy check code (CRCC) {E} * An error
detection code that is recorded with the original
information at a specified interval; used in CD sub-code
data; see also error correction.39. {D= ?; Es= código de
comprobación de la redundancia cíclica; F= code de
contrôle par redondance cyclique}.
cyclorama (CYC) {E;F} * A semicircular or U-shaped
hanging for a TV studio background. {D= ?; Es=
ciclorama}.
cylinder {E;F} * 1) A hollow, tube shaped object. 2) The
audio recording format invented and patented by Thomas
Edison in 1877/78. Originally made of a sheet of tin foil
wrapped around grooved metal (the signal was embossed
into the foil), then wax, and later celluloid. Playing time
lasted from two to four-plus minutes depending on the
playback speed and threads or grooves per inch. Most
makes of cylinders had grooves which threaded lefthanded
when looked at from the heavier end of the
cylinder, and were tracked from left to right when viewed
from the front of the record/playback machine. The inside
was usually ribbed and slightly tapered to grip the mandrel,
and the general dimensions of the standard cylinder were
4½-inches in length, 2¼-inches in external diameter, and
a tapered internal diameter from 1#- to 1#-inches. The
first solid wax Edison cylinders were described in his
December 14, 1887, British patent, and had a taper bore
and were made of a wax-like material on a core of plaster
of Paris or similar materials. The first commercial use of
the cylinder recording is thought to be the cylinders used
in Edison talking dolls. 3) Edison literature sometimes
refers to the mandrel as a cylinder; see also Amberol
cylinder; black wax cylinder; Blue Amberol cylinder; brown
wax cylinder; concert cylinder; Gold Molded {sic!}cylinder;
Royal Purple Amberol Record; standard cylinder; talking
doll; white wax cylinder.(04.07.14.) 4) A term sometimes
applied to the mandrel in some Edison publications.(14.)
{D= 1 & 2) Zylinder; 3) Konus; Es= cilindro}.
cylinder machine {E} * In sound recordings, the machine
which records and/or plays the cylinder. {D= Zylinder-
Phonograph; Zylinder-Spieler; Es= cilindro (gramófono);
F= lecteur/enregistreur de cylindres}.
cylinder mould {E} * In sound recording, the part used to
mass produce cylinder recordings, with moulded cylinder
being introduced by Edison with his Gold Molded
{sic!}cylinder patent of 1900, and the first moulded
66
cylinders being offered in 1902.(14.) {D= ?; Es= molde
para hacer cilindros; F= moulage de cylindre}.
cylindre de cire {F} * see wax cylinder {E}.
cylindre de cire blanc {F} * see white wax cylinders {E}.
cylindre de cire brun {F} * see brown wax cylinder {E}.
cylindre de cire noire {F} * see black wax cylinder {E}.
cylindre deux minutes {F} * see two-minute cylinder {E}.
cylindre poupée parlante {F} * see talking doll record {E}.
cylindre quatre minutes {F} * see four-minute cylinder {E}.
cylindre standard {F} * see standard cylinder {E}.
cylindres concert {F} * see concert cylinders {D;E}.
cylindrical lens {E} * An optical component used in some
optical pickups to create an elliptical pattern through
astigmatism in order to generate a focusing signal.39. {D=
?; Es= lentes [objetivo] cilíndricas; F= lentille cylindrique}.
d ---
d log e curve {E} * see characteristic curve.
d log h curve {E} * In film production, the curve showing
the relation between the logarithm of the exposure and the
resultant density d on pro-cessed film; see also
characteristic curve.(09.) {D= ?; Es= curva d log h; F=
caractéristique (photo)}.
d'actualités? {F} * see current records {E}.
D-1 {D;E;Es;F} * A Component digital videotape cassette
format currently utilized mostly for high-quality postproduction
work in the areas of image compositing and
computer graphics. When introduced in 1986, the D-1 was
the first true digital machine and was intended for the all
digital environment. Enclosed in three different sized
cassettes, the tape is 19 mm wide and records four digital
audio tracks plus time code and a cue audio track. The
digital audio cannot be played when the tape is running at
anything other than normal play speed. In order to monitor
where the tape is with respect to audio, the digital audio is
also recorded as an analogue signal on the cue track
which enables manual cuing. D-1 was replaced in 1988 by
D-2. {Es= formato de una cinta de vídeo digital}.
D-2 {D;E;Es;F} * In 1988, the D-2 format was introduced.
It is a 19 mm composite digital format that accepts
analogue inputs and is capable of either analogue or
digital outputs. The D-2 machine uses the same type and
size of cassettes as the D-1 but with a different oxide
coating. The oxide is different in order to accommodate
both analogue and digital recordings. {Es= cinta de vídeo
de 19 mm de entrada analógica}
D-3 {D;E;Es;F} * In 1992, Panasonic introduced the D-3
format. It is a composite digital format that accepts
analogue or digital inputs and is capable of either
analogue or digital outputs. The tape is ½" wide and
records digital video and four digital audio tracks. The
cassettes are available in three sizes, 50 minutes, 90
minutes, and 180 minutes. An additional cassette was also
produced which used a thinner tape that allowed recording
times of 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 240 minutes. There
are also longitudinal tracks for time code, control track and
an analogue audio cue track. Its composition is 1500 Oe
metal powder tape 13 um thick which is a high coercivity
tape. A high degree of efficiency and economy is achieved
by using azimuth recording which requires no guard band
between tracks. {Es= cinta de vídeo de entrada analógica

o digital}.
D-4 {E} * As a point of clarification only. D-4 does not exist,
because the Japanese view the number 4 as unlucky.
D-5 {E} * An uncompressed digital component format
presented by Panasonic in 1993. It features
uncompressed, 10-bit component recording and can play
back D-3 recorded tapes. {Es= formato digital no
comprimido}.
D-6 {E} * Introduced by BTS, D-6 is the first videotape
format capable of recording a full 1.2 Gb/s high-definition
signal in an uncompressed form. {Es= cinta de vídeo de
alta capacidad de grabación}.
D-A {E;Es} * acronym for digital-to-analogue. {D= ?; Es=
acrónimo de Digital a Analógico; F= N-A}.
d-max {E} * see maximum density.
DA {E} * see D-A {E}.
DAC {E;Es} * acronym for digital analogue converter. {D=
?; Es= acrónimo de Convertidor Digital a Analógico; F=
CNA}.
Daguerreotype {D;E;Es;F} * A means, invented in 1833 by
Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (1789-1851), of making a
photographic image on a copper plate coated with a lightsensitive
layer of silver. The earliest Daguerreotypes are
unique in that they cannot be copied, but the process was
superseded in the 1850s by a negative/positive process by
which an unlimited number of copies may be made. The
process is considered to be the first practicable
photographic method.(07.) {D= Daguerrotypie}.
Daguerrotypie {D} * see Daguerreotype {D;E;Es;F}.
dailies (rushes) {E} * An untimed one-light motion picture
print, made without regard to colour balance, from which
the action is checked and the best takes selected.(09.) {D=
?; Es= primera copia del día en una película; F= rushes;
productions journalières}.
dämpfen {D} * see attenuate {E}.
Dämpfung {D} * see attenuation {E}.
daño hecho a una imagen {Es} * see crease (2) {E}.
daño mecánico {Es} * see mechanical damage {E}.
dar lectura {Es} * see read {E}.
darkroom {E} * A controlled, dark area used to process
film. {D= Dunkelkammer; Es= cuarto oscuro; F= chambre
noire}.
Darstellung {D} * see cast {E}.
Darstellungbesetzung {D} * see cast {E}.
DAT {E;F} * acronym for digital audio tape; see also R-
DAT. {D= ?; Es= Cinta de Audio Digital}.
data archive {E} * An institution or organization responsible
for the acquisition, preservation, and communication of
data in machine readable form regardless of
provenance.22.57. {D= Datenarchiv/s; Es= centro de
proceso de datos; F= archives de données
informatiques}{D= ?; Es= centro de proceso de datos; F=
archives de données informatiques}.
data bank {E} * A collection of files and/or groups of files
relating to a given subject and assembled to be made
available to various users.22.23. {D= Datenbank; Es=
67
banco de datos; F= banque de données}.
data base {E} * A structured assembly of logically related
data designed to meet various applications but managed
independently of them.22.(23.) {D= Datenbestand;
Datenbank; Es= base de datos; F= base de données}.
data density (BPI) {E} * The number of data characters
stored per unit volume, area, or length of a data
carrier.(04.46.) {D= Datendichte; Es= densidad de datos;
F= densité de données}.
data field of a sector {E} * A field of a compact disc
containing the information of a zone.(20.) {D= ?; Es=
campo de datos de un sector; F= champ de données d'un
secteur}.
data protection {E} * The legal protection of the rights of
individuals tin respect of the collection, storage, and
automatic processing of personal data in readable form
and the disclosure of such data.22. {D= Datenschutz; Es=
protección de datos; F= protection des données}.
data sheet {E} * One or more page of an accumulation of
facts on a given topic.(09.) {D= Produktionsbericht; Es=
ficha; F= feuille de données; fiche signalétique; feuille
données; fiche}.
date de première diffusion {F} * see original broadcast date
{E}.
date de première diffusion dans le pays d'origine {F} * see
broadcast date {E}.
date de première publication {F} * see original release date
{E}.
date de production {F} * see production date {E}.
Datei {D} * see file {E}.
Datenarchiv/s {D} * see data archive {E}.
Datenausgabe über Mikrofilm/Mikroformen {D} * see
computer output microfilm/microform (COM) {E}.
Datenbank {D} * see data base; data bank {E}.
Datenbestand {D} * see data base {E}.
Datendichte {D} * see data density (BPI); packing density
{E}.
Dateneingabe/Datenausgabe {D} * see input/output (I/O)
{E}.
Dateneingabe über Mikrofilm {D} * see computer input
microfilm/microform (CIM) {E}.
Dateneingabe über Mikroformen {D} * see computer input
microfilm/microform (CIM) {E}.
Datensatz {D} * see record {E}.
Datenschutz {D} * see data protection {E}.
Datenspeicher {D} * see memory {E}.
Datenträger für Ein- und Ausgabe {D} * see input/output
(I/O) {E}.
dato/s * see record {E}.
datos grabados a lo largo de la cinta de vídeo {Es} * see
edit black {E}.
day file {E} * see chronological file.

dB {E} * abbreviation for deciBel. {E}
dB spl {E} * see deciBel. {E}
dBm {E} * see deciBel. {E}
dBu {E} * see deciBel. {E}
dBv {E} * see deciBel. {E}
dBxII {D;E;Es;F} * see dBx.
dBx {D;E;Es;F} * One of the noise reduction systems,
introduced in 1971, completely different from the Dolby
systems presented in other parts of this glossary: in dBx
subtlety is sacrificed to power; both the frequency
response and the dynamic range are radically affected.
Tape hiss and, according to some archivists, print through
are virtually eliminated, but the wanted signal is prone to
be accompanied by 'modulation noise', and any
misalignment of the recording or the reproducing
equipment is magnified. The latter problem is particularly
noticeable with low, almost subsonic, frequencies. A
modified version, dBxII, was introduced in 1973, ignoring
sounds at the extremes of the frequency range and was,
therefore, more suitable for-professional applications such
as cassette tapes and Lp discs. If there are no subsonics
involved a dBx unit should decode a dBxII tape, and vice
versa.(56.)
DC restorer {E} * ?? Video signals have a dc component
that depends on the average brightness of the picture.
Since the dc component is not transmitted, it is necessary
to restore it at the monitor or receiver in order to insure the
proper brightness relationships from one scene to another.
This additional electronic circuitry is referred to as the dc
restorer. {D= ?; Es= restaurador de corriente continua; F=
dispositif de restitution de la composante continue}.
DCS {Es} * see distributive control
DCT {E;Es} * acronym for Digital Component Tape
{E;Es). {D= ?; Es= acrónimo de cinta de componente
digital; F= bande magnétique numérique}.
DDD {E} * acronym for digital-digital-digital; see SPARS
code.
de entrada directa {Es} * see on-line {E}.
de exploración {Es} * see scanning beam {E}.
de intermodulación {Es} * see intermodulation distortion
(IMD) {E}.
de la pellicule {F} * see film gauge {E}.
de sauvegarde {F} * see backup copy {E}.
de sodio {Es} * see hyposulphite of soda (HYPO) {E}.
de très grand ensemble {F} * see extreme long shot {E}.
de vídeo {Es} * see compact disc-video (CD-V) {D;E}.
de-emphasis {E} * see emphasis. {E}.
deaccession {E} * The act of formally removing a
previously held item from a collection. {D= ?; Es= quitar de
una colección una adquisición previa; F= cession}.
deacidification (neutralization) {E} * Process of reaction
between acidic or alkaline substances such that the pH of
the resultant material approaches or exceeds 7.0
(neutrality).(52.) Deacidification technically refers only to
the neutralization of acids present at the time of treatment,
not to the deposit of a buffer. For this reason, the term is
being slowly replaced with the more accurate phrase
"neutralization and alkalization." {D= Entsäuerung;
Pufferung; Es= desacidificación; F= désacidification}.
68
débit (numérique) {F} * see bit rate {E}.
débrits {F} * see flaking {E}.
début {F} * see head {E}.
début et fin {F} * see head and tail {E}.
décalage (provoqué par la friction de la bande) {F} * see
drag {E}.
décalage (provoqué par la friction de la bande) {F} * see
drag {E}.
décalage {F} * see offset {E}.
décalage de phase {F} * see phase shift {E}.
décalage transversal {F} * see pop-stranding {E}.
deciBel (dB) {E} * A relative measure of sound intensity,
power, voltage, or 'volume', which expresses the ratio of
one sound intensity to another. One dB (i.e., 1/10th of a
Bel) is about the smallest change in sound volume that the
human ear can detect; also used to express logarithmically
the ratio between sound pressures and/or their respective
voltages. Standard reference levels are dBm = 1 mW
reference level; dBu = 0.775 V reference (current usage);
dBv = 0.775 V reference level (former usage); dBV = 1.0
V reference; 0 dB spl (sound pressure level) = 2.10-5 Pa
(hearing threshold). Common deciBel levels encountered
vary from the rustling of grass (15-20 dB) to conversation
(50 dB), to live rock groups (110 dB) to jet plane engines
at close range (130 dB); dBm = deciBels referenced to a
one (l) millivolt level.(04.46.50.39.16.10.) {D= Dezibel; Es=
decibelio; F= décibel}.
décibel {F} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.
decibelio {Es} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.
decimal {E;Es} * The base-ten number system, in which
each numeral is multiplied by an appropriate power of
ten.39. {D= dezimal; F= décimal}.
Decimal Codificado en Binario {Es} * see BCD {E}.
décimal {F} * see decimal {E}.
décimal codé binaire {F} * see binary coded decimal {E}.
Deckel {D} * see folder {E}.
declaración {Es} * see statement of responsibility {E}.
déclenchement début de séquence {F} * see set-in {E}.
déclenchement fin de séquence {F} * see set-out {E}.
décodage de pixel : CD-I {F} * see pixel manipulation {E}.
decoder {E} * Electronic circuitry that removes the encoded
or encrypted signal from a modulated signal. Also referred
to as a demodulator. {D= ?; Es= descodificador; F=
décodeur}.
decoder {E} * see also descrambler {E}.
décodeur {F} * see decoder {E}.
decodificación de pixel (CD) {Es} * see pixel manipulation
{E}.
decoloración {Es} * see fade (1, 2); staining; tarnish {E}.
décolorateur {F} * see fadeometer {E}.
décoloration (de la tête magnétique) {F} * see brown stain

{E}.
décoloration {F} * see bleaching; fade; staining {E}.
décolouración {Es} * see fade {E}.
decomposition vent {E} * In nitrate film storage vaults, a
controlled opening to permit the escape of gases resulting
from decomposition of materials; NFPA 40 gives specific
requirements for such an opening in chambers where
nitrate film is stored, dependent upon the quantity of nitrate
materials stored in the chamber.(34.) {D= Dekomposition;
Es= artificio de ventilación para escape de gases; F=
évent}.
décompte de perte de niveau {F} * see dropout count {E}.
décor {F} * see set {E}.
décor fonctionnel {F} * see practical set {E}.
décor réel {F} * see practical set {E}.
décorateur {F} * see art director {E}.
découpage {E;F} * A universally accepted French term
which means the arrangement of the shots of a movingimage
production, the cutting. Découpage classique is the
old Hollywood style of narration.(30.) {D= ?; Es=
découpage}.
découpage {Es} * see découpage {E;F}.
découpage {F} * see also clipping {E}.
découpe {F} * see crop {E}.
décrochage {F} * see backlighting {E}.
deep focus {E} * A photographic technique favoured by
realists in which objects very near the camera as well as
objects very far away from it are in focus at the same time;
see shallow focus.30. {D= ?; Es= enfoque de profundidad;
F= profondeur de champ}.
défaut {F} * see defect; smear {E}.
défaut d'aspect provoqué par des frottements {F} * see rub
{E}.
défaut de coupe {F} * see cutting through {E}.
défaut de persistance sur le tube {F} * see lag {E}.
défaut de rémanence {F} * see image retention {E}.
défaut par fro
défaut vidéo (snouts; snoots) {F} * see barn doors {E}.
défauts d'éclairage {F} * see mislights {E}.
defect {E} * 1) An undesired imperfection in an item. 2) In
magnetic tape, an imperfection in the tape leading to a
variation in output or a dropout. The most common tape
defects take the form of surface projections consisting of
oxide agglomerates, embedded foreign matter, and
redeposited wear products.(46.) {D= Defekt; Schaden; Es=
defecto; F= défaut}.
defecto {Es} * see blemish; defect {E}.
defecto de adherencia {Es} * see peeling {E}.
Defekt {D} * see defect {E}.
défilement de la bande {F} * see tape transport {E}.
69
défileur {F} * see reproducer {E}.
definición (TV) {Es} * see resolution (2) {E}.
definición {Es} * see definition; resolution test chart;
sharpness {E}.
definición horizontal {Es} * see resolution, horizontal {E}.
definición vertical {Es} * see resolution, vertical {E}.
definition {E} * 1) The clarity or distinctness with which det-
-the grain; see also resolution.30. {D= 1) ?; 2) Auflösung;
Es= definición; F= définition; résolution}.
définition {F} * see definition; resolution {E}.
deflexión estática {Es} * see static deflection {E}.
déflexion statique {F} * see static deflection {E}.
deformación {Es} * see cockle/cockling {E}.
deformación de la cinta magnética {Es} * see buckling {E}.
deformación de las cintas con grabaciones debidas a la
presión y la tensión {Es} * see creep {E}.
déformation {F} * see distortion {E}.
déformation {F} * see distortion; warp {E}.
déformation circulaire {F} * see buckling {E}.
déformation de l'enroulement {F} * see blocked pack {E}.
déformation de tête magnétique (en traces de poulet) {F}
* see chicken tracks {E}.
déformation en enroulement {F} * see core; core set {E}.
déformation en polygone {F} * see spoking {E}.
déformation par enroulement {F} * see loose pack {E}.
Deformierung {D} * see cockle/cockling {E}.
degausser {E} * see bulk eraser.
degaussing {E} * see dema-ture scale.(09.) {D= Kelvin;
Es= ?; F= ?}.
degrees Kelvin {E} * The unit of measurement of the colour
temperature scale.(09.) {D= Kelvin; Es= grados Kelvin;
Kelvin (grados); F= degrés Kelvin}.
degrés Kelvin {F} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.
dehumidify {E} * The reduction or removal of moisture from
the air by mechanical and/or chemical means.(24.) {D=
Entfeuchten von Luft; Trocknen von Luft; Es=
deshumidificar; deshumedecer; F= déshumidifier}.
Dekomposition {D} * see decomposition vent {E}.
Dekoration {D} * see set {E}.
délai retour {F} * see horizontal interval {E}.
délai synchronisation {F} * see preroll {E}.
delamination {E} * The loss of adhesion between layers of
a multilayered item (i.e., cylinder, disc, film, tape); may be
caused by such as poor fabrication, exposure to fungal
attack, extremes of temperature and humidity, or the
general ageing and deterioration of a product.(04.) {D=
Delaminieren; Es= deslaminación; F= délamination}.
delta modulation (DM) {D;E} * 1) In data communications,

a form of differential PCM in which only one bit for each
sample is used.10. 2) In digital recording, a single-bit
coding technique in which a constant step size digitizes
the input wave form. Past knowledge of the information
permits encoding of the differences between consecutive
values.39. technique in which a constant step size digitizes
the input wave form. Past knowledge of the information
permits encoding of the differences between consecutive
values.39. {Es= modulación delta; F= modulation delta
(différentielle)}.
delta yuv (DYUV) {D;E} * A high-efficiency image-coding
scheme for natural pictures used in CD-I which takes
advantage of the fact that there is a high correlation
between adjacent pixel values, making it possible to
encode only the differences between the absolute yu or yv
pixel values. This encoding scheme is applied per line, that
is, in one dimension; see also yuv encoding; compression.10.
{Es= yuv delta; F= codage delta YUV}.
démagnétisation {F} * see demagnetization {E}.
démagnétiseur {F} * see bulk eraser; demagnetizer {E}.
démagnétiseur de têtes {F} * see head demagnetizer {E}.
demagnetization {E} * The erasure of magnetic tapes by
neutralizing the oxide particles in the tape coating,
achieved through a high frequency current passing through
an erase head over which the tape passes, or through the
use of a bulk eraser. Accidental demagneti-zation can
occur, for example, when stray, external magnetic fields
come into contact with the tape.04. {D=
Entmagnetisierung; Es= desmagnetización; F=
démagnétisation}.
demagnetizer {E} * An alternating current (AC)
electromagnet used to neutralize magnetism in recorder
heads, guides, tape, etc; see also bulk eraser;
demagnetization.04. {D= Entmagnetisierdrossel; Es=
desmagnetizador; F= démagnétiseur}.
demandante {Es} * see claimant {E}.
demi-piste {F} * see half-track {E}.
demi-teinte {F} * see halftone; halftone block {E}.
demo-disc {E} * abbreviation for demonstration disc. {D=
Demoplatte; Es= disco de demostración; F= disque de
démonstration; demodisque}.
demodulador {Es} * see demodulator {E}.
demodular {Es} * see demodulate {E}.
demodulate {E} * Action of taking a video modulated signal
that is imposed on a carrier and recreating the information
it represented in its original form. {D= ?; Es= demodular;
F= démoduler}.
démodulateur {F} * see demodulator {E}.
demodulation {E} * see modulation.
demodulator {E} * Electronic circuitry that removes the
encoded signal from a modulated signal. Also referred to
as a decoder. {D= ?; Es= demodulador; F= démodulateur}.
démoduler {F} * see demodulate {E}.
Demoplatte {D} * see demo-disc {E}.
demultiplexer {E} * see multiplexing.
denitration {E} * Degradation of cellulose nitrate materials
due to the conversion of nitrogen peroxide to nitrous acid
by moisture, which in turn has a further autocatalytic
reaction on the original compound.04. {D= ?; Es=
70
desnitración; F= dénitrification}.
dénitrification {F} * see denitration {E}.
denotativo total de una película {Es} * see diegesis à
semiological {E;F}.
dense {E;F} * Relatively opaque, generally applied to film
images or areas that are darker than normal.13. {D= ?;
Es= denso; F= ?}.
densidad {Es} * see density {E}.
densidad de datos {Es} * see data density (BPI) {E}.
densidad de difusión absoluta {Es} * see totally diffuse
density {E}.
densidad de difusión total {Es} * see totally diffuse density
{E}.
densidad de fondo {Es} * see background density {E}.
densidad de grabación fisica {Es} * see physical recording
density {E}.
densidad del positivado {Es} * see printing density {E}.
densidad del soporte de la película {Es} * see film base
density {E}.
densidad especular {Es} * see specular density {E}.
densidad máxima {Es} * see maximum density (D-MAX)
{E}.
densidad mínima {Es} * see minimum density (D-MIN) {E}.
densidad neutral equivalente {Es} * see equivalent neutral
density (END) {E}.
densidad neutral equivalente {Es} * see equivalent neutral
density (END) {E}.
densidad visual {Es} * see visual density {E}.
densité {F} * see density {E}.
densité d'enregistrement {F} * see packing density {E}.
densité d'enregistrement physique {F} * see physical
recording density {E}.
densité de diffusion totale {F} * see totally diffuse density
{E}.
densité de données {F} * see data density (BPI) {E}.
densité de fond {F} * see background density {E}.
densité de tirage {F} * see printing density {E}.
densité de transmission {F} * see transmission density {E}.
densité maximum {F} * see maximum density (D-MAX) {E}.
densité minimum {F} * see minimum density (D-MIN) {E}.
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral
density (END) {E}.
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral
density (END) {E}.
densité neutre équivalente {F} * see equivalent neutral
density (END) {E}.
densité optique du support film {F} * see film base density

{E}.
densité spéculaire {F} * see specular density {E}.
densité visuelle {F} * see visual density {E}.
densitometer {E} * 1) A photoelectric instrument used to
measure the optical density, or degree of blackness, of an
image or base by measuring the amount of incident radiant
energy (light) reflected or transmitted.40. A microdensitometer
is used to measure the density of very small
areas of a photographic image.19. A transmis-sion
densitometer is used for processed film and a reflection
densitometer for paper prints. A reflection-densitometer is
used to measure the density of an opaque surface (print)
before setting the camera and screen for half-tone
exposure; see also densitometric method (silver); density.
2) An instrument for measuring the optical density of an
area in a processed image or filter.09. {D= Dickte;
Densitometrie; Es= densitómetro; densitometría; F=
densitomètre; densitométrie}.
densitomètre {F} * see densitometer {E}.
densitometría {Es} * see densitometer {E}.
densitometric method (silver) {E} * In photographic
production and development, a testing procedure that
produces a yellow stain for density measurement; used for
indicating the presence of residual thiosulphate or other
potentially harmful residual chemicals in processed
films.(40.) {D= ?; Es= método densitométrico (cantidad
plata); F= méthode densitométrique (argent)}.
Densitometrie {D} * see densitometer {E}.
densitómetro {Es} * see densitometer {E}.
density {E} * 1) In general, the ratio of the weight of a
mate-stopping characteris-tics of a film or filter. It is the
logarithm of the opacity of developed photographic film.
Visual density is measurement of density approximating
the sensitivity of the human eye. Printing density is
measurement approximating sensitivity of print stock. A
film sample that transmits one-half of the incident light has
a transmittance of 0.50, or 50 pe-rcent, and a density of
0.30.09. {D= Lichttonwert; Dichte; Schwärzung; Es=
coeficiente positivado; densidad; F= densité; coefficient de
tirage}.
density change {E} * The amount of modification in an
image as measured with a densitometer,
spectrophotometer, or similar device.05. {D= ?; Es=
cambio de densidad; F= changement de densité}.
density identification area {E} * In magnetic tape recording,
a recording in the beginning of tape marker to identify the
method and density of recording.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona de
identificación de la densidad (de una grabación); F= zone
d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement}.
density range {E} * The difference between the density of
the highest area and the darkest area of a print or
negative, a very useful derivation from the sensitometric
see also sensitometer.(05.) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}
dénuder (fil électrique) {F} * see strip {E}.
déphasage {F} * see phase shift {E}.
déphasé {F} * see out of phase {E}.
déplacement dans le sillon {F} * see groove skating {E}.
déplacement de ruban {F} * see stepped pack {E}.
dépliant {F} * see folder {E}.
71
Deponierung {D} * see deposit {E}.
deposit {E} * 1) The placing of materials in the custody of
archives without transfer of legal title. 2) The documents
covered by a single deposit.22.23. {D= 1) Deponierung, 2)
Depositum; Es= 1&2) depósito; F= dépôt}.
deposit copy (copyright) {E} * Under the law of various
countries the piece/s submitted with the registration for
copyright. Not to be confused with legal deposit. {D= ?;
Es= ejemplar de depósito legal (derechos de autor); F=
copie de dépôt (copyright)}.
depósito {Es} * see deposit {E}.
depósito intermedio {Es} * see intermediate storage {E}.
depósito legal {Es} * see legal deposit {E}.
depósitos principales {Es} * see stacks {E}.
Depositum {D} * see deposit {E}.
Depot {D} * see vault {E}.
dépôt {F} * see bromide drag; deposit {E}.
dépôt annexe {F} * see branch repository {E}.
dépôt d'oxyde {F} * see oxide build-up {E}.
dépôt légal {F} * see legal deposit {E}.
depth of field {E} * in moving-image production, the
distance range between the nearest and farthest objects
that appear in acceptably sharp focus. Depth of field
depends on the lens opening, the focal length of the lens,
and the distance from the lens to the sub-ject.(09.) {D= ?;
Es= profundidad de campo; F= profondeur de champ}.
depth of focus {E} * In photographic and moving-image
work, the distance range over which the film plane could
be located inside the camera and still have the subject
appear in sharp focus; often misused to mean depth of
field.(09.) {D= Tiefenschärfe; Es= profundidad de foco;
profundidad de campo; F= profondeur de foyer; profondeur
de champ}.
déraillement {F} * see groove jumping {E}.
derechde propiedad intelectual {Es} * see copyright {E;F}.
derecho de propiedad intelectual {Es} * see copyright
{E;F}.
derecho de utilizar sistemas de cable {Es} * see access (2)
{E}.
derechos de autor {Es} * see copyright {E;F}.
derechos de reproducción {Es} * see mechanical rights
{E}.
derivación {Es} * see tail (3) {E}.
désaccentuation {F} * see post-emphasis {E}.
desacidificación {Es} * see deacidification (neutralization)
{E}.
desacidificación {Es} * see deacidification (neutralization)
{E}.
désacidification {F} * see deacidification (neutralization)
{E}.
desacompasado {Es} * see out of sync {E}.
desarrollo de los fondos {Es} * see collection development

{E}.
desbalance {Es} * see imbalance {E}.
descarga {Es} * see disposal {E}.
descartes (montaje de película) {Es} * see trims {E}.
descartes {Es} * see trims {E}.
descascarillado {Es} * see peeling {E}.
descifrador {Es} * see descrambler {E}.
descifrar {Es} * see read {E}.
descodificador {Es} * see decoder {E}.
descoloración por laluz {Es} * see light fugitive {E}.
descoloración por laluz {Es} * see light fugitive {E}.
descomposición doble {Es} * see double decomposition
{E}.
desconectador óptico {Es} * see opto-isolator {E}.
desconexión automática {Es} * see automatic shutoff {E}.
descrambler {E} * An electronic device used to decode
coded signals for reception of a useable signal. {D=
Descrambler; Es= descifrador; F= système de
désentrelacement}.
descrambler {E} * see also decoder {E}.
Descrambler {D} * see descrambler {E}.
descripción {Es} * see description {E}.
descripción bibliográfica {Es} * see bibliographic
description {E}.
descripción de la calidad de sonido {Es} * see boxy {E}.
descripción física {Es} * see physical description {E}.
descripteur {F} * see descriptor {E;Es}.
description {E} * The preparation of finding aids to facilitate
control and consultation of holdings.22.23. {D=
Verzeichnung; Es= descripción}.
description bibliographique {F} * see bibliographic
description {E}.
descriptive list {E} * A finding aid in the form of a list
containing brief details of individual items generally more
detailed than in a class list.22. {D= Repertorium; Es=
inventario analítico; F= répertoire numérique détaillé}.
descriptor {E;Es} * 1) In CD-ROM production, a structure
containing descriptive information about a volume or file,
or a word or title used to identify a specific
document.(20.10.) 2) Term in a thesaurus which may be
used to represent a concept in a document or in a request
for retrieval.(06.) {D= Deskriptor; F= descripteur}.
desecante {Es} * see desiccant {E}.
desempolvar {Es} * see dusting {E}.
desenfocado {Es} * see blur {E}.
desenfocado artistico {Es} * see soft focus {E}.
desenfocado de la imagen {Es} * see blur {E}.
72
desenfoque momentáneo {Es} * see breathing {E}.
déséquilibre {F} * see imbalance {E}.
desfasado {Es} * see out of phase {E}.
desfase diferencial {Es} * see differential phase {E}.
desgaste natural {Es} * see fair-use {E}.
deshecho {Es} * see outtake {E}.
deshechos desmontables (restos deshechables) {Es} *
see loose debris {E}.
deshumedecer {Es} * see dehumidify {E}.
deshumidificar {Es} * see dehumidify {E}.
déshumidifier {F} * see dehumidify {E}.
desiccant {E} * A non-volatile chemical which absorbs
moisture from the surrounding atmosphere. Silica gel is
the desiccant typically employed to keep documents,
photographs, and other materials dry while in exhibit cases
in humid surroundings. Silica gel can be regenerated by
heating.05. {D= ?; Es= desecante; F= dessicateur}.
designación de materiales bibliográficos {Es} * see case
(1) {E}.
designador general del material {Es} * see general
material designator (GMD) {E}.
désignation matériel {F} * see specific materials designator
{E}.
desigualdad de ganancia {Es} * see gain inequality {E}.
desincronizado {Es} * see out of sync {E}.
desinfectar {Es} * see disinfect; disinfest {E}.
désinfecter {F} * see disinfect {E}.
Desinfektion {D} * see fumigation {E}.
desinfizieren {D} * see disinfect {E}.
désinsectiser {F} * see disinfest {E}.
Deskriptor {D} * see descriptor {E;Es}.
deslaminación {Es} * see delamination {E}.
deslustre {Es} * see tarnish {E}.
desmagnetización {Es} * see demagnetization {E}.
desmagnetización espontánea {Es} * see selfdemagnetization
{E}.
desmagnetizador {Es} * see demagnetizer {E}.
desmagnetizador de cabezales {Es} * see head
demagnetizer {E}.
desnitración {Es} * see denitration {E}.
desnivel {Es} * see offset {E}.
desplazamiento de cinta {Es} * see stepped pack {E}.
desplazamiento de fase {Es} * see phase shift {E}.
desplazamiento H {Es} * see H-shift {E}.
desplazamiento lateral {Es} * see pop-stranding {E}.

desprendimento de oxido {Es} * see oxide shedding {E}.
desprendimiento (de partículas de óxido de una cinta
magnética) {Es} * see shedding {E}.
desprendimiento {Es} * see dropout {E}.
desprendimiento de la emulsión {Es} * see frilling {E}.
desprendimiento de oxido por presion {Es} * see blocking
{E}.
desprendimiento de óxido por presión {Es} * see blocking
{E}.
dessicateur {F} * see desiccant {E}.
dessin au fusain {F} * see charcoal drawing {E}.
dessin industriel {F} * see technical drawing {E}.
destruction {E} * The disposal of materials by
destruction.(22.23.) {D= Kassation; Aktenvernichtung; Es=
eliminación; F= élimination}.
desvanecimiento {Es} * see fade {E}.
desviación {Es} * see offset {E}.
désynchronisé {F} * see out of sync; asynchronous {E}.
detail shot {E} * In moving-image productions, usually
more magnified than a close-up. A shot of a hand or eye
or mouth or anything of similar size.(30.) {D= ?; Es= toma
de detalle; F= plan de détail}.
detalle {Es} * see detail {E}.
deteccción y corrección de errores {Es} * see error
detection and correction {E}.
detección de error {Es} * see error detection {E}.
détecteur de fin de bande .{F}. see end-of-tape
marker/sensor .{E}.
détecteur de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Reader
(TCR) {E}.
détection d'erreurs {F} * see error detection {E}.
détection et correction d'erreurs {F} * see error detection
and correction {E}.
deterioración {Es} * see deterioration {E}.
deterioration {E} * The gradual ageing and ultimate
destruction of materials due to the action of chemical,
biological, and physical processes.24. {D= Zerfall;
Beschädigung; Es= deterioro; degradación; deterioración;
F= détérioration}.
détérioration {F} * see deterioration {E}.
deterioro {Es} * see deterioration {E}.
detonador {Es} * see squib {E}.
détourage {F} * see cropping {E}.
deux pistes {F} * see half-track; two track {E}.
deuxième original {F} * see second original {E}.
developer {E} * In photographic work, the chemical solution
used to turn the latent image into a visible image on
exposed films; see also developing.(09.) {D= Entwickler;
Es= revelador; F= révélateur}.
73
dévelopeuse grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed printer
{E}.
developing {E} * The process by which latent images on
exposed photosensitive materials are rendered visible, as
the first step in photographic processing. A developer,
consisting of such substances as chemical reagents, dry
powders, water, or gas, is used to convert the latent
images to visible ones. Liquid developers, such as
developer, contain chemical agents for reducing the
density of images on materials sensitized with silver
gelatin.01. {D= Entwickeln; Es= revelado; F=
développement}.
developing-out-paper (DOP) {E} * A sensitized paper for
contact printing or enlarging in which the image is realized
by a chemical developing step.42. {D= ?; Es= papel
fotográfico para revelado directo; F= papier à
développement direct}.
development {E} * The chemical process which brings out
the latent image in film. If a film has been under--exposed
it can later be overdeveloped to somewhat regain the
balance of light and dark. In available light colour
photography it is often necessary to push the film a few
'stops' in development (or over-develop it) in order to get
a balanced image; see also exposure; speed.30. {D=
Entwicklung; Es= revelado; F= développement}.
développement (gestion) des collections {F} * see
collection development {E}.
développement {F} * see developing; processing {E}.
développement continu à immersion {F} * see fullimmersion
continuous printer {E}.
développement poussé {F} * see forced processing {E}.
développeuse {F} * see processor {E}.
déviation de la bande {F} * see tape skew {E}.
dew point {E} * 1) The surface temperature at which
moisture begins to condense on a surface. The more
humid the air, the higher the dew-point temperature. 2)
The temperature at which vapour condenses into liquid;
see also relative humidity. (53.) {D= Taupunkt; Es= punto
de condensación; F= point de rosée}.
DEZ {E} * see diethyl zinc.
Dezibel {D} * see deciBel (dB) {E}.
dezimal {D} * see decimal {E}.
Dia {D} * see transparency {E}.
diacetate de cellulose {F} * see cellulose diacetate {E}.
diacetato de celulosa {Es} * see cellulose diacetate {E}.
diafonía {Es} * see crosstalk {E}.
diafonía estereofónica {Es} * see stereophonic crosstalk
{E}.
diafragma {Es} * see diaphragm (1) {E}.
diafragma iris {Es} * see iris {E}.
diagrama de cromaticidad CIE {Es} * see CIE chromaticity
diagram {E}.
diagramme chromatique CIE {F} * see CIE chromaticity
diagram {E}.
diamètre du disque .{F}. see disk size .{E}.

diamètre du disque {F} * see disk size {E}.
Diamond Disc {D;E;Es;F} * The name given to the
Edison Company's double-sided disc recording, marketed
from 1913 to 1929. For the most part Diamond Discs were
10-inch, 80-RPM, acoustic, vertical cut, laminated discs.
Their surface was of Condensite bonded to a pressed
maple wood flour core, resulting in a disc which weighs
approximately one pound and is approximately ¼-inch
thick. Until 1922 the Diamond Discs were labelled as
Recreations; after 1922 they were simply called Edison
Records. Until the end of WW I the discs had impressed,
or etched, labels; after WW I they had black and white
paper labels. Edison's Long Playing Records appeared in
1926 and had distinctive gold labels.(14.)
diaphonie {F} * see crosstalk {E}.
diaphonie stéréophonique {F} * see stereophonic crosstalk
{E}.
diaphonie? {F} * see feed through {E}.
diaphragm {E} * 1) In photographic processes, an
adjustable opening mounted behind the elements of a lens
used to control the amount of light that reaches the film;
usually calibrated in f-numbers.(09.) 2) In audio recording
and reproducing, the membrane in an acoustic audio
cylinder or disc machine's reproducer, recorder, or soundbox
that vibrated with the sound fed to it from the groove
through the stylus and which was then amplified by the
horn. Many varied materials were used, including glass,
mica, copper, and aluminium. The sound could be altered
by adjusting the pressure of the gaskets on the
diaphragm's periphery.(14.) {D= 1) Blende; Iris; 2)
Membran; Schallblech; Es= 1) diafragma; 2) membrana;
F= diaphragme; membrane}.
diaphragm gaskets {E} * Rings of metal, rubber, cork,
paper, felt, etc., which held the diaphragm at its periphery,
sealing it, and preventing it from touching the casing of the
reproducer or sound box.(14.) {D= ?; Es= juntas para
diafragmas; F= joints de diaphragme}.
diaphragme {F} * see diaphragm; numerical aperture (NA)
{E}.
Diapositiv {D} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.
Diapositiv-Wechselschlitten {D} * see slide mount {E}.
diapositiva (de proyección) {Es} * see lantern slide {E}.
diapositiva {Es} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.
diapositiva estereoscópica {Es} * see stereoscopic slide
{E}.
diapositive {F} * see lantern slide; slide; transparency {E}.
diarcinematográfico {Es} * see newsreel {E}.
diario cinematográfico {Es} * see newsreel {E}.
diascope {E;F} * A specialized device which attaches to
the front of a video camera to project test images directly
into the camera. {D= ?; Es= diascopio; F= diascope;
(projecteur de vues fixes)}.
diascope; (projecteur de vues fixes) {F} * see diascope {E}.
diascopio {Es} * see diascope {E}.
diazo {E;Es;F} * A light-sensitive reproduction process
used to make photocomposition proofs on translucent
materials.10. {D= Diazo}.
diazo film {E} * A slow-print film sensitized by a coating of
diazonium salts, which, subsequent to exposure to light
74
which is strong in the blue to ultraviolet spectrum, forms an
image. Diazo film generally produces non-reversed images
(i.e., a positive image will be reproduced as a positive
image and a negative image will be reproduced as a
negative image).28. {D= Diazofilm; Es= película diazo; F=
film diazo}.
Diazo {D} * see diazo {E}.
Diazofilm {D} * see diazo film {E}.
dibujo a tiza blanca {Es} * see chalk drawing {E}.
dibujo al carboncillo {Es} * see charcoal drawing {E}.
dibujo técnico {Es} * see technical drawing {E}.
Dichroic filter {E} * A type of colour filter that passes certain
colours, but blocks others. {D= ?; Es= filtro dicroíco; F=
filtre dichroïque.
Dichroic mirror {E} * A type of front-surfaced colour filter
that passes certain colours, but reflects others. {D= ?; Es=
espejo dicroíco; F= mirroir dichroïque; filtre dichroïque}.
Dichte {D} * see density {E}.
Dicke {D} * see thickness {E}.
Dickte {D} * see densitometer {E}.
didáctica {Es} * see educational film/video {E}.
dièdre {F} * see dihedral {E}.
diedro {Es} * see dihedral {E}.
diegesis à semiological {E;F} * The sum of the denota-tive
material of a film.(30.) {D= ?; Es= denotativo total de una
película}.
diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E} * A volatile organometallic
compound used to both neutralize and buffer paper by
adding zinc oxide deposits. {D= ?; Es= dietilzinc (DEZ); F=
diéthyle de zinc}.
diéthyle de zinc {F} * see diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E}.
dietilzinc (DEZ) {Es} * see diethyl zinc (DEZ) {E}.
diferencial {Es} * see differential {E}.
differential {E} * The digital data encoding tech-nique in
which the difference from bit to bit forms the basis of
encoding.39. {D= differential; Es= diferencial; F=
différential}.
differential gain {E} * The difference in saturation level that
can occur between low luminance colours (e.g. blue) and
high luminance colours (e.g. yellow). A stair step generator
is used to check and adjust for differential gain. {D= ?; Es=
ganancia diferencial; F= gain différentiel}.
differential phase {E} * The errors in hue that can occur
between low luminance colours (e.g. blue) and high
luminance colours (e.g. yellow). In video. {D= ?; Es=
desfase diferencial; F= phase différentielle}.
Differential {D} * see differential {E}.
différentiel {F} * see differential {E}.
diffraction {E;F} * A modification in light or sound in which
the incident rays are def-beam LASER pickups to split the
LASER beam into secondary beams to be used for
tracking.(39.) {D= Diffraktionsgitter; ?; Es= red [rejilla]
difractora; F= grille de diffraction; réseau}.

Diffraktion {D} * see diffraction {E;F}.
Diffraktionsgitter {D} * see diffraction grating {E}.
diffuser {E} * A gelatin plate which is placed in front of a
light to change the quality of the light; see scrim; gobo;
flag.30. {D= Tüll; Es= difusor; difusíon; F= écran diffuseur;
diffuseur}.
diffuseur {F} * see diffuser; scrim {E}.
diffusion {F} * see broadcast {E;F}.
diffusion transfer process {E} * Any image transfer process
in which image-forming materials, such as silver salt or
dye, move from one surface to another through a thin
liquid layer. A transfer process in which the negative and
positive images are formed at approximately the same
time is termed a diffusion transfer reversal process.(01.)
{D= ?; Es= proceso de difusión por transferencia; F=
processus de transfert par diffusion}.
difracción {Es} * see diffraction {E;F}.
difusión {Es} * see broadcast {E;F}; diffuser {E}.
difusor {Es} * see diffuser {E}.
dig {E} * see chip.
digital {E;Es;F}. * The use of numbers, typically binary
numbers, to represent information.39. {D= Digital}.
digital audio {E} * The use of sampling and quantitization
techniques to store or transmit audio information.39. {D=
digitales Audio; Es= audio digital; F= audionumérique}.
digital audio tape (DAT) {E} * A magnetic tape format
which can be digitally encoded with sound from a source
using the digital recording process and played back on a
machine capable of 'reading' or decoding the tape; see
also digital recording; R-DAT.(04.) {D= digitales Tonband;
Es= cinta audio digital; F= bande audionumérique}.
digital BetaCam {E} * Another of the several digital video
formats except that it is unique in that it is the only format
capable of playing back its analogue predecessor
(BetaCam SP). The added capability of being able to
record and playback component digital signals is its added
advantage over BetaCam SP. {D= ?; Es= BetaCam
digital; F= Bétacam numérique}.
digital codes {E} * see digital recording.
digital disc {E} * A disc which is used to store digital data.
{D= digitale Platte; Es= disco digital; F= disque
numérique}.
digital filter {E} * Any filter accom-plished in the digital
domain.39. {D= digitales Filter; Es= filtro digital; F= filtre
numérique}.
digital optical recording (DOR) {E} * A capturing of data
through the digital process onto a disc or other optical
media which has the data fixed as a series of pits that are
recorded and read by a focused LASER beam; see also
digital recording; LASER disc. {D= digitale optische
Aufzeichnung; Es= Cinta de Componente Digital; F=
enregistrement optique numérique}.
digital recording {E} * 1) The process where data is
transformed into continuously variable voltages and the
resulting digital data is captured in a variety of forms, such
as compact disc, digital audio tape, digital disc. 2) A sound
recording made by the digital recording process whereby
the source sound (or, in some instances, its analogue) is
transduced/transformed into continuously variable
voltages; the voltage amplitude is measured, for cur-record
75
cutting stylus or analogue tape recording head.
Reproduction of these recording formats involves tracing
or reading the stored patterns and converting them to
varying voltages which cause a speaker diaphragm to emit
a pattern of sound pressures which resemble the original
sound.04. 3) The recording resulting from either such
process. {D= digitales Aufzeichnungsverfahren;
Digitalaufnahme; Es= grabación digital; F= enregistrement
numérique}.
digital signal {E} * Any signal which is quantized at discrete
points in time.39. {D= digitales Signal; Es= señal digital; F=
signal numérique}.
digital video interactive (DVI) {E} * A technology for an
interac-tive all-digital system that can work with and
display any kind of audiovisual material, including movingimages,
still-images, audio, graphics, computer data, or
text. Materials can be placed on any digital storage
medium. In such a system seventy-two (72) minutes of full
screen, full-motion video is possible on a standard
compact disc; see also CD-. (10.) {D= ?; Es= vídeo
interactivo digital; F= vidéo numérique interactive}.
Digital {D} * see digital {E;F}.
Digital a Analógico {Es} * see D-A {E}.
Digital Analogue Converter {E} * Electronic circuitry which
converts digital information into its corresponding analogue
form. {D= ?; Es= Convertidor de Analógico a Digital; F=
convertisseur numérique analogique}.
Digital Component Tape (DCT) {E} * A proprietary
videotape format developed as a production format by
Ampex. Based upon 19mm cassette, available in three
sizes, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 208 minutes, it has four
digital audio channels plus an analogue cue track. The
machine also has the capability of switching between
525/60 and 625/50 internally making it a dual standard
machine. DCT uses what is generally considered to be a
conservative form of signal compression. General
consensus is that among the advantages of DCT is the
long record time, and very fast wind and rewind time due
to an air pressure transport mechanism. The equipment
also contains a 3.5 inch floppy disk drive for loading
software changes. {D= ?; Es= Cinta de Componente
Digital; F= Bande numérique composante}.
digital-analog Wandler {D} * see digital-to-analogue
converter (DAC)(DA) {E}.
digital-to-analogue converter (DAC)(DA) {E} * An electronic
device used at the output of digital audio equipment to
convert digital numbers representing level and frequency
information back to a continuously varying analogue
electrical signal for playback.04. {D= digital-analog
Wandler; Es= convertidor de analógico a digital; F=
convertisseur numérique-analogique}.
Digitalaufnahme {D} * see digital recording {E}.
digitale optische Aufzeichnung {D} * see digital optical
recording (DOR) {E}.
digitale Platte {D} * see digital disc {E}.
digitales Audio {D} * see digital audio {E}.
digitales Aufzeichnungsverfahren {D} * see digital
recording {E}.
digitales Filter {D} * see digital filter {E}.
digitales Signal {D} * see digital signal {E}.
digitales Tonband {D} * see digital audio tape (DAT) {E}.

Digitalisirerung {D} * see digitization {E}.
digitalización {Es} * see digitization {E}.
digitization {E} * The conversion of analogue information
into a digital form.(39.) {D= Digitalisirerung; Es=
digitalización; F= numérisation}.
dígito binario {Es} * see binary digit (BIT) {E}.
dígito decimal codificado binariamente {Es} * see binary
coded decimal {E}.
dígito más significativo {Es} * see most significant bit
(MSB) {E}.
dígito menos significativo {Es} * see least significant bit
(LSB) {E}.
dihedral {E} * ?? When the two heads in a videotape
machine are not exactly 180 degrees apart, an error
results which results in the top of each successive video
field to be displaced by a small amount. {D= ?; Es= diedro;
F= dièdre}.
diodo electroluminiscente {Es} * see light emitting diode
(LED) {E}.
diodo semiconductor {Es} * see light emitting diode (LED)
{E}.
diorama {E;Es;F}. * A three-dimensional representation of
a scene created by placing objects , figures, etc., in front
of a two-dimensional painted background.03. {D= ?; F=
maquette}.
dióxido de cromo {Es} * see chromium dioxide {E}.
dirección {Es} * see address {E;F}.
dirección longitudinal {Es} * see longitudinal direction {E}.
direct {F} * see live {E}.
direct access (computer files) {E} * The use of computer
files via carriers (e.g., disks, cassettes, cartridges)
designed to be inserted into a computer or its auxiliary
equipment by the user; see also remote access (computer
files).(03.) {D= ?; Es= acceso directo (archivos de un
ordenador); F= accès direct}.
direct image film {E} * A duplicating film which, with
conventional processing, retains the same polarity as the
original or the previous film generation, i.e., a negative is
generated from a negative or a positive generated from a
positive. Sometimes call-reversing film'; see also image
reversing film.01. {D= ?; Es= película de imagen directa;
F= film irréversible; irréversible}.
direct metal mastering (DMM) {D;E;F} * An alternative Lp
or CD mastering process wherein the recording is made
directly onto the metal part. {D= ?; Es= grabación directa
en al zona metálica; F= distributeur}.
direct positive {E} * Unique photograph for which there is
no negative; image is laterally reversed but tonal range
correctly approximates object photographed. A tintype is
an example of a direct positive image.43. {D=
Aufnahmegruppe; Es= copia (positivo) por contacto; copia
por contacto; F= positif direct; épreuve contact}.
direct print {E} * see also direct positive.
direct read after write (DRAW) {D;E;Es;F} * A recording
system in which data may be written (recorded) and
immediately read (played back.01
direct reversal film {E} * see reversal film.
76
direct sound {E} * In moving-image production, the
technique of recording sound at the same time as the
image is photographed.(30.) {D= ?; Es= sonido directo; F=
son direct (piste son sur pellicule)}.
direct to disc recording {E} * A contemporary audio
recording process which eliminates intermediate taping
stages and other procedures --such as recording to
multitrack magnetic tape, mix-down, special equalization,
etc.-- and returns, in a sense, to the form of disc recording
in use before World War II, engraving the analogue of the
signal directly onto a blank master disc.(04.) {D=
Direktschnitt; Es= grabación directa al disco; F=
enregistrement direct sur disque}.
directa {Es} * see contact copy {E}.
directeur {F} * see director {E;Es}.
directeur artistique {F} * see art director {E}.
directeur de la photographie {F} * see cinematography;
lighting cameraman {E}.
direction d'orientation {F} * see orientation direction {E}.
direction longitudinale {F} * see longitudinal direction {E}.
directo {Es} * see live {D;E}.
directoire racine ? (CD-I) {F} * see root directory {E}.
director (de escena) {Es} * see metteur en scene {E;F}.
director {E;Es} * The person who has overall responsibility
for interpreting meaning and expression during production
of a moving-image production. The extent of the director's
involvement can depend upon the individual, or production
company, or practices within the country concerned.12.
{D= Regisseur; F= directeur; metteur en scène;
réalisateur}.
director de decorado {Es} * see art director {E}.
director de escena {Es} * see art director {E}.
director de escenografía {Es} * see art director {E}.
director de fotografía {Es} * see lighting cameraman {E}.
director of photography {E} * see cinematographer.
directorio {Es} * see directory {E}.
directorio principal {Es} * see root directory {E}.
directorio raíz {Es} * see root directory {E}.
directory {E} * 1) A listing of the files stored in a computer.
2) The most general division of a CD-I's programme
area.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= directorio; F= répertoire}.
Direktschnitt {D} * see direct recording; direct to disc
recording {E}.
disaster control plan {E} * The policies, procedures, and
arrange-ments intended to be put into effect by an
institution, organiza-tion, or archives in the event of a
natural or man-made disaster; see also vital records
management.22. A contingency plan for libraries and
archives on what to do in case of various disasters (fire,
flood, etc.). Such a plan should include provisions for
prevention of such disasters, salvage procedures in case
a disaster should occur, and replacement/restoration
measures to be taken.24. {D= Katastrophenplan;
Notstandsplanung; Notstandsplan; Es= plan de
emergencia; F= plan d'urgence}.

disaster planning {E} * see disaster control plan {E}.
disc {E;F} * This spelling is used in other than computer
technology: a flat, circular object used as a mechanical,
optical, or magnetic storage medium; see also audio disc;
CD-ROM; compact disc; disk; videodisc.(39.) {D= Platte;
Schallplatte; Es= disco; F= disque}.
disc drive {D;E} * Mechanism for sup-porting and rotating
a disc.39. {Es= lector de disco (-s); F= unité
lecteur/enregistreur de disque dur; lecteur de disque
optique}.
disc laque {F} * see shellac record {E}.
disc mastering {E} * see mastering.
disco (fonográfico) {Es} * see platter (1) {E}.
disco {Es} * see disc {E;F}; disk {E}.
disco compacto {Es} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.
disco compacto de arquitecura extendida sólo lector de
memoria {Es} * see compact disc-read only memory
extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) {D;E}.
disco compacto de escritura única {Es} * see compact
disc-write -once (CD-WO) {D;E}.
disco compacto de extensión interactiva {Es} * see
compact disc-interactive extended (CD-IX) {D;E}.
disco compacto de sistema operativo a tiempo real {Es} *
see compact disc-real -time operating system (CD-RTOS)
{D;E}.
disco compacto interactivo {Es} * see compact discinterac-tive
(CD-I) {D;E}.
disco compacto sólo lector de memoria programable {Es}
* see compact disc-programmable read only memory (CD-
PROM) {D;E}.
disco compacto sólo lector de memoria {Es} * see compact
disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) {D;E}.
disco compacto y vídeo {Es} * see compact disc-video
(CD-V) {D;E}.
disco compacto+gráficos {Es} * see compact
disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E}.
disco compacto+midi {Es} * see compact disc+midi
(CD+MIDI) {D;E}.
disco compacto-3 {Es} * see compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E}.
disco compacto-audio digital {Es} * see compact discdigital
audio (CD-DA) {D;E}.
disco de aluminio {Es} * see aluminium disc {E}.
disco de cera {Es} * see wax disc {E}.
disco de cristal (grabación de CD) {Es} * see glass master
{D;E}.
disco de demostración {Es} * see demo-disc {E}.
disco de goma laca {Es} * see shellac record {E}.
disco de prueba {Es} * see test disc {E}.
disco de reproducción inmediata (instantánea) {Es} * see
instantaneous disc {E}.
disco de una sola cara (grabadora) {Es} * see single sided
77
disc {E}.
disco de vinilo {Es} * see vinyl disc {E}.
disco digital {Es} * see digital disc {E}.
disco electrónico capacitivo {Es} * see capacitance
electronic disc (CED) {E}.
disco en blanco {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.
disco especial para radiodifusión {Es} * see transcription
disc {E}.
disco flexible {Es} * see floppy disk {E}.
disco laminado {Es} * see laminated disc {E}.
disco laqueado {Es} * see lacquer disc {E}.
disco láser {Es} * see LASER disc {E}.
disco magnético {Es} * see magnetic disk {E}.
disco matriz {Es} * see master disc {E}.
disco Nipkow {Es} * see Nipkow disk {E}.
disco óptico {Es} * see optical disc {E}.
disco patrón {Es} * see father {E}.
disco perforado {Es} * see perforated disc {E}.
disco reproducido desde el centro hacia afuera {Es} * see
centre start disc (CS) {E}.
disco sencillo en CD {Es} * see CD-single {E}.
disco sin grabar {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.
disco sonora {Es} * see record; sound recording {E}.
disco verde {Es} * see green disc {E}.
disco virgen {Es} * see blank (2) {E}.
discografía {Es} * see discography {E}.
discographie {F} * see discography {E}.
discography {E} * Derived from the Greek words meaning
disc and to write; a bibliography of sound recordings.
Though its name implies a listing of disc sound recordings,
excluding those on such other media as tape, wire, and
cylinder, in practice such a listing is generally understood
to include all sound recordings which fall within the
perimeters established by the compiler.(04.) {D=
Diskographie; Diskologie; Es= discografía; F=
discographie}.
discrete time sampling {E} * The technique of representing
a wave -form at discrete instants of time.39. {D= ?; Es=
muestreo discreto del tiempo; F= échantillonnage temporel
discret}.
disector de imagen {Es} * see image dissector {E}.
disector de imagen Farnsworth {Es} * see Farnsworth
image dissector {E}.
diseñador de materiales especiales {Es} * see specific
materials designator {E}.
disimulado {Es} * see concealment {E}.
disinfect {E} * To destroy harmful microorganisms or to
inhibit their activity.24. {D= desinfizieren; Es= desinfectar;

F= désinfecter}.
disinfest {E} * To eliminate insects, small rodents, or other
pests.24. {D= Schädlingsbekämpfung; Es= disinfestar; F=
désinsectiser}.
disinfestar {Es} * see disinfest {E}.
disk {E} * This spelling is used in computer technology: a
round magnetic device for storing information and
programs accessible by computer; may be either a rigid
platter (hard disk) or a sheet of flexible plastic (floppy disk
or diskette). The disk base is coated with a magnetizable
material on which data can be recorded and stored along
concentric tracks as small magnetic areas forming patterns
of binary digits or bits. Information is written onto the disk,
and read from it in a disk drive, by read/write heads
mounted on arms which move rapidly across the disk.
Disks are available in several diameters, the most popular
being the 3.5-inch and the 5.25-inch. {D= Platte; Diskette;
Es= disco; F= disque; disquette}.
disk size {E} * The nominal outside diameter of the disk
without cartridge, but including a rim or ring.(46.) {D= ?;
Es= tamaño de disco; F= taille; diamètre du disque}.
diskette {E} * see disk; floppy disk.
Diskette {D} * see disk {E}.
Diskographie {D} * see discography {E}.
Diskologie {D} * see discography {E}.
disminución {Es} * see shrinkage {E}.
disminución progresiva de respuesta de la alta frecuencia
{Es} * see high frequency roll-off {E}.
disolvente {Es} * see solvent {E}.
disolvente acuoso {Es} * see aqueous solvent {E}.
disolvente no acuoso {Es} * see nonaqueous solvent {E}.
dispersion {E;F} * Distribution of the oxide particles within
the binder of a magnetic tape.(46.) {D= ?; Es= dispersión}.
dispersión {Es} * see dispersion {E;F}.
display case {E} * A piece of protective equipment with
transparent surfaces for exhibiting materials; also called
exhibition case; showcase.22.23. {D= Ausstellungsvitrine;
Vitrine; Es= vitrina; F= vitrine}.
disponibilidad de archivos {Es} * see access (3) {E}.
disposal {E} * The removal of materials from a collection.
{D= Aussonderung; Skartierung; Es= disposición; arreglo;
distribución; descarga; eliminación; expurgo; tría;
eliminación; F= retraît; enlèvement; action de disposer}.
disposal microfilming {E} * The use of microfilm or other
micro-forms to save or recover storage space and
equipment and the substitution of the microform for the
original still-image and/or textual documents which are
destroyed.22.23. {D= Ersatzverfilmung; Es= microfilmación
de sustitución; F= microfilmage de substitution}.
disposición {Es} * see disposal
dispositif à transfert de charge (DTC) {F} * see charge
coupled device (CCD) {D;E}.
dispositif d'échange de données {F} * see originating
system {E}.
78
dispositif de balayage {F} * see scanner {E}.
dispositif de restitution de la composante continue {F} *
see DC restorer {E}.
dispositif de traitement du signal {F} * see signal
processing equipment {E}.
dispositif de transfert de séquences d'images animées
numériques sur support film {F} * see EBR {E}.
dispositivo alineador colocado en el extremo del mandril
{Es} * see end gate {E}.
dispositivo de conservación {Es} * see combination
attachment {E}.
dispositivo de exploración {Es} * see scanner {E}.
dispositivo iones {Es} * see ion trap {E}.
dispositivo para la visualización de vídeo {Es} * see
cathode-ray tube (CRT) {E}.
dispositivo proyector de películas sencillo {Es} * see
beater mechanism {E}.
Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada (estado sólido) {Es} * see
charge coupled devices (CCD) {E}.
Dispositivo de Carga Acoplada (semi-conductor) {Es} * see
charge coupled device (CCD) {D;E}.
disque (pop) {F} * see platter {E}.
disque {F} * see audio disc; disc {E;F}; disk {E}.
disque à capacitance {F} * see capacitance electronic disc
(CED) {E}.
disque à départ central {F} * see centre start disc (CS) {E}.
disque à gravure directe {F} * see instantaneous disc {E}.
disque aluminium {F} * see aluminium disc {E}.
disque audio {F} * see audio disc {E}.
disque compact {F} * see compact disc (CD) {E}.
disque compact à écriture unique et lecture multiple (CD-
V{F} * see compact disc-write -once (CD-WO) {D;E}.
disque compact audionumérique {F} * see compact discdigital
audio (CD-DA) {D;E}.
disque compact interactif {F} * see compact discinteractive
(CD-I) {D;E}.
disque compact intéractif étendu {F} * see compact discinteractive
extended (CD-IX) {D;E}.
disque compact vidéo (CD-V) {F} * see compact disc-video
(CD-V) {D;E}.
disque compact vidéo (CD-V) {F} * see compact disc-video
(CD-V) {D;E}.
disque compact+graphique {F} * see compact
disc+graphics (CD+G) {D;E}.
disque compact+midi {F} * see compact disc+midi
(CD+MIDI) {D;E}.
disque compact-3 {F} * see compact disc-3 (CD-3) {D;E}.
disque de cire {F} * see wax disc {E}.
disque de démonstration {F} * see demo-disc {E}.

disque de laque {F} * see lacquer disc {E}.
disque de Nipkov {F} * see Nipkow disk {E}.
disque de transcription {F} * see transcription disc {E}.
disque feuilleté {F} * see laminated disc {E}.
disque laminé {F} * see laminated disc {E}.
disque laqué {F} * see lacquer disc {E}.
disque laser {F} * see LASER disc {E}.
disque magnétique {F} * see magnetic disk {E}.
disque matrice {F} * see master disc {E}.
disque numérique {F} * see digital disc {E}.
disque optique {F} * see optical disc {E}.
disque perforé {F} * see perforated disc {E}.
disque simple durée {F} * see single {E}.
disque simple durée {F} * see single domain particle {E}.
disque simple face {F} * see single sided disc {E}.
disque test {F} * see test disc {E}.
disque vierge (laque) {F} * see green disc {E}.
disque vinyle {F} * see vinyl disc {E}.
disquette {F} * see disk; floppy disk {E}.
dissecteur d'image {F} * see image dissector {E}.
dissimulation d'erreurs {F} * see error concealment {E}.
dissolution of the emulsion {E} * see alcohol spot-test.
dissolve {E} * In moving-image production, an optical or
camera effect in which one scene gradually fades out at
the same time that a second scene fades in; the
superimposition of a fade out over a fade in. Sometimes
called a 'lap dissolve'. There is an apparent double
exposure during the centre portion of a dissolve sequence
where the two scenes overlap.(09.30.) A video switcher
function that creates a smooth transition from one video or
audio source to another. One source goes from 100 to 0
percent as the other goes from 0 to 100 percent. {D=
Überblendung; Es= 1) encadenado; fundido; fundido
encadenado; 2) interruptor para hacer fundidos (vídeo); F=
dissoudre?; enchaîné; fondu combiné à l'overture et à la
fermeture; fondu enchaîné}.
dissoudre? {F} * see dissolve {E}.
distance focale {F} * see focal length {E}.
distancia (CD) {Es} * see pitch (1) {E}.
distancia focal {Es} * see focal length {E}.
distorsion {F} * see distortion {E}.
distorsion d'intermodulation {F} * see inter-modulation
distortion (IMD) {E}.
distorsion de gravure {F} * see tracking error {E}.
distorsion de modulation {F} * see modulation distortion
{E}.
distorsion de phase {F} * see envelope delay distortion {E}.
79
distorsion de réception {F} * see multipath {E}.
distorsion en coussinet {F} * see pin cushioning {E}.
distorsion en drapeau (de l'image) {F} * see flag-waving
{E}.
distorsion géométrique {F} * see geometric distortion {E}.
distorsion harmonique {F} * see harmonic distortion {E}.
distorsion harmonique totale (DHT) {F} * see total
harmonic distortion (THD) {E}.
distorsion linéaire {F} * see linear distortion {E}.
distorsion non linéaire {F} * see harmonic distortion {E}.
distorsion non linéaire frame{F} * see non-linear distortion
{E}.
distorsion oblicua {Es} * see tape skew {E}.
distorsion par ronronnement {F} * see hum modulation {E}.
distorsion trapézoïdale de l'image {F} * see keystoning {E}.
distorsión {Es} * see distortion {E}.
distorsión armónica {Es} * see harmonic distortion {E}.
distorsión armónica total {Es} * see total harmonic
distortion (THD) {E}.
distorsión de baja frecuencia {Es} * see low frequency
distortion {E}.
distorsión de línea {Es} * see linear distortion {E}.
distorsión de modulación {Es} * see intermodulation
distortion {E}.
distorsión de retardo de envolvente {Es} * see envelope
delay distortion {E}.
distorsión de seguimiento {Es} * see tracing distortion {E}.
distorsión del color {Es} * see colour distortions {E}.
distorsión en cojín {Es} * see pin cushioning {E}.
distorsión en forma de espina de pez (TV) {Es} * see
herring bone {E}.
distorsión en tonel {Es} * see barrel distortion {E}.
distorsión geométrica {Es} * see geometric distortion {E}.
distorsión no lineal {Es} * see non-linear distortion {E}.
distorsión por intermodulación {Es} * see intermodulation
distortion (IMD) {E}.
distorsión por la modulación {Es} * see modulation
distortion {E}.
distorsión por [de] intermodulación {Es} * see
intermodulation distortion (IMD) {E}.
distorsión transitoria {Es} * see transient distortion {E}.
distorsions de couleur {F} * see colour distortions {E}.
distortion {E} * 1) Difference between the incoming and
outgoing signal in any recording (audio, moving-image,
still-image, et al.); see also linear distortion; modulation
distortion; non-linear distortion. 2) Imperfections in a lens
that cause asymmetry or deformation in the image. 3) The
difference in perspective between a dolly shot and a zoom

shot.(10.) {D= Verzerrung; Es= distorsión; F= déformation;
distorsion}.
distortion transitoire {F} * see transient distortion {E}.
distribución {Es} * see distribution {E;F}; disposal; partition;
release {E}.
distribución espectral {Es} * see spectral distribution {E}.
distribuidor {Es} * see distributor; releaser {E}.
distributeur {F} * see distributor {E}.
distributeur {F} * see distributor; releaser {E}.
distribution {E;F} * The sale, lease, and/or rental of an
audiovisual work, more specifically of a moving-image
production.(12.) {D= ?; Es= distribución}.
distribution {F} * see cast {E}.
distribution copy {E} * see service copy.
distribution spectrale {F} * see spectral distribution {E}.
distributive control system (DCS) {E} * A computer system
that monitors and helps to operate chemical processes.53.
{D= ?; Es= sistema de control distributivo; F= système de
distribution contrôlé}.
distributor {E} * The person/s with distribution rights for a
particular geographic area. {D= ?; Es= distribuidor; F=
distributeur}.
dither {D;E;F} * The noise (typically analogue) added to the
input of a digital signal processing or -recording chain to
minimize the effect of error at low -level signals; see also
error correction.(39.) {Es= nerviosismo; F= bruit de
tremblotement; trembloter}.
division de la bande {F} * see slitting {E}.
división {Es} * see partition; separation {E}.
división de la bobina {Es} * see slitting {E}.
divisiones en la imagen {Es} * see split screen {E}.
divisor de haz {Es} * see beam splitter {E}.
divisor del haz de polarización {Es} * see polarization
beam splitter (PBS) {E}.
DM {E} * acronym for delta modulation.
DMM {E} * acronym for direct metal master.
DO {E} * acronym for dropout {E}.
doblaje {Es} * see dubbing; looping {E}.
doblaje de música y efectos de sonido a una grabación
{Es} * see sweeting {E}.
doblar {Es} * see dub (1) {E}.
doble duración {Es} * see double play {E}.
doble pantalla opaca {Es} * see barn doors {E}.
doble pista {Es} * see double track {E}.
document {E;F} * 1) A combination of a medium and the
information recorded on it or in it, which may be used as
evidence or for consultation. 2) A single archival record or
item.22.23. {D= 1) Dokument; Schriftstück; 2) Dokument;
Es= 1&2) documento}.
80
documentación {Es} * see documentation {E;F}.
documentaire {F} * see documentary {E}.
documental {Es} * see documentary {E}.
documentary {E} * 1) A term which has a wide latitude of
meaning, but which basically signifies any audio or
moving-image production which is not wholly fictional in
nature. Many productions now use documentary
techniques such as direct sound and available-light
photography without pretending to be in any sense nonfictional.
The term was first popularized by John Grierson,
an important early documentarist; see also cinemaverité.(30.)
2) A moving-image production depicting actual
persons and/or events.12. {D= Dokumentarfilm;
Dokumentarisch; Es= documental; película documental;
F= documentaire; film documentaire}.
documentation {E;F} * 1) The organization and processing
of materials or data including location, identification,
acquisition, analysis, storage, retrieval, presentation, and
circulation for the informa-tion of users. 2) In machinereadable
records/archives, an organized series of
descriptive documents explaining the operating system
and software necessary to use and maintain a file and the
arrangement, content, and coding of the data which it
contains.(22.23.) {D= Dokumentation; Es=
documentación}.
documento {Es} * see document {E}.
documento {Es} * see document; item; record (1) {E}.
documento falso {Es} * see forgery {E}.
documento precioso {Es} * see rare item {E}.
documento raro {Es} * see rare item {E}.
documento/s {Es} * see record {E}.
documento único {Es} * see rare item {E}.
documentos activos {Es} * see current records {E}.
documentos audiovisuales {Es} * see audiovisual
archives/records data {E}.
documentos iconográficos {Es} * see iconographic
archives {E}.
documentos legibles por máquina {Es} * see machinereadable
records/archives {E}.
documentos legibles por máquina {Es} * see machinereadable
records {E}.
documents inédits (son & vid) {F} * see unedited materials
{E}.
Dokument {D} * see document; record {E}.
Dokumentarfilm {D} * see documentary {E}.
Dokumentarisch {D} * see documentary {E}.
Dokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records
data; documentation {E;F}.
Dokumentenpapier {D} * see permanent paper {E}.
Dolby {D;E;Es;F} * A family of linear noise reduction audio
recording and playback circuits used to improve the signalto-noise
ratio and to mute unwanted audio data. The
various systems of the family are incompatible, thus a
Dolby A encoded recording can only be satisfactorily
replayed by decoding it with a Dolby A decoder; see also

Dolby A, Dolby B, Dolby C, Dolby Hx pro, Dolby
SR.(56.)
Dolby A {D;E;Es;F} * One of the Dolby noise reduction
systems, introduced in 1966, and generally restricted in
use to professional recording environments. It increases
the signal-to-noise ratio of an audio signal in which the
signals are divided into 4 bands: up to 80 Hz, 80 to 3,000
Hz, 3,000 to 9,000 Hz, and over 9,000 Hz, and then
recombined. Some sound archivists are of the opinion that
it moderates tape print through.(10.56.)
Dolby B {D;E;Es;F} * One of the Dolby noise reduction
systems, introduced in 1970, intended for home open-reel
tape use; originally not used for tape machines recording
at 15-IPS to prevent confusion with Dolby A. Beginning
in 1971 it was used by the manufacturers of pre-recorded
audio cassette tapes started using it to overcome the hiss
of slow-moving cassettes. It has become the de facto
standard for audio cassettes, and most machines for this
purpose now incorporate Dolby B circuitry. It increases the
signal-to-noise ratio of an audio signal in which audio
frequencies above 5,000 Hz are encoded and boosted 10
dB, then recorded. Because it works on high frequencies,
and because it has proved difficult to maintain to a high
enough standard in a field environment, many wildlife
recordists do not like it.(10.56.)
Dolby C {D;E;Es;F} * One of the Dolby noise reduction
systems, introduced in 1982 as a modification of Dolby B
to eliminate more hiss from audio cassettes. It increases
the signal-to-noise ratio of an audio signal in which
frequencies in two bands, mid-range and high frequency,
are pre-emphasized and then decoding is required for
acceptable signals.(10.56.)
Dolby HX-pro {D;E;Es;F} * A Dolby product, not a noise
reduction system; rather a piece of circuitry included in a
tape recording amplifier to reduce distortion on high
frequencies which requires no action on replay. It
increases the signal-to-noise ratio of an audio signal by
adding six (6) dB of head room to the high frequency range
by reducing the bias fed to the tape.(10.56.)
DOLBY SR {D;E;Es;F} * One of the family of Dolby noise
reduction systems, introduced in 1985 as an improvement
on Dolby A, and aimed at the same market. Instead of
the line-up tone with a warble, as in Dolby A, there is a
loud hissing sound which the decoder analyses to
determine whether the intervening machinery was correctly
aligned, and adjusts itself accordingly. Most feel that it is
the most powerful and transparent noise reduction system
yet devised and that it, also, virtually cures the symptoms
of print-through. (NB SR is an acronym for spectral
recording.)(10.56.)
dolly {E;Es;F} * In moving-image production, a set of
wheels and a platform upon which the camera can be
mounted to give it mobility; also called a crab dolly; see
also dolly shot.(30.) {D= Kamerawagen; Es= dolly; carrito
móvil portacámara; carrito portacámara; F= petit chariotgrue;
travelling; chariot}.
dolly shot {E} * In moving-image production, a shot which
uses a dolly to move the camera; almost synonymous in
general usage with the term tracking shot; see also follow
shot.(30.) {D= Fahraufnahme; Es= toma de cámara
rodante; toma con dolly; F= travelling;
domain {E} * In magnetic theory, that region of a magnetic
material in which the spontaneous magnetization is all in
one direction. In conventional magnetic tape coatings this
corresponds to one oxide particle.16. {D= ?; Es= dominio;
campo de acción; F= domaine}.
domaine {F} * see domain {E}.
domestic record {E} * A document, the subject of which is
81
family events, usually gathered by an amateur. Home
movies and home-made audio tape recordings are an
example of domestic records; see also personal record.12.
{D= ?; Es= grabación casera; F= couverture nationale}.
domestique {F} * see personal record {E}.
dominio {Es} * see domain {E}.
données de contrôle {F} * see checksum {E}.
données de synchronisation {F} * see synchronization field
{E}.
données numériques {F} * see information {E}.
DOP {E} * acronym for developing-out-paper.
dopage au cobalt {F} * see cobalt doping {E}.
doppelbeschiehletes Band {D} * see double-coated tape
{E}.
Doppelregal {D} * see back-to-back row/shelving {E}.
Doppelreihen {D} * see back-to-back row/shelving {E}.
doppelreihige Aufstellung {D} * see double shelving {E}.
doppelseitig {D} * see double sided (DS) {E}.
doppelspiel {D} * see double play {E}.
Doppelspur {D} * see double track {E}.
DOR {E} * acronym for digital optical recording.
dos caras {Es} * see double sided (DS); two track {E}.
Dose {D} * see can {E}.
dosificación {Es} * see titration {E}.
dossier {F} * see file {E}.
dossier classifié (protégé) {F} * see closed file {E}.
doublage {F} * see dubbing {E}; sound-on-sound {D;E}.
double bande .{F}. see double-system sound .{E}.
double bande {F} * see double-system sound {E}.
double de conservation {F} * see preservation duplicate
{E}.
double decomposition {E} * A chemical reaction that takes
place between two compounds in which one or more of the
parts of one compound unite with one or more parts of
another. The principle of double decomposition has been
used in deacidification of library and archive materials, as,
for example, when a soluble calcium or magnesium salt is
dissolved in water and paper is immersed in it. After the
paper has been dried it is then impregnated with a soluble
carbonate, such as that of ammonium or sodium. Sodium
carbonate and calcium chloride, for example, react to form
insoluble calcium carbonate and soluble sodium chloride.
The soluble sodium or ammonium chloride is removed by
washing the paper with water, and it is important that the
chloride be removed as completely as possible, as its
presence in the paper is potentially harmful. The
advantage of the double decomposition method is its
simplicity, plus the fact that a much greater alkaline
reserve can be deposited in the paper than is generally
possible with most other methods.(45) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
double piste {F} * see double track; half-track {E}.

double play {E} * Audiotape containing twice as much tape
as normal; however, the tape is usually thin and prone to
stretch.10. {D= doppelspiel; Es= doble duración; F= double
durée; double jeu}.
double shelving {E} * The placing of items behind each
other on the same shelf.22.23. {D= doppelreihige
Aufstellung; Es= instalación en doble fila; instalación en
doble hilers; F= rangement double; double file}.
double sided (DS) {E} * A descriptive phrase indicating that
a disc recording has signal recorded on both sides. {D=
doppelseitig; Es= dos caras; F= double face}.
double track {E} * In audio recording, designation of the
number of recorded channels on a magnetic tape
recording which uses two channels of sound on the tape,
with one channel going in one direction and the other
going in the opposite direction. The resulting tape
recording is monaural. {D= Doppelspur; Monohalbspur;
Halbspur; Es= doble pista; F= double piste}.
double-coated tape {E} * Mending tape that has adhesive
on both sides.(21). {D= doppelbeschiehletes Band; Es=
cinta de doble revesrimiento; F= ruban double face}.
double-pass optical retardation {E} * In optical discs, the
maximum optical path difference (in wavelengths) between
any two coincidental optical beams with orthogonal
polarization propagating twice through the protective layer
at normal incidence.46. {D= ?; Es= retardo óptico de doble
paso; F= ?}.
double-system sound {E} * In moving-image production,
the widely used system of recording the audio on a lighteight
magnetic recording and the image on film so that
they can be synchronized in the editing process, as
opposed to single system sound which uses a camera
which has the capability of recording sound directly onto
the film while it is running through the camera; see also
direct sound.(09.30.) {D= Zweiband - ufnahmeverfahren;
Es= sonido separado; F= son separé synchrone; double
bande; son separé}.
downlink {E} * The technical facility for receiving television
or audio signals which have been transmitted via a
satellite. 2) The action of receiving a television or audio
signal from a satellite. The inverse operation of a downlink
is an uplink. {D= ?; Es= recepción vía satélite; F=
réception}.
draft {E} * 1) A rough or preliminary form of a document. 2)
A written order directing the payment of money.22. {D= 1)
Entwurf; Konzept; 2) Zahlungsanweisung; Es= 1) borrador;
minuta; 2) orden de pago; libranza; F= 1) brouillon, 2)
order écrit de paiement}.
drag {E} * In magnetic tape recording, the lagging of the
tape when it contacts an element in its path (such as the
head, tape guides, tape bearings, or column walls),
causing a tension differential across the contact area. The
differential is created by friction and forces on the edges of
the tape.46. {D= ?; Es= arrastre; F= décalage (provoqué
par la friction de la bande)}.
droits de reproduction mécanique {F} * see mechanical
rights {E}.
droop {E} * An error condition in a sample-and-hold circuit
in which the held analogue value decreases.39. {D= ?; Es=
hundimiento; F= affaiblissement}.
drop frame time code {E} * A type of time code in which the
time code generator drops two numbers, 00 and 01, every
minute except the 10th minute. Drop frame time code is
necessary in NTSC colour video because the vertical rate
of colour video is slightly less that 60 hertz. {D= ?; Es= tipo
de código aplicable a la medición del tiempo; F= temps
82
codé à trame}.
drop shadow {E} * An visual shadow electronically added
to a video font to increase the apparent depth and
sharpness. {D= ?; Es= sombra visual; F= ombrage
continu; (ombre projetée)}.
dropout (DO) {D;E;Es;F} * 1) In digital media, an error
condition in which bits of data are incorrect or lost from a
medium; generally caused by a wide variety of disc or tape
defects or obstructions. 2) Any tape caused phenomenon
that results in temporary or permanent loss or reduction of
signal for a specified length of time; most commonly
caused by surface contamination where a piece of oxide
shed or foreign particle adheres to the surface of the tape
and lifts the tape from the head. 3) Loss of signal during a
radio or television broadcast. 4) Temporary loss of signal
for electronic or electrical reasons during recording or
playback.(04.) Video dropouts appear as black dots or
lines that flash. A dropout compensator fills these "holes"
with material from the previous line of video in a process
caller dropout correction. {Es= desprendimiento; caída de
señal; F= troup de bande}
dropout compensator (DOC) {E} * An electronic device
used to fill in missing information from a magnetic
videotape playback device by replacing with other
elements of the same picture. see also dropout; dropout
correction. {D= ?; Es= compensador de la caída de señal
[desprendimiento] ; F= compensateur de perte de niveau}
dropout correction {E} * The process of filling in missing
information from a magnetic videotape playback device by
replacing with other elements of the same picture. {D= ?;
Es= corrección de la caída de señal [desprendimiento]; F=
correction de perte de niveau}.
dropout count {E} * The number of drop outs detected in a
given length or area of the recording medium.(46.) {D= ?;
Es= cálculo de la caída de señal [desprendimiento]; F=
décompte de perte de niveau}.
Druck {D} * see print {E}.
drum {E} * see also mandrel.
drum {E} * The portion of a videotape deck that houses the
video record/play heads. It is also referred to as the
scanner or headwheel. {D= ?; Es= tambor; F= tambour;
baril à titres}.
dry mounting {E} * see mounting.
dry silver process {E} * A silver halide film copyi-verfahren;
Dry-Silber-Proceß; Es= procesado al cloruro de plata en
seco; procesado en seco; F= procédé argentique}.
Dry-Silber-Proceß {D} * see dry silver process {E}.
drying cabinet {E} * A dust-free, metal cabinet (usually
heated) that is used by a film development facility for
drying film during its processing. {D= Trockenschrank; Es=
armario de secado; F= armoire de séchage}.
DS {E} * acronym for double sided.
DSP {E} * acronym for digital signal processor.
DT {E} * acronym for double track.
DTC (capteurs à transfert de charges) {F} * see CCD {E}.
dual track recorder {E} * Type of monophonic audio
magnetic tape recorder which records or plays back half of
a standard ¼-inch tape in one direction and the other half
in the opposite direction; also known as 'two-track' or 'halftrack'.(50.16.)
{D= Halbspurgerät; Es= magnetófono de
dos pistas; F= enregistreur bipiste /double piste}.

dub {E} * 1) In a moving-image production, to re-record the
dialogue in a language other than the original or to record
the dialogue in a specially-equipped studio after the film
has been shot. 2) To add additional sound, music,
dialogue, sound effects, etc.) to a visual presentation
through a re-recording process. 3) To duplicate or to copy,
as to copy the signal in one medium into/onto another. 4)
The copy resulting from the dubbing.(04.30.50.) {D=
vertonen; Es= 1) doblar; 2) añadir sonido, música, etc.; 3)
convertir la señal a otro medio; 4) copia del doblaje;
sonorizar; F= réenregistrement; sonoriser; dupliquer;
copie; sonoriser}.
dubbing {E} * 1) The addition of sound (either music or
dialogue) to a visual presentation through a re-recording
process, which prepares a complete soundtrack (usually
magnetic) that can be transferred to, and synchronized
with, the visual presentation.09. 2) The art of duplicating
on tape.50. 3) Combining two or more sound recordings or
tracks into a single composite; see also duplicating.(06.) 4)
The copy resulting from making a dub.(04.) {D=
Nachsynchronisation; Synchronisation;
Mischungsynchronisation; Es= ver dub; doblaje; mezcla;
boblaje; F= 1) post-sonorisation 2) repiquage 3) mixage 4)
doublage; doublage; mixage-doublage}.
Dunkelkammer {D} * see darkroom {E}.
Dup-Material {D} * see duping material {E}.
Dup-Negativ {D} * see dupe negative {E}.
Dup-Positiv {D} * see exposure meter {E}.
dupe (duplicate) {E} * 1) To copy an item to another
generation, as to print a duplicate negative from a positive
print, 2) A copy made in this manner; see also
generation.(30.40.) {D= ?; Es= duplicado; F= contretype;
internégatif; copie; faire le double}.
dupe negative {E} * A copy negative made either from a
master positive print (often called a fine grain) or by
reversal printing from an original negative; employed for
making further positive copies.(06.) {D= Dup-Negativ; Es=
copia del negativo; contratipo; F= contretype négatif;
internégatif; contretype}.
dupe positive {E} * A positive copy obtained from the
original negatives on a film of very fine grain allowing a
very high dupe negative to be made; also known as
lavender, duping print.(64.) {D= Dup-Positiv; Lavendel;
Es= contratipo; copia del positivo; lavender; duplicado
positivo; F= contretype positif; positif de reproduction;
lavande}.
duping material {E} * A film copy, or copies, either positives
or negatives, intended as source/s for printing further
copies. {D= Dup-Material; Es= material de contratipo [para
sacar copias]; F= copies; contretypes; materiel de contretype}.
duping print {E} * see dupe positive.
duplex paper {E} * see photographic paper.
duplex track {E} * A symmetrical, variable-area soundtrack
that is opaque on the negative film.10. {D= ?; Es= pista
dúplex; F= piste bidectionnelle}.
duplicación {Es} * see duplicating {E}.
duplicación a alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed
duplication {E}.
duplicado {Es} * see dupe (duplicate) {E}.
duplicado de preservación {Es} * see preservation
duplicate; preservation transfer copy {E}.
83
duplicado de un positivo original para tirar copias {Es} *
see printing dupe {E}.
duplicado de una cinta de vídeo original para tirar copias
{Es} * see printing dupe videotape {E}.
duplicado de una copia de consulta {Es} * see service
duplicate {E}.
duplicado positivo {Es} * see dupe positive {E}.
duplicador de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed
duplicator {E}.
duplicate {E} * see dupe.
duplicate negative {E} * see copy negative.
duplicateur grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed duplicator
{E}.
duplicating {E} * 1) A method of reproducing a recording
from one medium to another; also known as doubling,
which became shortened to dubbing. 2) In cylinder
recordings, a means of recording one cylinder directly to
another, or from cylinder to disc, and vice versa, using a
ball reproducer stylus on the original recording linked to a
cutting stylus on a blank running alongside. Before this
means of reproducing was known, ca.1888, and adopted,
mid-1890s, the only means of making multiple copies of
the same performance was to gather as many recording
machines as possible around the performer/s. This system
of duplicating was used for cylinders until moulded
cylinders were marketed.(14.) {D= Duplizierung; Es=
duplicación; F= duplication}.
duplication {F} * see duplicating {E}.
duplication électrostatique {F} * see electrostatic process
{E}.
duplication grande vitesse {F} * see high-speed duplication
{E}.
duplication par contact (film) {F} * see bipack {E}.
dupliquer {F} * see dub {E}.
Duplizierung {D} * see duplicating {E}.
dur {F} * see hard {E}.
durabilidad {Es} * see durability {E}.
durabilité {F} * see durability {E}.
durability {E} * The degree to which a material retains its
physical properties while subjected to stress, usually
expressed as a number of passes that can be made before
a significant degrada-tion of output occurs divided by the
corresponding number that can be made using a reference
copy.(46.) {D= Haltbarkeit; Es= durabilidad; F= durabilité}.
duración de una cinta {Es} * see take (2) {D;E}.
duración estándar {Es} * see standard play (SP) {E}.
duración útil esperable {Es} * see life expectancy (LE)
Duranoid {D;E;Es;F} * A semi-flexible shellac
composition manufactured by the Duranoid Corp. of New
Jersey, U.S., and used by Emile Berliner as a substitute for
vulcanite in his early disc stamping process.(04.)
Durchlaufkamera {D} * see rotary camera {E}.
Durchschlagserie {D} * see chronological file {E}.

durcisseurbain tannant {F} * see hardener {E}.
durée {F} * see extent {E}.
durée de stabilisation {F} * see settling time {E}.
durée standard {F} * see standard play (SP) {E}.
duro {Es} * see hard {E}.
dust jacket {E} * A paper jacket folded around books and
around some audio and video recordings, for protective
and advertising purposes; also called book jacket; dust
wrapper; jacket; jacket cover; slipcase.(07.). {D=
Schutzhülle; Staubhülle; Es= sobrecubierta; F= jaquette;
chemise de protection; protege livre}.
dust wrapper {E} * see dust jacket.
Dust bug {D;E;Es;F} * A grooved disc record cleaning
product manufactured by Cecil Watts, Ltd., of England,
consisting of a podium, a carrying arm, and two brushes
(one rolling, the other stationary) which track the disc
during playback ahead of the stylus.(04.)
dusting {E} * Shedding of particles of filler, flour, fibre or
coatings from paper during finishing, converting, printing or
while in use. It can create problems of tracking with
grooved recordings (discs and cylinders) as well as with
film and magnetic tape.(25). {D= ?; Es= desempolvar; F=
formation de poudrette; poudrage*}.
DVI {E} * acronym for digital video interactive.
dye {E} * A colouring material or chemical. {D= Farbstoff;
Es= tinte; F= teinture}.
dye stability {E} * The dark or light keeping stability of dyes
in colouring elements or materials. {D= dynamischer
Reibungskoeffizient; Es= estabilidad del tinte; F= stabilité
du colorant}.
dye-polymer {E} * An optical storage technology used in
write-once and erasable systems.39. {D= ?; Es= polímero
del tinte; F= colorant polymère}.
dye-tinted base {E} * see anti-halation coating.
dynamic coefficient {E} * see coefficient of friction.
dynamic coefficient of friction (UD) {E} * In magnetic tape
recording, when the tape is loaded against a body by a
normal force ƒn and is moving at a speed of over five-IPS;
a force of ƒd is required to move the tape at steady speed;
ud. =ƒd/ƒn.46. {D= ?; Es= coeficiente dinámico de fricción;
F= coefficient dynamique de frottement}.
dynamic cutting {E} * see montage.
dynamic element matching digital-to-analogue converter
{E} * An analogue-to-digital converter design which uses
a series of current sources and switches to yield an
analogue out-put.(39.) {D= ?; Es= convertidor digital a
analógico de adaptación de elementos dinámicos; F=
convertisseur analogique numérique dynamique}.
dynamic microphone {E} * An acoustic transducer mic
which employs a moving coil in the magnetic field.(50.) {D=
dynamisches Mikrophon; Es= micrófono dinámico; F=
microphone dynamique; électrodynamique}.
dynamic range {E} * In audio recording, 1) the ratio
between the softest and loudest sounds an audio recorder
can reproduce without distortion; 2) the amplitude
operating range of an electrical circuit, from noise floor to
over-load condition; 3) the range of volume of a sound
recording or a programme, measured either as the range
of peak values (the difference level between maximum and
84
minimum volumes) or the range of average volume; see
also signal-to-noise ratio.(04.39.50.) {D= Dynamik; Es=
margen [gama] dinámico; F= dynamique; rapport signal ;
bruit; gamme dynamique}.
dynamic tape skew {E} * see tape skew.
Dynamik {D} * see dynamic range {E}.
Dynamikkompression {D} * see compression {E;F}.
dynamique {E}{F} * see dynamic range {E}.
dynamisch {D} * see moving coil {E}.
dynamischer Reibungskoeffizient {D} * see dye stability
{E}.
dynamisches Mikrophon {D} * see dynamic microphone
{E}.
dyne {E;F} * The unit of force in the centimetre-gramsecond
system equal to the force that would give a free
mass of one gram an acceleration of one centimetre per
second. {D= ?; Es= dina}.
e ---
E-E {E;Es} * acronym for electronics to electronics. {D= ?;
F= ?}.
earth station {E} * An electronic facility capable of both
uplinking and downlinking television and audio
programming signals to satellites. {D= ?; Es= estación
terrestre; F= station terrestre}.
Eastmancolor {D;E;Es;F} * A trademark of the Eastman
Kodak Co. for an integral tripack colour filmstock.(10.)
éblouissement {F} * see burn-in {E}.
EBR {E} * acronym for electron beam recorder. {D= ?; Es=
grabado por haz de electrones; F= dispositif de transfert
de séquences d'images animées numériques sur support
film}.
EBU {E} * acronym for European Broadcasting Union.
écaillage {F} * see frilling {E}.
écaillage sur le bord {F} * see edge flake (ef) {E}.
écaillement {F} * see peeling {E}.
écailles {F} * see flaking {E}.
écartement {F} * see gap {E}.
écartement tête-bande {F} * see tape-to-head separation
{E}.
écarteur de bande {F} * see tape lifter {E}.
ECC {E} * acronym for error correction code.
eccentric groove {E} * In disc audio grooved recordings, a
locked groove whose centre is other than that of the disc,
generally used to trigger mechanical operation of the
pickup or tone arm; see also concentric groove.(04.) {D=
?; Es= surco excéntrico; F= sillon excentré}.
échantillonnage {F} * see sampling {E}.
échantillonnage temporel discret {F} * see discrete time
sampling {E}.
échappement {F} * see releaser {E}.

échelle d'amplitude de moniteurs de profil {F} * see IRE
{E}.
échelle de gris {F} * see grey scale {E}.
échelle IRE {F} * see IRE scale {E}.
échelle IRE {F} * see IRE scale {E}.
échelle tonale {F} * see tonal range {E}.
echo {D;E} * 1) A repetition of a particular piece of
information, generally weakened, before (pre-) and/or after
(post-) the actual signal. On a sound disc, due to the
gradual relaxation of molecular tensions which occurs after
the record has been pressed, and causes plastic
deformation of the groove walls, it may appear in the
groove before or after that which carries the playing signal.
On magnetic tape, caused by magnetic print through, it
occurs one turn of the tape before or after normal
signal.(04.) 2) A reflection of a transmitted television
picture, appearing as a leading or trailing "ghost" on the
screen of a TV receiver. {D= Resonanz; Kopiereffekt; Es=
resonancia; imagen fantasma; F= écho; image fantôme;
effet de copie; "accrochage"; résonance}.
écho {F} * see echo; print-through {E}.
écho image {F} * see ghost-image {E}.
Echtheitsbestätigung {D} * see authentication {E}.
éclairage {F} * see light; lighting {E}.
éclairage auxilliaire {F} * see filler light {E}.
éclairage avant ( limbo) {F} * see cameo {E}.
éclairage d'appoint {F} * see set light {E}.
éclairage de base {F} * see base-light {E}.
éclairage de la tireuse {F} * see printer lights {E}.
éclairage de tirage {F} * see printer lights {E}.
éclairage direct {F} * see incident light {E}.
éclairage du cyclorama {F} * see cyc light {E}.
éclairage en contre-jour {F} * see back-light; backlighting
{E}.
éclairage fonctionnel {F} * see practical lighting {E}.
éclairage général {F} * see high key light {E}.
éclairage plat {F} * see flat lighting {E}.
éclairement sur le plan principal {F} * see key light {E}.
éclat {F} * see bloom {E}.
éclater {F} * see burst {E}.
écran {F} * see screen brightness {E}.
écran à haut gain {F} * see high-gain screen {E}.
écran acoustique {F} * see baffle {E}.
écran aluminium {F} * see aluminium screen {E}.
écran de contrôle {F} * see monitor {D;E}.
écran diffuseur {F} * see diffuser {E}.
écran diffuseur {F} * see diffuser; scrim; scrim frame {E}.
85
écran kinescope {F} * see projection kinescope {E}.
écran large {F} * see widescreen {E}.
écran panoramique {F} * see widescreen {E}.
écran pare-lumière {F} * see flag; gobo {E}.
écran perforé {F} * see cookie {E}.
écran perlé {F} * see beaded screen {E}.
écran pour montage {F} * see split screen {E}.
écrêtage {F} * see clipping; {E}.
écriture {F} * see write {E}.
écrou de fixation {F} * see feed nut {E}.
ecualizador (con circuito electrónico) {Es} * see equalizer
(1, 2) {E}.
ecualizador (con equipo procesador de señales) {Es} * see
equalizer
EDAC {E} * acronym for error detection and correction.
EDC {E} * acronym for error detection code.
edge {E} * 1) In a disc recording, the narrow vertical
surface at the circumference of the horizontally held disc.
2) In a cylinder recording, the end of the cylinder with the
larger diameter. 3) The edge of a magnetic tape, often
mechanical reference for the exact travel of the tape. Edge
damages, therefore, may cause severe playback
problems.(04.) {D= Kante (Bande); Es= 1) superficie
vertical de un disco; 2) extremo de un cilindro para grabar;
3) borde de una cinta magnética; ; F= bord; côté;
périphérie; front; transition}.
edge curl {E} * A stretching of the borders or fringes of film
or tape which causes the diameter of the film/tape pack to
be larger near the edges than at the center; also known as
lipping.(06.) {D= Bandkräuseln; Es= abarquillamiento; F=
bords recourbés; deformation du support}.
edge flake (ef) {E} * Defect term for disc and cylinder
recordings which refers to the peeling or flaking of the
coating material from the vertical edge of the item; may
occur with laminated and non-laminated materials. It may
occur more easily than surface flake and may transpire
with no damage to the sonic content of the recording;
however, many sound archivists feel that it is an indication
that the remainder of the coating layer is in danger of
delaminating.(04.) {D= ?; Es= escama del borde; F=
écaillage sur le bord}.
edge fluting {E} * A rippling deformation along the edges of
magnetic tape or motion picture film brought about
because the edge of the tape/film is exposed to greater
changes in the environment than the centre. It can be
created by heat or humidity, or by the tape/film rubbing
unevenly against the containing reel flange (sides) during
playing, winding, or recording.04. {D= ?; Es= rizado del
borde; F= ondulation de la bordure}.
edge lift {E} * see edge roll.
edge numbers {E} * A series of sequential digits placed at
regular intervals, usually every 16 frames/12-inches on 35mm
film and every 20 frames/6-inches on 16-mm film (in
a few instances they are every 40 frames/12-inches on 16mm
film), along motion picture film for convenience in
frame-for-frame matching of the camera film to the work
print. The numbers are printed along one edge outside the
perforations on 35-mm film and between the perforations
on 16-mm film. The numbers are applied at two places in

the film production cycle: when the film is being
manufactured (latent film edge numbering and visible ink
edge numbering) and by commercial motion picture labs
(laboratory applied edge numbering); also known as key
numbers or footage numbers.(09.) {D= Fusznummer; Es=
número de borde; número marginal; F= numéros de bord}.
edge roll/lift {E} * The roll-off or lift-up of the outer edges of
the head, caused by head wear.46. {D= ?; Es= ondulación;
levantamiento del borde; F= bord émoussé}.
edge waxing {E} * Lubrication with a paraffin wax-solvent
solution (50 grams of paraffin wax per litre of methyl
chloroform) applied to the edge on the emulsion side of
35-mm and 70-mm motion picture film. All motion picture
films require some lubrication to prevent problems during
early projection life, but the particular rigours imposed on
35-mm and 70-mm release prints during projection require
such large amounts of lubrication that the projected image
quality would be impaired if it were applied over the entire
surface; hence, edge waxing.09. {D= ?; Es= parafinado del
borde; F= lubrification par cirage}.
edición (de la exposición) en paralelo {Es} * see parallel
edition statement {E}.
edición CMX {Es} * see CMX editing {E}.
edición de inserto {Es} * see insert edit {E}.
edición de la banda sonora {Es} * see soundtrack print {E}.
edición electronica {Es} * see electronic editing {E}.
edición manual {Es} * see manual edit {E}.
edición variante {Es} * see variant edition {E}.
Edison Record {E} * see Diamond Disc.
Edisonschrift-Aufnahme {D} * see vertical cut {E}.
edit black {E} * In video production, the time code signal
and other reference material are recorded along the entire
length of a Master videotape with no gaps or breaks. {D=
?; Es= datos grabados a lo largo de la cinta de vídeo; F=
piste de service de la bande master vidéo}.
edit block {E} * A metal block cut precisely to hold a piece
of magnetic tape, allowing an exact physical editing. {D=
?; Es= almohadilla [bloque metálico] de montaje; F= bloc
de montage}.
edit decision list (EDL) {E} * A list of edits defined with time
code and reel numbers used to assemble a video
presentation. {D= ?; Es= lista de decisiones de montaje;
F= liste de décisions de montage}.
editados {Es} * see non-print materials {E}.
editar {Es} * see cut {E}.
edited master videotape {E} * The completed videotape
production which has been edited with test bars, slate, and
tone ready for showing or broadcast. {D= ?; Es= cinta
matriz de vídeo editada; F= bande vidéo master éditée}.
editing bench {E} * see editing table.
editing machine {E} * see editing table.
editing table {E} * A motion picture film work surface
containing film rewinds, viewers, splicers, et al.; also called
an editing bench.(10.) {D= Schneidetisch; Es= mesa de
montaje; F= table de montage}.
edition {E} * The particular size, format, duration, sequence
of scenes or events, and/or mixing of a particular
86
production. 2) The total number of copies of such a
production published at one time. 3) One of several
versions of a multiple-version broadcast, such as the 6:30
edition of the news as opposed to the 7:00 edition of the
news; see also variation with minor changes; version with
major changes. {D= ?; Es= 1) tamaño, formato, etc y
montaje de una producción; 2) número de copias de una
publicación; 3) una de las varias versiones de una
emisión; F= édition}.
edition statement {E} * A word or phrase, or a group of
characters, indicating that an item belongs to a particular
version or variation. The edition statement may include
statements of responsibility and parallel and additional
edition statements.(12.) {D= ?; Es= editorial; F= mention
d'édition}.
édition (insertion) manuelle {F} * see manual edit {E}.
édition {F} * see edition {E}.
édition assistée par ordinateur {F} * see CMX editing {E}.
édition de la liste de décisions {F} * see way-off-line {E}.
édition parallèle {F} * see parallel edition statement {E}.
édition variante {F} * see variant edition {E}.
editor {E;Es} * The person in charge of the work of editing;
also called the cutter in motion picture film
productions.(30.) {D= Cutter; Schnittmeister; Es=
montador; F= monteur; éditeur (pupitre); chef monteur}.
editorial {Es} * see edition statement {E}.
EDL {E;F} * acronym for edit decision list. {D= ?; Es= lista
de decisiones de montaje}.
EDTV {E} * acronym for enhanced definition te-image
production designed to inform, edify, or instruct.12. {D=
Unterrichtsfilm; Unterrichtsvideo; Es= ?; F= ?}.
educational film/video {E} * A moving-image production
designed to inform, edify, or instruct.12. {D=
Unterrichtsfilm; Unterrichtsvideo; Es= película educativa
[didáctica]; F= film éducatif; vidéo éducative;}
EF {E} * acronym for edge flake.
efecto banda {Es} * see head banding {E}.
efecto banda {Es} * see head banding {E}.
efecto Callier {Es} * see Callier effect {E}.
efecto de la capa de aire {Es} * see air-layer effect {E}.
efecto de lluvia {Es} * see rain {E}.
efecto de persiana {Es} * see head banding {E}.
efecto de reciprocidad {Es} * see reciprocity effect {E}.
efecto persiana {Es} * see banding {E}.
efecto radial {Es} * see spoking {E}.
efecto trapecial {Es} * see keystoning {E}.
efectos {Es} * see effects {E}.
efectos especiales {Es} * see special effects {E}.
efectos ópticos {Es} * see optical effects {E}.
efectos sonoros {Es} * see sound effects {E}.

effacement {F} * see blanking; erasing; wipe {E}.
effacement accidentel {F} * see accidental erasure {E}.
effacement sélectif {F} * see selective erasure {E}.
effacer {F} * see erase {E}.
effaceur total {F} * see bulk eraser {E}.
effects {E} * Functions in a video switcher which occur
during a frame or line. The switcher output is the sum of
two or more signals in some proportion. Effects
electronically create a composite of visual images, either
natural or artificial. {D= ?; Es= efectos; F= effets; trucages;
bruitages}.
effet Callier {F} * see Callier effect {E}.
effet d'éblouissament {F} * see bloom {E}.
effet de bande (TV) {F} * see banding; head banding {E}.
effet de brouillard {F} * see fog {E}.
effet de comète {F} * see comet tail {E}.
effet de copie {F} * see echo {E}.
effet de copie {F} * see echo; print-through {E}.
effet de coussin d'air {F} * see air-layer effect {E}.
effet de persienne {F} * see banding; head banding;
horizontal (hum) bars {E}.
effet de pluie {F} * see rain {E}.
effet de réciprocité {F} * see reciprocity effect {E}.
effet en mur de brique {F} * see brickwall {E}.
effet tonneau? {F} * see barrel distortion {E}.
effet vidéo {F} * see splash {E}.
effets {F} * see effects {E}.
effets optiques {F} * see optical effects {E}.
effets sonores {F} * see sound effects {E}.
effets spéciaux {F} * see special effects {E}.
efficacité {F} * see sensitivity {E}.
EFM {E} * acronym for eight-to-fourteen modulation.
EFP {E} * acronym for electronic field production.
égalisateur {F} * see equalizer {E}.
égalisation (EQ) {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.
égalisation (vidéo) {F} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.
égalisation générale {F} * see sweetening {E}.
égaliseur {F} * see equalizer {E}.
EIA {E;Es} * acronym for Electronic Industries Association.
{D= ?; F= AIE}.
EIAJ {E;Es} * acronym for Electronic Industry Association
of Japan. {D= ?; F= association des industries
électroniques du Japon}.
EIAJ cassette {E} * A ½" videotape cassette format to EIA
87
standards which encloses the standard EIAJ-1 half inch
tape. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
EIAJ-1 {E;F} * A ½" open reel videotape format to EIA
standards. {D= ?; Es= tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete
abierto}.
EIAJ-2 {E;F} * A ½" videotape format similar to EIAJ-1
format, but with the addition of a converted subcarrier
colour system. {D= ?; Es= tipo de cinta de vídeo con
carrete abierto con un sistema de color distinto al EIAJ-1;
F= élément}.
Eidophor {E;F} * A video projection system used in
theaters where a large bright display is required. Its light
source is an arc light and the image is formed by a
complex electro-optical system. {D= ?; Es= sistema para
la proyección de un vídeo en un cine}.
eight-to-fourteen modulation (EFM; 8-to-14) {E} * In CD
technology, the pulse code modulated signal produced by
analogue-to-digital conversion in a simple non-return-tozero
bit stream of ones and zeros. EFM is applied to
produce a signal format suitable for recording and
introduces a unique synchronization pattern to each frame
of audio information.(10.) {D= ?; Es= modulación ocho a
catorce; F= modulation de huit à quatorze}.
Einergang {D} * see single-frame exposure {E}.
Eingabedaten/Ausgabedaten {D} * see input/output (I/O)
{E}.
Eingang {D} * see channel; input {E}.
Eingang {D} * see input {E}.
Eingang am Mischpult {D} * see channel {E}.
Eingangsignal {D} * see input signal {E}.
Einheit {D} * see item {E}.
Einkleben {D} * see tipping-in {E}.
Einlagerung {D} * see shelving {E}.
Einlauf-Auslauf-Rille {D} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.
Einmessung {D} * see alignment {E}.
Einsatz {D} * see insert {E;F}.
Einstellung {D} * see shot {E}.
Eintrag {D} * see entry {E}.
Einz/elbildaufnahme {D} * see stop-motion photography
{E}.
Einzelbild-Aufnahme {D} * see single-frame exposure {E}.
Einzelbildvergrösserung {D} * see blow-up {E}.
einzelne Tonspur {D} * see single track {E}.
Eisenoxid {D} * see ferric oxide {E}.
eje de rotación del tocadiscos {Es} * see spindle (1) {E}.
eje motor (vídeo) {Es} * see capstan {E}.
eje óptico {Es} * see pan {E}.
ejecución {Es} * see implementation {E;F}.
ejecución original {Es} * see original performance {E}.
ejemplar de depósito legal (derechos de autor) {Es} * see

deposit copy (copyright) {E}.
elaborador {Es} * see processor {E}.
elasticidad {Es} * see elasticity {E}.
élasticité {F} * see compliance; elasticity; yield strength
{E}.
elasticity {E} * The capacity of an object to return to its
original shape or place after deflection or displacement.
For example, in film or tape, this is the materials capacity
to 'unstretch' after handling or winding; in a disc, the
capacity of the groove walls to return to their original
shapes after playing.(04.) {D= Elastizität; Es= elasticidad
; F= élasticité}.
elcaset {D;E;F;Es} * An audio cassette format using
quarter-inch tape playing at 3.5 cm/s.
eldim {F} * see picture element (PIXEL) {E}.
electrical recording {E} * 1) An audio recording made with
the use of microphones and other electronic media as
opposed to an acoustical recording. 2) The system of
audio recording introduced on a large scale in 1925 by the
major records labels (Victor, Columbia, Gramophone, etc.)
that involves the use of a microphone and amplifier,
replacing acoustical recording. Simply put, the conversion
of acoustical sound waves from a source into electrical
energy, an image of which is transduced into a modulated
groove of the recording and later reconverted into
acoustical sound waves through the playback system; all
sound recording since this period has depended on some
form of electrical recording.(04.) {D= elektrische
Aufnahme; Es= grabación eléctrica; F= enregistrement
électronique}.
electrical transcription (ET) {E} * A 16-inch analogue signal
audio disc, usually standard groove, used to record a 15
minute programme, or a 15 minute segment of a longer
programme. {D= ?; Es= transcripción eléctrica; F=
transcription électronique}.
electridad estática {Es} * see static {E}.
électrodynamique {F} * see dynamic microphone {E}.
électroformage {F} * see electroforming {E}.
electroforming {E} * The production of metal impressions
from masters or sub-masters in the production of disc
media (78s, Lps, CDs, video discs, etc.) for disc pressing.
{D= Galvanisierung; Es= electroplastia; formación
electrolítica; F= électroformage}.
electron beam recorder (EBR) {E} * An electronic machine
which produces a film from a video signal by scanning and
exposing the film with an electron beam. {D= ?; Es=
grabación por haz de electrones; F= enregistreur par
faisceau électronique}.
electron gun {E} * The portion of a cathode ray tube in a
video monitor or TV receiver that produces the electron
beams. {D= ?; Es= pistola electrónica; F= canon à
électrons}.
electronic editing {E} * The editing of electronic media by
means of electronic buffers, such as in helical-scan video
formats, as well as in all digital formats. {D= elektronischer
Schnitt; Es= edición electronica; F= montage
électronique}.
electronic field production (EFP) {E} * Highly specialized
television equipment used in the production of program
information from occasional locations outside the
established studio. {D= ?; Es= producción de un campo
electrónico; F= production légère; vidéo légère (EFP)}.
88
electronic hygrometer {E} * An hygrometer operated by the
action of electrons. {D= elektronisches Hygrometer;
electronic Hygrometer; Es= higrómetro electrónico; F=
hygromètre électronique}.
electronic Hygrometer {D} * see electronic hygrometer {E}.
electronic news gathering (ENG) {E} * Highly specialized
television equipment used in the collection of news
material from occasional locations outside the established
studio. {D= ?; Es= recogida electrónica de noticias; F=
reportage télévisuel : JET}.
electronic records {E} * see machine-readable records.
Electronic Industry Association of Japan {Es} * see EIAJ
{E}.
electronics to electronics (E-E) {E;Es} * A process in a
videotape deck where the input video signal is routed
through all of the record and play circuitry except for the
heads themselves. {D= ?; F= canal électronique}.
Electronics Industries Association {Es} * see EIA {E}.
electrophotographic film {E} * A film base coated with a
light-sensitive photoconductor which retains its sensitivity
through repeated exposures and which, through
electrostatic processing, permit the updating of microfilm
and microfiche by the addition of new microimages and the
overprinting of superseded images.(40.) {D= ?; Es=
película electrográfica; F= film électrophotographique}.
electroplastia {Es} * see electroforming {E}.
electrostatic charge {E} * The build up on tape or disc
surfaces of electrical charges through friction. Discharging
during playback may cause audible 'clicks'. It also causes
dust to be attracted to the disc or tape surface, which, if
severe enough, can seriously interfere with the
performance of the pickup cartridge or head.(04.) {D=
elektrostatische Aufladung; Es= carga electrostática; F=
charge électrostatique}.
electrostatic process {E} * A direct, dry reproduction stillimage
or textual data duplication process which creates
copies on ordinary paper in an automatic machine using
electrical photoconductivity; also known as
Xerography.(22.23.) {D= elektrostatisches
Kopierverfahren; Es= xerografía; procedimiento
electroestático; F= reproduction électrostatique;
xérographie}.
elektrische Aufnahme {D} * see electrical recording {E}.
Elektrodynamisch {D} * see moving coil {E}.
Elektromagnetisch {D} * see moving magnet {E}.
Elektronenröhre {D} * see vacuum tube {E}.
Elektronische Datenverarbeiteung (EDV) {D} * see
automatic data processing {E}.
elektronischer Schnitt {D} * see electronic editing {E}.
elektronisches Hygrometer {D} * see electronic hygrometer
{E}.
elektrostatische Aufladung {D} * see electrostatic charge
{E}.
elektrostatisches Kopierverfahren {D} * see electrostatic
process {E}.
element {E} * 1) A word, phrase, or a group of characters
repre-senting a distinct unit of bibliographic information
and forming part of an area of the bibliographic

description.12. 2) The smallest detail distinguishable in a
video scanning line; in colour televi-sion, a dot. 3) One
optical part of a lens. 4) A constituent part of a circuit,
device, picture, soundtrack, et al.(10.) 5) An electri-cal
device, such as a generator, resistor, inductor, capacitor,
electronic valve, electronic tube, or line, with terminals by
which it may be connected to other electrical devices.07.
{D= ?; Es= elemento; F= élément}.
élément {F} * see element {E}.
élément antistatique {F} * see antistatic element {E}.
élément binaire {F} * see bit {E}.
élément de codage {F} * see component coding {E}.
élément de sécurité {F} * see protection master {E}.
elemento {Es} * see component; element {E}.
elementos de identificación serial {Es} * see series
statement {E}.
elementos de programación {Es} * see software {D;E}.
elementos físicos de un ordenador {Es} * see hardware
{E}.
éléments d'identification de séries {F} * see series
statement {E}.
elenco (de artistas) {Es} * see talent {E}.
elenco {Es} * see list {E}.
elim of maerialsinación de rasguños {Es} * see scratch
removal {E}.
eliminación {Es} * see destruction; disposal {E}.
eliminación de arañazos {Es} * see scratch removal {E}.
eliminación de burbujas mediante una plegadera {Es} *
see bone (the action of boning) {E}.
eliminación de la capa antihalo {Es} * see backing removal
élimination {F} * see destruction {E}.
élimination de la couche anti-halo {F} * see backing
removal {E}.
embalaje con papel celofán termosellado {Es} * see shrink
wrap {E}.
emballage sous film rétractable {F} * see shrink wrap {E}.
embobiner {F} * see roll {E}.
embossing {E} * 1) The raising of the surface of a material
in a relief pattern by use of a die.(10.) 2) The resulting
page, paper, book cover, etc. 3) In sound recording, the
use of a recording stylus with a rounded tip that displaces
the material in the recording medium and shoved upward
as two small ridges at the edges of the grooves. The
frequency response of such recordings, whether cylinder,
disc, belt, or film based, is rather limited, and the signal-to
noise ration will vary with different types of recording
material. 4) The resulting sound recording; see also
ferrotyping; indentation recording.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
estampación en relieve; F= enregistrement par
embossage; graveur en relief}.
embutidor {Es} * see inserter {E}.
émetteur {F} * see broadcast station {E}.
emisión {Es} * see broadcast {E;F}; issue {E}.
89
emisión en directo {Es} * see live {D;E}.
emisión en vivo {Es} * see live {D;E}.
emisora {Es} * see broadcast station (1) {E}.
émission {F} * see broadcast {E;F}.
émoussé {F} * see gap smear {E}.
empalmador de cinta (operario) {Es} * see tape splicer {E}.
empalmadora {Es} * see splicer {E}.
empalmadora película {Es} * see butt splicer {E}.
empalmar {Es} * see splicing {E}.
empalme {Es} * see splicing {E}.
empalme de cinta {Es} * see lap splice {E}.
empalme de cinta {Es} * see lap splice {E}.
empalme de pixel {Es} * see pixel pairing {E}.
empalme sonoro defectuoso {Es} * see bloop {E}.
empalmes {Es} * see buildup (1) {E}.
empañado {Es} * see muddy {E}.
Empfindlichkeit {D} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity {E}.
emphasis {E} * The increasing of signal-to-noise ratio of an
audio recording by boosting the high frequencies during
recording and de--emphasizing or correspondingly
attenuating them during play-back.(39.). Both emphasis &
de-emphasis are used also in some video recording
formats. The inverse operation of emphasis is deemphasis.
{D= Anhebung; Vorverzerrung; Es= énfasis; F=
accentuation}.
empreinte par transfert {F} * see surface imprint {E}.
empuje lateral {Es} * see skating {D;E}.
empuje lateral en el surco (efecto brazo tocadiscos) {Es}
* see groove skating {E}.
emulsion {D;E} * In still- and moving-image film media, a
gelatinous coating of specific chemicals on a transparent
base. The chemicals are such that when they are exposed
to radiant energy they react and create a latent
image.(22.10.23.) {D= Schicht; Es= emulsión; F= surface
sensible; émulsion}.
emulsion layer {E} * The stratum on photographic film or
paper that contains the image-forming light-sensitive
substances or photoconductors. {D= ?; Es= capa de
emulsión; F= couche d'émulsion}.
emulsion side {E} * The side of photographic film or paper
which carries the image-forming light-sensitive substances
or photocondu-ctors. {D= Schichtseite; Es= lado emulsíon;
F= face émulsion; côté émulsion}.
emulsion speed {E} * The sensitivity of photographic film
materials to light as measured against a scale devised by
the a body such as the ASA. In such a measurement the
faster the speed of the stock, the higher the number rating,
the greater the sensitivity to light. High speed films
generally have a rougher grain than slow speed films.(09.)
{D= Empfindlichkeit; Es= sensibilidad (emulsión); F=
vitesse d'émulsion; sensibilité}.
emulsión {Es} * see emulsion {D;E}; material; gelatin
emulsion {E}.

emulsión coloidal {Es} * see colloid emulsion {E}.
emulsión de albúmina {Es} * see albumen emulsion {E}.
emulsión de gelatina {Es} * see gelatin emulsion {E}.
emulsión ortocromática {Es} * see orthochromatic film {E}.
emulsión pancromática {Es} * see panchromatic film {E}.
émulsion colloïdale {F} * see colloid emulsion {E}.
émulsion d'albumen {F} * see albumen emulsion {E}.
émulsion d'un film {F} * see coating {E}.
émulsion panchromatique {F} * see panchromatic film {E}.
en asociación con {Es} * see co-operation/in association
with {E}.
en croissant {F} * see pin cushioning {E}.
en décor naturel {F} * see locatgion {E}.
en décor naturel {F} * see location {E}.
en état neuf {F} * see mint {E}.
en extérieur (tournage) {F} * see location {E}.
en extérieur (tournage) {F} * see location {E}.
en fase {Es} * see in-phase {E}.
en ligne {F} * see on-line {E}.
en línea {Es} * see on-line {E}.
en phase {F} * see in-phase {E}.
en temps réel {F} * see real-time {E}.
en-tête ? (doc) {F} * see tracing {E}.
en-tête {F} * see header field; heading {E}.
encabezamiento {Es} * see heading {E}.
encadenado {Es} * see dissolve {E}.
encadenamiento {Es} * see linkage {E}.
encapsulación {Es} * see encapsulation {E}.
encapsulation {E;F} * A method of protective enclosure for
flat objects (photographs, paper) which involves placing
the item between two sheets of transparent polyester film
that are subse-quently sealed around two or more of the
edges. The object is thus physically supported and
protected from the atmosphere and during handling. The
object may, however, continue to deteriorate in the
capsule. Because the object is not affixed to the polyester,
it can be removed by cutting one or more edges of the
polyester.17. {D= ?; Es= encapsulación; F= ?}.
encart J {F} * see j card {E}.
enceinte bass-reflex {F} * see bass reflex speaker
enclosure {E}.
enchaîné (superimposition) {F} * see super {E}.
enchaînement {F} * see change-over {E}.
enclavamiento (dispositivo de) de protección {Es} * see
interlock {E}.
90
enclosed horn gramophone {E} * see enclosed horn
phonograph.
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone {E} * An acoustic
audio playback machine with an enclosed horn, placed out
of sight inside the case or cabinet; the case or cabinet
frequently had doors, louvers, or cloth to hide the outlet
and, some believe, to control the volume. These models
came in several types: hornless gramophones had
moderately sized cabinets for the table top, with no top, but
with the tone arm turned down into the horn fitted below
the motor deck; if fitted with a top, this became a table
model; and an upright model of some greater width than
depth was termed a cabinet model.(14.) {D= ?; Es= trompa
acústica de fonógrafo [gramófono]; F= phonographe /
gramophone à pavillon interne}.
enclosure {E} * Various types of protective containers
(sleeves, boxes, cans, etc.) constructed for temporary or
permanent storage of material. {D= ?; Es= ?estuches
{Es}.; F= pochette, boîtier}.
encolado {Es} * see splice {E}.
encrassement des têtes {F} * see head clog {E}.
encuadre {Es} * see framing; mise-en-shot {E;F}.
encuadre de espaldas a la vista general {Es} * see pullback
shot {E}.
encubrimiento {Es} * see concealment {E}.
encubrimiento de error {Es} * see error concealment {E}.
end gate {E} * A device at the end of the mandrel on the
cylinder machine which aligned the mandrel shaft to run in
conical bearings at either end, one of which was set in the
end gate. A shortened end gate was called a swingarm.(14.)
{D= ?; Es= dispositivo alineador colocado en el
extremo del mandril; F= gravure}.
end groove {E} * see concentric groove.
END {E} * acronym for equivalent neutral density.
end-of-tape marker/sensor {E} * A device that
automatically stops a magnetic tape when the end of the
tape is reached.(10.) {D= ?; Es= sensor [señal] de fin de
cinta; F= marqueur/détecteur de fin de bande}.
Ende {D} * see tail {E}.
Endlosschleife {D} * see binloop; loop {E}.
enduit {F} * see backing; coating {E}.
enduit antihalo {F} * see antihalation coating {E}.
endurecedor {Es} * see hardener {E}.
endurecimiento preliminar de la película {Es} * see
forehardened film {E}.
energía radiante {Es} * see light {E}.
énfasis {Es} * see emphasis {E}.
enfermedad del vinagre {Es} * see vinegar syndrome
{D;E}.
enfocar {Es} * see focus {E}.
enfoque automático {Es} * see auto focus (1) {E}.
enfoque con poca profundidad de campo {Es} * see
shallow focus {E}.

enfoque continuo {Es} * see follow focus {E}.
enfoque de profundidad {Es} * see deep focus {E}.
enfreindre {F} * see infringe {E}.
ENG {E} * acronym for electronic news gathering. {D= ?;
Es= Recogida Electrónica de Noticias; F= JET}.
Englisches Trickfilm-Verfahren {D} * see travelling matte
{D;E;Es;F}.
engraving {E} * 1) The cutting or etching of letters, designs,
etc., in or on a object, usually a metal plate. 2) The act or
art of one who makes such a plate. 3) The plate resulting
from such an act. 4) For still images, a metal plate used to
produce a design or drawing; also called a cut. 5) A print
made from an engraving.(10.) 6) For sound recordings, the
most common type of disc recording in which some of the
disc or the disc coating material is removed from the disc
as the cutting stylus makes the groove.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
grabado; F= graveur}.
engrudo {Es} * see paste {E}.
Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) {D;E} * A high
quality NTSC compatible television picture at a lower
resolution than HDTV.(10.) {Es= televisión de definición
intensificada; F= système de télévision à résolution
améliorée (EDTV)}.
enlace {Es} * see linkage {E}
enregistrement à gravure verticale {F} * see vertical cut
recording {E}.
enregistrement acoustique {F} * see acoustical recording
{E}.
enregistrement analogique {F} * see analogue recording
{E}.
enregistrement d'images cinématographiques ou vidéo {F}
* see pickup {E}.
enregistrement de copyright {F} * see copyright deposit;
copyright registration {E}.
enregistrement deux pistes {F} * see two track recording
{E}.
enregistrement direct {F} * see direct recording {E}.
enregistrement direct sur disque {F} * see direct to disc
recording {E}.
enregistrement électrique {F} * see electrical recording {E}.
enregistrement en extérieur {F} * see field recording {E}.
enregistrement longue durée {F} * see long-play; longplaying
record (Lp) {E}.
enregistrement magnéto-optique {F} * see magneto-optical
recording (MOR) {E}.
enregistrement microphonique {F} * see pickup {E}.
enregistrement monophonique {F} * see monaural recorder
{E}.
enregistrement numérique {F} * see digital recording {E}.
enregistrement optique {F} * see optical recorder {E}.
enregistrement optique effaçable {F} * see erasable optical
storage {E}.
91
enregistrement optique numérique {F} * see digital optical
recording(DOR) {E}.
enregistrement original {F} * see original recording {E}.
enregistrement par embossage {F} * see embossing {E}.
enregistrement par indentation {F} * see indentation
recording {E}.
enregistrement par le groupe original {F} * see original cast
{E}.
enregistrement personnel {F} * see personal record {E}.
enregistrement quatre pistes {F} * see four-track recording
{E}.
enregistrement sonore {F} * see sound recording {E}.
enregistrement témoin {F} * see air check {E}.
enregistrement Y/C {F} * see Y/C recording {E}.
enregistrements accessibles par machine {F} * see
machine-readable records/archives {E}.
enregistreur {F} * see recorder {E}.
enregistreur à fil {F} * see wire recording {E}.
enregistreur bipiste/double piste {F} * see dual track
recorder {E}.
enregistreur de son {F} * see sound recorder {E}.
enregistreur demi-piste {F} * see half-track recorder {E}.
enregistreur magnétique incompatible {F} * see pattern
sensitivity {E}.
enregistreur monophonique {F} * see monophonic recorder
{E}.
enregistreur monopiste {F} * see single track recorder {E}.
enregistreur par faisceau électronique {F} * see electron
beam recorder (EBR) {E}.
enregistreur type C {F} * see type C recorder {E}.
enrollado (de la cinta) controlado {Es} * see library wind
{E}.
enrollado {Es} * see wind {E}.
enrollar {Es} * see roll (2) {E}.
enroulement {F} * see pack; wind {E}.
enroulement ondulé {F} * see cinching {E}.
enrouler {F} * see roll {E}.
ensamblaje en orden cronológico {Es} * see assemble edit
{E}.
ensayo AB {Es} * see AB-test {E}.
ensemble de plusieurs volumes {F} * see volume set {E}.
entaille encoche{F} * see notch {E}.
Entfeuchten von Luft {D} * see dehumidify {E}.
Entlehnung {D} * see loan {E}.
Entmagnetisierdrossel {D} * see demagnetizer; head
demagnetizer {E}.

Entmagnetisierung {D} * see demagnetization {E}.
entonar {Es} * see tone (3) {E}.
entrada {Es} * see entry; input {E}.
entrada {Es} * see input {E}.
entrada de ordenador en microfilme/microforma {Es} * see
computer input microfilm/microform (CIM) {E}.
entrada de ordenador para microfilme o microforma {Es}
* see computer input microfilm/microform (CIM) {E}.
entrada principal {Es} * see main entry {E}.
entrada/salida {Es} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.
entramado {Es} * see raster {E}.
entre canales {Es} * see channel separation {E}.
entrecruzamiento {Es} * see cross-linking {E}.
entrée {F} * see input {E}.
entrée {F} * see input {E}.
entrée analytique {F} * see analytical entry {E}.
entrée/sortie {F} * see input/output (I/O) {E}.
entrefer {F} * see gap {E}.
entrefer usé {F} * see gap smear {E}.
entrehierro {Es} * see gap {E}.
entrelacement {F} * see interleaving {E}.
entrelacement {F} * see interleaving {E}.
entrelaminar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
entrelaminar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
entrepaño {Es} * see shelf {E}.
entretien des collections {F} * see collection maintenance
{E}.
entry {E} * {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
entry {E} * 1) The recording in a list, journal, register, etc.,
of a document or transaction. 2) An item thus recorded. 3)
The unit of description in a finding aid.22.23. 4) A record of
an item in a catalogue; see also head-ing.12. 5) A unit of
information used in a computer.10. {D= Eintrag; Es=
entrada; asiento; F= unité d'enregistrement;
enregistrement; inscription; analyse}.
entry face {E} * In optical digital media, the disc or
cartridge face on which the read or write beam first
impinges.(46.) {D= ?; Es= cara de entrada; F= face de
lecture}.
Entsäuerung {D} * see deacidification (neutralization) {E}.
Entwickeln {D} * see developing {E}.
Entwickler {D} * see developer {E}.
Entwicklung {D} * see development; processing {E}.
Entwurf {D} * see draft {E}.
Entzerrer {D} * see equalizer {E}.
92
Entzerrung {D} * see equalization (EQ); post-emphasis {E}.
envejecimiento {Es} * see ageing {E}.
envejecimiento acelerado {Es} * see accelerated ageing
{E}.
envelope delay distortion {E} * The measure of the time
delay of different frequency components as they pass
through the video system, and is measured in
nanoseconds. {D= ?; Es= distorsión de retardo de
envolvente; F= distorsion de phase}.
enveloppement {F} * see wrap {E}.
envío {Es} * see issue {E}.
environnement d'exploitation {F} * see operating
environment {E}.
envoltorio de la película {Es} * see film jacket {E}.
envoltura {Es} * see jacket; pack {E}.
EOT {E} * acronym for end-of-tape marker.
épaisseur {F} * see thickness {E}.
épaisseur apparente {F} * see apparent thickness {E}.
épaisseur du revêtement {F} * see coating thickness {E}.
épaisseur physique {F} * see physical thickness {E}.
épaisseur totale {F} * see total thickness {E}.
épaule {F} * see shoulder {E}.
épi double {F} * see back-to-back row/shelving {E}.
epílogo (sincronización electrónica) {Es} * see postamble
{E}.
épilogue {F} * see postamble {E}.
episode title {E} * An identifier assigned to the individual
parts of a series or serial and which, together with the
series/serial title, form an integral part of the title proper of
moving-image and/or sound recording work.(12.) {D= ?;
Es= título del episodio [capítulo]; F= titre de l'épisode}.
épreuve {F} * see print {E}.
épreuve contact {F} * see direct positive {E}.
épreuve glacée {F} * see glossy print {E}.
épreuve positif {F} * see positive {E}.
épreuves {F} * see rushes {E;F}.
EQ {E} * abbreviation for equalization.
equalización {Es} * see equalization (EQ) {E}.
equalization (EQ) {E} * 1) The process of modifying the
amplitude/frequency response in a recording and
reproducing system to produce flat overall characteristics,
minimize noise, or give an 'artistic' effect. The different
types of equalization include frequency correction,
diameter, etc.(04.) 2) The increase of the high-frequency
record level with respect to the decreasing groove speed
(velocity) in recording to compensate for reproducing
losses. 3) Amplitude modulation of certain frequencies in
a video signal to compensate for deficiencies in the
record/reproduce system.10. 4) EQ--standards change
with the progress of techniques and are standard-ized by
bodies like AES, CCIR, DIN, and IEC; see also emphasis.

{D= Entzerrung; Es= equalización; F= 1) égalisation (EQ)
2) correction 3) compensation}.
equalization pulses {E} * Pulses that assure continued
synchronization during the vertical retrace as well as
proper interlace of the odd and even fields of video.
Additionally, these pulses prevent the pairing of interlace
lines in the TV receiver. {D= ?; Es= impulsos de
equalización; F= impulsions d'égalisation}.
equalizer {E} * 1) A signal processing device that can
boost (amplify), cut (attenuate), or 'shelve' portions of the
audio frequency spectrum during recording. It can be used
to alter the sound of a recording when making a copy.
Different kinds of equalizers serve different functions: fixed
frequency, graphic, paragraphic, peaking, shelving,
etc.(04.) 2) Electronic circuitry that compensates for
undesirable losses or distortions of video frequencies
within a TV distribution or transmission system. {D=
Entzerrer; Es= 1) ecualizador con equipo procesador de
señales); 2) ecualizador (con circuito electrónico); F=
égaliseur; égalisateur}.
equivalent neutral density (END) {E} * An expression of the
amounts of the various components of an image which
tells how dense a grey that component will form.(09.) {D=
?; Es=
densidad neutral equivalente; F= densité neutre
équivalente}.
éraflure {F} * see abrasion marks; scrape {E}.
erasable optical storage {E} * Optical media upon which
data can be written, read, and then erased and then
written again.39. {D= löschbare optische Speicher; Es=
almacenamiento óptico borrable; F= enregistrement
optique effaçable}.
erase {E} * To remove or wipe out data in such a way that
the record medium can, generally, be used again; see also
erasure. {D= Löschen; Es= borrar; F= effacer}.
erase head {E} * 1) In general, a device on a recorder used
to obliterate an-recording; see also bulk eraser;
degausser; demagnetization. {D= Löschung; Es= borrado;
F= effacement}.
Erdung {D} * see ground {E}.
ergot {F} * see pin {E}.
erosión entrehierro {Es} * see gap smear {E}.
erreur {F} * see error {E}.
erreur d'ouverture {F} * see aperture error {E}.
erreur de bit aléatoire {F} * see random bit error {E}.
erreur de montage {F} * see up cut {E}.
erreur de quantification {F} * see quantization error {E}.
erreur de suivi de piste {F} * see radial tracking error;
tracking error {E}.
erreurs de quantification {F} * see quantizing errors {E}.
erreurs en salves {F} * see burst error {D;E}.
error {E;Es} * A discrepancy between a computed,
observed, or measured value or condition and the true,
specified, or theoretically correct value or condition.46. {D=
Fehler; F= erreur}.
error concealment {E} * A method used to 'repair' or
conceal an error in the audio signal. Through interpolation,
new data is derived from adjacent error-free data blocks.
93
Interpolated data is not identical with the original data and
many feel that it has only a limited use in an archival
setting; see also error correction. (39.) {D=
Fehlerverdeckung; Es= encubrimiento [evitar] de error; F=
dissimulation d'erreurs}.
error correction {E} * A method of remedying mistakes in
data; see also cross interleave Reed-Solomon code. {D=
Fehlerkorrektur; Es= corrección [rectificación] de error; F=
correction d'erreurs}.
error correction code (ECC) {E} * see error detection and
correction code.
error de abertura {Es} * see aperture error {E}.
error de bit aleatorio {Es} * see random bit error {E}.
error de cuantificación {Es} * see quantization error {E}.
error de grabación de pista {Es} * see radial tracking error
{E}.
error de montaje {Es} * see up cut {E}.
error de seguimiento {Es} * see tracking error {E}.
error detection {E} * 1) A method of recognizing mistakes
in data. 2) For digital data, a coding system which provides
a method of determining errors that occur in a digital data
stream prior to correction or concealment.(39.) {D=
Fehlererkennung; Es= detección de error; F= détection
d'erreurs}.
error detection and correction {E} * 1) A method of
recognizing and correcting mistakes in data. 2) In digital
data, fault discovery and rectification using simultaneously
recorded correction information either previously added to
the data stream or recorded separately on an auxiliary
track.(46.) {D= Fehlerkennung und Korrektur; Es= ?; F= ?}.
error detection and correction code (EDCC) {E} * A family
of methods of error correction in which redundancy is
added to a message in known fashion which is added to a
message in a known fashion; upon read-back, a decoder
removes the redundancy and uses the redundant
information to detect and correct erroneous data.(46.) {D=
Fehlerkennung und Korrekturcode; Fehlerkorrekturcode;
Es= código de detección y corrección [rectificación] de
errores; F= code de détection et de correction d'erreurs;
détection et correction d'erreurs}.
error protection {E} * The use of error detection, correction,
and concealment to reinforce the robustness of storage or
transmission.(39.1) {D= Fehlerschutz; Es= protección
contra errores; F= protection contre les erreurs}.
error ratio {E} * The percentage of the number of data units
in error in relationship to the total number of data
units.(46.) {D= Fehlerrate; Es= nivel de error; F= rapport
d'erreurs}.
Ersatzkosten {D} * see replacement cost {E}.
Ersatzverfilmung {D} * see disposal microfilming {E}.
Ersatzverfilmung {D} * see preservation microfilming {E}.
Ersatzverfilmung aus Konservierungsgründen {D} * see
preservation microfilming {E}.
erste Kopie {D} * see answer print; checkprint {E}.
escala gris {Es} * see gray scale {E}.
escala IRE {Es} * see IRE {D;E;Es;F}.
escala IRE {Es} * see IRE scale {E}.

escalera {Es} * see stair step {E}.
escalier modimé {F} * see stair step {E}.
escama del borde {Es} * see edge flake (ef) {E}.
escena {Es} * see scene; take (1) {D;E}.
escena de espaldas a la vista general {Es} * see pull-back
shot {E}.
escenas en paralelo {Es} * see parallel action {E}.
escenografía {Es} * see art director; set {E}.
escribir {Es} * see write {E}.
esfumado {Es} * see fade {E}.
espace filmique {F} * see filmic space {E}.
espace interbloc {F} * see interblock gap {E}.
espace réservé {F} * see black hole {E}.
espacio de grabación {Es} * see playing area {E}.
espacio entre bloques (de un registro magnético) {Es} *
see interblock gap {E}.
espacio fílmico {Es} * see filmic space {E}.
espátula de calor {Es} * see tacking iron {E}.
especificaciones mecánicas {Es} * see mechanical
specifications {E}.
espectro {Es} * see spectrum {E}.
espectrofotómetro {Es} * see spectrophotometer {E}.
espejo dicroíco {Es} * see Dichroic mirror {E}.
espérance de vie {F} * see life expectancy (LE) {E}.
esperanza de duración (de vida) {Es} * see life expectancy
(LE) {E}.
espesor {Es} * see thickness {E}.
espesor aparente {Es} * see apparent thickness {E}.
espesor del revestimiento {Es} * see coating thickness {E}.
espesor físico {Es} * see physical thickness {E}.
espesor total {Es} * see total thickness {E}.
espiga {Es} * see pin {E}.
espósito {Es} * see stacks {E}.
Essigsäure {D} * see acetic acid {E}.
estabilidad {Es} * see stability {E}.
estabilidad de la imagen {Es} * see image stability {E}.
estabilidad del tinte {Es} * see dye stability {E}.
estabilidad frente a la luz {Es} * see lightfast {E}.
estabilidad química {Es} * see chemical stability {E}.
estabilizadores {Es} * see stabilizers {E}.
establishing shot {E} * In moving-image production,
94
generally a long shot which shows the viewer the general
location of the scene which follows.(30.) {D= ?; Es= toma
de situación; F= plan de situation; plan général}.
estación terrestre {Es} * see earth station {E}.
estado físico de un objeto en el momento de su envío {Es}
* see shipping environment (1) {E}.
estallido {Es} * see burst {E}.
estallido negro {Es} * see black burst {E}.
estampa (grabado) {Es} * see print (3) {E}.
estampa {Es} * see stamper {E}.
estampación en relieve {Es} * see embossing {E}.
estampeuse {F} * see stamper {E}.
estándar {Es} * see standard {E}.
estándar de banda baja {Es} * see lowband standard
{D;E}.
estándar de televisión NTSC {Es} * see NTSC television
standard {E}.
estante {Es} * see bay {E}.
estantear {Es} * see shelving {E}.
estantería {Es} * see case (2); shelving (1, 2); row {E}.
estantería compacta {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.
estantería de archivo {Es} * see archival rack {E}.
estantería de doble faz {Es} * see back-to-back
row/shelving {E}.
estantería densa {Es} * see compact shelving {E}.
estantería doble faz {Es} * see back-to-back row/shelving
{E}.
Estar {D;E;Es;F} * A polyethylene terephthalate
polyester used by Kodak as a film base for some of its
motion picture films (mostly intermediate and print
films).(09.)
estela de luz {Es} * see light struck {E}.
ester {E;F} * An organic compound, comparable to an
inorganic salt, formed by the reaction of an organic or
inorganic acid and an alcohol or phenol. {D= ?; Es= éster}.
éster {Es} * see ester {E}.
estéreo {Es} * see stereo {E}.
estereofonía {Es} * see stereo {E}.
estereografías {Es} * see stereogram {E}.
estereografías {Es} * see stereogram {E}.
estereógrafo {Es} * see stereograph {E}.
estereoscopía {Es} * see stereoscopy {E}.
estereoscopio {Es} * see stereoscope {E}.
estirado de la película {Es} * see rack (2, 3) {E}.
estiramiento {Es} * see stretch (2) {E}.

estreno {Es} * see release {E}.
estría espiral {Es} * see spiral groove .-tor {E}.
estuche {Es} * see case (3); kit {E}.
estuche protectora {Es} * see shell {E}.
estuches {Es} * see enclosure {E}.
estudio {Es} * see studio {D;E;F}.
ET {E} * acronym for electrical transcription.
étagère {F} * see case {E}.
étagère d'archivage {F} * see archival rack {E}.
étain {F} * see stain {E}.
étalonner {F} * see calibrate {E}.
étalonner la lumière {F} * see fix {E}.
étalonneur {F} * see timer {E}.
etch {E} * 1) To selectively remove metal from a plate. 2)
For still-images, the removal of metal from an intaglio or
letterpress printing plate by means of corrosive chemicals
or electrolysis. In the strictest sense, differs from engraving
in that an engraved plate is incised with a tool.(10.) {D= ?;
Es= grabar al agua fuerte; F= gravure}.
etching {E} * see fungal etching.
étendue {F} * see extent {E}.
étendue {F} * see extent {E}.
ethernet {E;F} * A data communications strategy used to
transmit data at up to 10 megabits per second over a local
area network; may use thick or thin coaxial cable pair. {D=
?; Es= red etérea}.
ethylene oxide {E} * An effective mould fumigant for many
archive and/or library materials, used as such in such
facilities from the early 1930s to recent times. Since it is
extremely toxic and carcinogenic its use is strictly
regulated in most parts of the world and it is now seldom
used for mould fumigation in such instances.(36.) {D= ?;
Es= óxido de etileno; F= oxyde d'éthylène}.
Etikett {D} * see label {E}.
etiqueta {Es} * see label {E}.
etiquetado original {Es} * see original label {E}.
étiquette {F} * see label {E}.
étiquette originale {F} * see original label {E}.
étiré {F} * see tentelometer; tensilized {E}.
étirement {F} * see stretch {E}.
étui {F} * see cover {E}.
evaluación {Es} * see evaluation {E}.
évaluateur {F} * see evaluator {E}.
evaluation {E} * 1) The determination of value or worth of
something, as to measure the quality of a copy. 2) In
magnetic media, the measurement of the physical and
magnetic quality of the media. {D= Bewertung;
Auswertung; Es= evaluación; F= évaluation; appéciation}.
95
evaluator {E} * 1) In film and magnetic media, equipment
--provided as an adjunct to a magnetic tape or motionpicture
film winder/cleaner-- which measures the physical
and magnetic quality of the tape or film. In contrast to a
certifier, an evaluator does not stop when it detects an
error.(46.) 2) A person who makes an evaluation. {D=
Bewerter; Gutachter; Es= evaluador; F= évaluateur}.
even field {E} * see field {E}.
évent {F} * see decomposition vent {E}.
évent anti-explosion {F} * see explosion vent {E}.
evidential value {E} * The value of documents of an
institution or organization in providing evidence of its
origins, structure, functions, procedures, and significant
transactions as distinct from informational value.22. {D=
Beweiswert; Es= valor patente [evidente]; F= valeur
probatoire}.
evitar de error {Es} * see error concealment {E}.
exactitude {F} * see fidelity {E}.
exactitude {F} * see fidelity {E}.
excéntrica {Es} * see cam {E}.
excentrique {F} * see cam {E}.
excerpt {E} * A part, usually a complete scene or
sequence, taken from a complete moving-image and/or
sound recording work. In moving-image parlance an
excerpt is distinguished from a clip by the fact that an
excerpt is usually longer and gives a more detailed sense
of the complete work than does a clip.(12.) {D= Exzerpt;
Auszug; Es= extracto; F= extrait}.
execution originale {F} * see original performance {E}.
exhibición {Es} * see exhibition {E}.
exhibition {E} * 1) The display of documents, either original
or copies, for educational and cultural purposes.(23.) 2)
The public showing of feature motion pictures in a theatre.
3) A public showing of materials within a controlled
situation. 4) A broadcast presentation or other
transmission.(10.) {D= 1) Ausstellung; 2) Vorführung; Es=
1) exposición; presentación; 2) exhibición; F= 1) exposition
d'archives; 2) exploitation; 4) représentation}.
existencias de una película {Es} * see filmstock {E}.
existing light {E} * In photographic work, strictly speaking,
all natural lighting from moonlight to sunshine. It comprises
the illumination that is already on the scene or
project and includes room lamps, fluorescent lamps,
spotlights, neon signs, candles, daylight through windows,
outdoor scenes at twilight or in moonlight, and scenes
artificially illuminated after dark.(09.) {D= ?; Es= luz
existente; F= lumière ambiante}.
expansion des contrastes {F} * see pre-emphasis (preequalization)
{E}.
expansion étirement{F} * see stretch {E}.
expansión de la imagen {Es} * see image expansion {E}.
expediente {Es} * see file (1) {E}.
expediente concluso {Es} * see closed file (1) {E}.
exploitation film {E} * A moving-image production designed
to take advantage of a particular need or desire of the
audience. Usually, the term has a negative
connotation.(30.) {D= ?; Es= película de explotación; F=
film pour le grand public}.

exploración de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed
scanning {E}.
exploración entrelazada {Es} * see interlace scanning;
interlaced scan {E}.
exploración helicoidal {Es} * see helical scan {D;E}.
exploración lenta {Es} * see slow-scan {E}.
exploración mecánica {Es} * see mechanical scanning {E}.
exploración por segmentos {Es} * see segmented scan
{E}.
explorador {Es} * see scanner {E}.
explorador de la imagen {Es} * see image scanner {E}.
explorador de punto móvil {Es} * see flying spot scanner
{E}.
explosion vent {E} * In nitrate film vaults, a vent to relieve
explosion pressures resulting from ignition of a mixture of
decomposition gases and air. NFPA 40 has specific
standards for the size and strength of such panels.(34.)
{D= ?; Es= orificio anti-explosión; F= évent anti-explosion}.
expose in sections {E} * To make more than one
photograph to cover the whole document if original
documents are larger than the maximum area of coverage
of a camera.40. {D= ?; Es= exposición por secciones; F=
exposition par sections}.
exposición {Es} * see exhibition; exposure; exposure
setting {E}.
exposición fotograma a fotograma {Es} * see single-frame
exposure {E}.
exposición gradual {Es} * fade {E}.
exposición imagen a imagen {Es} * see single-frame
exposure
exposición por secciones {Es} * see expose in sections
{E}.
exposímetro {Es} * see exposure meter {E}.
exposition {F} * see existing light; exposure {E}.
exposition automatique {F} * see automatic exposure {E}.
exposition image par image {F} * see single-frame
exposure {E}.
exposition par sections {F} * see expose in sections {E}.
expositions multiples {F} * see multiple exposure {E}.
exposure {E} * 1) The act of exposing a material to radiant
energy. 2) The time during which a sensitized material is
subjected to the action of radiation. 3) The product of
radiation intensity and the time during which it acts on the
photosensitive material.40. 4) In photographic processes,
a measure of the amount of light entering the lens and
striking the surface of the film. Film can be overexposed to
give a very light, dreamy quality to the image, or it can be
under-exposed to make the image darker and more
forebod-ing; see also development.(09.30.) {D=
Belichtung; Es= exposición; F= exposition; pose;
lumination}
exposure index (E) {E} * A number assigned to a camera
film that expresses the relative sensitivity to light (speed)
of that material. The exposure index is based on the film
emulsion speed, a standard exposure technique, and
specific processing solutions.09. {D= ?; Es= índice de
96
exposición; F= indice de pose}.
exposure latitude {E} * The range of film camera
exposures, from under-exposure to over-exposure, that will
produce acceptable pictures from a specific film.09. {D= ?;
Es= latitud de exposición; F= latitude d'exposition}.
exposure meter {E} * An optical or photo-electrical device
designed to ascertain the amount of light falling on a
subject for the pur-pose of determining the correct opening
of a camera.(09.) {D= Belichtungsmesser; Es= fotómetro;
exposímetro; F= posemètre; cellule}
exposure setting {E} * The lens opening and shutter speed
selected to expose the film.09. {D= ?; Es= exposición; F=
réglage d'exposition}.
expresionismo {Es} * see expressionism {E;F}.
expressionism {E;F} * In moving-image productions, a
genre of film style which allows liberal use of technical
devices and artistic distortion and in which the personality
of the di-rector is always paramount and obvious.
Specifically, the term refers to the kinds of films made by
many German directors in the 1920s; see also realism;
neo-realism.(30.) {D= ?; Es= expresionismo}.
expurgo {Es} * see disposal {E}.
exsudation {F} * see exudation {E}.
extended term storage conditions {E} * Storage conditions
suitable for the preservation of recorded information having
permanent value. {D= ?; Es= condiciones de
almacenamiento a largo plazo; F= conditions de stockage
à très long terme}.
Extended Play {D} * see extra play tape {E}.
extender {E} * ?? 2) A device used in electronic
maintenance which physically extends an individual
module or-OM applications, a program which is added to
an operating system of optical discs to augment its
capabilities (e.g., MS-DOS extension to permit access of
CD-ROM files).39. {D= ?; Es= ?}.
extender {E} * Materials, usually organic, blended with
basic resins in recordings usually for economic or
performance reasons; the extender is intended to make
the base material go further and produce more artifacts, or
to change the base material in some manner so that it
performs differently (i.e., more or less abrasive, more or
less plastic, etc.); see also filler.(04.) {D= ?; Es= extensión;
F= extension}.
extensión {Es} * see extension {E;F}.
extension {F} * see extender {E}.
extent {E} * 1) The duration of an item. 2) In CD-ROM
media, a set of logical blocks, the logical block numbers of
which form a continuous ascending sequence.(20.) {D= ?;
Es= alcance; importancia; grado; F= durée; étendue}
exteriores (rodaje en) {Es} * see location {E}.
exteriores {Es} * see location {E}.
external sync {E} * A synchronizing reference signal that is
coming from an external source. {D= ?; Es= sincronización
externa; F= synchronisation externe}.
extra play tape {E} * A type of magnetic tape which gives
50% more than standard playing time on a standard reel
because it employs a thinner base together and a thinner
(and, potentially, a more potent) oxide coating; also known
as 'long-play' or 'extended play'.(16.) {D= Extended Play;
Es= cinta de larga duración; F= bande longue durée}.

extraction {F} * see separation {E}.
extracto {Es} * see excerpt {E}.
extracto de película {Es} * see film clip {E}.
extrait {F} * see excerpt {E}.
extraits (morceaux choisis) {F} * see highlights {E}.
extraits (morceaux choisis) {F} * see highlights {E}.
extreme long shot {E} * In moving-image production, a
panoramic view of an exterior location photographed from
a good distance, often as far as quarter of a mile
away.(30.) {D= ?; Es= toma a larga distancia; F= plan très
lointain; de très grand ensemble}.
extrémité {F} * see tail {E}.
extremo (fin de una cinta) {Es} * see tail (2) {E}.
extremo de un cilindro para grabar {Es} * see edge (2) {E}.
exudación {Es} * see exudation {E}.
exudation {E} * The process, or the product of the process,
in which material is emitted or oozes from an object,
usually applied to decomposition and its products.(04.) {D=
?; Es= exudación; F= exsudation}.
Exzerpt {D} * see excerpt {E}.
eye light {E} * A very low angle light used in video
production to effect desirable reflection from the eyes of
the subject without substantially affecting the overall
lighting conditions. also known as a pigeon light. {D= ?;
Es= luz reflejada desde [por] los ojos; F= petit projecteur
pour les yeux}.
f ---
f-number {E} * 1) Setting used to indicate the size and light
passing ability of a lens opening. Common f-numbers are
f/1.4, f/2.0, f/2.8, f/4.0, f/5.6, f/8, f/16, and f/22. The larger
the f-number, the smaller the lens opening, the less light
enters the camera. In this example f/1.4 is the largest lens
opening and f/22 is the smallest, with these numbers
indicating the ratio of the focal length of the lens to the
effective diameter of the lens opening; see also
stop.(09.30.19.) There also exists a system of
measurement in 't-numbers' which is a more accurate
index of the amount of light actually striking the film
emulsion.30. Also called f-stop. {D= ?; Es= número f; F=
?}
fabricante original del equipo {Es} * see original equipment
manufac-turer (OEM) {E}.
face de lecture {F} * see entry face {E}.
face émulsion {F} * see emulsion side {E}.
facsímil {Es} * see facsimile {E}.
facsimile {E} * A reproduction, similar in all aspects, of a
document.(22.23.) 2) An electronic system for transmitting
pictures and graphic materials over very high frequency air
waves.07. {D= Faksimile; Es= facsímil; F= facsimilé;
télécopie}.
facsimilé {F} * see facsimile {E}.
facteur d'éclatement {F} * see burst factor {E}.
facteur de contraste {F} * see contrast ratio; gamma
correction {E}.
97
facteur de déchirure {F} * see tear factor {E}.
facteur de réflexion {F} * see reflectance {E}.
factor de desgarro {Es} * see tear factor {E}.
factor de estallido {Es} * see burst factor {E}.
factor de reflexión {Es} * see reflectance {E}.
fade {E} * 1) Exposure of motion picture film either in the
camera or during subsequent operations so that, for a
fade-in, starting with maximum density and extending for
a predetermined number of frames, each successive
frame receives a systematically greater exposure than the
frame preceding it, until full normal exposure for the scene
has been attained. From this frame on, successive frames
receive identical exposure for the remainder of the take.
The procedure is reversed in the case of fade-outs.09. 2)
The loss of intended or original colour, including black and
white, from an object. 3) The reduction or decreasing of an
audio signal. 3) In video production, the smooth transition
of audio or video from 100 to 0 percent as in a fade out or
fade down or 0 to 100 percent as in a fade-in or fade-up.
.D= 1) Abblende; 2) Verblassen; 3) ausblenden; Es=
fundido; esfumado; desvanecimiento; 1) ondudo de cierre;
exposición gradual; 2) décolouración; 3) reducción de la
señal de audio; F= 1) fondu; ouverture en fondu; fermeture
en fondu; fondue à la fermeture; 2) décoloration; 3)= ?}.
fade-in {E} * see fade.
fade-out {E} * see fade.
fadeometer {E} * An accelerated ageing testing device
which exposes samples of coloured materials or coatings
to a carbon arc to determine their resistance to fade or
fading. The arc emits an intense actinic light which in a
matter of hours approximates the destructive effect of a
much longer period of ordinary daylight. Although it does
not exactly duplicate the effect of prolonged exposure to
natural light, it is still an effective indicator of the degree of
light stability that can be expected of a material, and of the
comparative resistance to fading of a number of samples;
see also accelerated ageing.45. {D= ?; Es= medidor de la
decoloración; F= décolorateur}.
fader {E;F} * 1) A potentiometer, attenuator, or other
device used to control sound, video, or lighting. 2) A device
used to progressive-ly increase or decrease the amount of
light reaching a film emulsion; may be accomplished by
such means as a shutter, variable density glass; also
called a fading glass, fading shutter. 3) A term sometimes
applied to master dimmers controlling many dimming
circuits.(10.) {D= Regler; Es= atenuador; F= potentiomètre;
gradateur}.
fading {E} * see fade.
fading glass {E} * see fader.
fading shutter {E} * see fader.
Fahraufnahme {D} * see dolly shot {E}.
faible contraste {F} * see low contrast {E}.
faible profondeur de champ. {F} * see sharpness; shallow
focus {E}.
fair market value {E} * The determination of price of an
object by comparing it to similar pieces presently available;
used to establish value to determine price, tax deductions,
and in some property policies.(21.) {D= ?; Es= valor justo
de venta [de mercado]; F= valeur marchande; cours}.
fair-use {E} * The limited privilege of persons other than a
copyright holder to use the copyrighted material in a

easonable manner without consent of the owner of the
copyright.(10.) {D= ?; Es= desgaste natural; F= usage
grâcieux; usage non commercial}.
faisceau {F} * see beam {E}.
faisceau analyseur {F} * see scanning beam {E}.
Faksimile {D} * see facsimile {E}.
Fälschung {D} * see forgery {E}.
falsificación {Es} * see counterfeit {E}.
falsificado {Es} * see counterfeit {E}.
falta de luz {Es} * see mislights {E}.
Faltenwerfen {D} * see cockle/cockling {E}.
Farb-Dup-Negativ {D} * see internegative {E}.
Farbabbildung {D} * see coloured illustration {E}.
Farbadition {D} * see additive colour {E}.
Farbauszug-Negativ {D} * see separation negative {E}.
Farbe {D} * see colour {E}.
Farbempfindlichkeit {D} * see colour temperature {E}.
Farbkorrektur {D} * see colour correction {E}.
Farblavendel {D} * see intermediate film {E}.
Farbstoff {D} * see dye {E}.
Farbtemperatur {D} * see colour temperature {E}.
Farnsworth image dissector {E} * An early electronic image
pickup device which replaced the mechanical Nipkow disk.
{D= ?; Es= disector de imagen Farnsworth; F= analyseur
d'images Farnsworth}.
fast {E} * Used to describe film having great enough
sensitivity to light that it can form usable images at low or
very low light levels; can also apply to processing and
optical components see also speed.09. {D= ?; Es= rápido;
F= rapide; sensible}.
fast forward {E} * Provision in a tape recorder or film
projector to run film/tape rapidly forward through the
machine for quick selection of desired portion; see also
fast wind.50. {D= schneller Vorlauf; Es= avance rápido; F=
avance rapide; accéléré}.
fast motion (accelerated motion) {E} * A technique in
motion picture film production in which the film is photographed
at less than the standard film speed so that when
it is projected at the standard speed things appear to move
much faster. On silent films this is, also, known as having
'undercranked' the camera. Compare with stop motion and
slow motion; see also speed.30. {D= ?; Es= movimiento
rápido; F= accélération du mouvement}.
fast wind {E} * The winding of tape or strip film at high
speed, usually to remove a partially-played item from a
playback machine or projector in faster time than simply
letting it play out at a constant playback speed. This
creates a tension in the film/tape which may cause
deformation (i.e., stretching) that could be permanent if
stored in this condition.(04.) {D= schneller Wickel; Es=
bobinado rápido; F= bobinage rapide}.
father {E} * In disc manufacturing, a recording mould
formed by nickel plating a master disc. The resulting metal
part can be used for pressing copies (i.e., it becomes the
stamper) or as the basis for production of one or more
98
mothers to produce multiple stampers for larger quantity
production. {D= Vater; Es= padre; disco patrón; F= père}.
faux {F} * see forgery {E}.
faux raccord {F} * see jump cut {E}.
feature {E} * 1) A commercially released motion picture or
four or more 35-mm reels in length (i.e., 1,200 m, 4,000 ft.)
or the equivalent in time, ca. 40 minutes; see also
short.(12.) 2) A news story in which immediacy is not
important and human interest is stressed.10. {D=
abendfüllender Film; Es= 1) largometraje (en un pase, la
película principal); 2) crónica especial; película base; film
espectacular; F= film de long métrage; film de fiction;
grand film du programme; film de fond de programme;
grand film}.
fecha de emisión {Es} * see broadcast date {E}.
fecha de producción {Es} * see production date {E}.
fecha de publicación original {Es} * see original release
date {E}.
fecha original de difusión {Es} * see original broadcast
date {E}.
Federación Internacional de las Asociaciones de
Bibliotecas y Bibliotecarios {Es} * see International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)
{E}.
Federal Communication Commission (U.S.A.)(FCC) {E} *
The commission that regulates the practices and
procedures of the communications industries in the U.S.
{D= ?; Es= Comisión Federal de Comunicaciones (EEUU);
F= commission fédérale de communication}.
feed nut {E} * A partial set-screw (a half-nut) that engaged
the feed screw on a cylinder machine and attached by arm
or crank arrangement to the reproducer carrier-arm or to
the mandrel carriage on a traversing mandrel
machine.(14.) {D= ?; Es= tuerca de avance; F= écrou de
fixation}.
feed reel {E} * The reel on a tape recorder or film projector
which supplies the tape or film.50. {D= Abwickelspule; Es=
carrete con la cinta colocada; F= bobine débitrice}.
feed screw {E} * A threaded shaft of special cut on a
cylinder machine which, when engaged with the carrierarm,
caused the reproducer or recorder to follow or cut the
threads or grooves on the cylinder; also called a lead
screw.(14.) {D= ?; Es= barra roscada; F= vis-mère}.
feed through {E} * The accidental or unintentional transfer
of a signal from one track to another on a multi-track tape;
see also cross talk.16. {D= ?; Es= paso; conexión
interfacial; F= diaphonie?}.
feedback {E} * 1) The acoustic howling, oscillation, or
regeneration of sound caused by an audio system's
microphonic pickup of the sound output from its own
speaker/s; also known as acoustic feedback. 2) Negative
electrical response in amplifier design used to improve
stability and reduce distortion.(16) {D= Rückkopplung; Es=
retroalimentación; realimentación; F= rétroaction; contre
réaction}.
feet per minute (FPM) {E} * A manner of expressing the
spee
Fehlerkennung und Korrektur {D} * see error detection and
correction {E}.
Fehlerkennung und Korrekturcode {D} * see error detection
and correction code (EDCC) {E}.

Fehlerkorrektur {D} * see error correction {E}.
Fehlerkorrekturcode {D} * see error detection and
correction code (EDCC) {E}.
Fehlerrate {D} * see error ratio {E}.
Fehlerschutz {D} * see error protection {E}.
Fehlerverdeckung {D} * see concealment; error
concealment {E}.
Feinschnitt {D} * see fine cut {E}.
Feld {D} * see field {E}.
Feldaufnahme {D} * see field recording {E}.
fenêtrage {F} * see clipping {E}.
fenêtre de projection {F} * see gate {E}.
fenêtre de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Window
(TCW) {E}.
fenêtre standard (1,37 ou 1,33) {F} * see Academy
aperture {E}.
fenómeno de halo {Es} * see halation {E}.
Fenster {D} * see framing {E}.
Fensterkarte {D} * see aperture card {E}.
fermeture en fondu {F} * see fade {E}.
Fernsehen {D} * see television {E}.
ferric oxide {E} * A form of iron oxide (rust); also known as
magnetite. The magnetic particles in most open reel
recording tapes are composed of finely ground and graded
ferric oxide.04. {D= Eisenoxid; Es= óxido férrico; F= oxide
ferrique}.
ferrotipo {Es} * see ferrotype; tintype {E}.
ferrotypage {F} * see ferrotyping {E}.
ferrotype {E;F} * 1) A positive photograph made by a
collodion process on a thin metal plate having a darkened
surface; also know as tintype. 2) The process of making
such a photograph. 3) Glazing, or the appearance of shiny
patches, on the gelatin surface of photographs, brought
about by contact with a smooth surface, particularly plastic
enclosures or glass, under conditions of high relative
humidity. If photographs are stored in plastic enclosures
under pressure (i.e. in a stack), ferrotyping can occur at
moderate levels of relative humidity; see also glossy
print.(37.) {D= ?; Es= ferrotipo; F= ferrotype (un),
ferrotypie (la)}.
ferrotypie {F} * see ferrotype {E;F}
feuille {F} * see sheet {E}.
feuille de données {F} * see data sheet {E}.
feuille de protection pour cellulo {F} * see slip sheet {E}.
feuille intercalaire {F} * see slip sheet {E}.
feuilles d'un décor {F} * see flat {E}.
feuillet J {F} * see j card {E}.
feuilleton télévisé {F} * see series {E}.
FIAF {E;F} * acronym for Fédération Internationale des
99
Archives du Film.
FIAT {E;F} * acronym for Fédération Internationale des
Archives de Télévision.
fibra óptica {Es} * see fibre optics {E}.
fibre optics {E} * The technology of using glass fibers to
convey light and modulated information.39. {D= Glasfaser;
Es= fibra óptica; F= fibre optique}.
fiche signalétique {F} * see data sheet {E}.
fichero de ordenador {Es} * see computer file {E}.
fichier d'autorité {F} * see authority file {E}.
fichier descripteur {F} * see file descriptor record {E}.
fichier informatique {F} * see computer file {E}.
fidelidad (medida) {Es} * see fidelity {E}.
fidélité {F} * see fidelity {E}.
fidelity {E} * A measure of the degree of exactness with
which data is duplicated or reproduced. {D=
Wiedergabetreue; Es= fidelidad (medida); F= fidélité;
exactitude}.
field {E} * 1) An area under the influence of an
electromagnetic or electrostatic charge.10. 2) In NTSC
television, a field can be referred to as an odd field or an
even field. Each field is made up of 262.5 horizontal lines.
There are two fields per frame, and 60 fields per
second.(10.35.) 3) An area within a computer record
designed to hold a specific amount or type of information.
4) The framed area of a camera shot; the portion of the
scene in front of the camera represented within the limits
of the camera aperture at the focal plane area of field thus
varies with focal length of lens and camera-to-subject
distance. In television, one complete sequence of raster
lines forming an image.09. 5) In animation film the area
that will be photo-graphed by the camera for a given shot
and, therefore, the area in which the animator draws.(10.)
6) A unit of data within a bibliographic record.40. {D= 1)
Feld; 2) Halbbild; Es= 1) campo electrónico; 2) campo de
televisión; 3) zona de ordenador para datos; 4) cuadro de
cámara; 5) zona de toma; 6) unidad de datos; F= champs
electromagnetique; trame; zone; champ (doc)}.
field per scan {E} * A classification in videotape recording
that is based upon each head recording/playing one TV
field per scan of the head; see also alpha {E}.{D= ?; Es=
número de campos por exploración; F= balayage de
trame; balayage vertical}.
field recording {E} * A recording made under abnormal
conditions away from a recording studio. Includes such as
with a portable recording instrument in homes, outdoors,
in dance halls, churches, back rooms, etc.(04.) {D=
Feldaufnahme; Außenaufnahme; Es= grabación de
campo; grabación bajo condiciones infrecuentes
[anormales] ?; F= enregistrement en extérieur}
fijación de inicio (edición de vídeos) {Es} * see set-in {E}.
fijado {Es} * see fix {E}.
fijador {Es} * see fixer {E;F}.
fijar {Es} * see fix; sharpness {E}.
fil magnétique {F} * see magnetic wire {E}.
fila de botones {Es} * see bus {E}.
fila de estanterías {Es} * see row {E}.

filage {Es} * see ghost-image; blur {E}.
file {E} * 1) The organizing of materials (folders, volumes,
reels, etc.) into an organized unit. 2) A series of such files.
3) In machine-readable data, two or more records of
identical layout treated as a unit. The unit is larger than a
record, but smaller than a data system; also known as a
data set, file set.(22.23.) {D= 1) Aktenband; Aktenheft; 2)
Aktenserie; Aktengruppe; Ablage; 3) Datei; Es= 1)
expediente; 2) serie de expedientes; 3) fichero; F= dossier;
classer}.
file descriptor record {E} * A sector found in CD-I files
containing information on data segments, essential to
access the file.(39.) {D= ?; Es= registro descriptor de
ficheros; F= fichier descripteur}.
file section {E} * That part of an optical disc file that is
recorded in any one extent.20. {D= ?; Es= unidad de
fichero; F= unité de programme enregistrable}.
file structure volume descriptor {E} * A portion of the CD-I
disc label which describes files.39. {D= ?; Es= estructura
del volumen descriptor del fichero; F= volume descripteur
de fichier}.
Filialarchiv {D} * see branch repository {E}.
filigranas {Es} * see paper marks (2) {E}.
fill light {E} * Auxiliary illumination to lessen the contrast
range or to reduce shadows in video productions. {D= ?;
Es= iluminación auxiliar; luz de relleno; F= lumière
d'appoint}.
filler {E} * 1) An added substance used to modify the
physical properties of a resin in order to create specific
effects, or simply for economic reasons; see also
extender.(04.) 2) The material used as the base or carrier
of a laminated recording (i.e., the wood flour material of the
core of a Diamond Disc).(10.) {D= Füllmaterial; Es=
cargas; F= charge; matière de remplissage; remplisseur}.
filler light {E} * An auxiliary light, usually from the side of
the subject which can illuminate areas not illumi-nated by
the key-light.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación auxiliar; luz de
relleno; F= éclairage auxilliaire; projecteur d'appoint}.
film {D;E;F} * 1) A photographic emulsion coated on a
flexible transparent plastic base.09. 2) Any sheet or strip
of transparent plastic base coated with a light-sensitive
emulsion upon which images can be recorded; see also
diazo; polyester; vesicular film.(40.22.) {Es= película; F=
film cinématographique; pellicule;(oeuvre
cinématographique) film}.
film {F} * see also picture (pic; pix) {E}.
film à épisodes {F} * see series {E}.
film à moyen terme {F} * see medium-term film {E}.
film acétate {F} * see acetate film {E}.
film achrome {F} * see black and white film {E}.
film archives {E} * 1) Archives in the form of motionpictures
with related textual documents. 2) An institution
responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and
communication of motion-pictures and related
materials.(22.23.) {D= Filmarchiv; Es= archivos
cinematográficos, 2) filmoteca; F= archives
cinématographiques, 2) cinémathèque}.
film argentique {F} * see silver film {E}.
film au bromure {F} * see bromide film {E}.
100
film avec enroulement extérieur {F} * see b-wind picture
{E}.
film avec enroulement intérieur {F} * see a-wind picture
{E}.
film/bande de nettoyage {F} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.
film base {E} * The plastic support which carries the
lightensitive emulsion of film.(09.) {D= Trägerschicht; Es=
soporte de la película; soporte película; F= suport film;
support d'émulsion}.
film base density {E} * A measure of the degree of opacity
of a film base. The measure does not include density
produced by other layers such as the emulsion, subbing,
or protective layers added to prevent scratching.01. {D= ?;
Es= densidad del soporte de la película; F= densité
optique du support film}.
film bipack {F} * see bipack {E}.
film chain {E/US} * see Telecine {E}.
film chlorure {F} * see chloride film {E}.
film cinématographique {F} * see cinefilm; film archives;
motion pictures {E}.
film clip {E} * A short piece of film; see also clip/s.30. {D=
?; Es= extracto de película; tira de vistas fijas; F= extrait
de film}.
film d'actualités {F} * see news film {E}.
film d'archivage {F} * see archival film {E}.
film d'archives {F} * see archival film {E}.
film d'épreuve {F} * see test film {E}.
film d'essai {F} * see test film {E}.
film d'exploitation {F} * see release {E}.
film de conservation à court terme {F} * see short-term film
{E}.
film de conservation à long terme {F} * see long-term film
{E}.
film de fiction {F} * see feature {E}.
film de fiction {F} * see feature {E}.
film de laboratoire {F} * see laboratory film {E}.
film de long métrage {F} * see feature {E}.
film de première génération {F} * see first-generation film
{E}.
film déformé {F} * see buckle {E}.
film développé. {F} * see processed film {E}.
film diazo {F} * see diazo film {E}.
film éducatif {F} * see educational film/video {E}.
film éducatif/vidéo éducative {F} * see educational
film/video {E}.
film électrophotographique {F} * see electrophotographic
film {E}.
film empreinte {F} * see print film {E}.
film espectacular {Es} see feature {E}.

film étalon {F} * see test film {E}.
film faiblement inflammable {F} * see safety film {E}.
film fixe {F} * see filmstrip {E}.
film gauge {E} * The width of film, usually measured in
millimetres.30. {D= ?; Es= anchura de película; F= format
du film; format de la pellicule}.
film identification number {E} * The alphameric character
string on the label of the container of most film
manufacturers which describes the characteristics of the
unprocessed film; identified are the film type, the emulsion
batch number, the emulsion type, the number of the
master roll from which the particular piece of film was cut,
and a code describing width, perforation type and format,
winding, and type of core, spool, or magazine. On Kodak
film the film strip reference number affixed to the can of
raw stock also appears as a latent image on the film itself,
visible on the processed film between the words ‘Eastman’
and ‘safety film’ on the edge print.(09. {D= ?; Es= ?; F=
numéro d'identification du film}.
film intermédiaire {F} * see intermediate film {E}.
film irréversible {F} * see direct image film {E}.
film jacket {E} * A transparent plastic sleeve into which
individu-al frames or strips of microfilm may be inserted.
Film that has been stored in this manner is referred to as
jacketed film.01. {D= ?; Es= funda [envoltorio] de la
película; F= pochette de film}.
film négatif original {F} * see camera negative {E}.
film noir {E;F} * A French term, now in common usage, for
a film with a gritty urban setting that deals with dark or
violent passions, especially prevalent in American cinema
of the late 1940s and early 1950s.(30.) {D= ?; Es= película
negra}.
film noir et blanc {F} * see black and white film {E}.
film non flam {F} * see acetate film {E}.
film original {F} * see camera film {E}.
film ortho-chromatique {F} * see orthochromatic film {E}.
film perforation {E} * Symmetrical, precision holes punched
at regular intervals along the length of film to accept the
pins, pegs or sprockets of the drive system as the film is
transported through the camera, projector, or other
equipment.(09.) {D= Perforation; Es= perforaciónes en la
película; perforación; perforaciones; F= perforation;
alésage de débiteur}.
film positif d'archive {F} * see archival positive {E}.
film pour le grand public {F} * see exploitation film {E}.
film réversible {F} * see image reversing film {E}.
film réversible internégatif couleur {F} * see colour reversal
intermediate-negative film (CRI) {E}.
film sans dircisseur {F} * see forehardened film {E}.
film size {E} * see film gauge.
film speed {E} * 1) A measure of the film sensitivity to light
as expressed in terms of the ASA exposure index, the
higher the ASA number the more sensitive the film is to
light. 2) The rate at which motion picture film passes
through a camera or a projector as expressed in frames
per second (FPS). The standard speed for sound film is 24
frames per second (FPS); the standard speed for silent
film varied from 16 to 18 FPS; see also speed. {D= ?; Es=
101
velocidad de película; F= 1) sensibilité du film 2) vitesse du
film; cadence de projection}.
film strip reference number {E} * One of several means
which Kodak provides to identify the source of the raw film,
this being a sticker affixed to most cans holding 400 or
more feet of film stock which gives the location of a
particular strip of film cut from the master roll. Numbers 1
to 38 are used for 35-mm film; 1 to 83 for 16-mm film; see
also film identification.09. {D= ?; Es= número de referencia
de tira de película; F= numéro de référence du film}.
film vesiculaire {F} * see vesicular film {E}.
film vierge {F} * see filmstock {E}.
film vierge {F} * see filmstock; raw stock {E}.
film vierge avec enroulement extérieur {F} * see b-wind raw
stock {E}.
film vierge avec enroulement intérieur {F} * see a-wind raw
stock {E}.
Film {D} * see motion pictures {E}.
Film {D} * see picture (pic/pix) {E}.
Film Conditioning Apparatus (FICA) {D;E;Es;F} * A
process, developed by the Swedish Film Archive and
marketed by FilmTechnik, Stockholm, which conditions
motion picture film for archival storage by staging to the
ideal relative humidity, winding it to specific torque, and
vacuum sealing it into poly-foil bags.
Film-Architekt {D} * see art director {E}.
film-to-tape transfer {E} * The process of copying images
originally on film to videotape.(06.) {D= Überspielung Film
auf Magnetband; Es= replicado cine-video; F= transfert de
film sur bande video; télécinéma; kinescope
Filmabtaster {D} * see telecine {E;Es}.
filmación aleatoria {Es} * see aleatory filming {E}.
filmadora de Televisión {Es} * see TCR {E}.
Filmarchiv {D} * see film archives {E}.
Filmarchivgut {D} * see audiovisual archives/records data
{E}.
Filmaufzeichnungsgerät {D} * see telerecorder {E;F}.
Filmaufzeichung (FAZ) {D} * see kinescope film {E;F}.
Filmband {D} * see track {E}.
Filmdokumentation {D} * see audiovisual archives/records
data {E}.
filme (material virgen) de enrollado tipo b {Es} * see b-wind
raw stock {E}.
filme {Es} * see motion pictures; picture (pic/pix) {E}.
filme cinematográfico {Es} * see cinefilm {E}.
filme de enrollado tipo a {Es} * see a-wind picture {E}.
filme de enrollado tipo b {Es} * see b-wind picture {E}.
filme o cinta de limpieza {Es} * see cleaning film/tape {E}.
filme virgen de enrollado tipo a {Es} * see a-wind raw stock
{E}.

Filmemacher {D} * see cineaste {E}.
filmic space {E} * A phrase not widely used which refers to
the power of the film medium which makes possible the
combination of shots of widely separated original locations
into a single framework of space.30. {D= ?; Es= espacio
fílmico; F= espace filmique}.
filmina {Es} * see filmstrip {E}.
Filmkern {D} * see core {E}.
Filmkopie mit Lichttonspur {D} * see composite {E}.
Filmkunde {D} * see filmology; cinemagraphic {E}.
Filmlochkarte {D} * see aperture card {E}.
filmografía {Es} * see filmography {E}.
filmographie {F} * see filmography {E}.
filmography {E} * A bibliography of motion pictures. {D=
Filmographie; Es= filmografía; F= filmographie}.
filmología {Es} * see filmology {E}.
filmologie {F} * see filmology {E}.
Filmologie {D} * see filmology {E}.
filmology {E} * A general term for the study and analysis of
film -- usually by psychologists, aestheticians, sociologists,
and the like -- which suggests a quasi-scientific
attitude.30. {D= Filmkunde; Filmologie; Es= filmología; F=
filmologie}.
filmoteca {Es} * see film archives {E}.
Filmrolle {D} * see reel {E}.
films d'art et d'essais {F} * see underground films {E}.
Filmschlaufe {D} * see loop {E}.
Filmschleife {D} * see buckle; loop {E}.
filmstock {E} * 1) The raw material of film. 2) General term
for motion picture film, particularly before
exposure.(09.12.) {D= ?; Es= existencias de una película;
F= film vierge; pellicule vierge}.
Filmstreifen {D} * see filmstrip; unitized film {E}.
filmstrip {E} * A length of film containing a succession of
images intended for projection one at a time, with or
without recorded sound.(03.22.23.) {D= Bildband;
Lichtbildreihe; Filmstreifen; Es= película fija; filmina; tira;
F= film fixe; bande de film; série de diapositives}.
filo recto {Es} * see straight edge {E}.
filter {D;E} * 1) A device or circuitry which removes and/or
attenuates specific frequencies (sound, light, etc.) during
recording and/or playback. 2) In film production, a piece of
glass or other transparent material used over the lens to
emphasize, eliminate, or change the colour or density of
the entire scene or certain elements in the scene.(09.30.)
3) An electronic circuit designed to modify certain
frequencies.39. {Es= filtro; F= filtre}.
filtrage hautes fréquences {F} * see high frequency roll-off
{E}.
filtre {F} * see filter {D;E}.
filtre anti-images {F} * see antiimaging filter {E}.
102
filtre anticrénelage {F} * see antialiasing filter {E}.
filtre antirepliement {F} * see antialiasing filter {E}.
filtre catadioptrique {F} * see catadioptric lens {E}.
filtre de densité neutre {F} * see neutral density filters {E}.
filtre de Tchebychev {F} * see Chebyshev filter {E}.
filtre dichroïque {F} * see Dichroic mirror; Dichroic filter {E}.
filtre en peigne {F} * see comb filter {E}.
filtre numérique {F} * see digital filter {E}.
filtre passe bas {F} * see low-pass filter {E}.
filtre passe-bande {F} * see band-pass filter {D;E}.
filtre passe-haut {F} * see high-pass filter {E}.
filtre polarisant {F} * see polarizing filter {E}.
filtre sélectif {F} * see notch-filter {E}.
filtre traversal {F} * see transverse filter {E}.
filtre UV {F} * see UV filter {E}.
filtres anti-brouillard {F} * see haze filters {E}.
filtres de correction (chromatique) {F} * see correction
filters {E}.
filtres UV {F} * see haze filters {E}.
filtro {Es} * see filter {D;E}.
filtro antiimagen {Es} * see antiimaging filter {E}.
filtro atenuante {Es} * see antialiasing filter {D;E}.
filtro Chebyshev {Es} * see Chebyshev filter {E}.
filtro de característica en peine {Es} * see comb filter {E}.
filtro de gris neutro {Es} * see neutral density filters {E}.
filtro de muesca {Es} * see notch-filter {E}.
filtro de onda {Es} * see comb filter {E}.
filtro de paso alto {Es} * see high-pass filter {E}.
filtro de paso bajo {Es} * see low-pass filter {E}.
filtro de paso de banda {Es} * see band-pass filter {D;E}.
filtro dicroíco {Es} * see Dichroic filter {E}.
filtro digital {Es} * see digital filter {E}.
filtro gris {Es} * see neutral density filters {E}.
filtro neutro {Es} * see neutral density
filtro pasaalto {Es} * see high-pass filter {E}.
filtro pasabajos {Es} * see low-pass filter {E}.
filtro polarizador {Es} * see polarizing filter {E}.
filtro reductor {Es} * see antialiasing filter {D;E}.
filtro transversal {Es} * see transverse filter {E}.
filtro ultravioleta {Es} * see UV filter {E}.

filtros antineblinas {Es} * see haze filters {E}.
filtros correctores {Es} * see correction filters {E}.
filtros de corrección {Es} * see correction filters {E}.
final cut {E} * see fine cut.
Findbehelf {D} * see finding aid {E}.
Findbuch {D} * see finding aid {E}.
finding aid {E} * A document, published or unpublished,
listing or describing a body of record/archives thereby
establishing adminis-trative and intellectual control over
them by a records centre/archive, thus making them more
accessible and comprehensible to the user. Basic finding
aids include calendars, catalogues, guides, indexes,
inventories, lists, location reviews/registers, and, for
machine readable records/archives, software
documentation; also called 'means of reference'.(22.23.)
{D= Findbehelf; Findbuch; Es= instrumento de trabajo;
instrumento de consulta; F= instrument de recherche}.
fine cut {E} * In moving-image productions, the final cut;
see also montage; rough cut.30. {D= Schnittkopie;
Feinschnitt; Es= copia positiva definitiva; F= montage fin;
positif modèle}.
fire door {E} * A door made of heat and fire resistant
material designed in such a way as to automatically close
an opening when the temperature reaches a
predetermined level. While desirable in all archival
settings, fire doors are required in most codes for nitrate
film vaults. {D= Brandschutztüre; Es= puerta contra
incendios; F= porte coupe-feu; porte à revêtement
ignifuge}.
first reproduction microfilm {E} * The first copy of a
document made from a preservation master negative, thus
a second generation copy. Synonymous with second
generation microfilm. {D= ?; Es= microfilm de segunda
generación; F= microfilm de première génération}.
first-generation film {E} * Synonymous with camera film,
master film, preservation master negative, and original
film; see also preservation master negative. {D= ?; Es=
película de primera generación; F= film de première
génération}.
first-generation image {E} * The print or first reproduction
of an object or document, thus a second-generation copy
of a first-gener-ation (i.e., an original) item. {D= ?; Es=
imagen de primera generación; F= image de première
génération}.
first-generation microfilm {E} * Synonymous with camera
film, master film, preservation master negative, and
original film; see also preservation master negative. {D= ?;
Es= microfilm de primera generación; F= ?}.
first-generation videotape {E} * A magnetic tape based
moving-image medium synonymous with first-generation
film. {D= ?; Es= cinta de vídeo de primera generación; F=
bande vidéo de première génération; original}.
Fischaugenobjektiv {D} * see fish-eye lens {E}.
fish-eye lens {E} * An extremely wide-angle lens which has
an angle-of-view approaching 180 degrees. It greatly
distorts the image.30. {D= Fischaugenobjektiv; Es=
objetivo de ojo de pez; F= objectif très grand angulaire;
ultra-grand angulaire}.
fix {E} * 1) To establish a sound or picture level. 2) To
harden a photographic film or print; also known as
fixing.(10.) {D= fixieren; Fixierung; Es= fijar; fijado; F= fixer;
étalonner la lumière; fixage}.
103
fixation de diaphragme {F} * see cross-head {E}.
fixer {E;F} * Also called hypo; material used in film
processing to cause photographic materials to lose their
sensitivity to light by dissolving the silver halide. The image
will continue to darken if not properly fixed.43. A commonly
used fixer is sodium thiosulphate.07. {D= ?; Es= fijador}.
fixer {F} * see fix {E}.
fixieren {D} * see fix {E}.
Fixierung {D} * see fix {E}.
fixing {E} * see fix.
fixité {F} * see stability {E}.
flag {E} * 1) To mark a place for a particular purpose. 2)
The object used for this purpose. 3) One or more bits used
to store and indicate status of a circuit or system.39. 4) In
video production, a flag is a small rectangular gobo which
is a shutter or frame mounted fabric used to block light or
eliminate a reflection in a Television production. {D=
Flagge; Marke; Es= visera de cámara; bandera; marca; F=
marque; drapeau; écran pare-lumière}.
flag-waving {E} * see flagging.
flagging {E} * 1) The fluttering or pulling to one side of the
top of video picture when a stretched tape is played;
sometime adjusting the horizontal control on the tv can
reduce flagging. This abnormality can also result from
missing timing pulses during the vertical blanking period;
see also flagging.(35.) 2) Marking the place on the shelf
from which an object was taken to facilitate
reshelving.(04.); also known as flag-waving. {D= ?; Es=
aleteo; ondear una bandera; F= distorsion en drapeau (de
l'image)}.
flaking {E} * The shedding of pieces of material from
laminated objects, e.g. oxide from magnetic tape, coating
from acetate discs; essentially the same as peeling, but
more localized in effect.(04.10.) {D= ?; Es= separación en
escamas; F= débrits; écailles}.
flange {E} * A fixed or removable circular disc which is
either connected to or part of the hub to make a reel; its
purpose is to protect the tape or film wound onto the hub
and to guide the film or magnetic tape onto the hub; see
also reel.(06.) {D= Flansch; Bandführung; Es= solapa;
reborde; ala; F= flasque; joue; plateau; bobine
démontable; flasque}.
Flansch {D} * see flange; reel flange {E}.
flash card {E} * A card or other opaque material printed
with words, numerals, or pictures and designed for rapid
display.03. {D= ?; Es= apuntador (objeto); F= ?}.
flash frame {E} * A sing-image production inserted into a
shot to provide an instant of a different image.(12.) {D= ?;
Es= fotograma flash; F= image blanche; imùage de
départ}.
flash title {E} * In motion-picture productions, a temporary
form of titles for cutting, usually two to three frames in
length, used primarily to mark the place/s where title
belong.(12.) {D= ?; Es= fotogramas de fijación del título
(provisionales); F= titre provisoire de montage}.
flasque {F} * see flange {E}.
flasque de bobine {F} * see reel flange {E}.
flat {E} * In studio and theatrical productions, a moveable
structure that may be painted or covered in fabric to
provide a visual background or separation in the scene.

{D= ?; Es= plano; liso; F= plat; paroi; chassis plat;
"feuilles" d'un décor}.
flat bed camera {E} * see planetary camera.
flat filing {E} * see horizontal filing.
flat finish {E} * A smooth photographic image surface free
from glare.(07.) {D= ?; Es= acabado plano; acabado mate;
F= visualisation du signal vidéo composite}.
flat image {E} * An image which does not swell when spottested
with water and which does not show a relief
between its shadows and highlights; the opposite of a relief
image; see also water spot-test. {D= ?; Es= imagen plana;
F= image; plate; sans relief}.
flat lighting {E} * Low contrast lighting; see also gamma;
post-lashing.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación de bajo contraste;
F= éclairage plat; lumière sans relief}.
flat response {E} * A related but more definitive term than
frequency response; implies a degree of excellence, but in
order to be meaningful must be further defined in terms of
dB variation from absolute flatness over a specified
frequency range (e.g. -3 dB from 50 to 14,000 Hz); an
indication of a sound system's ability to reproduce all
audible frequencies supplied to it, maintaining the original
balance between low, middle, and high
frequencies.(50.16.) {D= ?; Es= respuesta plana; F=
response plate; uniforme; linéaire}.
flat-filing {E} * The placing of materials, whether bound or
in containers, in a position parallel to the shelf; also know
as horizontal filing.(23.) {D= liegende Aufbewahrung;
Ablage; Es= instalación horizontal; F= stockage à plat;
conservation à plat}.
flats {E} * Two pieces of matched optical glass for holding
film flat during projection or viewing, as in a microfilm
reader.40. {D= ?; Es= lentes planas; F= pince pour le film}.
flau {D} * see blur {E}.
flick pan {E} * see swish pan.
flicker {E} * The results when the video frame repetition
rate is not high enough to cause the observing eye to
perceive a continuous image. {D= ?; Es= parpadeo; F=
papillottement; scintillement; battement}.
flickering {E} * A cyclical fluctuation in the intensity of the
light thrown on the screen in film projection caused by the
passage of the shutter across the light beam or by a
projection rate of fewer frames per second than
persistence of vision can fuse into a continuous
image.(30.) {D= Flimmern; Es= centelleo; parpadeo; F=
scintillement; papillottement}.
Fliehkraftregler {D} * see flywheel {E}.
Flimmern {D} * see flickering {E}.
flip cards {E} * A set of title cards or other graphics
mounted in sequence so that they may be changed by a
quick hand motion; also called flop.(54) {D= ?; Es=
cartulinas para mover de un tirón; F= cartons volants
(titres)}.
float {E} * An art work secured on a mat in such a way that
all the edges of the item can be seen through the window
opening.(07.) {D= ?; Es= flotador; F= rampe; chassis
mobile}.
floatation {E} * A means of coating photographic paper with
either a sensitizing or emulsion coating liquid by floating
the piece of paper on the surface of the liquid.05. {D= ?;
104
Es= flotación; F= ?}.
floating point {E} * An encoding technique in which a
mantissa (i.e., decimal part of a logartihm) represents
amplitude, and an exponenet provides a scaling
factor.(39.) {D= ?; Es= punto de flotación; F= à virgule
flottante}.
floating reporducer {E} * The simplet type of reproducer,
consisting of a circular body of metal (aluminium, brass,
nickel plate steel or alloy have all been used) or plastic
(frequently vulcanite) and suspended either by a rigid
output tube from the end of the horn or from a socket on a
carrier-arm propelled by a feed screw. see also semiflating
reproducer.(14) ?; Es= reproductor flotante; F=
lecteur à système flottant}.
floor load {E} * The maximum weight that a given structure
can bear without danger of collapsing. Because of the
generally unexpected greater weight of many of the
materials special concern and consideration must be made
of floor load capacity in audiovisual archives. {D= ?; Es=
carga máxima que puede soportar un suelo; F= charge au
sol}.
flop {E} * see flip card.
floppy {E} * see floppy disk.
floppy disk {E} * A flat, thin, flexible, circular, magnetically
coated plastic object used to record data, usually on
computers; also called a floppy and a diskette.(10.) {D= ?;
Es= disco flexible; F= disquette}.
florecimiento (de hongos) del nitrato {Es} * see nitrate
bloom {E}.
florecimiento fúngico {Es} * see bloom (4) {E}.
flotación {Es} * see floatation {E}.
flotador {Es} * see float {E}.
flottement {F} * see creep {E}.
flou {Es} * see blur; soft focus {E}.
flou artistique {F} * see soft focus {E}.
fluctuation de vitesse {F} * see wow and flutter {E}.
fluctuations de vitesse {F} * see flutter {E}.
fluctuations temporelles {F} * see jitter {D;E}.
flujo (luminoso) {Es} * see flux {E}.
flujo energético {Es} * see radiant flux {E}.
flujo intrínseco {Es} * see intrinsic flux {E}.
flujo luminoso {Es} * see luminous flux {E}.
fluting {E} * The effect of swelling of the outside edges of
film or tape; see also edge.(09.) {D= ?; Es= rizado;
acanaladura; F= cannelures; tuilage}.
flutter {E} * Very short rapid variations in disc, strip film, or
tape speed causing pitch and/or amplitude variations.
Usually the result of defects in equipment or friction
between the carrier and heads or guides; a form of
distortion.(04.16.) {D= hochfrequente
Gleichlaufschwankungen; Es= vibración; ondulación;
trémolo; F= fluctuations de vitesse; pleurage;
scintillement}.
flux {E} * Lines of magnetic force; see also maximum
intrinsic flux. {D= magnetischer Fluß; Es= flujo (luminoso);

F= flux magnétique}.
flux lumineux {F} * see luminous flux {F}.
flux magnéflux radiant {F} * see radiant flux {E}.
flying erase head {E} * In a videotape deck, an erase head
is mounted on the spinning head drum assembly a few
degrees ahead of the record head. During electronic
editing, this head turns erase current on/off precisely as
determined to record new video information. {D= ?; Es=
cabeza borradora volante; F= tête d'effacement (vid)}.
flying spot scanner {E} * An image pickup device which
produces a raster on a kinescope and focus it on a frame
of film. {D= ?; Es= explorador de punto móvil; F= analyseur
à spot mobile; (analyseur à balayage)}.
flywheel {E} * A device on a spring driven motor to control
the speed variation.(14.) {D= Fliehkraftregler; Es= volante;
F= régulateur à boules; volant}.
FM {E} * acronym for frequency modulation.50.
FM stereo {D;E;Es;F} * also known as multiplexing; a form
of FM broadcast-ing in which two channels of audio signals
are transmitted on the same carrier, offering a signal
similar to the stereo available from stereo records and
tapes.50.
focal length {E} * 1) The actual length of a lens measured
in millimetres of the distance from the centre of the lens to
the film plane. Long lenses are telephoto lenses, short
lenses are wide--ngle lenses.30. 2) The distance from the
optical centre of a lens to the point at which parallel rays of
light passing through it con-verge (the focal point).09. {D=
?; Es= distancia focal; F= distance focale}.
focal plane {E} * The area in space on which parallel rays
of light refracted through a lens focus to form sharp
images.09. {D= Brennenbene; Es= plano focal; F= plan
focal}.
focale {F} * see focus {E}.
focus {E} * 1) The point where parallel rays of light
refracted by a given lens appear to meet. 2) The degree of
clarity of an image refracted through a lens onto a screen
or a film emulsion.09. {D= scharf einstellen; Es= enfocar;
F= 1) point de focalisation; 2) focale; mettre au point}.
focus plane {E} * The plane in the scene being
photographed upon which the lens is focused; measured
as a distance from the camera; see also depth of field.30.
{D= ?; Es= plano de enfoque; F= ?}.
focus pull {E} * To refocus during a shot; to change the
focus plane; see also rack focus, follow focus.30. {D= ?;
Es= tiro focal; F= ajustement de la distance focale}.
fog {E} * 1) Non-image photographic density. 2) A defect
in film that can be caused by the action of stray light during
exposure, improperly compounded processing solutions,
or poorly stored or outdated photographic materials.(40.)
{D= Schleier; Belichtungsschleier; Es= velo; F= voile; effet
de brouillard}.
fogging {E} * Darkening or discolouring of a photographic
negative or print or lightening or discolouring of a
photographic reversal material caused by l) expo-sure to
non image-forming light to which the photographic material
is sensitive, 2) overdevelopment, 3) outdated film, or 4)
storage of in a hot, humid place.(09.) {D= ?; Es= velado;
F= voile}.
folder {E} * 1) A folded sheet of cardboard or heavy paper
serving as a cover for a number of documents. 2) A type
of file.(23.) {D= Aktendeckel; Deckel; 2) Aktenband;
105
Aktenheft; Es= 1) camisa; carpetilla; 2) carpetilla; F=
chemise; dépliant}.
folding endurance {E} * The number of folds under
specified conditions in a standard instrument which
material will withstand before failure. The specimen is
subjected repeatedly to double folds through a wide angle
while under tension. Folding endurance is a very important
indication of the durability of archival papers. A decline in
folding endurance is the most sensitive indicator of ageing
and deterioration of paper.(08.45.) {D= ?; Es= resistencia
al pegado; F= résistance au pliage}.
folding strength {E} * see folding endurance.
foldover {E} * see aliasing.
folleto {Es} * see booklet {E}.
follow focus {E} * To pull or continually realign the focusimage
productions, usually a tracking shot, sometimes a
zoom, which follows the subject as it moves.30. {D= ?; Es=
toma continua; F= ?}.
fonction de clignotement {F} * see blink {E}.
fonction de gestion des listes de montage {F} * see trace
{E}.
fond bleu {F} * see blue screen process; blue backing {E}.
fondo {Es} * see archive group {E}.
fondo azul {Es} * see blue backing {E}.
fondo cerrado {Es} * see closed record group {E}.
fondos transferidos {Es} * see transfer (4) {E}.
fonds clos {F} * see closed record group {E}.
fonds d'archives {F} * see archive group {E}.
fondu {F} * see fade {E}.
fondu {F} * see fade; mix {E}.
fondu enchaîné {F} * see dissolve {E}.
fondudo de cierre {Es} * see fade {E}.
fongicide {F} * see fungicide {E}.
fonógrafo {Es} * see phonograph {E}.
font {E} * In video production, an electronically created
graphic character. {D= ?; Es= fuente; F= police
(caractères)}.
foot switch {E} * A foot activated pedal for stopping and
starting a piece of equipment without the use of hands;
frequently used in dictation machines to allow the person
taking the dictation to proceed at a rate where all
information can be more accurately transcribed.(50.) {D=
?; Es= conmutador de pedal; F= pédale; commande à
pied}.
footage counter {E} * A numeric indicator which shows the
exact number of feet of a material (i.e., film or tape) that
have passed by the counter. {D= ?; Es= contador de la
longitud en oies; F= ?}.
footcandle (FC) {E} * Term used in measuring light. One
‘footcandle’ equals the illumination produced when the
light from a point source of one candle falls on a source
one foot away from the candle; one lumen per square
foot.(25.44.) Full sunlight with the sun in the zenith is of the
order of 10,000 footcandles on a horizontal surface; see

also candela; lumen.01. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= candela-pied
(candéla-mètre cdm)}.
footprint {E} * In satellite technology, the area in which the
satellite downlink is satisfactory for reception. {D= ?; Es=
pisada; F= aire de réception satellite}.
force coercitive {F} * see coercivity {E}.
force d'appui {F} * see stylus force {E}.
force de champ magnétisant {F} * see magnetizing field
strength {E}.
force de traction {F} * see tensile strength {E}.
forced processing {E} * Increasing the development time
or the processing temperatures of a film to improve the
density of underdeveloped film; also known as forced
development; push processing.(09.) {D= ?; Es=
procedimiento forzado; F= développement poussé}.
forces de Van der Waals {F} * see Van der Waals' forces
{E}.
forehardened film {E} * Any of the films designed to skip
the prehardener solution in the devel-opment process.09.
{D= ?; Es= endurecimiento preliminar de la película; F=
film sans "dircisseur"}.
forgery {E} * A document falsified wholly or in part in
content or form with the intention to deceive through its
acceptance as an original.(23.) {D= Fälschung; Es=
documento falso; F= faux}.
forma de lectura {Es} * see clipping (1) {E}.
forma de onda {Es} * see wave form {E}.
forma de reproducción {Es} * see clipping (1) {E}.
formación electrolítica {Es} * see electroforming {E}.
formal note {E} * see note.
format {D;E;F} * 1) In its widest sense, a particular physical
presentation of an item.03. 2) In automatic data
processing, the arrangement of data.22. 3) The general
pattern of a television programme or series. 4) The aspect
ratio of a moving--image production.(09.10.) 5) The varied
types of television systems, for example NTSC, PAL, or
SECAM. 6) Of a magnetic recording, the general
arrangement of tracks or records on the tape. 7) The
various methods and/or standards used to produce a
particular type of recorded signal. 8) The physical format
in which something appears.(10.) 9) The order in which
data is organized or recorded on a medium.39. see also
gauge. {Es= formato}.
format B {E;F} * A one-inch, analogue, segmented-field,
broadcast-quality videotape recording system and format
in which each television field is recorded on several
tracks.(06.) {D= 1-Zoll B-Format; Es= formato B}.
format C {E;F} * A one-inch, analogue, non-segmentedfield,
broadcast-quality videotape recording system and
format in which each television field is recorded on a single
track.(06.) {D= 1-Zoll C-Format; Es= formato C}.
format d'image {F} * see aspect ratio {E}.
format de la pellicule {F} * see film gauge {E}.
format de la pellicule {F} see film gauge {E}
format de transmission série {F} * see serial transmission
format {E}.
106
format du film {F} * see film gauge {E}.
format M {F} * see M-format {E}.
format MAC {F} * see MAC format {E}.
Format {D} * see gauge {E}.
formation de poudrette {F} * see dusting; oxide build-up
{E}.
formato (TV y cine) {Es} * see aspect ratio {E}.
formato {Es} * see format {D;E;F}; gauge {E}.
formato B {Es} * see format B {E;F}.
formato C {Es} * see format C {E;F}.
formato de títulos {Es} * see avant tître {E;F}.
formato de transmisión en serie {Es} * see serial
transmission format {E}.
formato de una cinta de vídeo digital {Es} * see D-1 {E}.
formato digital no comprimido {Es} * see D-5 {E}.
formato M {Es} * see M-format {E}.
formato MAC {Es} * see MAC format {E}.
forme d'une découpe {F} * see hole {E}.
Forsetzung {D} * see continuation {E;F}.
fosse d'orchestre {F} * see pit {D;E}.
foto {Es} * see shot {E}.
foto polimerización (2P) {Es} * see photo-polymerization
(2P) {E}.
Fotoarchiv/e {D} * see photographic records/archives {E}.
fotocopia {Es} * see photocopy {E}.
fotodiodo de cuatro cuadrantes {Es} * see four quadrant
photodiode {E}.
fotodiódo {Es} * see photodiode {D;E;F}.
fotoeléctrico {Es} * see photoelectric {E}.
fotografía {Es} * see photograph; print {E}.
fotografía aérea {Es} * see aerial photograph {E}.
fotografía con la luz ambiental disponible {Es} * see
available-light photography {E}.
fotografía de tiempo acelerado {Es} * see time-lapse
photography {E}.
Fotografie {D} * see photograph {E}.
fotograma {Es} * see frame; photogram {E}.
fotograma a fotograma {Es} * see single-frame exposure;
stop-motion photography {E}.
fotograma flash {Es} * see flash frame {E}.
fotograma piloto literalmente, {Es} * see model shot {E}.
fotograma rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.
fotogramas de fijación del título (provisionales) {Es} * see
flash title {E}.

fotogramas por segundo {Es} * see frames per second
(FPS) {E}.
fotogramma {Es} * see frame {E}.
Fotokopie {D} * see photocopy {E}.
fotometría {Es} * see photometry {E}.
fotómetro {Es} * see exposure meter; photometer {E}.
fotoresistente {Es} * see photoresist {E}.
fotosensible {Es} * see photosensitive {E}.
four quadrant photodiode {E} * A component found in
some optical pickups used to convert reflected LASER
light into data and focusing signals.39. {D= ?; Es=
fotodiodo de cuatro cuadrantes; F= photodiode à
quadrants}.
four-minute cylinder {E} * Those audio cylinder records
which have 200 t.p.i. and a playing time of around four
minutes at 160-RPM.(14.) {D= ?; Es= cilindro de cuatro
minutos (de duración); F= cylindre quatre minutes}.
four-track recording {E} * Also 'quarter-track'. The
arrangement by which four different channels of sound
may be recorded on adjacent tracks. These may be
recorded as four separate and distinct tracks
(monophonic) or two related (stereo) pairs of tracks. On
open reel machines, tracks 1 and 3 are recorded in the
'forward' direction and tracks 2 and 4 are recorded in the
reverse direction. On cassette machines, tracks 1 & 2 and
3 & 4 are paired for full mono/stereo compatibility in each
direction. More susceptible to drop outs than two-track
arrangements, four-track recording demands smooth, high
quality tape from reputable manufacturers.16. {D=
Viertelspur; Es= registro [grabación] en cuatro pistas; F=
enregistrement quatre pistes}.
Fourier theorem {D;E;Es;F} * A mathemati-cal theorem
stating that any periodic function may be resolved into sine
and cosine terms with known amplitudes and phases.39.
foxed {E} * see foxing.
foxing {E;Es} * Small, usually brownish spots appearing on
paper; variously attributed to action of fungi on trace metal
(iron) in paper under humid conditions. Many questions,
however, about the actual source and development of
foxing stains still remain to be answered.(07.44.) {D=
Stockflecken; Es= moteado; F= taches de rouille;
rousseur}.
FPM {E} * acronym for feet per minute.
FPS {E} * acronym for frames per second.
frágil {Es} * see brittle {E}.
fragile {F} * see brittle {E}.
fragilit {F} * see broad light; brittleness {E}.
fragilité {F} * see brittleness {E}.
fragmentation {F} * see frilling {E}.
fragmenté {F} * see segmented scan {E}.
frame {E} * 1) In relation to film, the part of a film exposed
to light in a camera during an exposure, consisting of the
image area, frame margin, and frame line. 2) The basic
unit of data representa-tion in the CD format, containing
synchronization, sub-code, data, and parity. 3) To
compose a shot.(09.) 4) An individual picture on a film,
filmstrip, or videotape. 5) A single television tube picture
107
scan combining interlaced information. 6) In videotext, a
page of data displayed on a terminal. 7) In CD-DA, one
complete pattern of digital audio information, comprising 6
PCM stereo samples, with CIRC and one subcode symbol,
eight-to-fourteen modulated, with a synchronization
pattern. 8) The mask around a television receiver or
monitor picture tube.(10.) 9) One of the 30 single video
pictures that constitute 1 second of video motion. In NTSC
television, the combination of an odd and even field of the
video signal. In each frame of video, there are 525 lines.
There are 30 frames in a second.(35.) {D= Bildfenster;
Bild; Es= fotogramma; imágen; cuadro; F= trame; vue (to
: cadrer); cadre; image}.
frame counter {E} * A digital indicator which shows the
exact number of frames exposed. {D= ?; Es= contador de
fotogramas; F= compteur de trames; compteur images}.
frame frequency rate {E} * Number of frames per second
of a motion-picture film or a television signal. {D= ?; Es=
relación [número proporcional] de frecuencia de
fotogramas; F= fréquence d'image}.
frames per second (FPS) {E} * An indicator of the number
of film images exposed per second.09. {D= Bilder je
Sekunde; Es= imágenes por segundo; fotogramas por
segundo; F= images par seconde}.
framing {E} * 1) The adjustment of a camera to improve
picture composition. 2) To align a film in a projector gate
so that the frame line does not show on the screen.10. {D=
Fenster; Bildfeld; Bildstricheinstellung;
Bildbühneneinstellung; Es= encuadre; F= cadrage;
verrouillage de trame; encadrement}.
franges {F} * see bleed {E}.
franges des zones blanches de l'image vidéo {F} * see
bleeding white {E}.
franja del blanco {Es} * see bleeding white {E}.
franjas de zumbido {Es} * see hum bars {E}.
frecuencia de desconexión {Es} * see cut-off-frequency
{E}.
frecuencia de errores {Es} * see bit error rate (BER) {E}.
frecuencia de muestreo {Es} * see sampling rate {E}.
frecuencia modulada {Es} * see frequency modulation
(FM) {E}.
frecuencia modulada modificada {Es} * see modified
frequency modulation or delay modulation (MFM) {E}.
frecuencia múltiple {Es} * see multiburst {E}.
freeze drying {E} * The treatment of water soaked paper
based documents by quick-freezing and subsequent drying
under high vacuum at gradually rising temperatures; see
also vacuum drying.22. {D= Gefriertrocknung; Es=
liofilización; F= séchage a froid; séchage a lyophilisation}.
freeze frame {E} * The holding of a video image on a single
frame.(35.) {D= ?; Es= imagen congelada; F= arrêt sur
image}.
Fremdspannungsabstand {D} * see weighted noise {E}.
Freon TF {D;E;Es;F} * A rapidly evaporating fluid used
as a cleaner and de-greaser. Any of several nonflammable
gaseous and liquid fluorocarbons used as refrigerants, as
propellants for aerosols, and -due to the rapidity of its
evaporation and its de-greasing properties- as a cleaner.
fréquence {F} * see frequency {E}.

fréquence d'échantillonnage {F} * see sampling rate {E}.
fréquence d'horloge {F} * see clock rate {E}.
fréquence d'image {F} * see frame frequency rate {E}.
fréquence de coupure {F} * see cut-off-frequency {E}.
fréquence de repliement {F} * see alias {E}.
fréquence radio {F} * see radio frequency (RF) {E}.
fréquence radio-électrique {F} * see radio frequency (RF)
{E}.
fréquences audibles {F} * see audible tones {E}.
fréquences audio {F} * see audio frequencies {E}.
frequency {E} * The repetition rate of cyclic energy such as
sound or alternating electrical current, expressed in hertz
(1 Hz = 1 cycle-per-second). 'Bass' frequencies in music
extend from 32 Hz to about 200 Hz. 'Treble' sounds are at
the high frequency extreme of the sound spectrum and
may extend from 2 or 3 kHz to the frequency limit of
audibility (about 16 kHz). 'Middle' frequencies occupy the
remainder of the spectrum, or from 200 Hz to about 3 kHz;
also known as tone.16. {D= Frequenz; Es= frecuencia; F=
fréquence}.
frequency modulation (FM) {E} * Modulation of the
frequency of a carrier by the signal. Used, for example, in
FM radio broadcasting or video tape recording. {D=
Frequenzmodulation; Es= frecuencia modulada; F=
modulation de fréquence}.
frequency range {E} * 1) A measure of the difference
between the lower and upper limits of a frequency group
other than a frequency band, such as audible frequency
range, usually given in hertz.01. {D= Frequenzumfang;
Es= gama de frecuencia; F= ?}.
frequency response {E} * A term closely related to but
more specific than frequency range; calls for output vs.
frequency data over specified frequency range, usually in
the form of a chart for transducers like microphones and
speakers. Most commonly expressed for tape recorders as
given in the example for flat response.16. {D=
Frequenzumfang; Es= respuesta en frecuencia; F=
réponse fréquentielle; réponse de fréquence}.
Frequenz {D} * see frequency {E}.
Frequenzmodulation {D} * see frequency modulation (FM)
{E}.
Frequenzumfang {D} * see frequency range; frequency
response {E}.
Frequenzumfang {D} * see tonal range {E}.
Frequenzweiche {D} * see crossover {E}.
fresnel {E;Es;F} * A special lamp lens with concentric circle
forms impressed in its front surface to focus spotlight
beams for studio lighting; also called a frezzi. {D= ?}.
frezzi (argot para decir “fresnel”) {Es} * see frezzi {E}.
frezzi {E} * see fresnel {E;Es;F}.
front {F} * see edge {E}.
front de synchronisation {F} * see leading edge of sync {E}.
front porch {E} * The period of time during horizontal
blanking that starts at the end of active video and goes to
the leading edge of the horizontal sync pulse. {D= ?; Es=
108
?; F= ?}.
Froschperspektive {D} * see tilt shot {E}.
frottement d'aiguille {F} * see needle dig (ND) {E}.
frottement de l'aiguille {F} * see stylus drag {E}.
frottement disque {F} * see stylus drag {E}.
frottement pointe {F} * see stylus drag {E}.
FT {E} * acronym for full track.
fuente {Es} * see font {E}.
fuente de alimentación {Es} * see power supply {E}.
fuente de referencia {Es} * see prescribed source {E}.
fuente luminosa {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.
fuente principal {Es} * see principal source {E}.
fuente principal de información {Es} * see chief source of
information {E}.
fuera de contacto {Es} * see out of contact {E}.
fuera de fase {Es} * see out of phase {E}.
fuera de sincronismo {Es} * see out of sync {E}.
fuerza de apoyo de la aguja )sobre la superficie de un
disco fonográfico) {Es} * see stylus force {E}.
fuerza de línea {Es} * see off-Line {E}.
fuerza del campo magnético {Es} * see magnetizing field
strength {E}.
fuerzas de Van der Waals {Es} * see Van der Waals'
forces {E}.
fugitif à la lumière {F} * see light fugitive {E}.
fugitif à la lumière {F} * see light fugitive {E}.
full track {E} * Designation of a magnetic tape recording
which uses the full width of the tape, implying monophonic
recording. The resulting recording generally retains more
magnetism, produces a higher output and better signal-tonoise
ratio, and is, thus, considered to be a much better
recording.(04.) {D= Vollspur; Es= una sola pista; F= pleine
pisté}.
full-immersion continuous printer {E} * A continuous printer
which totally immerses film in doing its work; see also
continuous printer. {D= ?; Es= impresora continua de
inmersion total; F= développement continu à immersion}.
Füllfaktor {D} * see oxide loading {E}.
Füllmaterial {D} * see filler {E}.
Füllschrift {D} * see variable groove pitch {E}.
fumigación {Es} * see fumigation {E}.
fumigation {E;F} * The process of exposing materials,
usually in a vacuum or other airtight or closed chamber, to
poisonous gas or vapour in order to destroy insects,
mildew, or other forms of life that may endanger them.
While more or less effective, this process does not confer
lasting protection and it may, therefore, be necessary to
fumigate the areas in which the materials are stored; see
also fungi.(11.45.) {D= Begasung; Desinfektion; Es=
fumigación; F= désinfection}.

funda (discos fonográficos) {Es} * see sleeve {E}.
funda {Es} * see microfilm jacket; slipcase {E}.
funda de la película {Es} * see film jacket {E}.
funda de microfilm {Es} * see microfilm jacket {E}.
fundido {Es} * see dissolve; dissolve; fade {E}.
fundido de la imagen latente {Es} * see latent image fade
{E}.
fundido encadenado {Es} * see dissolve {E}.
fungi {E} * fundido encadenado {Es} * s-tes, ascomycetes,
basidiomycetes, and fungi imperfecti, and usually, in
addition, the myxomycetes and schizomycetes. A large
number of the spores of fungi is always present in the
atmosphere, and while audiovisual materials are not a
particularly suitable medium to support the growth of
moulds and fungi, under favourable conditions, such as
relatively high temperature and high relative humidity, such
media will support the growth of these micro-organisms.
Conditions of storage which permit the prevalence of fungi
may require the use of a fungicide to inhibit and/or destroy
them; see also foxing; mildew.(45.) {D= Schimmel; Es=
hongos; F= champignons}.
fungicida {Es} * see antifungus agent; fungicide {E}.
fungicide {E} * A substance that can kill or prevent the
growth of fungi.(45.) {D= ?; Es= fungicida; F= fongicide}.
fungistat {E} * A preparation or agent which inhibits the
growth of a fungus.(41.) {D= ?; Es= inhibidor de hongos;
F= stabilisant (d'attaque fongique)}.
Fungizid {D} * see antifungus agent {E}.
Funk {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.
Funkübertragung {D} * see broadcast {E;F}.
Fusznummer {D} * see edge numbers {E}.
FWHM {E} * acronym for full-width-half-maximum.
g ---
gabarit d'ouverture {F} * see aperture card {E}.
gabarit de collage {F} * see splicing block {E}.
gain {E;F} * The increase in signal provided by an amplifier
between input level and output level.50. {D= ?; Es=
ganancia; F= amplification}.
gain différentiel {F} * see differential gain {E}.
gain inequality {E} * The amplitude-frequency response of
the luminance channel has the same significance in a
colour transmission as in monochrome with respect to the
definition of the image. {D= ?; Es= desigualdad de
ganancia; F= caractéristique de la luminance}.
galet d'entraînement {F} * see idler {E}.
galet presseur {F} * see idler; pinch roller; pressure roller
{E}.
Galvanisierung {D} * see electroforming {E}.
galvano {Es} * see master (3) {E}.
gama de contrastes {Es} * see contrast ratio {E}.
109
gama de frecuencia {Es} * see frequency range {E}.
gama dinámico {Es} * see dynamic range {E}.
gamma {E;Es} * 1) The measure of contrast of a photographic
image, representing the slope of the straight-line
portion of the characteristic curve.09. 2) In video, the
exponent of that power law which is used to approximate
the curve of output magnitude vs. input magnitude over the
region of interest. {D= Spannungsverstärkung; F= facteur
de contraste; gamme}.
gamma cellulose {E} * see hemicelluloses.
gamma correction {E} * The introduction of a nonlinear
output-input characteristic for the purpose of changing the
effective value of gamma. {D= ?; Es= corrección gamma;
F= correction de gamma}.
gamma ferric oxide {E} * A magnetizable substance that is
frequently used as the magnetizable medium of recording
tapes; see also ferric oxide.10. {D= ?; Es= óxido férrico
gamma; F= oxyde ferrique gamma}.
gamme de gris {F} * see grating signal; grey scale; see
tonal range {E}.
gamme dynamique {F} * see dynamic range {E}.
gamme dynamique {F} * see dynamic range {E}.
ganancia {Es} * see gain {E}.
ganancia diferencial {Es} * see differential gain {E}.
gancho {Es} * see claw {E}.
Gang {D} * see aisle {E}.
ganz nah {D} * see close-up {E}.
gap {E} * The separation between the poles of a magnetic
head, measured in micro-inches or microns; most critical
with heads used for playback purposes where gaps must
be short in order to resolve high frequency (short wave
length) recordings. Recording heads generally have longer
gaps. Dual purpose (record and play) heads have gaps
governed by the same principle as for playback.(50.16.)
{D= ?; Es= separación; hueco; entrehierro; F= entrefer;
écartement; trou}.
gap smear {E} * The erosion of the edge of a tape recorder
head gap caused by abrasive tape. The eroded material
gets into the gap, causing a magnetic short.(04. {D=
Spaltablagerungen; Es= erosión entrehierro; F= entrefer
usé; émoussé; tache de trou}.
garde bande {F} * see guard band {E}.
garra {Es} * see claw {E}.
gas inerte {Es} * see inert gas {E}.
gate {E} * A hinged support for a camera or projector
pressure plate; also, loosely, the camera or projector
aperture.(09.) {D= ?; Es= puerta; F= couloir; fenêtre de
projection}.
gauchissement {F} * see warp {E}.
gauge {E} * The width of motion-picture film in
millimetres.12. {D= Format; Mass; Es= calibre; formato; F=
diamètre; format; largeur}.
gauss {D;E;Es;F} * A measure of flux density, named after
the German mathematician and physicist Karl Friedrich
Gauss, numerically equivalent to flux lines or maxwells per
square centimetre.16.

gaz inerte {F} * see inert gas {E}.
Gefriertrocknung {D} * see freeze drying {E}.
Gegeneinstellung {D} * see reverse angle {E}.
Gegenlicht {D} * see backlighting {E}.
Gegenschuss {D} * see reverse angle {E}.
gekoppter Abtastnadel {D} * see truncated stylus {E}.
gel de sílice {Es} * see silica gel {E}.
gelatin {E} * A natural protein from animal hides and bones
used as a binder in film emulsions.10. {D= Gelatine; Es=
gelatina; F= gélatine}.
gelatin emulsion {E} * A coated, light-sensitive layer in
which the medium is a natural protein colloid.35; see also
emulsion. {D= ?; Es= emulsión de gelatina; F= émulsion;
émulsion gélatine}.
gelatin print {E} * Another name for collotype. {D= ?; Es=
colotipia; F= gélatine; calotype}.
gelatin process {E} * see collotype.
gelatina {Es} * see gelatin {E}.
Gelatine {D} * see gelatin {E}.
gélatine {F} * see gelatin; gelatin print {E}.
gen-lock {E} * The process of electronically synchronizing
various video sources to the master sync source. {D= ?;
Es= intersincronizador; F= synchronisation;
asservissement d'un générateur}.
geneigte Kamera {D} * see tilt shot {E}.
generación {Es} * see generation {E}.
generador {Es} * see generator {E}.
generador de códigos de tiempo {Es} * see Time Code
Generator (TCG) {E}.
generador de imagen fija {Es} * see monoscope {E}.
generador de señales de sincronismo {Es} * see
synchronizing (sync) generator {E}.
general material designator (GMD) {E} * A term indicating
the broad class of material to which an item belongs, e.g.,
motion picture, video recording, sound recording; see also
specific material designation.12. {D= ?; Es= designador
general del material; F= catégorie générale de matériel}.
générateur (de signaux de synchronisation) {F} * see
generator {E}.
générateur de code temporel {F} * see Time Code
Generator (TCG) {E}.
générateur de signaux de synchronisation {F} * see
synchronizing (sync) generator {E}.
générateur de temps codé {F} * see Time Code Generator
(TCG) {E}.
generation {E} * 1) A term used to describe the original
source item to the copy/ies made from it; generally
preceded by an ordinal number greater by one than the
number of copying steps the media (i.e., tape, film)
represents. For example, an original recording is a firstgeneration;
the first copy from it is a second-gene-ration;
the copy from the second-generation is a third-generation;
110
etc. One variation on this is that some refer to the first
duplicate made as the first-generation dupe or dub, rather
than as the second-generation. 2) An improved version
that derives from an earlier concept, as with a second-,
third-, and so on, generation piece of equipment or
computer program; see also copy status (generation).(10.)
{D= Generation; Es= generación; F= génération}.
generation loss {E} * Data lost when an analogue item is
replicated; the degradation of signal from a first-generation
analogue recording to a second-generation analogue
recording constitutes a one-generation loss.(04.) {D= ?;
Es= pérdida de generación; F= perte par duplication}.
Generation {D} * see generation {E}.
génération (statut de la copie) {F} * see copy status
(generation) {E}.
génération {F} * see generation {E}.
generation (copy status) {E} * see copy status
(generation).
generator {E} * In video production there are two types of
equipment that are referred to as generators, a sync
generator and a time code generator. {D= ?; Es=
generador; F= générateur (de signaux de
synchronisation)}.
générique {F} * see cast; credit sequence; credits {E}.
geometric distortion {E} * Any aberration that causes the
reproduced picture to be geometrically dissimilar to the
perspective plane projection of the original scene. {D= ?;
Es= distorsión geométrica; F= distorsion géométrique}.
geostacionaria {Es} * see orbit (geosynchronous) {E}.
Geräusch {D} * see noise {E}.
Geräusche {D} * see sound effects {E}.
Geräuscheffekte {D} * see sound effects {E}.
Geräuschspannungsabstand {D} * see weighted noise {E}.
geräuschunterdrückungs-System {D} * see noisesuppression
system {E}.
Gesamtklirrfaktor {D} * see total harmonic distortion (THD)
{E}.
geschlossene Akte {D} * see closed file {E}.
geschlossene Signaldarstellung {D} * see composite
coding {E}.
geschlossener Bestand {D} * see closed record group {E}.
Geschmeiß {D} * see vermin {E}.
Geschwindigkeit {D} * see speed {E}.
Gesellschafter {D} * see sponsor {E}.
Gesindel {D} * see vermin {E}.
Gestell {D} * see rack {E}.
Gewölbe {D} * see vault {E}.
Gewürm {D} * see vermin {E}.
ghost-image {E} * 1) A foggy image produced by a lens
defect. 2) An image on the reverse side of a page caused
by too much ink or thin paper; also called ghosting. 3) The
intentional double exposure of film to produce a second,
paler image. 4) A shadowy or weak image in the received
television picture, offset to either the left or right of the

primary image; generally the result of transmission
conditions that create secondary signals that are received
earlier or later than the main or primary signal; also known
as double image.(10.) {D= ziehende Blende; Es= imagen
fantasma; filage; F= écho image; image fantôme; image
secondaire; filage}.
ghosting {E} * see ghost-image.
giga- (g) {D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one billion.
gigahertz {F} * see gigaHertz (gHz) {E}.
gigaHertz (gHz) {E} * One billion Hertz. {D= ?; Es=
gigaherzio; F= gigahertz}.
gigaherzio {Es} * see gigaHertz (gHz) {E}.
giradiscos {Es} * see turntable {E}.
girafe {F} * see boom {E}.
giro {Es} * see slewing {E}.
Glasbild {D} * see lantern slide {E}.
Glasfaser {D} * see fibre optics {E}.
glass master {D;E} * The glass disc used for optical disc
mastering, produced by exposing a photosensitive coating
on a glass substrate to a LASER beam, then developing
the exposed coating and covering it with a reflective
coating.(39.10.) {Es= disco de cristal (grabación de CD);
F= matrice de verre; lentille d'optique}.
glass plate negatives {E} * Still-image negatives which use
sheets of glass as their base carrier. {D= ?; Es= negativos
en placas de vidrio; F= négatif sur plaque de verre}.
glass support {E} * A layer which carries either a positive
or a negative emulsion coated on a transparent support of
glass.42. {D= ?; Es= soporte de vidrio; F= plaque de verre
support}.
glassine {E;F} * A dense, glazed, semi-transparent paper
often used to make envelopes and sleeves for storing
photographic negatives. It is usually acidic.44. Glassine
paper is a supercalendered, smooth, dense, transparent or
semi-transparent paper manufactured primarily from
chemical wood pulps, which have been beaten to secure
a high degree of hydration of the stock. It is grease
resistant, and has a high resistance to the passage of air
and many essential oil vapours used as food flavoring and,
when waxed, lacquered, or laminated, is practically
impervious to the transmission of moisture vapours.08.
{D= ?; Es= papel cristal; F= glassine?}.
Gleichlaufschwankbungen {D} * see wow and flutter {E}.
Gleitmittel {D} * see lubricant {E}.
glissement {F} * see creep {E}.
glitch {E} * 1) A form of interference appearing as a
horizontal bar or picture offset either stationary or moving
vertically through the video image. 2) A momentary
disturbance or breakup on an electronic signal. {D= ?; Es=
interferencia momentánea (señal electrostática);
interferencia (imagen de vídeo); F= défaut transitoire;
signal d'interférence (horizontal)}.
Glossary of Terms Related
to the
Archiving of Audiovisual Materials
glossy print {E} * A photographic print with a hard, shiny
surface that is created by drying on a ferrotype plate; see
also ferro-type.01. {D= ?; Es= positivo brillante; F=
épreuve glacée; image brillante; tirage brillant}.
111
glue {E} * A protein based adhesive consisting of organic
colloids obtained from animal materials such as bones and
hides in meat packing and tanning industries. Glue, as
such, is much too brittle for use in most archival
operations. Therefore a plasticizer, such as glycerin, or a
less expensive substitute such as sorbitol, often combined
with glycols and tackifiers, are added to improve elasticity
and resilience; see also adhesive.(45.) {D= ?; Es= cola; F=
colle}.
GMD {E} * acronym for general material designator.
gobo {E} * 1) A metal cutout pattern of suitable size to fit in
the holder or aperture of an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight.
2) A flag, usually opaque, that can be made with diffusing
material. 3) A cutout through which a camera may shoot.
4) A sound reflector. 5) Sound absorbing material.(10.) see
also scrim. {D= ?; Es= 1) pantalla de proyector; 2)
bandera; 3) visera de cámara; 4) reflector de sonido; 5)
material antisonoro F= écran opáque;-lumière; cache de
découpe; nègre}.
Gold Molded {D;E/US;Es;F} * The Edison American
trade name for a standard size, moulded, cylinder sound
recording, either wax (1902 to 1912+) or celluloid (1912 to
1929); so named because the metal used for electroplating
an original recording, and around which to build a
copper mould, was gold. In the U.S. the 1902 cylinders
were called High Speed Wax Molded Records, but were
advertised in 1903 as Gold Molded Records; they were
known as Gold Moulded Records from 1902 in England.
Edison dropped the name after February 1908.(14.)
Gold Moulded {E/UK} * see Gold Molded {E/US}.
goma arábiga {Es} * see gum arabic {E}.
goma laca {Es} * see shellac {E}.
gomme arabique {F} * see gum arabic {E}.
gomme-laque {F} * see shellac {E}.
gonflage : 16 mm --> 35 mm) {F} * see blow-up {E}.
gonflement de l'émulsion {F} * see swelling of the emulsion
{E}.
gouge {E} * Commonly used defect term for disc and
cylinder recordings; used interchangeably with dig and
needle dig.(04.) {D= ?; Es= arañazo profundo; F= "coup de
gouge"}.
governor {E} * A mechanical device for controlling the
speed of a piece of equipment. {D= ?; Es= reflector; F=
mécanisme régulateur; régulateur}.
grabación {Es} * see recording horn {E}.
grabación acústica {Es} * see acoustical recording {E}.
grabación analógica {Es} * see analogue recording {E}.
grabación bajo condiciones anormales {Es} * see field
recording {E}.
grabación bajo condiciones infrecuentes {Es} * see field
recording {E}.
grabación casera {Es} * see domestic record {E}.
grabación de campo {Es} * see field recording
grabación de control {Es} * see control track {E}.
grabación de corte vertical {Es} * see vertical cut recording
{E}.

grabación de dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording {E}.
grabación de larga duración {Es} * see long-play; longplaying
record (Lp) {E}.
grabación de larga duración {Es} * see long-playing record
{E}.
grabación de los intérpretes principales {Es} * see created
roll (CR) {E}.
grabación de una señal sobre la original {Es} * see
assemble edit {E}.
grabación del sonido e imagen simultáneamente {Es} *
see single-system sound {E}.
grabación digital {Es} * see digital recording {E}.
grabación directa {Es} * see direct recording {E}.
grabación directa al disco {Es} * see direct to disc
recording {E}.
grabación directa en al zona metálica {Es} * see direct
metal mastering (DMM) {D;E}.
grabación eléctrica {Es} * see electrical recording {E}.
grabación en cuatro pistas {Es} * see four-track recording
{E}.grabación] de los intérpretes principales {Es} * see
created roll (CR) {E}.
grabación en dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording {E}.
grabación en mdia pista {Es} * see half-track recorder {E}.
grabación lateral {Es} * see lateral cut; lateral recording
{E}.
grabación magnetoóptica {Es} * see magneto-optical
recording (MOR) {E}.
grabación magnetoóptica {Es} * see magneto-optical
recording (MOR) {E}.
grabación óptica digital {Es} * see digital optical recording
(DOR) {E}.
grabación original {Es} * see original recording {E}.
grabación particular {Es} * see personal record {E}.
grabación pirata {Es} * see bootleg {E;F}.
grabación por dos pistas {Es} * see two track recording
{E}.
grabación por haz de electrones {Es} * see electron beam
recorder (EBR) {E}.
grabación por indentación {Es} * see indentation recording
{E}.
grabación sobre grabación {Es} * see sound-on-sound
{D;E}.
grabación sonora {Es} * see record (2)(3)); sound
recording {E}.
grabación Y/C (NTSC) {Es} * see Y/C recording {E}.
grabado {Es} * see engraving {E}.
grabado por haz de electrones {Es} * see EBR {E}.
grabador {Es} * see channel (1, 2) {E}.
112
grabador a distancia {Es} * see telerecorder (2) {E}. en
cuatro pistas {Es} * see four-track recording {E}.
grabador de sonido {Es} * see sound recorder {E}.
grabador óptico {Es} * see optical recorder {E}.
Grabador de Cinta y Audio (magnetófono) {Es} * see ATR
{E}.
grabadora de televisión {Es} * see telerecorder (1) {E}.
grabadora magnetofónica monocanal {Es} * see
monophonic recorder {E}.
grabadora tipo C {Es} * see type C recorder {E}.
Grabadora de Televisión {Es} * see TCR {E}.
grabar al agua fuerte {Es} * see etch {E}.
grabar un disco {Es} * see cut (2, 3) {E}.
gradateur {F} * see fader {E}.
gradient moyen {F} * see average gradient {E}.
gradiente medio {Es} * see average gradient {E}.
grading {E} * A moving-image production procedure of
correcting light and/or colour values in various
photographic shots and scenes made at different times of
the day, in different places, or under different lighting
conditions so that the final version, the print, will be uniform;
see also answer print.30. {D= Lichtbestimmung; Es=
comprobacíon; equilibrado; E/U= timing; F= étalonnage}.
grado {Es} * see extent {E}.
grado de desfasamiento {Es} * see phase change medium
{E}.
grado de la variación de la fase {Es} * see phase change
medium {E}.
grado de luminancia {Es} * see luminance ratio {E}.
grado de reducción {Es} * see reduction ratio {E}.
grados Kelvin {Es} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.
graduer {F} * see calibrate {E}.
gráficas de tramas {Es} * see raster graphics {E}.
gráfico (en dos dimensiones) {Es} * see graphic {E}.
gráfico electrónico {Es} * see graphic {E}.
grain {E;F} * 1) The direction in which most of the fibers in
an item are oriented.(47.) 2) The clusters of light-sensitive
silver halide in a negative that are changed into black
metallic silver by development. The grain becomes more
apparent in a print when the negative is enlarged.
Generally, the more sensitive (i.e., faster) films have more
grain than less sensitive (i.e., slower) films.43. {D= Korn;
Es= grano de la película}.
graininess {E} * A defect in processed photographic film or
prints resulting from an uneven distribution of the grains
that make up the image. The defect, most apparent in
enlargements, may appear as a pattern of small dots or
uneven colour distribution. Graininess is a subjective
property, as perceived by the viewer. An objective
assessment of graininess is termed granularity.01. The
subjective sensation of a random pattern apparent to a
viewer seeing small local density variations in an overall
uniform density area.09. {D= ?; Es= granulación; F=
granulation}.

Grammofon {D;E;Es;F} * Emile Berliner's 1887 name for
his machine to produce incised disc re-angle lens {E}.
gramophone/phonographe à pavillon interne .{F} * see
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
grand angulaire {F} * see wide-angle lens {E}.
grand cylinders {E} * see concert cylinders.
grano de la película {Es} * see grain {E;F}.
granulación {Es} * see graininess {E}.
granularité {F} * see granularity {E}.
granularity {E} * The objective measurement, with a
densitometer having a small aperture, of the local density
variations that give rise to the sensation of graininess.09.
{D= ?; Es= granulosidad; F= granularité}.
granulation {F} * see graininess {E}.
granulation noise {E} * An audible distortion resulting from
quantization error.39. {D= ?; Es= sonido de granulación;
F= bruit de granulation}.
granulosidad {Es} * see granularity {E}.
graphic {E} * A two-dimensional representation whether
opaque (e.g., art original and reproductions, flash cards,
photographs, technical drawings) or intended to be viewed,
or projected without motion, by means of an optical device
(e.g., filmstrips, stereographs, slides).03. 2) In a video
production, a graphic is an electronic image composed as
an artistic representation and is used to supplement the
production. It may also include text. {D= ?; Es= gráfico (en
dos dimensiones); gráfico electrónico; F= graphique}.
graphique {F} * see graphic {E}.
graphiques de trames {F} * see raster graphics {E}.
graphophone {D;E;Es;F} * 1) A reproducing audio cylinder
machine invented by Chichester Bell and Charles S.
Tainter in 1885, and the first record machine to have a
removable, transportable, and replaceable media for
recording and/or playing (a cardboard cylinder surfaced
with ozokerite, a wax derived from shale). 2) Columbia
Company's first disc player, known as the Toy
Graphophone, was introduced in 1901.(14.)
graticule {E} * A lined or etched screen that is in front of a
CRT on a waveform, vectorscope, or oscilloscope which is
used to measure and define the specifications of the
signal. {D= ?; Es= retícula; F= graticule; réseau quadrillé;
réticule}.
graticule {F} * see graticule {E}.
grating signal {E} * A video test signal with 17 vertical bars
and 14 horizontal bars which is used to test or adjust the
vertical and horizontal linearity of a system under test. {D=
?; Es= señal de cuadrícula; F= signal de réglage; charte
de gris; gamme de gris}.
gravure {F} * see etch {E}.
gravure en profondeur {F} * see vertical cut {E}.
gravure latérale {F} * see lateral cut {E}.
gravure verticale {F} * see vertical cut {E}.
gray scale {E} * An achromatic slide, test pattern, or other
standard test card having ten (10) steps of grey ranging
from white to black.10. {D= ?; Es= escala gris; F= échelle
de gris; charte de gris; gamme de gris}.
113
gray scale {E} * Variations of value from white, through
shades of gray, to black on a television screen. The
gradations approximate the tonal values of the original
image picked up by the television camera. {D= ?; Es=
escala gris; F= charte des gris}.
green disc {E} * A lacquer disc which has not yet gone
through the curing process; also known as unripe discs.
{D= ?; Es= disco verde; F= disque vierge (laque)}.
green film {E} * A newly developed photographic print or
film that may be scratched easily.10. {D= frisch Kopie; Es=
copia fresca; F= copie neuve; copie positive (non
stabilisée); copie fraîche}.
green tape {E} * In magnetic tape recording, an abrasive
tape used to clean and lap heads taht are unevenly worn,
stained, scratched, etc. It should be used with caution and
should not be used on ferrite heads.46. {D= ?; Es= ?; F=
?}.
Green Book {E} * The compact disc-interactive (CD-I)
standards document, so named because of the colour of
the cover of the book.39. {D= ?; Es= Libro Verde; F= Livre
vert}.
Greifer {D} * see claw {E}.
grey card {E} * see neutral test card.
greying {E} * Commonly used defect term for grooved,
analogue recordings which indicates widespread needle
wear resulting in a discolouration or 'greying' of a part or all
of the playing area surface of the disc, usually meaning
either that the disc has been extensively played, or that it
has been played with too heavy a stylus tracking weight;
sometimes called steeling.(04.) {D= ?; Es= aspecto
grisáceo; F= ? (zone usée d'un disque noir)}.
grid {E;F} * 1) A control element in a vacuum tube. 2) A
television test pattern. 3) A crosshatch pattern used for
designing lay-outs.(10.) {D= ?; Es= rejilla; malla}.
grieta {Es} * see crack/cracking {E}.
griffe {F} * see claw; pin {E}.
grille (visionner) {F} * see screen {E}.
grille de diffraction {F} * see diffraction grating {E}.
grille demi-tons {F} * see halftone screen {E}.
gris équivalent {F} * see colour balance {E}.
grondement {F} * see boomy {E}.
groove {E} * In audiovisual media, the channel cut,
embossed, or pressed into a recording medium (i.e.,
cylinder, disc, film) which carries the encoded signal. Such
a groove may be blank (unmodulated) or recorded
(modulated), or a combination of both. A cut recording
contains only one groove cut, or embossed, spirally from
the beginning to the end of the item, but it is more common
to refer to this groove in the plural, grooves; see also
concentric groove; eccentric groove; lateral cut; vertical
cut.(04.) {D= Rille; Es= surco; F= gravure; sillon; sillon
sonore}.
groove jumping {E} * The undesired movement of the
stylus from one groove track to an adjacent one. Causes
can be poor manufacture of recording, uneven playback
equipment, improper tracking pressure applied to the
pickup, etc.(04.) {D= ?; Es= salto de surco; F=
déraillement; saut de sil}.
gros plan {F} * see close-up {E}.

grosor {Es} * see thickness {E}.
grosor total {Es} * see total thickness {E}.
grosz {D} * see close-up {E}.
Groszaufnahme {D} * see close-up {E}.
ground {E} * 1) An electrical connection to earth. 2) A point
in an electrical system that has zero voltage and which is
connected to the earth or a part of the circuit serving as
the earth.(50.16.) {D= Erdung; Mosse; Es= conexión a
tierra; F= terre; prise de terre}.
ground loop {E} * The path in a ground circuit between two
or more points intended to be at the same voltage (zero)
but which are not because of ground resistance. It can
result in hum and other undesirable disturbances in circuits
where signal strength is low.16. {D= ?; Es= camino
cerrado de tierra; F= boucle de masse}.
Group III & Group IV {D;E} * Compression and data
transmission standards developed by the CCITT used in
facsimile (FAX) machines. Group III normally includes FAX
machines operated over normal telephone lines and is not
generally acceptable for grey-scale or colour images. {Es=
Grupo III y Grupo IV; F= Groupe III & Groupe IV}.
Group IV {E} * see Group III.
groupe High Sierra (1985) {F} * see High Sierra Group
(HSG) {E}.
Groupe III & Groupe IV {F} * see Group III & Group IV
{D;E}.
grue {F} * see boom {E}.
grueso {Es} * see thickness {E}.
Grundlickt {D} * see key light {E}.
Grupo III y Grupo IV {Es} * see Group III & Group IV {D;E}.
guard band {E} * A space of unrecorded tape on a
magnetic tape left between the recorded tracks to prevent
crosstalk or leakage of signal between one track and
another; its width is only slightly less than that of the
recorded track on audio tape.(04.) {D= Trennspur; Es=
banda de protección; F= sillon fermé; sillon final; garde
bande}.
guía {Es} * see guide {E}.
guía de entrada de la Academia (de artes escénicas de los
EEUU) {Es} * see Academy leader {E}.
guía de sincronización {Es} * see sync leader {E}.
guías de la cinta {Es} * see tape guides {E}.
guide (bande vidéo quadruplex) {F} * see canoe {E}.
guide {E;F} * 1) An overlay used in animation that indicates
the positioning of the art-work, camera movement, or both.
2) A manual or handbook that is used to explain
audiovisual educational materials. 3) A mechanism that
serves to hold a tape, film, or similar media in a desired
position. 4) Any transport element whose function is to
control the tape's or film's location in the path, either transversely
or perpendicularly. 5) A publication that lists radio
or television programmes.(10.) {D= ?; Es= guía}.
guide bande {F} * see tape guides {E}.
guide de bande {E} * see tape guides {E}.
guide rod {E} * see back rod.
114
guión gráfico {Es} * see story board {E}.
guión impreso en ficha {Es} * see cue card {E}.
guión visualizado {Es} * see story board {E}.
guionista {Es} * see screenwriter {E}.
gum arabic {E} * In photography, a water soluble gum used
in the bichromated colloid processes to form a relief
image.42. {D= ?; Es= goma arábiga; F= gomme arabique}.
Gutachter {D} * see evaluator {E}.
h ---
H and D curve {E} * see characteristic curve.
H-shift {E} * A video aberration caused when a change is
made between video sources that are not synchronous
with each other. {D= ?; Es= desplazamiento H; F=
coquille}.
H&D curve {E} * The diagram showing the relationship
between photographic exposure and density, named after
Hurter & Driffkield, pioneers in the study of sensitometry;
see also characteristic curve.(09.) {D= ?; Es= curva H y D;
F= courbe H et D; courbe sensitométrique}.
Haarhygrometer {D} * see hair hygrometer {E}.
habilidad para reproducir colores escénicos con cámara
de vídeo {Es} * see colour balance (3) {E}.
hacer una representación o imitación {Es} * see imager
{E}.
hacer una unión puente con tomas de tiempos, lugares,
etc {Es} * see bridging shot {E}.
hair hygrometer {E} * A hygrometer which uses natural
animal hair as the hygroscopic item which will lengthen as
the R/H increases and shortens as the R/H decreases,
with the resulting change being transmitted with various
mechanical devices to a pointer on a dial or to a recorder
pen on a recording instrument; most accurate between 30
and 80% R/H. In general, hair hygrometers are not as
accurate as a psychrometer and may take up to ½-hour to
fully respond to a change in R/H. Further, a hair
hygrometer should be calibrated every month, or each time
it is moved, whichever comes first, against a reliable
psychrometer.(32.) {D= Haarhygrometer; Es= higrómetro
de cabello; F= hygromètre à cheveu}.
halation {E} * 1) An undesirable reflection of light from the
film base to the emulsion, causing a ghost-image or fog.
The defect is usually avoided through the use of an
antihalation undercoat in dye-back film.01. 2) Unwanted
exposure surrounding a photographic image caused by
light scattered within the emulsion or reflected from the
base.09. 3) A glow or diffusion that surrounds a bright spot
on a television picture tube screen. {D= ?; Es= aureola;
fenómeno de halo; F= halo}.
Halbbild {D} * see field {E}.
Halbnah {D} * see medium shot; two shot {E}.
Halbspur {D} * see double track; half-track; two track {E}.
Halbspuraufnahme {D} * see two track recording {E}.
Halbspurgerät {D} * see dual track recorder; half-track
recorder {E}.
half-track {E} * 1) In motion-picture film, the use of both
optical and magnetic tracks on a sound film. 2) In audio

magnetic tape recording, a recorded signal which occupies
half the width of the tape, the resulting recording may
either be the total mono signal or half of a stereo
recording, the other half of which is the other half of the
tape (both tracks running in synchronization in the same
direc-tion); see also two-track.(04.) {D= Halbspur; Es=
media pista; F= double piste; demi-piste; deux pistes}.
half-track recorder {E} * 1) An audio magnetic tape
recorder with two record heads used for making stereo
tape recordings. 2) An audio magnetic tape recorder with
a single head which produces an half-track mono audio
signal. {D= Halbspurgerät; Es= grabación [registro] en
mdia pista; F= enregistreur demi-piste}.
half-track tape {E} * see half-track {E}.
halftone {E} * A photomechanical process for reproducing
contin-uous-tone photographs. Printed with one colour or
ink, the halftone process gives the appearance of blacks,
whites, and greys by converting the image into a pattern of
clearly defined dots of varying sizes, and creates the
illusion of tone gradation. The largest dots appear darkest
and are in the shadow areas of the image, while the
smallest dots seem lightest and represent the highlight
areas. Intermediate sized dots reproduce the various
middle tones of grey.43. {D= ?; Es= medio tono; F= demiteinte}.
halftone block {E} * A copper or zinc printing block used for
halftones.10. {D= ?; Es= cliché de medio tono; F= demiteinte}.
halftone screen {E} * A grid of fine horizontal and vertical
lines used to make halftones.10. {D= ?; Es= pantalla
[trama] de medio tono; F= grille demi-tons}.
halide {E} * Any compound of chlorine, iodine, bromine, or
fluorine and another element. The compounds are called
halogens. The silver salts of these halogens are the lightsensitive
materials used in silver halide emulsions.40. {D=
?; Es= haluro; F= halogénure}.
halide d'argent ? {F} * see silver halide {E}.
Hall {D} * see reverberation {E}.
halo {F} * see halation {E}.
halogen {E} * Any of the elements of the chemical family of
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine used in
conjunc-tion with silver in film emulsion; see also
halide.10. {D= ?; Es= halógeno; F= halogène}.
halogène {F} * see halogen {E}.
halógeno {Es} * see halogen {E}.
halogénure {F} * see halide {E}.
Haltbarkeit {D} * see durability; permanence {E;F}.
haluro {Es} * see halide {E}.
haluro de plata {Es} * see silver halide {E}.
Hamming code {E} * A method of checking for errors by
comparing transmission and reception bits; named after its
inventor.(10.) {D= ?; Es= código Hamming; F= code de
Hamming}.
hand-coloured {E} * A local application of coloured
pigments or dyes to enhance a photographic image.42.
{D= handgemaltkoloriert; Es= coloreado (-a) a mano; F=
coloré main}.
handgemaltkoloriert {D} * see hand-coloured {E}.
115
handling zone {E} * The region of an optical disc which
may be physically contacted by a handling
mechanism.(46.) {D= ?; Es= zona de manejo; F= zone de
manutention}.
hanger {E} * A frame for holding sheet film for processing.
{D= ?; Es= colgadero; F= crochet; hangar}.
hard {E} * In still-and moving-image work, excess contrast.
{D= ?; Es= duro; F= contrasté; dur}.
hard core material {E} * Pornographic materials (literature,
film, video, etc.) that contain explicit and graphic sexual
acts.10. {D= ?; Es= pornografía dura; F= matériel
pornographique}.
hard sound {E} * The sound produced by a room with
highly reflective walls.10. {D= ?; Es= sonido reverberador;
F= son réverbéré}.
hardcopy {E} * A document or copy, usually on paper, as
opposed to a microform or machine-readable
document.(22.) {D= Ansichtskopie; Papierkopie; Es= copis
impresa; copia de papel; copia en papel; F= copie d'écran;
copie papier; document sur papier}.
hardener {E} * A solution of chemicals used in film
processing to harden the gelatin of emulsions and to raise
its melting point. The hardener makes the photographic
material more resistant to scratches and prevents the
emulsion from softening in the warm processing baths.
Commonly used chemicals include aluminium potassium
sulphate, chromium aluminium sulphate, and
formaldehyde solution.01. {D= Härter; Es= endurecedor;
F= durcisseurbain tannant; alunage}.
hardware {E;Es} * The physical, mechanical, and electrical
devices that form an audio and/or video record and/or
playback system. 39. {D= Geräte; Es= elementos físicos
de un ordenador; F= équipement; matériel; quincaillerie}.
harmonic distortion {E} * Non-linear distortion
characterized by the appearance, in the output, of
harmonics of the fundamental input frequency; usually
expressed in a percentage, numerically equal to 100 times
the ratio of the root-mean-square voltages of each of the
individual harmonic frequencies, to the root-mean-square
voltage of the fundamental; see also non-linear
distortion.(16.10.) {D= harmonische Vergerrung; Es=
distorsión armónica; F= distorsion non linéaire; distorsion
harmonique}.
harmonics {E} * Overtones or frequencies of sound which
are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.(16.)
{D= harmonische Teiltöne; Teiltöne; Es= (componentes)
armónicas; F= harmoniques}.
harmoniques {F} * see harmonics {E}.
harmonische Teiltöne {D} * see harmonics {E}.
harmonische Vergerrung {D} * see harmonic distortion {E}.
Härter {D} * see hardener {E}.
haut et bas {F} * see head and tail {E}.
haut-parleur {F} * see loudspeaker; speaker {E}.
haut-parleur de contrôle {F} * see monitor speaker {E}.
haut-parleur de graves {F} * see woofer {E}.
haute fidélit * see high fidelity (HF); high frequency (HF)
{E}.
haute fréquence fidélit {F} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.

haute résolution {F} * see high resolution {E}.
hauteur perçue {F} * see pitch {E}.
haz de luz {Es} * see beam {E}.
haz explorador {Es} * see scanning beam {E}.
hazard {E;F} * In optical data, a condition that may
increase the chances for a loss.(55.) {D= Risiko; Es=
riesgo}.
haze filters {E} * A screen used in the photographic
process to reduce the effects of haze or fog by removing
some of the blue and ultraviolet light.(09.) {D= ?; Es= filtros
antineblinas; F= filtres UV; filtres anti-brouillard; filtres à
brume}.
HD3 {E} * acronym for high-density digital data.07.
HDMAC {E;F} * acronym for high definition mac. {D= ?;
Es= acrónimo de MAC de alta definición}.
HDTV {E} * acronym for high-definition television. {D= ?;
Es= acrónimo de Televisión de Alta Definición; F= TVHD}.
head {E} * 1) In a magnetic recorder, the electromagnet
across which the magnetizable medium surface is drawn
and which, depending on its function, either erases a
previous recording, converts an electrical input and
impresses the corresponding magnetic pattern on the
medium (record function), or converts a magnetic pattern
already on the medium to an electrical signal (playback
function); see also erase head; playback head; record
head.(16.) 2) The top part of a tripod that holds a
camera.(35.) {D= Kopf; 1) Bandkopf; Tonkopf; Es= ?; F=
début; tête; bloc}.
head alignment {E} * In magnetic recorders, the correct
position of the head and gap, with respect to the magnetic
medium; includes all mechanical adjustments necessary
to assure proper head to tape contact.(50.16.) {D=
Kopfjustage; Es= alineación de la cabeza; F= alignement
des têtes; réglage des têtes}.
head and tail {E} * 1) The beginning and end of a piece of
film or tape. 2) The top and bottom edges of a container.
{D= ?; Es= cabeza y cola [principo y fin]; F= début et fin;
haut et bas}.
head banding {E} * A visible defect in a reproduced
segmented type video picture associated with a particular
video head or its position.(06.) {D= Kopfspuren; Es= efecto
banda; efecto de persiana; F= effet de persienne; effet de
bande (TV)}.
head clog {E} * The blocking or congesting of the
electronic head on a magnetic recorder. {D=
Kopfverschmutzung; Es= obstrucción del cabezal; F=
encrassement des têtes; colmatage des têtes}.
head demagnetizer {E} * A device used to neutralize
residual or induced magnetism in heads or guides made
from ferromagnetic materials. Unless the recorder has an
automatic head demagnetizing circuit and non-magnetic
guides, periodic use of a head demagne-tizer may be
necessary to avoid addition of noise to, or even partial
erasure of previously recorded tapes; also known as a
degausser.(16.) {D= Entmagnetisierdrossel; Es=
desmagnetizador de cabezales; F= démagnétiseur de
têtes}.
head shell {E} * The removable portion of a record player's
tone arm which houses the cartridge and stylus.04. {D=
Tonabnehmer-Halterung; Systemhalterung; Es= cápsula
(tocadiscos); F= coquille}.
head stick {E} * In magnetic tape recording, common
116
words for a large increase in head-to-tape friction caused
by a) a sticky byproduct exuded by the tape under certain
conditions of tape age, temperature/humidity, and head-totape
pressure, or b) very smooth tapes coupled with large
area heads; also known as sticktion and stick-slip; see
also stick-slip.46. {D= ?; Es= pegado del cabezal; F=
collage tête-bande}.
head to tape contact {E} * The degree to which the surface
of the magnetic coating of a tape approaches the surface
of the record or reproduce heads during normal operation
of a recorder.46. {D= Band-Kopf-Kontakt; Es= contacto
entre cabezal y cinta; F= contact tête-bande}.
header {E} * see heading.
header field {E} * In CD-ROM and CD-I, a 4-byte field of a
data sector that contains the absolute sector ad-dress and
the mode byte; contains 4 bytes indicating minutes, sector,
sector number, and whether the sector is mode 1, mode 2,
or mode ff.(39.10.) {D= ?; Es= campo del cabezal
(estanco); F= en-tête}.
heading {E} * 1) Inscription, readable without
magnification, placed at the top of the microfiche to identify
its contents.(40.) 2) A name, word, or phrase placed at the
head of a catalogue entry to provide an access point in the
catalog; see also access point; added entry.(03.) {D= ?;
Es= título; encabezamiento; membrete; F= titre; en-tête}.
headphones {E} * Small sound reproducers in a suitable
frame for wearing about the human head, most commonly
using (electro-) dynamic, sometimes also electrostatic
(condenser) transducers; generally close-coupled to the
ears for private listening.(50.) {D= Kopfhörer; Es=
auriculares; F= casque}.
heads out {E} * Having the beginning of the programme
content (recorded information) at the outside, or head, of
the reel of tape or strip film ready for immediate playback
or projection without the need to rewind.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
comienzo preparado; F= à l'endroit}.
headwheel {E} * The portion of a videotape deck that
houses the video record/play heads. It is also referred to
as drum or scanner. {D= ?; Es= tambor (escáner); F=
tambour; tambour porte-têtes}.
hearing tubes {E} * A device, the earliest made with
vulcanite ear-pieces connected by rubber tubes to a Ypiece
under the chin, then by more tubing to the
reproducer, used on the earliest sound recorders and
reproducers for hearing or listening to the record-ing.
Generally, such tubes gave much better reception than a
horn; were used in the coin-slot phonograph trade; also
known as listening tubes.(14.) {D= Hörschläuche; Es=
tubos de escucha; F= tubes d'écoute}.
heat splice {E} * see butt splice; splice. {E}.
helical scan {D;E} * A method of video magnetic tape
recording that uses one or more rotating heads that
engage a magnetic tape wrapped at least partially around
a cylindrical column. The tape path describes a portion of
a helix. The recorded video tracks lie at an angle
substantially less than 45 degrees with respect to the
length of the tape. Usually one complete television field is
recorded as one head passes across the width of the tape;
the method most often used in home VCRs; also called
slant track.(10.35.) {D= Schrägspuraufzeichnung; Es=
lectura helicoidal; exploracion helicoidal; F= lecture
hélicoïdale; enregistrement hélicoidal}.
heliotype {E} * see collotype.
hembra (clavija) XLR {Es} * see XLR {E}.
hemicellulose {E} * 1) Cellulose having a degree of

polymeriza-tion (DP) of 150 or less {i.e., smaller molecules
with fewer 'building blocks'}; a collective term for beta and
gamma cellulose; cellulose that is soluble in hot alkali. 2)
A number of shorter-chain polysaccharides. Hemicellulose
(along with degraded cellulose) is further conveniently
categorized according to DP: beta cellulose - DP 15-90
gamma cellulose - DP less than 15. By contrast to
cellulose, which is a polymer only of glucose,
hemicellulose are polymers of five different sugars:
glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose. The
contribution of hemicellulose to development of initial
strength in paper --folding and bonding-- is well
recognized. However, hemicellulose-rich pulps have a
strong tendency to discolour during thermal ageing. This
tendency can be countered with borohydride
treatment.19.27. {D= ?; Es= hemicelulosa; F=
hémicellulose}.
hémicellulose {F} * see hemicellulose {E}.
hemicelulosa {Es} * see hemicellulose {E}.
HEPA {E} * acronym for high efficiency particulate air filter.
Herausbringen eines Films {D} * see release {E}.
Herkunftsland {D} * see country of origin {E}.
hermetically sealed {E} * The airtight sealing of materials
in protective containers, usually done in a controlled, dustfree
environment, and often after special conditioning of
the item and with controlled temperature and relative
humidity.(04.) {D= hermetischer Verschluß; Es= cerrado
[sellado] herméticamente; F= conditionnement hermétique;
bouchage hermétique}.
hermetischer Verschluß {D} * see hermetically sealed {E}.
herring bone {E} * An aberration of the video signal which
results from two frequencies beating together to produce
an undesirable visual pattern; also referred to as "moire."
{D= ?; Es= distorsión en forma de espina de pez (TV); F=
moiré}.
herse {F} * see batten {E}.
Hertz (Hz) {D;E;Es;F} * A measuring unit of frequency or
the speed of vibration of a sound wave; synonymous with
cycles per second (CPS). Hz = 1 cycle per second. Named
after physicist Heinrich R. Hertz.(04.50.)
hi-fi {E} * see high fidelity.
hidrólisis {Es} * see hydrolysis {E}.
hidrolizar {Es} * see hydrolyse {E}.
high band videotape {D;E;Es;F} * A videotape recording
made with a 20-mHz bandwidth, standard on 2-inch
videotape recorders.10.
high contrast {E} * In photography, a relationship of image
tones in which the light and dark areas are represented by
extreme differences in density.40. {D= ?; Es= alto
contraste; F= contraste élevé}.
high definition television (HDTV) {D;E;Es;F} * A television
system using higher resolution as compared to present,
conventional standards. There are presently three
competing proposals: Japanese (1150 lines, 50 fields),
European (1250 lines, 50 fields), and American (1050
lines, 60 fields).
high fidelity {D;E;Es;F} * A relative, consumer audio market
term, now interpreted as meaning the accurate
reproduction of sound within the full human hearing range,
nominally from 16 to 20,000 Hz.(10.) {F= haute fidélité}.
high frequency (HF) {E} * 1) The band of frequencies from
117
3 to 30 mHz. 2) Sound frequencies above 15,000 Hz.(10.)
{D= Hochfrequenz; Es= alta frecuencia; F= haute
fréquence; courant à haute fréquence}.
high frequency roll-off {E} * The roll-off of data above a
pre-determined frequency. {D= Höhenabschwächung; Es=
disminución progresiva de respuesta de la alta frecuencia;
F= filtrage hautes fréquences; affaiblissement des hautes
fréquences; "roll-off"}.
high key light {E} * In high-key lighting the key light provide
most or all of the light in the scene, resulting in a low
lighting contrast and an effect of general brilliance. In lowkey
lighting the key light provides much less of the total
illumination, and the cross light, back lights, high lights,
and filler lights are more prominent, giving the scene more
contrast. Often subjects are allowed to fall into darkness;
see also key light.30. {D= ?; Es= iluminación principal; F=
éclairage général}.
high resolution {E} * 1) The quality of a picture having
closely spaced pixels; the closer the pixels, the higher the
resolution. 2) The degree of detailed visual definition (800
x 600 pixels) that gives readable 80 column text display. 3)
In CD-I, a display resolution of 768 horizontal pixels by 560
vertical pixels - twice as many as normal resolution.(10.)
{D= ?; Es= alta resolución; F= haute résolution}.
High Sierra Group (HSG) {E;Es} * An ad hoc standards
committee which established nominal data format and
compatibility for CD--ROM, named after the hotel in Lake
Tahoe where the group first met in 1965.(39.10.) {D= ?; F=
groupe High Sierra (1985)}.
High Speed Wax Molded Records {E} * see Gold Molded
cylinder.
high-definition television (HDTV) {E} * Television images of
exceptionally good quality in all respects, including their
signal-to-noise ratio, gray scale, colourimetry, and
absence of spurious signals. The meaning has broadened
to include all the associated equipment in addition to the
signal itself. {D= ?; Es= televisión de alta definición; F=
télévision à haute définition (TVHD)}.
high-gain screen {E} * A projection screen capable of
producing an extremely bright image.10. {D= ?; Es=
pantalla de alta ganancia; F= écran à haut gain; à gain
élevé}.
high-pass filter {E} * A screen with a characteristic that
allows all frequencies above a specified roll-off frequency
to pass and attenuates all frequencies below. {D=
Hochpaßfilter; Es= filtro pasaalto; filtro de paso alto; F=
filtre passe-haut}.
high-speed camera {E} * A camera capable of speeds of
from 150 to tens of thousands of frames per second.10.
{D= ?; Es= cámara de alta velocidad; F= caméra ultra
rapide; camera à grande vitesse}.
high-speed duplication {E} * The dubbing of magnetic tape
at more than playback speed. {D= Hochgeschwindigkeits-
Duplizierung; Es= duplicación a alta velocidad; F=
duplication grande vitesse}.
high-speed duplicator {E} * Any equipment capable of
duplicating magnetic tape at a rate greater than normal
playback.(10.) {D= ?; Es= duplicador de alta velocidad; F=
duplicateur grande vitesse}.
high-speed film {E} * Photographic film with a high
sensitivity to light; with a high ASA number. {D= ?; Es=
película de alta velocidad; F= pellicule sensible}.
high-speed printer {E} * A continuous printer that is
capable of printing several hundred feet of film per minute.
{D= ?; Es= impresora de alta velocidad; F= dévelopeuse

grande vitesse}.
high-speed scanning {E} * The viewing of a moving-image
production, videotape or film, at a speed faster than
normal viewing.(10.) {D= ?; Es= exploración de alta
velocidad; F= balayage grande vitesse}.
highlights {E} * 1) In photography, an area of the subject
which is bright and which reproduces as a dense area on
a negative and as a light area on a positive.42. 2) Visually
the brightest, or photo-metrically the most luminant, areas
of a subject. In the negative image the areas of greatest
density; in the positive image, the areas of least
density.09. 3) A publication made of excerpts from a longer
work. {D= ?; Es= zona de luz; zona de fuerte iluminación;
F= plages lumineuses; pleines lumières; extraits
(morceaux choisis)}.
higroexpansividad {Es} * see hygroexpansivity {E}.
higrómetro {Es} * see hygrometer {E}.
higrómetro de cabello {Es} * see hair hygrometer {E}.
higrómetro electrónico {Es} * see electronic hygrometer
{E}.
higroscópico {Es} * see hygroscopic {E}.
hill-and-dale recording {E} * see vertical cut; vertical cut
recording.
hilo magnético {Es} * see magnetic wire {E}.
hinchamiento de la emulsión {Es} * see swelling of the
emulsion {E}.
Hintergrund-Ausleuchtung {Es} * see backlighting {E}.
Hintergrund-Projektion {D} * see back projection {E}.
Hintergrundecho {D} * see print-through {E}.
hipermedio {Es} * see hypermedia {E}.
hiposulfito sódico {Es} * see hyposulphite of soda (HYPO)
{E}.
hiss {E} * An undesirable wide spectrum noise heard when
a recorded tape is played back; some compare its sound
to that of a leaky steam pipe. It is caused by various
factors, including taping at too low a speed, or poor quality
tape.(04.35.) {D= Bandrauschen; rauschen; Es= silbido;
F= souffle; bruit de fond; sifflement}.
histéresis {Es} * see hysteresis {E}.
hochfrequente Gleichlaufschwankungen {D} * see flutter
{E}.
Hochfrequenz {D} * see high frequency (HF) {E}.
Hochfrequenzvormagnetisier ung {D} * see bias {E}.
Hochgeschwindigkeits-Duplizierung {D} * see high-speed
duplication {E}.
Hochpaßfilter {D} * see high-pass filter {E}.
hohe digitale Datendichte {D} * see high-density digital
data {E}.
Höhenabschwächung {D} * see high frequency roll-off {E}.
Höhenanhebung {D} * see treble boost {E}.
Höhenlautsprecher {D} * see tweeter {E}.
118
Höhenschlag {D} * see bump; warp {E}.
hoja {Es} * see sheet {E}.
hoja protectora {Es} * see slip sheet {E}.
hoja transparente de plástico {Es} * see cel {E}.
holdback tension {E} * Tautness, purposely created in the
magnetic tape or strip film during play, record/expose, or
fast winding, by driving the supply reel motor in the reverse
direction to the film/tape travel. Most often applied to
prevent film/tape breakage or stretching during fast
winding.(04.) {D= Rückhalte-Bandzug; Es= tensión
retenida; F= tension débitrice}.
hole {E} * see black hole. {D= ?; Es= agujero; F= forme
d'une découpe}.
holografía {Es} * see holography {E}.
hológrafo {Es} * see holograph {E}.
hologram {E} * A three-dimensional picture that is made on
the carrier (film or plate) without the use of a camera; an
image that consists of a pattern of interference produced
by a split coherent beam of radiation and that for viewing
is illuminated with coherent light from behind. {D= ?; Es=
holograma; F= hologramme}.
holograma {Es} * see hologram {E}.
hologramme {F} * see hologram {E}.
holograph {E} * 1) A document completely in the
handwriting of its author. 2) The actual handwriting of the
author. {D= ?; Es= hológrafo; F= holographe}.
holographe {F} * see holograph {E}.
holographie {F} * see holography {E}.
holography {E} * The process of making or using a
hologram. {D= ?; Es= holografía; F= holographie}.
Holzfreies Papier {D} * see permanent paper {E}.
hombro {Es} * see shoulder {E}.
home movies {E} * see domestic record.
honeycombing {E} * The process of deliberately leaving
space in stack areas for future accessions to already
accessioned specific grouped collections or
holdings.(22.23.) {D= Lagerung 'auf Lücke'; Es=
colocación espaciada; F= rangement discontinu}.
hongos {Es} * see fungi {E}.
Hör-Kopf {D} * see playback head {E}.
Hörbereich {D} * see audio frequencies {E}.
Hörfrequenzen {D} * see audio frequencies {E}.
horizontal (hum) bars {E} * Relatively broad horizontal
bars, alternately black and white, which extend over an
entire video picture; they may be stationary or may move
vertically. Sometimes referred to as a "venetian-blind"
effect, it is caused by an approximate 60-hertz interfering
frequency or one of its harmonic frequencies. {D= ?; Es=
franjas de zumbido horizontales; F= barres horizontales;
effet de persiennes}.
horizontal blanking {E} * The video blanking signal at the
end of each scanning line which allows the horizontal
retrace to occur unobserved. {D= ?; Es= borrado horizontal

; F= suppression horizontale de lignes}.
horizontal drive pulses {E} * Electronic pulses that cause
the electron beam to scan horizontally across the face of
the target in a video camera. {D= ?; Es= pulsaciones
horizontales de la señal de ataque; F= impulsions
horizontales}.
horizontal filing {E} * see flat-filing {E}.
horizontal filing {E} * The storage of documents in a
position parallel to the shelf as distinguished from vertical
filing; also known as flat filing; also know as flat filing.(22.)
{D= liegende Aufbewahrung; Horizontalablage; Es=
intalación horizontal; F= rangement à plat}.
horizontal interval {E} * The portion of the video signal
designating the period of time required to complete one
horizontal scan and retrace. . {D= ?; Es= intervalo
horizontal; F= délai retour}.
horizontal retrace {E} * The return of the electron beam
from the right to the left side of the video raster after the
scanning of one line. {D= ?; Es= retorno horizontal; F=
retour horizontal}.
Horizontalablage {D} * see horizontal filing {E}.
horloge {F} * see clock {E}.
horn {E} * The conical tube which collected the sound in
early acoustical recording machines for transmission to the
sound box and recording stylus, or, which amplified sound
emission from the reproducing (playback) machine.(04.)
{D= Trichter; Es= trompa; bocina; F= pavillon}.
horn cranes {E} * see horn support.
horn gramophone {E} * see horn phonograph.
horn phonograph/gramophone {E} * An acoustic audio
playback machine with a self supporting or suspended
horn fully open to view, usually above the playing and
reproducing mechanism. {D= ?; Es= trompa de
gramófono; trompa de fonógrafo; F= pavillon de
phonographe / gramophone}.
Hörschläuche {D} * see hearing tubes {E}.
hot-melt adhesives {E} * Resinous adhesives which are
liquid when hot and solid when cool. They are applied at
temperatures between 350 to 400°F/175 to 205°C and
produce a bond almost immediately on contact with a cool
surface. Hot-melt adhesives are not perma-nent.32. {D= ?;
Es= adhesivos de fusión en caliente; F= colle à chaud}.
housse {F} * see cabinet {E}.
HSG {E} * acronym for High Sierra Group.39.
hub {E} * The cylindrical object at the centre of a tape or
film reel, around which the tape/film is wound; see also
Nab hub; DIN (AEG) hub. {D= Kern; Bobby; Es= núcleo;
F= noyau; moyeu}.
hue {E} * The dominant colour of an object as determined
by the wavelength of the emitted or reflected light. It is the
redness, blueness, greenness, etc., of an object. {D= ?;
Es= color; matiz; F= teinte; nuance}.
hueco {Es} * see gap {E}.
huellas de pollo literalmente, (defecto de la cabeza
magnética) {Es} * see chicken tracks {E}.
Hülle {D} * see cover {E}.
hum {E} * 1) An undesirable low frequency sound present
119
in the output of an audio device, most commonly having a
frequency equal to, or a multiple of, the power source
frequency and usually induced from the power line or stray
magnetic fields.(04.50.16.) 2) An undesired electrical
disturbance in video at a low frequency, AC line, or power
supply frequency or a harmonic thereof. {D= Brumm; Es=
zumbido (sonido de baja frecuencia); F= ronflement}.
hum bars {E} * see horizontal (hum) bars.
hum modulation {E} * Distortion of a radio frequency or
other detected signal by hum. {D= ?; Es= modulación de
zumbido; F= distorsion par ronronnement}.
Humi-Chek {D;E;Es;F} * see electronic hygrometer.
humidificación {Es} * see humidification {E;F}.
humidificador {Es} * see humidifier {E}.
humidification {E;F} * 1) The increase of moisture content
in an environment. 2) The placing of dry and brittle
materials in moisture-laden air, in a cloud chamber or
container, to aid in the gradual absorption of water vapour
for added pliability.(22.23.) {D= 1) Luftbefeuchtung; 2)
Befeuchtung; Es= 1 & 2) humidificación; F=
humidification}.
humidifier {E} * A device to add moisture to rooms or
materials.07. {D= Befeuchter; Es= humidificador; F=
humidificateur}.
humidité absolue {F} * see absolute humidity {E}.
humidité relative {F} * see relative humidity (R/H) {E}.
humidity {E} * The actual amount of water vapour present
in the air; see also absolute humidity; hygrometer; relative
humidity. A more relevant working term is relative
humidity.45. {D= Feuchtigkeit; Es= humedad; F=
humidité}.
hundimiento {Es} * see droop {E}.
HVAC {E} * acronym for heating, ventila-ion concentration
{E} * The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in an
aqueous solution. It is a measure of the active acidity or
alkalinity, and is expressed as the number of moles
(1.0078 gram) of H+ per litre of solution. It may also be
expressed in terms of pH; see also pH.08. {D= ?; Es= ?;
F= ?}.
hydrogen-ion concentration {E} * The concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+) in an aqueous solution. It is a measure
of the active acidity or alkalinity, and is expressed as the
number of moles (1.0078 gram) of H+ per litre of solution.
It may also be expressed in terms of pH; see also pH.08.
{D= ?; Es= concentración de iones de hidrógeno; F=
concentration en ions hydrogène}.
hydrolyse {E;F} * To change the composition of a
compound by reaction with water. For example, the alum
in a fixing bath can react with water under certain
circumstances to produce a new compound of aluminiumaluminium
hydroxide.05. {D= ?; Es= hidrolizar}.
Hydrolyse {D} * see hydrolysis {E}.
hydrolysis {E} * 1) Literally, 'splitting apart with water'. 2)
Chemical action involving water. 3) Decomposition in
which a compound is split into other compounds by taking
up the elements of water.(44.) {D= Hydrolyse; Es=
hidrólisis; F= hydrolyse}.
hygreskopischer Ausdeknungskoeffizrent {D} * see
coefficient of hygroscopic expansion {E}.
hygroexpansivity {E} * The change in dimension of an item

that results from a change in the ambient relative humidity.
It is commonly expressed as a percentage and is usually
several times higher for the cross direction than for the
machine direction.(08.) {D= ?; Es= higroexpansividad; F=
dilatation hygroscopique}.
hygrometer {E} * An instrument used for measuring the
relative humidity, or percentage of moisture saturation of
the air; see also cobal-ter.(45.) {D= Hygrometer;
Feuchtigkeitsmesser; Es= higrómetro; F= hygromètre}.
Hygrometer {D} * see hygrometer {E}.
hygromètre {F} * see hygrometer {E}.
hygromètre à cheveu {F} * see halation; hair hygrometer
{E}.
hygromètre électronique {F} * see electronic hygrometer
{E}.
hygroscopic {E} * 1) Materials which readily take up and
retain mois-ture.39. 2) Ability of a material to absorb or
emit moisture in response to changes in the relative
humidity.44. Hygroscopicity is measured by the change in
moisture content when the relative humidity of the
atmosphere is changed, and this change in moisture
content affects its physical properties.08. {D=
hygroskopisch; Es= higroscópico; F= hygroscopique}.
hygroscopique {F} * see hygroscopic {E}.
hygroskopisch {D} * see hygroscopic {E}.
hygrothermograph {E} * A device for determining the
relative humidity and the temperature of an
atmosphere.(04.) {D= Hygrothermograph; Es=
termohigrógrafo; F= hygrothermographe}.
Hygrothermograph {D} * see hygrothermograph {E}.
hygrothermographe {F} * see hygrothermograph {E}.
hypermedia {E} * Cross-linked data-bases possibly
containing data in the form of text, still- and movingimages,
and/or sound.(39.) {D= ?; Es= hipermedio; F=
hypermédia}.
hypermédia {F} * see hypermedia {E}.
hyperstereoscopy {E} * see stereoscopy {E}.
hypo {E} * abbreviation for hyposulphite of soda.
hypo test {E} * see methylene blue; residual hypo test.
hyposulfite de sodium {F} * see hyposulphite of soda
(HYPO) {E}.
hyposulphite of soda (HYPO) {E} * Actually sodium
thiosulphate. The name for a fixing bath made from
ammonium or sodium thiosulphate, other chemicals, and
water, often used as a synonym for fixing bath.(09.) {D= ?;
Es= hiposulfito sódico [de sodio]; F= hyposulfite de
sodium}.
hysteresis {E} * Difference in the value of a property of a
substance depending on whether a given value of a
related condition or variable is approached from a higher
or lower level. For example, paper conditioned at 50
percent relative humidity will have a greater moisture
content when this environment is approached from a
higher relative humidity than from a lower relative
humidity.08. {D= ?; Es= histéresis; F= hystérésis}.
hysteresis loop {E} * The graphical representation of the
120
relation-ship between an alternating magnetomotive force
and the magnetic flux density it produces in a sample of
magnetic material such as magnetic tape. Usually
displayed in the form of two slightly displaced open s's
joined at the ends but not crossing or in coincidence with
one another.16. {D= ?; Es= ciclo de hitéresis; F= courbe
d'hystérésis}.
hystérésis {F} * see hysteresis {E}.
Hz {E} * abbreviation for Hertz.
i ---
I signal {E} * The colour sidebands produced by
modulating the colour subcarrier at a phase 57° removed
from the "burst," reference phase; also referred to as the
I vector. iconoscope {E} * Developed by V. K. Zworykin of
RCA was the first practical photoemissive storage tube. It
used a mosaic pattern consisting of small particles of
photoemitting material on an insulating substrate. It
produced a noisy picture, was difficult to operate and its
light sensitivity was marginal for live pickup. It was
succeeded for live pickup by the image orthicon tube. {D=
?; Es= señal I; F= signal I}.
IAN {E} * acronym for International Article Number.
IASA {E} * acronym for International Association of Sound
and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) {E}.
IC {E} * acronym for integrated circuit.
ICA {E} * acronym for International Council on Archives.
iconográfico {Es} * see iconograph {E}.
iconograph {E} * An illustration (photography, engraving,
etc.) made for a book. {D= ?; Es= iconográfico; F= ?}.
identité de fichier {F} * see title screen (computer files) {E}.
idler {E} * 1) The rubber-tyred wheel that transmits power
from the drive spindle to the turntable. 2) The rubber-tyred
wheel that presses the tape to the capstan of a tape
recorder's transport.(10.) {D= ?; Es= polea guíapelícula;
F= 1) galet d'entraînement 2) galet presseur}.
IEEE {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers; previously known as the Institute of
Radio Rngineers (ire). {D= ?; Es= abreviatura de Instituto
de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos; F= ?}.
IFFA {E} * acronym for International Federation of Film
Archives; see Fédération International des Archives du
Film.
IFLA {E} * acronym for International Federation of Library
Associations and Institutions.
IFPI {E} * acronym for International Federation of the
Phonographic Industry.
IFTA {E} * acronym for International Federation of
Television Archives; see Fédération Internationale des
Archives de Télévision.
IHF {E} * acronym for Institute of High Fidelity.
illuminación a contraluz {Es} * see backlighting {E}.
illuminant {E;F} * The source of light used to project the
film image or the source of light used to expose the film
such as an incan-descent (tungsten) bulb.09. {D= ?; Es=
iluminante; iluminador; fuente luminosa; patrón de luz}.
illumination level meter {E} * see light meter.

illustration colorée {F} * see coloured illustration {E}.
iluminación a contraluz {Es} * see back-light {E}.
iluminación ambiental {Es} * see ambient light {E}.
iluminación auxiliar {Es} * see fill light; filler light {E}.
iluminación base {Es} * see base-light {E}.
iluminación de bajo contraste {Es} * see flat lighting {E}.
iluminación del estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.
iluminación difuminada {Es} * see broad light {E}.
iluminación práctica {Es} * see practical lighting {E}.
iluminación principal {Es} * see high key light; key light {E}.
iluminación proyectada de baja intensidad {Es} * see baby
spot {E}.
iluminacíon {Es} * see lighting {E}.
iluminador {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.
iluminancia de pantalla {Es} * see screen brightness {E}.
iluminante {Es} * see illuminant {E;F}.
ilustración coloreada {Es} * see coloured illustration {E}.
IM {E} * acronym for intermodulation distortion.
image {E;F} * 1) An exact copy stored in a different
medium. 2) The picture on a television tube. 3) A
photographically recorded picture that is made visible by
processing. 4) The area that is reproduced by printing; see
also latent image.(10.) {D= Bild; Es= imagen}.
image {F} * see also flat image; frame; picture (pic; pix)
{E}.
image area {E} * 1) The part of a recording area on
microfilm/fiche reserved for the images. 2) The area of a
microfilm jacket containing film channels for the storage of
microfilm images.(40.) {D= ?; Es= superficie de la imagen;
F= surface d'image}.
image arrêtée {F} * see still frame; stop frame {E}.
image b {F} * see b picture {E}.
image blanche {F} * see flash frame {E}.
image brillante {F} * see glossy print {E}.
image colour {E} * A description of the predominant tone
of the image of a monochrome artifact. The colours range
from cold blue-black to warm red-brown.42. {D= ?; Es=
color de la imagen; F= couleur d'image}.
image compression {E} * The amount of compaction
required by an anamorphic system so that the image will
fit on the film; see also image expansion. {D= ?; Es=
compresión de la imagen; F= resserrement de l'image;
compression d'image}.
image contrast {E} * see contrast.
image de première génération {F} * see first-generation
image {E}.
image dissector {E} * An early television camera pickup
tube developed by Philo T. Franesworth in 1927.10. {D= ?;
Es= disector de imagen; F= dissecteur d'image}.
121
image dissector tube {E} * An early camera tube in which
an electron image produced by a photemitting surface in
the plane of a defining aperture and was scanned past that
aperture. {D= ?; Es= tubo disector de imagen; F= tube
trameur d'image}.
image en relief {F} * see relief image {E}.
image enhancement {E} * =Es= realce de imagen {Es}.
image enhancement {E} * 1) Electronic changing of a video
signal generally assumed to be for data correction and/or
enhancement; includes such processes as increasing
edge sharpness (high frequency synthesis), edge colour
fringe removal, colour displacement correction
(chroma/luma delay), reduced noise ('snow remover'),
suppressing 'ringing' at edges, and improved small image
detail.(06.) 2) An electronic circuit used in television to
increase the resolution of the picture.10. {D= Bildkorrektur;
Es= realce de imagen; F= accentuation d'image;
enrichissement de l'image}.
image enhancement {E} * Electronic changing of a video
signal generally assumed to be for data correction and/or
enhancement; includes such processes as increasing
edge sharpness (high frequency synthesis), edge colour
fringe removal, colour displacement correction
(chroma/luma delay), reduced noise ('snow remover'),
suppressing 'ringing' at edges, and improved small image
detail.(06.) {F= enrichissement de l'image; D=
Bildkorrektur; Es= realce de
image enhancer {E} * An electronic circuit used in
television to increase the resolution of the picture.10. {D=
?; Es= realzador de imagen}
image expansion {E} * The amount of change in image
size required by an anamorphic system so that the lens will
expand the picture the required amount; see also image
compression. {F= ?; D= ?; Es= expansión [dilatación] de la
imagen}
image fantôme {F} * see echo {E}.
image fixe {F} * see still frame; stop frame {E}.
image latente {F} * see latent image {E}.
image multiple {F} * see multiple image {E}.
image orientation {E} * The arrangement of document
images on microfilm, usually with respect to the film edge.
The orientation or mode is described as 'cine' or 'comic'.
{D= ?; Es= orientación de la imagen; F= orientation de
l'image}.
image orthicon (IO) {E;F} * An extremely light sensitive
television camera pickup tube developed by RCA.(10.) {D=
?; Es= Superorticón; Superortinoscopio}.
image orthicon tube {E} * A video image pick-up tube in
which an electron image produced by a photoemitting
surface and focused on one side of a separate storage
target which is scanned on its opposite side by an electron
beam, usually of low-velocity electrons. Also referred to as
an "IO" tube. The IO tube succeeded the iconoscope and
it was replaced by the Plumbicon. {D= ?; Es= tubo
Superorticón; F= tube orthicon}.
image photographique à nuances continues {F} * see
continuous tone image {E}.
image positive {F} * see positive image {E}.
image processing {E} * The manipulation and storage of
computer text or graphics.10. {D= ?; Es= procesamiento
de imagen; F= traitement d'image}.
image réelle {F} * see real image {E}.

image resolution {E} * A measure of the number of dots
per inch produced on a dot matrix or other printer.10. {D=
?; Es= resolución de la imagen; F= résolution de l'image}.
image retention {E} * A video iconoscope phenomenon
that occurs with rapid motion of the actor or the camera
and is especially noticeable at low light levels; also called
lagging, sticking, and trailing.10. {D= ?; Es= retención de
la imagen; F= (défaut de) rémanence}.
image reversing film {E} * A duplicating film which, with
conven-tional processing, reverses the polarity of the
original of the previous film generation, i.e., a negative is
generated from a positive or a positive generated from a
negative; see also direct-image film.01. {D= ?; Es=
película de inversión de imagen; F= film réversible}.
image scanner {E} * An electronic device used to transform
printed images into computer form.10. {D= ?; Es=
explorador de la imagen; F= numérisation des images}.
image secondaire {F} * see ghost-image {E}.
image stability {E} * Used when referring to a change in an
image, be it colour or black-and-white, recorded on
conventional, magnetic, or electronic image recording
medium.05. {D= ?; Es= estabilidad de la imagen; F=
stabilité de l'image}.
image storage {E} * A device that is capable of storing a
digitized frame of video information on a disc or tape.10.
{D= ?; Es= almacenador de imagen; F= stockage des
images}.
image structure {E} * Measurement of the capacity of a film
emulsion to record detail faithfully.09. {D= ?; Es=
estructura de la imagen; F= mesure de la définition d'une
émulsion}.
image transform {E} * A computerized kinescope
process.10. {D= ?; Es= transformación [conversión] de la
imagen ; F= ?}.
image virtuelle {F} * see virtual image {E}.
imagen {Es} * see frame; picture (pic; pix); image {E;F}.
imagen congelada {Es} * see freeze frame {E}.
imagen de control {Es} * see monoscope {E}.
imagen de primera generación {Es} * see first-generation
image {E}.
imagen de tono continuo {Es} * see continuous tone image
{E}.
imagen en relieve {Es} * see relief image {E}.
imagen fantasma {Es} * see echo {D;E}; ghost-image {E}.
imagen fija {Es} * see still frame {E}.
imagen inmóvil {Es} * see monoscope {E}.
imagen invertida (negativa) {Es} * see negative image {E}.
imagen latente {Es} * see latent image {E}.
imagen múltiple {Es} * see multiple exposure; multiple
image {E}.
imagen negativa {Es} * see picture negative {E}.
imagen plana {Es} * see flat image {E}.
imagen real {Es} * see real image {E}.
122
imagen resultado de la incidencia de la luz sobre una
emulsión {Es} * see artifact
imagen rotulada {Es} * see title frames {E}.
imagen virtual {Es} * see virtual image {E}.
imágen {Es} * see frame; picture (pic/pix) {E}.
imágen latente /{Es} * see latent image {E}.
imágenes por segundo {Es} * see frames per second
(FPS) {E}.
imágenes por segundo {Es} * see frames per second
(FPS) {E}.
imager {E} * A video camera lens focuses an image of the
scene on the photosensitive surface of a sensor or imager,
which converts an optical image into an electrical signal.
Imagers were originally vacuum tubes (image orthicons,
vidicons, and plumbicons), but more recently tubes are
being supplanted by solid-state sensors such as chargecoupled
devices (CCDs). {D= ?; Es= reflejar; hacer una
representación o imitación; F= imageur}.
images par seconde {F} * see frames per second (FPS)
{E}.
imageur {F} * see imager {E}.
imán móvil {Es} * see moving magnet {E}.
IMAX {D;E;Es;F} * An extremely large wide-screen film
process utilizing a special film camera and projector that
run the film horizontally.(10.)
imbalance {E} * The product of the total mass of the disc
and the distance in the plane of the disc between the
centre of gravity of the disc and the axis of rotation of the
disc.(46.) {D= ?; Es= desequlibrio; desbalance; F=
balourd; déséquilibre}.
imbibition process {E} * Any of the photomechanical
reproduction process used for printing colour film by the
selective absorption of dye by the three separation ma
trices.(10.) {D= ?; Es= proceso de inhibición ; F= procédé
par imbibition}.
impact strength {E} * A measure of the work done in
breaking a test sample of material (tape, film, disc) by
subjecting it to a sudden stress.46. {D= ?; Es= resistencia
al impacto; F= résistance à la rupture}.
impedance {E} * The resistance to the flow of alternating
current in an electrical circuit, generally categorized as
either 'high' or 'low' but sometimes given in 'ohms', or
millions of ohms ('megaohms'). Commonly used to
characterize the input or output termination o} * see art
print {E}.
impedance {E} * The resistance to the flow of alternating
current in an electrical circuit, generally categorized as
either 'high' or 'low' but sometimes given in 'ohms', or
millions of ohms ('megaohms'). Commonly used to
characterize t he input or output termination of
components so that a proper 'match' can be made when
interconnecting two or more devices (like a microphone,
tape recorder, and loudspeaker). Power loss or frequency
discrimination can result from a 'mismatch' of
impedances.16. {D= Impedanz; Es= impedancia ; F=
impédance}.
impédance {F} * see impedance {E}.
Impedancia {Es} * see impedance {E}.
impresión bobinada A y B {Es} * see a and b wind printing
{E}.

impresión de la banda sonora {Es} * see soundtrack print
{E}.
impresión de referencia {Es} * see reference print {E}.
impresión original (disco) {Es} * see original pressing {E}.
impresión por inmersión {Es} * see wet gate printer {E}.
impresión que lleva la montura del objetivo {Es} * see
barrel markings {E}.
impresión sonora {Es} * see record (2)(3)) {E}.
impresión sustractiva {Es} * see subtractive printing {E}.
impresor óptico [-a] {Es} * see optical printer {E}.
impresora continua {Es} * see continuous printer {E}.
impresora continua de inmersion total {Es} * see fullimmersion
continuous printer {E}.
impresora de alta velocidad {Es} * see high-speed printer
{E}.
impresora por inmersión {Es} * see wet gate printer {E}.
imprimeur {F} * see printer {E}.
impulsion {F} * see punch {E}.
impulsion de bruit {F} * see noise pulse {E}.
impulsion de synchronisation {F} * see sync pulse {E}.
impulsion transversale {F} * see pulse cross {E}.
impulsions d'égalisation {F} * see equalization pulses {E}.
impulsions de préégalisation {F} * see preequalizing
pulses {E}.
impulsions de synchro {F} * see blanking level {E}.
impulsions de synchronisation {F} * see burst {E}.
impulsions horizontales {F} * see horizontal drive pulses
{E}.
impulsions verticales (vid) {F} * see vertical drive pulse {E}.
impulso de cronización de barrido vertical {Es} * see
vertical drive pulse {E}.
impulso de desviación vertical {Es} * see vertical drive
pulse {E}.
impulso de precorrección {Es} * see preequalizing pulses
{E}.
impulso de ruido {Es} * see noise pulse {E}.
impulso sincronizador {Es} * see sync pulse {E}.
impulso transversal {Es} * see pulse cross {E}.
impulsos de equalización {Es} * see equalization pulses
{E}.
imùage de départ {F} * see flash frame {E}.
in association with {E} * see cooperation/in association
with.
in-line heads {E} * Arrangement of stereophonic heads on
an audio tape recorder in which the head gaps are
mounted one directly above the other; also called 'stacked
123
heads'.50. {D= ?; Es= cabezas alineadas verticalmente;
F= têtes groupées}.
in-phase {E} * Complete coordinated or synchronized
operation between or among two or more components,
waves, devices, currents, etc.; see also out of phase.(10.)
{D= ?; Es= en fase; F= en phase}.
inch {E} * 1) From the Latin, uncia, meaning twelfth part. 2)
A measure of length equal to 1/12 of a foot. 3) To move
very slowly. {D= Zoll; Es= pulgada; F= pouce}.
inches per second (IPS) {E} * The measurement of the
speed at which tape passes through a tape player. Tape
speeds are based on the early standard of 30-IPS.
Successive improvements in tapes, heads, and other
equipment have permitted reductions to 15-IPS and 7½-
IPS for professional tapes, and 3¾-IPS and 1#-IPS for
home use.04. In many areas, IPS figures are being
replaced by the equivalent metric figures (i.e., cms). {D=
Zoll pro Sekunde; Es= pulgadas por segundo; F= pouces
par seconde}.
incident light {E} * The light, from all external sources,
which falls upon a subject.09. The light that falls directly on
an object. {D= ?; Es= luz incidente; F= éclairage direct;
lumière incidente}.
incisión {Es} * see notch {E}.
incompatibilité {F} * see noncompatibility {E}.
incompatibilité? {F} * see interchange {E}.
incompatible {Es} * see noncompatibility {E}.
incremento mínimo en la densidad de la luz en fotografía,
{Es} * see print-out {E}.
incrustar {Es} * see burn-in {E}.
incrustation {F} * see key {E}.
incrustation sur fond bleu {F} * see chroma key {E}.
incruster {F} * see burn-in {E}.
indentation recording {E} * A means of recording onto
certain metal discs, e.g. aluminium, with a diamond stylus,
in which the metal is compressed to make grooves (i.e., no
thread is removed or displaced); see also embossing.(04.)
{D= ?; Es= grabación por [con] indentación; F= *
enregistrement par indentation; enregistrement reinforcé}.
independencia de línea {Es} * see off-Line {E}.
index {E;F} * A listing of pre-selected access points
(names, subjects, titles, etc.) along with an indication of
where (page number, index numbers, etc.) in the indexed
item (tape, CD, film, etc.) the item/event can be found. {D=
?; Es= índice}.
index counter {E} * On film and tape machines, an
odometer type of counter which indicates revolutions,
usually of the stock or supply hub (not feet of film/tape),
thereby making it possible to index selections within a
film/tape and readily locate them later.16. {D= ?; Es=
contador índice; F= compteur d'index}.
index numbers {E} * 1) The location indicators from an
index counter. 2) Delineations found in the sub-code of
optical media marking points of reference in the content of
the programme.(39.) {D= ?; Es= números índice; F=
numéros d'index; numéro de l'index}.
index of refraction {E} * 1) The ratio of the phase velocity
of light in a vacuum to that in a specified medium. The
index of refraction is invariably a function of the frequency
or wavelength of the optical radiation.46. 2) The ratio of the

velocity of light in one me-dium compared to a second medium.39.
{D= ?; Es= índice de refracción; F= indice de
réfraction; index réfractique}.
indicación {Es} * see registration {E}.
indicación de la esperanza de vida (en materiales) {Es} *
see LE designation {E}.
indicador de nivel {Es} * see level indicator {E}.
indicador visual de cristal líquido {Es} * see liquid crystal
display (LCD) {E}.
indicateur de niveau {F} * see level indicator {E}.
indication de l'espérance de vie {F} * see LE designation
{E}.
indice de luminance {F} * see luminaries; luminance ratio
{E}.
indice de qualité (microphoto) {F} * see quality index {E}.
indice de réfraction {F} * see index of refraction {E}.
Indice de Materias {Es} * see TOC {E}.
índice {Es} * see index {E;F}.
índice de calidad {Es} * see quality index {E}.
índice de exposición {Es} * see exposure index (E) {E}.
índice de materias {Es} * see table of contents (TOC) {E}.
indice de pose {F} * see exposure index (EI); exposure
index (EI) {E}.
índice de refracción {Es} * see index of refraction {E}.
indicio {Es} * see trace {E}.
índucteur {F} * see inductor {E;Es}.
inductor {E;Es} * An element the principal characteristic of
which is to oppose any change in the current of a circuit.
{D= ?; Es= bobina de inductancia ; F= índucteur}
inert gas {E} * Gas, such as nitrogen, having few or no
active properties.53. {D= ?; Es= gas inerte; F= gaz inactif}.
inestabilidad {Es} * see instability {E}.
inestable {Es} * see unsteady {E}.
información {Es} * see information {E}.
informal note {E} * see note.
information {E;F} * 1) Recorded data.22.23. 2) Generally,
the communication of knowledge or intelligence; the
reduction of uncertainty, randomness, or entropy. 3) In
moving-image production, the amount of material
contained in a film frame.(10.) 4) The audiovisual signal
recorded with a system. {D= Information; Es= información;
F= données numériques; données enregistrées
informatisées; données informatisées}.
information exchange protocol (IXP) {E} * A protocol used
in the mastering process for labelling data on a CD-I,
describing medium type and encoding tech-niques.39. {D=
?; Es= protocolo de intercambio de información; F=
protocole d'échange d'information}.
information retrieval {E} * 1) A set of procedures, manual
or automated, by which references to or the information
contained in documents are indexed and stored in such a
manner that they can be retrieved in response to specific
124
requests.(22.23.) 2) A computer system wherein the stored
data may be recalled instantly, or in very short time
periods, in one or more places or terminals.(10.) {D=
Informationsretrieval; Informationssystem; Es=
recuperación de la información; F= recherche
documentaire}.
Information {D} * see information {E}.
Informationsretrieval {D} * see information retrieval {E}.
Informationssystem {D} * see information retrieval {E}.
informe de responsabilidad {Es} * see statement of
responsibility {E}.
infrared light {E} * =Es= luz infrarroja {Es}.
infrared light {E} * Non-visible radiation from the long
wavelength portion of the spectrum.09. {D= ?; Es= luz
infrarroja ; F= lumière infra-rouge}.
Infraschall {D} * see infrasonic {E}.
infrasonic {E} * Frequencies below human audibility (i.e.,
below approximately 15 to 20 Hz); the opposite of
ultrasonic.(04.) {D= Infraschall; Es= infrasónico;
infracústico; F= infrasonique; neutre}.
infrasónico {Es} * see infrasonic {E}.
infrasonique {F} * see infrasonic {E}.
infringe {E} * 1) To break a law or agreement. 2) To
encroach upon the rights of others, as to violate the
exclusive rights of a copyright owner. {D= ?; Es= invadir;
infringir; F= enfreindre; contrefaire}.
infringir {Es} * see infringe {E}.
ingénieur de la vision {F} * see switcher {E}.
inherent vice {E} * The tendency of an object to deteriorate
or destroy itself without external help. {D= ?; Es= vicio
inherente [intrínseco]; F= vice interne}.
inhibidor de hongos {Es} * see fungistat {E}.
inicialización {Es} * see initialization {E}.
initialization {E} * 1) The automatic process of reading the
table of contents sub-code when a CD and/or computer
disk is first loaded into the player.39. 2) A video editing
procedure that establishes the basic parameters of the
editing system, such as where the machines are located
within the system, the pre-roll of the system, or the name
of the production. {D= ?; Es= inicialización; F=
initialisation}.
injection moulding {E} * Manufacturing process of injecting
a liquefied material, such as plastic, into a mould; used for
disc media. {D= Sprtizguß; Es= moldeo por inyección; F=
moulage par injection}.
inmovilización {Es} * see interlock {E}.
Innenstart {D} * see centre start disc (CS) {E}.
inner sleeve {E} * see sleeve.
inner titles/interior titles {E} * The frames of dialogue,
descriptive information, and/or comment placed in silent
films. {D= ?; Es= títulos internos [interiores]; F= titres
(ciné)?}.
input {E} * 1) Any data entering a circuit or system. 2) The
terminals, jacks, or receptacles provided for the injection
of an electrical voltage into an amplifier or other electronic

component.)16.) .D= Eingang; Es= entrada; conexión; F=
entrée}.
input/output (I/O) {E} * 1) The equipment used to
communicate with a computer. 2) The data involved in
such communication. 3) The medium carrying the data
involved in such communication.22. {D= 1)
Dateneingabe/Datenausgabe, 2)
Eingabedaten/Ausgabedaten, 3) Datenträger für Ein- und
Ausgabe; Es= circuito de entrada; circuito de salida;
entrada/salida; F= entrée/sortie}.
input signal {E} * An electrical voltage presented to the
input of an amplifier, head, or other electronic
component.16. {D= Eingangsignal; Es= señal de entrada;
F= signal d'entrée}.
inscription {F} * see entry {E}.
inserción de hojas sueltas en un libro ya encuadernado
{Es} * see tipping-in {E}.
inserción del punto de entrada (vídeo) {Es} * see trim-in
{E}.
inserción del punto de salida (vídeo) {Es} * see trim-out
{E}.
inserción manual {Es} * see manual edit {E}.
insert {E;F} * 1) Any matter slipped loose into a package,
such as the notes for the performance and/or libretto for an
opera; synonymous with loose insert and throw-in.01. 2) A
detail shot which gives specific and relevant information,
necessary to understanding the moving-image scene fully.
Example: a letter, the face of a clock, a tell-tale physical
detail.30. {D= Einsatz; Es= inserto}.
insert edit {E} * 1) The recording of an electronic signal -
audio or video- over a previously recorded portion, erasing
the old signal in the process.(35.) 2) Any video editing
where the control track is not replaced. Most computer
assisted editing is accomplished in the insert mode. To
insert an event is to add an event within an existing edit
decision list. The only other alternative mode of editing is
the assemble edit in which a new control track is recorded
at the edit point. {D= ?; Es= edición de inserto; F= insertion
de montage: montage par insertion}.
insert shot {E} * see insert {E}.
insertador {Es} * see inserter {E}.
inserter {E} * An electronic device that allows time code
numbers to be displayed within a video picture. {D= ?; Es=
insertador; embutidor; F= inserteur}.
inserteur {F} * see inserter {E}.
insertion {F} * see luminance key {E}.
insertion de montage {F} * see insert edit {E}-in {E}.
insertion du point de sortie (montage vidéo) {F} * see trimout
{E}.
inserto {Es} * see insert {E;F}.
inside margin {E} * The space between the playing area
and the circumference of the label of a disc recording.
Discs with no discrete labels are considered as having no
inside margins, but as having centres only.(04.) {D= ?; Es=
margen interior [interno]; F= marge interne}.
Inspección del Control de Calidad {Es} * see QCI {E}.
Inspection de contrôle qualité .{F} * see QCI .{E}.
125
Instabilität {D} * see instability {E}.
instabilité {F} * see break up; instability; jitter {D;E}.
instability {E} * The attribute of being unstable{D=
Instabilität; Es= inestabilidad; F= instabilité}.
instable {F} * see unsteady {E}.
instalación en doble fila {Es} * see double shelving {E}.
instalación en doble hilers {Es} * see double shelving {E}.
instalación horizontal {Es} * see flat-filing {E}.
instalación vertical {Es} * see vertical filing {E}.
instalar equipos portátiles para una emisión {Es} * see setup
{E}.
installation {F} * see mounting {E}.
installation de l'équipement {F} * see set-up {E}.
instant replay {E} * A video production technique where
specialized electronic equipment (either videotape or disk)
is used to repeat segments of the preceding program
rapidly. An example in sports television is the repeat of an
event in slow motion following its actual live occurrence.
The effect is normally used in slow motion although the
equipment usually is capable of real time, still frame,
reverse, several times real time speed or any increment
thereof. Also referred to as the "Slo-Mo." {D= ?; Es=
reproducción instantánea; F= reproduction instantanée}.
instantánea {Es} * see shot {E}.
instantaneous disc {E} * 1) Disc of suitable material to be
used for (one) recording and (usually limited numbers of)
replay; see also acetate disc; aluminium disc; lacquer disc;
wax disc. 2) A disc recording intended for direct
reproduction without further processing. 3) A disc
recording made 'live' at an event, not generally
commercially produced or pressed; also known as direct
recording, spot recording.(04.) {D= Selbstschnittfolte;
Aufnahmeplatte; Es= disco de reproducción inmediata
(instantánea); F= disque à gravure directe}.
Instavisión {Es} * see Instavision {E}.
Instavision {E;F} * An Ampex video cartridge format
intended for the consumer market. {D= ?; Es=
Instavisión}.
intalación horizontal {Es} * see horizontal filing {E}.
integración de compresión temporal {Es} * see Time
Compression Integration {E}.
Integración de Compresión Temporal {Es} * see TCI {E}.
integrated circuit {E} * A subminiature, solid state circuit
that consists of interconnected semi-conductors formed on
a tiny chip of silicon.(39.10.) {D= integrierte Schaltung; Es=
circuito integrado; F= circuit intégré}.
intégration de compression temporelle {F} * see Time
Compression Integration {E}.
integridad de un fondo {Es} * see archival integrity {E}.
integrierte Schaltung {D} * see integrated circuit {E}.
intégrité du fonds d'archives {F} * see archival integrity {E}.
intensidad luminosa {Es} * see luminous intensity {E}.
intensité {F} * see volume {E;F}.

intensité lumineuse {F} * see luminous intensity {E}.
intention de la lumière {F} * see key light {E}.
Inter-Negativ {D} * see internegative {E}.
interactive media {E} * Programmes or courses of
instruction with content and output controlled by the user.
{D= interaktive Medien; Es= medio interactivo; F= media
interactif}.
interaktive Medien {D} * see interactive media {E}.
interblock gap {E} * A section of tape separating blocks of
information.46. {D= ?; Es= espacio entre bloques (de un
registro magnético); F= espace interbloc}.
intercambio {Es} * see interchange {E}.
interchange {E} * ? The compatibility problem in videotape
decks where one deck will not play the tapes made on
another. {D= ?; Es= intercambio; cambio; permuta; F=
incompatibilité?}.
interconexión estándar para ordenadores personales {Es}
* see small computer standard inter-face (SCSI) {E}.
interespacio (surcos de discos) {Es} * see scroll {E}.
interestratificar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interestratificar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interface numérique AES/UER {F} * see AES/EBU digital
interface {E}.
interfaz digital AES {Es} * see AES/EBU digital interface
{E}.
interférence sur canal commun {F} * see co-channel
interference {E}.
interferencia (imagen de vídeo) {Es} * see glitch {E}.
interferencia {Es} * see jam {E}.
interferencia acústica {Es} * see motorboating {E}.
interferencia de dos emisoras de televisión {Es} * see cochannel
interference {E}.
interferencia momentánea (señal electrostática) {Es} * see
glitch {E}.
interferir {Es} * see jam {E}.
interfoliar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interfoliar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interior titles {E} * see inner titles/interior titles.
interlace scanning {E} * A scanning process in which the
distance from center to center of successively scanned
lines is two or more times the nominal line width, and in
which the adjacent lines belong to different fields. {D= ?;
Es= exploración entrelazada; F= balayage entrelacé}.
interlaced scan {E} * A scanning process in which
successive scanned lines are spaced an integral number
of line widths, and in which the adjacent lines are scanned
during successive cycles of the field frequency. Used to
eliminate flicker.(10.) {D= ?; Es= exploración entrelazada;
F= balayage entrelacé}.
interlayer transfer {E} * Loose material, such as oxide, that
is generated by tape wear or a head stick condition which
is transfered from the oxide to the back of the tape or from
126
the back side to the oxide when tape is wound on a
reel.46. {D= ?; Es= capa interna de transferencia ; F=
transfert spire à spire}.
interleaving {E} * The process of rearranging data in time.
Upon de-interleaving, errors in consec-utive bits or words
are distribut-ed to a wider area to guard against
consecutive errors in the storage medium.39. 2) In the
NTSC television system, two transmitted video fields are
interleaved to produce one complete video frame; see also
interlace scanning. {D= ?; Es= interpaginar; interfoliar;
entrelaminar; interestratificar; F= entrelacement}.
interlock {E} * The first synchronous presentation of the
film workprint and the soundtrack (on separate films) by
means of a mechanical or electrical drive between the
projector and the sound reproducer.09. {D= ?; Es=
inmovilización; bloqueo; (dispositivo de) enclavamiento de
protección; F= verrouillage; couplage; emboîter}.
intermédiaire négatif {F} * see intermediate negative {E}.
intermediate film {E} * The material in film production which
is used between the original camera film and the projection
and/or use prints. Its purposes are for such as making
master positives from negative materials (negative camera
films, internegatives, colour reversal intermediates, and
duplicate negatives) and for making colour duplicate
negatives from those master positives.(09.) {D=
Farblavendel; Es= película intermedised and then replaced
by the next.09. {D= intermittierender Filmlauf; Es= ?; F=
film intermédiaire}.
intermittent {F} * see intermittent movement {E} .
intermittent movement {E} * The mechanism of a camera,
printer or projector by which each frame is held stationary
when exposed and then replaced by the next.09. {D=
intermittierender Filmlauf; Es= movimiento intermitente; F=
mouvement intermittent}
intermittierender Filmlauf {D} * see intermittent movement
{E}.
intermittierender Filmlauf {D} * see intermittent movement
{E}.
intermodulation distortion (IMD) {E} * 1) Undesired sum
and difference frequencies in an output signal relative to
the input; see also non-linear distortion.39. 2) Signal
nonlinearity characterized by the appearance of
frequencies in the output equal to the sums and
differences of integral multiples of the component
frequencies present in the input signal.46. {D=
Intermodulations-Verzerrung; Es= distorsión por [de]
intermodulación; F= distorsion d'intermodulation}.
intermodulations-Verzerrung {D} * see intermodulation
distortion (IMD) {E}.
internal sync {E} * A video sync reference that is coming
from within a piece of equipment. {D= ?; Es=
sincronización interior; F= synchro interne}.
international co-production {E} * A term used in movingimage
productions to identify a work resulting from the joint
efforts of two or more production companies based in
different countries.(12.) {D= ?; Es= co-producción
internacional; F= coproduction internationale}.
International Article Number (IAN) {E} * The worldwide
counterpart to the UPC. Although developed prior to the
IAN, the UPC is now a subgroup within IAN and the entire
system constitutes a world product code now in use in
Europe, Africa, North and South America, Asia, and the
Far East. Since the UPC did not have sufficient numeric
fields in its manufacturer portion to accommodate the rest
of the world, a thirteenth digit was added at the beginning

of the code. This additional digit is not represented by
additional bars and spaces, but is derived from various
symbol patterns of the other twelve digits.
International Association of Sound and Audiovisual
Archives (IASA) {E} * An international professional
association of audio; one of the five Non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs) of UNESCO which regularly
participates in the Round Table on Audiovisual Records.
{D= Internationale Vereinigung der Schall- und
audiovisuellen Archive; Es= Asociación Internacional de
Archivos Sonoros; F= Association Internationale
d'Archives Sonores et Audiovisuelles}.
International Association of Sound Archives (IASA) {E} *
see International Association of Sound and Audiovisual
Archives (IASA) {E}.
International Council on Archives (ICA) {E} * An
international professional association concerned with the
promotion and encouragement of all measures for the
preservation and use of the archival heritage of mankind;
one of the five Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
of UNESCO which regularly participates in the Round
Table on Audiovisual Records. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
International Federation of Film Archives (IFFA) {E} * see
Fédération International des Archives du Film (FIAF; IFFA)
{F}.
International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA) {E} * A worldwide professional
organization whose objective is to promote international
cooperation, discussion, and research in all fields of library
activity. The main professional group within IFLA which
deals specifically with audiovisual records is the Round
Table on Audiovisual Media; one of the five Non-
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) of UNESCO which
regularly participates in the Round Table on Audiovisual
Records. {D= Internat1ionaler Verband der
bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen; Es=
Federación Internacional de las Asociaciones de
Bibliotecas y Bibliotecarios; F= Fédération Internationale
des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques}.
International Federation of Television Archives (IFTA) {E}
* see Fédération Internationale des Archives de Télévision
(FIAT; IFTA) {F}.
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
(IFPI) {E} * An international non-profit trade association
founded to work for the interests and betterment of the
international sound recording industry; members are
companies which create, manufacture, and market sound
recordings. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) {E} * The
international code that identifies a book (i.e. a non-serial
literary publication).33. see also standard number. {D=
Internationale Standard-Buchnummer; Es= Numéro
Internacional Normalizado para Libros; F= Numéro
Interntional Normalisé des Livres}.
International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN) {D;E} *
The international numerical code that identifies an audio
publication; see also standard number. {Es= Número
Internacional Normalizado para Documentos; F= Numéro
International Normalisé des Enregistrements}.
International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) {E} * A
code and numerical identifier developed by the ISO and
adopted as an international standard in 1986 as a means
of identifying all or individual parts of audio, video, or
audiovisual recordings internationally throughout the life of
the recordings. ISRC is intended for use by producers of
audio, video, or audiovisual recordings as well as by
copyright organizations, broadcasting organizations,
libraries, etc. Prepared and administered by ISO/TC 46,
Documentation, the ISRC is formally identified as
127
International Standard ISO 3901.
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E} * The
international numerical code that identifies a serial
publication.33. see also standard number. {D=
Internationale Standard-Serienummer; Es= Numéro
Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones Seriadas o
Revistas; F= Numéro International Normalisé des
Publications en Série}
Internationale Standard-Buchnummer (ISBN) {D} * see
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) {E}.
Internationale Standard-Serienummer (ISSN) {D} * see
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E}.
Internationale Standard-Serienummer (ISSN) {D} * see
International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN) {E}.
Internationale Vereinigung der Schall- und audiovisuellen
Archive {D} * see International Association of Sound and
Audiovisual Archives (IASA) {E}.
Internationale Vereinigung der Schallarchive {D} * see
International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).
Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine
und Institutionen {D} * see International Federation of
Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) {E}.
internationales Tonband {D} * see music and effects track
{E}.
internégatif {F} * see dupe (duplicate); dupe negative;
internegative {E}.
internegative {E} * 1) A colour negative made from a colour
positive.09. 2) In a two-stage duplication of a print the first
copy is made on a negative film and is called the
internegative from which a duplicate print is made.05. 3) A
negative derived from a reversal original film; also known
as a colour reversal internegative (CRI)(06.) {D= Inter-
Negativ; Farb-Dup-Negativ; Es= negativo intermedio;
internegativo; F= négatif intermédiaire; internégatif}.
internegativo {Es} * see internegative {E}.
internegativo {Es} * see internegative {E}.
interno {Es} * see inside margin {E}.
interpaginar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interpaginar {Es} * see interleaving {E}.
interplage {F} * see rill; scroll {E}.
interpolación {Es} * see interpolation {D;E;F}.
interpolation {D;E;F} * 1) A method of substituting
estimated values for missing or erroneous data; an error
concealment technique. 2) In computer animation, the
automatic generation of graphics or action to complete the
sequence between specified frames.(39.10.) {Es=
interpolación}.
interpositif {F} * see interpositive {E}.
Interpositiv {D} * see interpositive {E}.
interpositive {E} * 1) Any positive duplicate of a film used
for further printing.09. 2) In a two-stage duplication of a
negative the first copy is made on a positive film and is
called the interpositive from which the copy or duplicate
negative is made.05. The film positive is made from a
negative by contact printing or through an optical system
(i.e., camera or enlarger). Copy negatives can be made
from the interpositive.43. 3) A colour positive designed for

duplicating purposes, made to protect the negative.06. {D=
Interpositiv; Es= interpositivo; F= interpositif; positif
intermédiaire}.
interpositivo {Es} * see interpositive {E}.
interpretación {Es} * see cast {E}.
interprète {F} * see cast; performer; player {E}.
intérprete {Es} * see performer {E}.
interrupción {Es} * see stop {D;E}. here March 30, 1998
interruptor {Es} * see key; routing switcher; switcher {E}.
interruptor para hacer fundidos (vídeo) {Es} * see dissolve
(1, 2) {E}.
intersection {F} * see overlap sound {E}.
intersection {F} * see overlap sound {E}.
intersincronizador {Es} * see gen-lock {E}.
intersurco (empalme entre cortes de un disco) {Es} * see
rill {E}.
intertitle rolls/title bands {E} * In moving-image productions
the printed titles that have been separated from their
corresponding picture.12. {D= ?; Es= rollos de intertítulo;
bandas de título; F= intertitres}.
intertitles/interior titles {E} * Titles within the main body of
a motion-picture film, such as dialogues, continuity, and
informational titles. Silent film used intertitles
extensively.(12.) {D= ?; Es= intertítulo; títulos interiores; F=
intertitres}.
intertitres {F} * see intertitle rolls/title bands;
intertitles/interior titles {E}.
intertítulo {Es} * see intertitles/interior titles {E}.
intervalle de trame {F} * see vertical interval {E}.
intervalo de densidades extremas {Es} * see density range
{E}.
intervalo horizontal {Es} * see horizontal interval {E}.
intervalo tonal {Es} * see tonal range {E}.
intervalo vertical {Es} * see vertical interval {E}.
intrinsic coercivity {E} * see coercivity.
intrinsic flux {E} * In a uniformly magnetized sample of
magnetic material, the product of the intrinsic flux density
and the cross-sectional area.46. {D= magnetischer Fluß;
Es= flujo intrínseco; F= flux intrinsèque}.
intrinsic value {E} * Term used to define or describe the
qualities of archival materials. Records have varying
degrees of intrinsic value based on such factors as
uniqueness or value of informational content, age, physical
format, artistic or aesthetic qualities, and scarcity.
Determination of intrinsic value is closely linked to
decisions regarding preservation and physical treatment.
Materials having high intrinsic value generally warrant
preservation in their original format, while records
designated as having little or no intrinsic value often can
be copied to preserve informational content.44. {D= ?; Es=
valor intrínseco; F= vameur intrinsèque}.
inutilisé {F} * see blank {E}.
invadir {Es} * see infringe {E}.
128
inventario analítico {Es} * see descriptive list {E}.
inventario cronológico {Es} * see chronological inventory
{E}.
inventario de entrega {Es} * see checklist {E}.
inventario de transferencia {Es} * see checklist {E}.
inventario somero {Es} * see checklist {E}.
inventory {E} * 1) A finding aid listing and describing in
varying degrees of detail the contents of one or more
record/archive groups, fonds, classes, or series, usually
including a brief history of the organization and functions
of the originating body, and, if appropriate, indexes. 2) A
document containing a list of things, e.g. furniture,
equipment, with an indication of value; see also
cataloguing.(22.23.) {D= 1) Inventar; Repertorium; 2)
Inventar; Es= 1 & 2) inventario; F= inventaire}.
inversion latérale (gauche - droite) {F} * see lateral reversal
{E}.
inversión lateral {Es} * see lateral reversal {E}.
inverter {E} * A device to change one type of electrical
current to another. Frequently used to obtain 110 or 220
volts alternating current for operation of electric equipment
in an automobile.50. {D= ?; Es= invertidor; F=
transformateur}.
invertidor {Es} * see inverter {E}.
investigador {Es} * see reader; user {E}.
inviolability {E} * see inalienability.
IO {E} * acronym for image orthicon; input/output.
ion de thiosulfate résiduel {F} * see residual thiosulphate
ion {E}.
ion spot {E} * A spot on the fluorescent surface of a
cathode-ray tube, which is somewhat darker than the
surrounding area because of bombardment by negative
ions that reduce the sensitivity. {D= ?; Es= mancha iónica;
mancha oscura; F= spot ionique}.
ion trap {E} * An arrangement of magnetic fields and
apertures that will allow an electron beam to pass through
but will obstruct the passage of ions. {D= ?; Es= trampa
iónica (de iones); (dispositivo) atrapa iones; F= système
de blocage des ions}.
iones residuales de tiosulfato {Es} * see residual
thiosulphate ion {E}.
IPS {E} * acronym for inches per second.
IRE {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Institute of Radio Engineers;
see IEEE. see also échelle d'amplitude de moniteurs de
profil {F}.
IRE {D;E;F;Es} * acronym for Institute of Radio Engineers;
the acronyms IRE and IEEE remain in use
interchangeably; see also IEEE.
IRE scale {E} * A measurement of units of video
information on the waveform monitor graticule. One volt of
video is divided into 140 IRE units. {D= ?; Es= escala IRE;
F= échelle IRE}
Iris {D} * see diaphragm {E}.
iris-in/iris-out {E} * An old technique in motion picture film
production of punctuation which utilized a diaphragm in
front of the lens which was opened (iris in) or closed (iris

out) to begin or end a scene. The 'iris out' can also be
used to focus attention on a detail of the scene.(30.) {D=
?; abblenden; ausblenden; Es= abertura en iris; cierre en
iris; F= ouverture (graduelle) d'iris; fermeture (graduelle)
d'iris; fermeture à l'iris}.
iron oxide {E} * see ferric oxide.
ISB {D} * acronym for Internationale Standard-
Buchnummer {D}.
ISBN {E} * acronym for International Standard Book
Numbering.
ISO {E} * acronym for Organization for International
Standardization.
ISO 3901 {D;E;Es;F} * Abbreviation of International
Standard Recording Code (ISRC).
isolant optique {F} * see opto-isolator {E}.
isolated camera {E} * A video production technique where
one camera is selected for continuous use or recording
despite the use of multiple cameras for the balance of the
program. {D= ?; Es= repetidor de vídeo de cinta sin fin; F=
caméra isolée}.
ISRC {E} * acronym for International Standard Recording
Code.
ISRN {E} * acronym for International Standard Record
Numbering.
ISSN {E} * acronym for International Standard Serial
Numbering.
issue {E} * Those copies of an audio or moving-image
production that were offered for distribution and/or sale by
a specific source or combination of sources at a single
time.(12.) {D= Ausgabe; Es= emisión; envío; F= copie
(distribution / commercialisation)}.
issue number {E} * also known as order number. 1) The
number/s, letter/s, and/or other symbols assigned to a
publication by the publisher to establish a unique control
of a particular publication. 2) The number, different from
the matrix- master- or plate-number/s, assigned by the
publisher under which an item appears listed in
catalogues, leaflets, and other publicity material issued by
the company owning the rights to the recording. Usually
common to all parts of the issued item, appearing
generally on each part of a multi-part package as well as
on the container for the multiple parts. This number may
change when (if) one or more of the parts are reissued or
released again at a later date. Recordings have from time
to time been issued with the same issue number, both
inadvertently and deliberately. Dubbings are sometimes
assigned the original issue number, but frequently with a
variant prefix or suffix; also known as catalogue
number.(04.) {D= ?; Es= número de emisión; F= 1)
numéro de catalogue 2) numéro de matrice; numéro
d'écoulement; numéro d'ordre}.
IT-Band {D} * see music and effects track {E}.
item {E} * 1) A document, group of documents, or a part of
a document in any physical form, considered as an entity
and, as such, forming the basis for a single bibliographic
description.12. 2) The basic unit of arrangement and
description, usually bearing its own, unique reference or
call number; in the U.K., also called piece.(22.23.) {D=
Verzeichnungseinheit; Schriftstück; Stück; Einheit; Es=
documento; pieza; F= article; pièce}.
j ---
j card {E} * The liner notes card of an audio cassette
129
package; so called because when viewed from the side the
card looks like the letter 'j' due to the manner in which it is
folded to fit into the cassette container to provide both
cover and spine for the cassette package. {D= ?; Es=
tarjeta J; F= encart J; feuillet J}.
jack {E;Es} * 1) A socket into which connectors are
inserted to make electrical contact.39. 2) Receptacle or
plug connector leading to the input or output circuit of a
tape recorder or other component.50. {D= ?; Es=
conjuntor; F= fiche jack}.
jack de interconexión (de circuitos) {Es} * see patch jack
{E}.
jacket {E} * A flat container, as the jacket for a record, for
microfilm/fiche; see also album; dust jacket; film jacket;
slipcase. {D= ?; Es= envoltura; F= chemise}.
jacket {Es} * see microfilm jacket {E}.
jacket cover {E} * see dust jacket.
jacket de microfilm {Es} * see microfilm jacket {E}.
jacketed film {E} * see film jacket.
jam {E} * A stoppage of a film or tape recording or
playback because of film/tape wedged into the mechanism
of the equipment. {D= ?; Es= interferencia; interferir; F=
bourrage; blocage}.
jam sync {E} * A feature of a Time Code Generator which
allows it to strip and replace the original time code signal
on a videotape that matches the original address
information. {D= ?; Es= sincronización de interferencia; F=
resynchronisation; régénération synchro}.
jitter {D;E} * An unsteady film or television picture. Small
rapid variations in a video waveform due to mechanical
disturbances or to changes in the supply voltages, in the
characteristics of components, etc. {Es= fluctuación;
vibración (de la imagen); sacudidas (de la imagen); F=
fluctuations temporelles; instabilité}.
joints de diaphragme {F} * see diaphragm gaskets {E}.
joue {F} * see flange {E}.
joue de bobine {F} * see reel flange {E}.
journal télévisé {F} * see television news {E}.
JPEG {E} * acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group.
JPEG compression {E} * A scheme for compressing
digitized grey-scale and colour still-images. {D= ?; Es=
compresión JPEG; F= compression JPEG}.
juego de discos múltiple {Es} * see box (3) {E}.
juego de materiales {Es} * see kit {E}.
jump cut {E} * A moving-image production change which
is used to eliminate unwanted time in a scene, such as the
dead period between the time a character enters a room
and the time they reach their destination on the other side
of the room. Most jump cuts are unobtrusive because we
adjust to this 'lost' time automatically and psychologically,
but they may be intentionally inserted where they would be
apparent for particular reasons or purposes of the
production. {D= ?; Es= salto de imagen; F= faux raccord;
saut de montage}.
juntas para diafragmas {Es} * see diaphragm gaskets {E}.
juridiction archivistique {F} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.

juridiction en matière de succession des archives? {F} *
see archival succession {E}.
jurisdicción archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.
jurisdición archivística {Es} * see archival jurisdiction {E}.
k ---
k {E} * abbreviation for kilo.
Kalibrieren {D} * see calibrate {E}.
Kaltleim {D} * see cold-setting adhesive {E}.
Kalvar film {E} * see vesicular film.
Kamera {D} * see camera {E}.
Kamerawagen {D} * see dolly {E;Es}.
Kammfilter {D} * see comb filter {E}.
Kanal {D} * see channel {E}.
Kanaltrennung {D} * see separation; channel separation
{E}.
Kanalübersprechen {D} * see stereophonic crosstalk {E}.
Kante (Bande) {D} * see edge {E}.
kappen {D} * see truncate {E}.
Karton {D} * see box {E}.
Kassation {D} * see destruction {E}.
Kassette {D} * see cartridge; cassette {E;F}; magazine
{E;Es;F}.
Kasten {D} * see pan {E}.
Katalog {D} * see catalogue {E;F}.
katalogisieren {D} * see cataloguing {E}.
Katalognummer {D} * see catalogue number (cat. no.) {E}.
Katastrophenplan {D} * see disaster control plan {E}.
Kathodenstrahl-Röhre {D} * see cathode-ray tube (CRT)
{E}.
Keith Monk's record cleaning machine {E} * see vacuum
type record cleaning machine {E}.
Kelvin (grados) {Es} * see Kelvin {E}.
Kelvin {D;E} * see degrees Kelvin {E}.
Kern {D} * see core; hub {E}.
key {E} * The process of combining the picture from two
video sources which keeps the desired parts of the
individual pictures at 100 percent, by electronically
replacing portions of one signal with portions of another.
Keying can be done based on the relative luminance of the
various signals or the chrominance, as in chroma key. {D=
?; Es= llave; pulsador; interruptor; F= incrustation}.
key light {E} * The main light on a subject. Usually placed
at a 45° angle to the camera-subject plane; see also back
light; filler light; high key light. 'Cross-lighting' is lighting
from the side; 'Top lighting' is lighting from the top.(09.30.)
2) The lighting effect indicating the direction of the major
source of illumination in a video scene. {D= Grundlickt;
130
Es= luz base o principal; iluminación principal; F= lumière
de base; lumière dominante; éclairement sur le plan
principal; intention de la lumière}.
key numbers {E} * see edge numbers.
key title {E} * The unique name assigned to a serial by the
International Serials Data System and inseparably
associated with its ISSN.12. {D= ?; Es= título base o
principal; F= titre-clé}.
keystoning {E} * A distortion of a video display when the
top or bottom of the image is compressed or less than the
full width. {D= ?; Es= efecto trapecial; adovelamiento; F=
distorsion trapézoïdale de l'image}.
keyword {E} * A word or phrase, usually taken from the title
or text of the item, characterizing its content and facilitating
its retrieval; frequently used in context of a computer
database reference.(22.23.) {D/Ö= Schlagwort; D=
Stichwort; Es= palabra clave; F= mot clé; clé}.
kg {E} * abbreviation for kilogram.
kHz {E} * abbreviation for kiloHertz.
kilo {F} * see kilo- (k) {D;E}.
kilo- (k) {D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one thousand.
kiloHertz (kHz) {D;E;F} * 1,000 cycles per second.39. {Es=
kilohertzio}.
kilohertzio {Es} * see kiloHertz (kHz) {D;E}.
kine {E} * abbreviation for kinescope. {E;F} {D= ?; Es=
cinescopio; F= kiné; kinescope}.
kine {E} * see kinescope film.
kiné {F} * see kine {E}.
Kinematographie {D} * see cinemagraphic;
cinematography {E}.
kinescop {E} * see film-to-tape transfer {E}.
kinescope (à masque d'ombre) {F} * see shadow-mask
kinescope {E}.
kinescope {E;F} * abbreviated kine. 1) The process of
recording or transferring video to a 16 mm film by
displaying the video on a video monitor and scanning the
monitor face with a film camera. 2) The film produced by
this process. 3) A television picture tube. {D= ?; Es=
cinescopio}.
kinescope {F} * see also transfer {E}.
kinescope film {E;F} * 1) A particular type of motion picture
film made for optimum filming from a television
screen.(07.) 2) Blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive film,
characterized by high resolving power and sharpness,
used primarily for photographing images from cathode-ray
tubes (CRT) having either p-1 (blue) or p-16 (ultraviolet)
phosphors; also known as kines.(09.) {D= Fernsehfilm;
T.V.-Film; Filmaufzeichung (FAZ); Es= película
kinescópica; telefilm; kinescopio; F= téléfilm}.
kinescopio {Es} * see kinescope film {E;F}.
kino-eye {E} * One of the first cinema-verite approaches to
film aesthetics, developed by Dziga Vertov in the
1920s.(30.) {D= ?; Es= célula kinescópica; F= cinéma
vérité ?}.
Kinofilm {D} * see cinefilm {E}.

kit {E;F} * 1) An item containing two or more categories of
material, no one of which is identifiable as the predominant
constituent of the item; also designated 'multimedia item.'
2) A single-medium package of textual material (e.g., a
'lab' kit, a set of activity cards).03. {D= ?; Es= estuche;
juego de materiales; F= pochette}.
Klangregler {D} * see tone control {E}.
Klappe {D} * see clapper board {E}.
Klassifikation {D} * see classification {E;F}.
Klassifizieren {D} * see classification {E;F}.
Klavierrolle {D} * see piano roll {E}.
Klavierwalze {D} * see piano roll {E}.
Klebeband {D} * see splicing tape {E}.
Kleben {D} * see splicing {E}.
Klebepresse {D} * see splicer {E}.
Klebeschiene {D} * see splicer; splicing block {E}.
Klebeschiene für Tonbänder {D} * see splicer {E}.
Klebeverbindung {D} * see splicing {E}.
Klebstelle {D} * see splice {E}.
Klebstoff {D} * see adhesive {E}.
klimatische Betriebsbedingungen {D} * see operating
environment {E}.
klimatische Versandbedingungen {D} * see shipping
environment {E}.
Klinkenstecker {D} * see phone plug {E}.
knicken {D} * see buckle {E}.
Kobalt-dotiertes Oxid {D} * see cobalt-doped oxide {E}.
Kobaltdotierung {D} * see cobalt doping {E}.
Koerzitivkraft {D} * see coercivity {E}.
Köfferchen {D} * see box {E}.
Kohlezeichnung {D} * see charcoal drawing {E}.
kolloidal {D} * see colloid {E}.
Kommanditist {D} * see sponsor {E}.
Kompaktersystem {D} * see compact shelving {E}.
Kompaktkassette {D} * see compact cassette (CC) {E}.
Kompaktregal {D} * see compact shelving {E}.
Kompilation {D} * see compilation {E;F}.
Komponenten-Signaldarstellung {D} * see component
coding {E}.
Kompression {D} * see compression {E;F}.
Konservator {D} * see conservator {E}.
Konservierung .{D} * see archive conservation .{E}.
Konservierung {D} * see archive conservation;
conservation {E;F}. preservation {E;F}.
131
konstante Lineargeschwindigkeit {D} * see constant linear
velocity (CLV) {E}.
konstante Winkelgeschwindigkeit {D} * see constant
angular velocity (CAV) {E}.
Kontaktkopie {D} * see contact copy; contact paper {E}.
Kontaktkopieren {D} * see contact copy {E}.
Kontinuität {D} * see continuity {E}.
Kontrast {D} * see contrast {E}.
Kontrolliste {D} * see checklist {E}.
Konzentrizität {D} * see concentricity {E}.
Konzept {D} * see draft {E}.
Kopf {D} * see head {E}.
kopfbezogene Stereophonie {D} * see binaural {E}.
Kopfhörer {D} * see headphones {E}.
Kopfjustage {D} * see head alignment; zenith adjustment
{E}.
Kopfspuren {D} * see head banding {E}.
Kopfträger {D} * see mounting plate {E}.
Kopfverschmutzung {D} * see head clog {E}.
Kopie {D} * see copy; print; transfer {E}.
Kopiereffekt {D} * see echo {D;E}; print-through {E}.
Kopierung {D} * see printing {E}.
Koproducktion {D} * see co-production {E}.
Korn {D} * see grain {E;F}.
Kracker {D} * see static {E}.
Kracks {D} * see crackle {E}.
kraft paper {E} * A paper produced by a modified sulphate
process, and employing only wood pulp. It is a relatively
coarse paper and is known especially for its strength. Its
natural unbleached colour is brown, but it can be produced
in lighter shades of brown, cream tints, and white, by the
use of semi-bleached or fully bleached sulphate pulps.45.
{D= ?; Es= papel kraft; F= papier kraft; d'emballage}.
Kratzer {D} * see scratch {E}.
Kräuseln {D} * see cockle/cockling; curl/curling {E}.
Kreidezeichnung {D} * see chalk drawing {E}.
Kristallmikrophon {D} * see ceramic microphone; crystal
mic/mike {E}.
krümmen {D} * see buckle {E}.
Krytox {D;E;Es;F} * An industrial lubricant, made of
fluorocarbons by Dupont, used in conjunction with other
compounds to clean metallic media such as magnetic
tapes.(07.)
Kunstkopf {D} * see dummyhead {E}.
künstliche Alterung {D} * see accelerated ageing {E}.
Kunststoff {D} * see plastic {E}.

Kuppler {D} * see coupler {E}.
Kurbel {D} * see crank handle {E}.
kurtosis (degré de régularité d'un spectre) {F} * see
kurtosis {E}.
kurtosis {E} * The degree of relative peakedness or
flatness of a frequency distribution.01. {D= ?; Es= curtosis;
F= kurtosis (degré de régularité d'un spectre)}.
l ---
l-cassette {E} * see cassette.
la distribution {F} * see talent {E}.
la realización del orificio {Es} * see centring of disc (3) {E}.
label {E} * 1) Any affixed paper, plastic, slip, ribbon, etc.,
connected in a permanent manner at the time of
production by the manufacturer, creator, or the individual
responsible for the existence of the item.(04@a.22.) 2) In
disc sound recordings, normally a round paper disc affixed
to the centre, unrecorded surface of a disc recording and
containing some or all of the relevant artifact
documentation/identifying information (i.e., label name,
issue number, matrix number, take number, trade mark,
statement of creation and/or performance, title content
information, place/date of recording, publication/copyright
data, et al.); also known as record label.(04.) 3) In
automated data processing, a code use to identify an item
of data, an area of memory, a record, or a file.(22.) {D=
Etikett; Es= rotulación; identificación; tejuelo; etiqueta; F=
label; étiquette}.
laboratory {E} * An establishment organized and equipped
to provide services. In audiovisual archives these services
may be directed at such as research, re-recording or
duplication, or processing motion picture film, pro-ducing
pre-release duplicating inter-negatives, master positives,
duplicate negatives, and workprints, as well as completed
release prints for distribu-tion. {D= Laboratorium; Es=
laboratorio; F= laboratoire}.
laboratory applied edge numbering {E} * One of the ways
in which edge numbering is applied to motion picture film.
In this process the film is numbered in addition to the
numbering applied in the manufacturing process, generally
to the base side of the film with yellow ink opposite from
the manufacturer's numbering.(09.) {D= ?; Es= proceso de
laboratorio para numerar la película en sus bordes; F=
numéro de bord de laboratoire}.
laboratory film {E} * 1) Photographic film which is used to
produce the intermediate stages needed in the lab for
special effects, titling, etc., once a motion picture scene
has been captured on camera film and has been edited
from a workprint. The use of intermediate film also protects
the valuable original footage from potential damage during
the printing process.(09.) 2) The film used in the laboratory
to produce special effects, titling, etc. {D= ?; Es= película
de laboratorio; F= film de laboratoire}
Lackfolie {D} * see lacquer disc {E}.
lacquer disc {E} * A recording disc, either single or double
sided, made with a core of metal, glass, or fibre and
coated with a lacquer compound, usually acetate or
cellulose nitrate, into which grooves are cut; intended for
instantaneous recording. Following the use of a wax
master and until Direct Metal Mastering became prevalent
the lacquer disc was, also, the first step in the record
production procedure leading to final pressed recordings.
Before the introduction and acceptance of magnetic tape
it was the most widely used form of instantaneous
recording; also referred to as acetate disc {E/US}.(04.) {D=
132
Lackfolie; Selbstschnittfolie; Azetatplatte; Es= disco
laqueado; F= disque de laque}
lacune {F} * see void {E}.
lado emulsión {Es} * see emulsion side {E}.
lado soporte {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.
Ladung {D} * see charge {E}.
lag {E} * In a video camera tube, a persistence of the
electrical charge image for a small number of frames. The
visual effect is that the image of the scene remains for a
short time after the scene is changed. A camera tube with
lag is also referred to as being "sticky". {D= ?; Es= retraso;
retardo; retardación (de movimiento); F= traînage; défaut
de persistance sur le tube}.
Lagerbedingungen {D} * see storage environment {E}.
Lagersignatur {D} * see address {E;F}.
Lagerung 'auf Lücke' {D} * see honeycombing {E}.
Lagerung {D} * see storage {E}.
lagging {E} * see image retention.
laguna {Es} * see void {E}.
lame quart d'onde {F} * see quarter wave plate (QWP) {E}.
lame semi-transparente {F} * see beam splitter {E}.
lámina de acetato de celulosa * see cellulose acetate {E}.
laminación {Es} * see lamination {E}.
laminado por adhesión {Es} * see laminate adhesion {E}.
láminas transparentes {Es} * see celluloid {E;F}.
laminate adhesion {E} * The sticking together of layers of
a laminated recording achieved through the use of a
binder; see also delamination.04. {D= ?; Es= laminado por
adhesión; F= adhérence de spires; laminée}.
laminated disc {E} * A recording medium composed of
several layers of material held together by a binder. CDs,
Diamond Discs, and lacquer discs, for example, are
laminated.04. {D= laminierte Platte; Es= disco laminado;
F= disque laminé; disque feuilleté; laminé}.
lamination {E;F} * 1) A method of protecting or reinforcing
a weak or damaged document by enclosing it between two
sheets of thin tissue, attached to paper materials, for
example, by such measures as thermoplastic systems,
involving the use of a heated press to melt hot-melt
adhesives or cellulose acetate, and hand or solvent
lamination in which the adhesion is created by placing a
sheet of cellulose acetate between the tissue and the
document and applying acetone.(22.) 2) To make by
building up in layers. {D= Laminierung; Es= laminación}.
laminierte Platte {D} * see laminated disc {E}.
Laminierung {D} * see lamination {E}.
lámpara de 1000 vatios montada sobre un pedestal {Es}
* see can (1)(2)(3) {E}.
lámpara de arco {Es} * see arc lamp {E}.
lampe à arc {F} * see arc lamp {E}.
lampe à vide {F} * see vacuum tube {E}.

lampe de sécurité {F} * see safelight {E}.
lampe flood {F} * see scoop {E}.
Lampenkohle {D} * see carbon-arc lamps {E}.
land {E;F} * The reflective substrate between pits on the
CD data surface.39. {D= ?; Es= paso; sustrato reflectante
entre los agujeros pequeños de la superficie de los CD; F=
plat}.
langspiel {D} * see long-play (Lp) {E}.
Langspielplatte {D} * see long-play; long-playing record
(Lp) {E}.
Langspielplatte {D} * see long-playing record {E}.
Längsrichtung {D} * see longitudinal direction {E}.
lantern slide {E} * A positive transparency on a thin glass
or plastic 3¼ x 4-inch slide designed for projection,
originally by a magic lantern. {D= Glasbild; Diapositiv; Es=
diapositiva (de proyección); F= diapositive; cliché de
projection}.
lanterne à arc {F} * see arc lamp {E}.
lanterne magique {F} * see magic lantern {E}.
lanzadera {Es} * see shuttle {E}.
lanzamiento (bobinado y rebobinado de una cinta de vídeo
a alta velocidad) {Es} * see shuttle {E}.
lap dissolve {E} * see dissolve.
lap marks {E} * The longitudinal impressions on film
created by defective rollers during processing.01. {D= ?;
Es= marcos de superposición; F= marques; rayures
verticales}.
lap splice {E} * The joining of two pieces of film or tape
material together by overlapping the edges and cementing,
taping, or welding them together, frequently using a
splicer, so that they will function together as a single piece;
see also butt splice; heat splice.(40.) {D= ?; Es= empalme
de cinta; trozo de cinta empalmado; F= montage avec
recouvrement}.
larga duración {Es} * see long-play; long-playing record
(Lp) {E}.
largo de palabra {Es} * see word length {E}.
largometraje (en un pase, la película principal) {Es} * see
feed nut (1) {E}.
largometraje (en un pase, la película principal) {Es} * see
feature (1) {E}.
larguero {Es} * see upright {E}.
las pistas para el registrador {Es} * see channel (1, 2) {E}.
LASER {E} * acronym for light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation.
LASER diode {E} * see semi-conductor LASER.
LASER disc {E} * Includes CDs and video disc; may be
mass produced and pre-recorded, or blank and intended
for the user to record and only one copy is produced. The
content of these media is digitally encoded (except for
video on a video disc which is in analogue form) and
etched into a reflective layer on the disc in the form of
holes or pits (depressions). A LASER light beam is
focused on the disc as it revolves; where there are no
133
depressions, the light beam simply moves on; where there
are depressions, the light beam is reflected back into the
playback apparatus, which 'reads' the reflections and
eventually converts them back into an analogue signal for
playback; see also CD-ROM; compact disc; digital optical
recording; video disc.04. {D= Laserplatte; Es= disco láser;
F= disque laser}.
Laserplatte {D} * see LASER disc {E}.
LaserVision {D;E;Es;F} * The trade name for an optical
video disc format.39.
LAST {D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Liquid Archival Sound
Treatment.
lata {Es} * see can {E}.
latensification {F} * see post-flashing {E}.
latent image {E} * An invisible image contained on film or
paper prior to development. A negative exposed to light in
a camera or a print exposed under a negative contains an
invisible image referred to as a latent image. The image is
made visible by chemical development during
processing.43. The invisible image registered on a
phonographic emulsion due to the reaction produced in the
emulsion by exposure to light. (The image becomes visible
after development).09. {D= latentes Bild; Es= imágen
latente; F= image latente}.
latent image edge numbering {E} * One of two ways which
Kodak places edge numbers on its camera film (the other
being visible ink edge numbering), in which the film edge
is exposed by a printer mounted at the perforator to
produce an image visible only when the film is processed.
In addition to the edge numbers, also included are a
manufacturer's code for the type of film, the perforator, and
the equipment used to produce the product.(09.) {D= ?;
Es= numeración en el borde de la imagen latente (proceso
de la casa Kodak para numerar sus películas en los
bordes); F= numéro (de bord) de l'image latente}.
latent image fade {E} * The change in the effects of radiant
energy on a photosensitive surface which occurs during
the time between exposure and development. The amount
and rate of change depends on time, temperature,
humidity, storage conditions, and type of emu recording.
Sometimes called needlecut recording.(04.) {D=
Berlinerschrift-ufnahme; Seitenschrift-Aufnahme; Es= ?;
F= enregistrement latéral}.
lateral recording {E} * =Es= modulación [grabación] lateral
{Es}.
lateral recording {E} * Invented by Emile Berliner in 1887,
a recording process by which a stylus cuts a furrow or
groove of constant depth and lateral amplitudes into the
surface of a recording medium (wax disc, lacquer disc);
see also vertical recording. Sometimes called needlecut
recording.(04.) {D= Berlinerschrift-ufnahme; Seitenschrift-
Aufnahme; Es= modulación [grabación] lateral; F=
enregistrement latéral}
lateral reversal {E} * An image that has been reversed from
left to right, as in a mirror image. Many direct positive
images, such as daguerreotypes and tintypes, are laterally
reversed images. A camera negative is normally laterally
reversed (as well as inverted) and is oriented correctly in
the printing process.43. {D= ?; Es= inversión lateral; F=
inversion latérale (gauche - droite)}.
latitude d'exposition {F} * see exposure latitude {E}.
laufende Akten {D} * see current records {E}.
Laufmeter {D} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) {E}.

Laufzeit eines Films {D} * see screening {E}.
Lauge {D} * see alkali {E}.
Lautsprecher {D} * see loudspeaker; speaker {E}.
Lautstärke {D} * see volume {E;F}.
lavado {Es} * see washing {E}.
lavado de contracorriente {Es} * see countercurrent wash
{E}.
lavado de película con calidad de archivo {Es} * see
archival wash {E}.
lavage {F} * see countercurrent wash {E}.
lavage {F} * see washing {E}.
Lavendel {D} * see dupe positive {E}.
lavender {E; Es} * see dupe positive {E}.
layer-to-layer adhesion {E} * The bonding or clinging
together of adjacent layers of tape or film in a roll; see also
blocking.46. {D= ?; Es= adherencia entre vueltas
(consecutivas); F= adhérence couche à couche}.
layer-to-layer signal transfer {E} * see print through.
lazo de cinta magnetofónica {Es} * see binloop {E}.
LB {E} * acronym for low band.
LC MARC {E} * acronym for Library of Congress Machine
Readable Cataloging {sic!}.
LCD {E} * acronym for liquid crystal display.
LE {E} * acronym for life expectancy.
LE designation {E} * A rating of the life expectancy of a)
materials and b) recording materials and associated
retrieval systems. The number following the LE acronym is
a prediction of the minimum life expectancy in years for
which information can be retrieved without significant loss
when stored under extended term storage conditions (e.g.
LE-100 indicates that information can be retrieved after at
least 100 years of storage). {D= ?; Es= indicación de la
esperanza de vida (en materiales); F= indication de
l'espérance de vie}.
lead-in/lead-out {E} * The non-data programme grooves
preceding and succeeding the data programme on a disc.
The purpose of such grooves is to guide the pickup or tone
arm into the first recorded grooves and out of the last
recorded grooves; also known as run-in/run-out
grooves.(04.39.) {D= Einlauf-Auslauf-Rille; Es= línea (de
entrada) de antena; línea (de salida) de antena; F=
amorce de début/amorce de fin; amorçage; sortie}.
leader {E} * 1) A blank length of strip film or tape at the
beginning and/or end of such film/tape for identification
and/or handling. 2) A piece of black film used for spacing
in workprints or for threading equipment. 3) In optics, any
transparent system by which images may be formed
through the light-refracting properties of curved
surfaces.(04.09.) {D= Startband; Vorspann; Es= tira sin
imágenes que precede a la película; cola; F= amorce;
bande amorce}.
leader tape {E} * Special tough non-magnetic tape which
can be spliced to either end of a magnetic tape to prevent
its damage and possible loss of recorded material. White
or yellow in colour, it features a mark every 7½-inches
(white or yellow 'scotch' brand leader and timing tape no.
134
24). Used as a timing tape, therefore, it can be spliced
between musical selections to provides desired pauses
upon playback; also know as timing tape. NB Most
archivists recommend that no splices be allowed or
intentionally included in preservation materials.16. {D= ?;
Es= cinta de guía; F= bande amorce; ruban de guidage}.
leading edge of sync {E} * The descending slope of the
horizontal sync pulse that follows the front porch in a
television signal. {D= ?; Es= borde de guía de
sincronización; F= front de synchronisation}.
leakage {E} * see crosstalk.
least significant bit (LSB) {E} * The bit within a digital word
that is the least weighted.39. {D= ?; Es= bit [dígito] menos
significativo; F= bit le moins significatif}.
lebende Registratur {D} * see current records {E}.
Lebenserwartung {D} * see life expectancy (LE) {E}.
lecteur {F} * see player; reader; reproducer {E}.
lecteur à système flottant {F} * see floating reproducer {E}.
lecteur de disque optique {F} * see disc drive {E}.
lecteur de microformes {F} * see microform reader {E}
lecteur/reproducteur de microformes {F} * see
reader/printer {E}.
lector {Es} * see player; reader (1); user {E}.
lector acústico {Es} * see sound box {E}.
lector de disco (-s) {Es} * see disc drive {D;E}.
lector óptico de tres haces {Es} * see three-beam tracking
{E}.
Lector de Códigos de Tiempo {Es} * see Time Code
Reader (TCR) {E}.
lectura {Es} * see registration {E}.
lectura helicoidal {Es} * see helical scan {D;E}.
lecture {F} * see playback {D;E;Es;F}.
lecture hélicoïdale {F} * see helical scan {E}.
LED {E} * acronym for light emitting diode.39.
leer {Es} * see read {E}.
Leerband {D} * see blank tape {E}.
Leerrille {D} * see blank groove {E}.
legal deposit {E} * Under the law of various countries, the
piece/s of materials, usually publications, required to be
placed with one or more repositories (e.g. national libraries
or archives; major research facilities, etc.). The deposit
requirements vary consider-ably, with some countries
requiring deposit only of items published and offered for
sale to the public, others requiring deposit of all materials
available to the public for access, including items imported
from other countries and/or signals distributed over the
radio and television frequencies. Not to be confused with
deposit copy (copyright); see also deposit copy (copyright);
dépôt légal.(22.) {D= Abgabepflicht; Es= depósito legal; F=
dépôt légal}.
legal value {E} * The value of documents for the conduct
of current or future legal business and/or as evidence
thereof; see also administrative value; fiscal value.22.23.

{D= rechtlicher Wert; Beweiswert; Wert; Es= valor legal;
F= valeur légale}.
legislación sobre archivos {Es} * see archival legislation
{E}.
législation archivistique {F} * see archival legislation {E}.
lens {E} * An optical device consisting of ground or
moulded elements of glass or plastic that focuses light by
refraction.10. {F= lentille; D= ?; Es= ?}
lente {Es} * see lens {E}.
lente {Es} * see lens {E}.
lente anamórfica {Es} * see anamorphic lens {E}.
lente anastigmática {Es} * see anastigmatic lens {E}.
lente colimadora {Es} * see collimator lens {E}.
lente con recubrimiento antireflejante {Es} * see coated
lens {E}.
lente de foco variable (trafocador) {Es} * see objective lens
{E}.
lente de foco variable {Es} * see objective lens {E}.
lente tratada {Es} * see coated lens {E}.
lentes cilíndricas {Es} * see cylindrical lens {E}.
lentes planas {Es} * see flats {E}.
lentille achromatique {F} * see achromatic lens {E}.
lentille cylindrique {F} * see cylindrical lens {E}.
les média froid et chaud {F} * see cool and hot media {E}.
Lese- und Rückvergrößerungsgerät {D} * see
reader/printer {E}.
Lese-Kopf {D} * see playback head {E}.
Lesegerät {D} * see microform reader {E}.
leva {Es} * see cam {E}.
levantador de la cinta {Es} * see tape lifter {E}.
levantamiento del borde {Es} * see edge roll/lift {E}.
level {E} * Intensity or amplitude of a signal measured in
dBs.(04.) {D= Pegel; Es= nivel; F= niveau}.
level indicator {E} * A monitor or gauge which provides a
visual display of the volume at which the recording is being
made and serves as a warning against under or over
recording. It may be in the form of a neon bulb, 'magic
eye', a V/U-meter, or a LED (LCD) display; see also
achromatic lens; catadioptric lens; catoptric system;
chromatic aberration; V/U-meter.(04.50.) {D= ?; Es=
indicador de nivel; F= indicateur de niveau}.
level of catalogue {E} * see cataloguing level.
ley de reciprocidad {Es} * see reciprocity law {E}.
leyendas cerradas {Es} * see closed captioning {E}.
liaison {F} * see linkage {E}.
liaison montante {F} * see uplink {E}.
liaison terre/satellite {F} * see uplink {E}.
135
liant {F} * see binder {E}.
libranza {Es} * see draft {E}.
library shot {E} * Scenes or various other lengths of
moving-image footage from previous moving-image
productions which are used as inserts in subsequent
productions. {D= ?; Es= cinemateca; biblioteca de planos
(de fotos); F= plan d'archives; plan de cinémathèque}.
library wind {E} * A controlled fast forward wind of a
magnetic tape pack. {D= ?; Es= enrollado (de la cinta)
controlado; F= vitesse contrôlée}.
Libro Amarillo {Es} * see Yellow Book {D;E}.
Libro Rojo {Es} * see Red Book {D;E}.
Libro Verde {Es} * see Green Book {E}.
licencia obligatoria {Es} * see compulsory licence {E}.
Licht {D} * see light {E}.
Lichtbahn {D} * see beam {E}.
Lichtbestimmung {D} * see grading {E}.
Lichtbildreihe {D} * see filmstrip {E}.
Lichthahn {D} * see light valve {E}.
Lichttonwert {D} * see density {E}.
liegende Aufbewahrung {D} * see flat-filing; horizontal filing
{E}.
life expectancy (LE) {E} * 1) A projection of the length of
time that information is predicted to be retrievable in a
system under extended term storage conditions. 2) A
projection of the length of time that an item can be
reasonably expected to remain intact and carry-out its
intended functions. {D= Lebenserwartung; Es= duración
útil esperable; esperanza de duración (de vida); F=
espérance de vie}.
light {E} * The radiant energy visible to the human eye with
a wavelength between 400 and 700 nanometres (nm).(10.)
{D= Licht; Es= luz; energía radiante; F= lumière;
éclairage}.
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
(LASER) {D;E;Es;F} * An active electron device which
generates coherent, monochromatic light waves. All CD
players contain a semi-con-ductor LASER in their optical
pickup which converts input power into a intense beam of
coherent optical radiation.(46.39.)
light balancing filter {E} * see colour balance.
light box {E} * 1) A device with a back-lighted translucent
surface intended for inspecting film. 2) A device with a
back-lighted translucent surface intended for the
illumination of video test patterns when viewed through a
video camera. {D= ?; Es= caja de luz para película; F=
boîte à lumière; négatoscope}.
light damage slide rule {E} * A set of scales designed by
the Canadian Conservation Institute to measure the
damage light may inflict on an artifact, particularly to its
colours. The slide rule demonstrates the damage to
colours that will result from a particu-lar combination of
intensity and exposure and illustrates the results if one or
both factors are reduced. The light damage slide rule has
two sides, serving two functions: 1) to calculate light
damage to an artifact; and 2) to assist in selecting and
using appropriate bulbs in displays.07. {D= ?; Es= regla
luminosa para comprobación de daños en dispositivas; F=
charte lumineuse de diapositives (défauts lumineux)}.

light emitting diode (LED) {E} * A numerical or graphic
display device that emits light when the proper voltages
are applied. {D= ?; Es= diodo electroluminiscente; diodo
semiconductor; F= diode électroluminescente (LED)}.
light fugitive {E} * A characteristic of certain pigments and
dyes which are subject to fading by exposure to light.05.
{D= ?; Es= descoloración por laluz; F= fugitif à la lumière}.
light table {E} * A device with a front-lighted surface
intended for the illumination of photographic or other
graphic media and viewed through a video camera. {D= ?;
Es= negatoscopio [mesa luminosa]; F= table lumineuse}.
light valve {E} * Device for controlling colour quality of light
in a printer.09. {D= Lichthahn; Es= válvula (de luz); relé
óptico; F= lumière; relais optique; (-light); modulateur de
lumière}.
lightfast {E} * Ability of a material to resist fading upon
exposure to light.44. {D= ?; Es= estabilidad frente a la luz;
F= ?}.
lighting {E} * The process or procedure of providing light to
an area. {D= Beleuchtung; Ausleuchtung; Es= iluminacíon;
F= éclairage; lumière}.
lighting cameraman {E} * The British expression for
cinematog-rapher; see also cinematographer.30. {D= ?;
Es= director de fotografía; F= cadreur; directeur de la
photographie}.
lighting contrast ratio {E} * Relationship between key lights
and fill lights.09. {D= ?; Es= (grado de) contraste; F=
contraste}.
ligne {F} * see line {E}.
ligne centrale moyenne de la piste {F} * see mean track
centreline {E}.
ligne de fabrication {F} * see mono-line {E}.
ligne droite (de la caractéristique de densité) {F} * see
straight line {E}.
limaduras de hierro {Es} * see swarf {E}.
limitador {Es} * see clipping (2) {E}.
limite de fluage {F} * see yield strength {E}.
límite aparente de elasticidad {Es} * see yield strength {E}.
límite elástico {Es} * see yield strength {E}.
limpieza {Es} * see cleaning {E}.
limpieza de bobinado {Es} * see winder-cleaner {E}.
limpieza ultrasónica {Es} * see ultrasonic cleaning {E}.
line {E} * 1) One of the traces of a television scanning
beam. 2) A conductor of electrical energy, such as a wire.
3) A camera-positioning reference plane in moving-image
productions.(10.) {D= ?; Es= línea; circuito; F= ligne}.
línea (de entrada) de antena {Es} * see lead-in/lead-out
{E}.
línea (de salida) de antena {Es} * see lead-in/lead-out {E}.
línea {Es} * see line {E}.
línea central de lectura de la pista (de grabación) {Es} *
see mean track centreline {E}.
línea de retorno {Es} * see retrace {E}.
136
línea recta {Es} * see straight line {E}.
linéaire {F} * see flat response {E}.
linéaire {F} * see linear {D;E}; liner notes {E}.
linear {D;E} * 1) In electronics, a circuit in which the output
is directly proportional to the input; see also
distortion.(39.10.) 2) Of, made of, or using a line or lines.
{Es= circuito de ajuste de línea; F= linéaire}.
linear distortion {E} * Deviations from the ideally equal
sensitivity for all frequencies; see also distortion;
modulation distortion; non-linear distortion. {D= lineare
Verzerrung; Es= distorsión de línea; F= distorsion linéaire}.
linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) {E} * A measurement, for
descriptive and control purposes, usually applied to shelfface
space occupied, or to be occupied, by
materials.(22.23.) {D= Regalmet-er; Laufmeter; Es= pies;
metros lineales; F= pieds/mètres linéaire; linéaire}.
linear metres (LnMt) {E} * see linear feet/linear metres
(LnFt/LnMt).
linear mode {E} * The presentation of information in a fixed
sequence, uninfluenced by the recipient.(10.) {D= ?; Es=
modo lineal; F= mode linéaire}.
linear PCM {E} * A pulse code modulation (PCM) system
in which the signal is converted directly to a PCM word
without compounding, or other processing.39. {D= ?; Es=
modulación (en línea) de impulsos cuantificados; F= MIC
linéaire}.
linear reflectance chart {E} * A table with the steps of grey
scales in linear relationship used to align and measure the
transfer characteristics of television camera systems; see
also test pattern.(10.) {D= ?; Es= ?; F= charte de
réflectance}.
linearity {E} * The extent to which the magnitude of the
reproduced output is directly proportional to the magnitude
of the signal applied to the input of the recorder.46. {D=
Linearität; Es= linearidad; F= linearité}.
linearity chart {E} * A chart used to adjust the linearity of a
video camera. Also called a ball chart. {D= ?; Es= tarjeta
[carta] de linearidad; F= charte de linéarité}.
liner {E} * see album; sleeve; slipcase.
liner notes {E} * Commentary and explanatory information
about the contents, performers, and/or recording
circumstances printed on, attached to, or inserted in, the
container in which a recording is distributed.(04.) {D=
Covertext; Müllentext; Es= texto de la carátula; F=
commentaires; linéaire}.
linkage {E} * A moving-image production term used to refer
to the simplest kinds of montage; see also editor.30. {D=
?; Es= enlace; encadenamiento; F= montage simple;
liaison}.
linking groove {E} * see cut.
lino {Es} * see lint {E}.
lint {E} * Fine bits of thread, yarn, or other loose fibres
which separate from the raw material. {D= ?; Es= lino; F=
linters}.
linterna de proyección {Es} * see magic lantern {E}.
linterna mágica {Es} * see magic lantern {E}.
linters {F} * see lint {E}.

liofilización {Es} * see freeze drying {E}.
lip sync {E} * Words matching the mouth movements of
on-camera talent. {D= ?; Es= sincronización del diálogo
(sonido) con las imágenes; F= synchronisation labiale}.
lipping {E} * see edge curl.
liquid crystal display (LCD) {E} * A way of producing
characters onto a screen by reflecting light on a
specialized substance; a semi-conductor display of
numerical or graphical information, requiring ambient light
or back-lighting.39. {D= ?; Es= indicador visual de cristal
líquido; F= affichage à cristaux liquides (LCD)}.
liquid gate printing {E} * A film copying or duplicating
system in which the original is immersed in a suitable
liquid (i.e., with similar refractive light to the film emulsion
or its base) at the time of exposure; generally used to
reduce the surface scratches and abrasions of the source
film; also known as wet gate printing. {D= Nasskopie; Es=
copia humeda; ; F= copie sous liquide; tirage humide}.
liquid gate printing {E} * A film copying or duplicating
system in which the original is immersed in a suitable
liquid (i.e., with similar refractive light to the film emulsion
or its base) at the time of exposure; generally used to
reduce the surface scratches and abrasions of the source
film; also known as wet gate printing. {D= Nasskopie; Es=
copia húmeda; F= tirage humide; F/Es= copie sous
liquide}.
liquid gate transfer {E} * A film to magnetic tape transfer
process in which the film is immersed in a suitable liquid
while in the film gate. The liquid reduces the surface
scratches and abrasions on the base side of the source
film.; also known as wet gate transfer. {D= ?; Es=
transferencia en medio líquido; F= transfert en milieu
liquide}
lire {F} * see read {E}.
liso {Es} * see flat {E}.
lissage {F} * see bone (the action of boning) {E}.
list {E} * 1) An enumeration of materials at the level of
record/archive groups, classes, series, items, or
documents and, also, of holdings, accessions, finding aids,
etc., compiled for purposes of control and/or information;
see also cataloguing.(22.23.) 2) In U.S., also means the
retail price of an item. {D= Liste; Es= inventario; lista;
relación; elenco; F= liste; bordereau}.
lista {Es} * see list {E}.
lista {Es} * see list {E}.
lista de decisiones de montaje {Es} * see edit decision list
(EDL); EDL {E}.
lista de edición final {Es} * see way-off-line {E}.
listado de sonidos y efectos especiales {Es} * see spotting
(1) {E}.
listage des séquences son {F} * see spotting {E}.
liste {F} * see list {E}.
liste de contrôle {F} * see checklist {E}.
liste de décisions de montage {F} * see edit decision list
(EDL) {E}.
liste de premiers interprètes {F} * see created roll (CR) {E}.
Liste {D} * see list {E}.
137
listening tubes {E} * see hearing tubes.
literary archives/records {E} * 1) Materials, including
papers, manuscripts, sound recordings, still- and movingimages,
et al., and publications of same, of individual
authors, literary organiza-tions, and/or institutions. 2)
Archives responsible for the acquisition, preservation, and
communication of such archives.(22.23.) {D=
Literaturarchiv/e; Es= archivo/s litreario/s; F= archives
littéraires}.
Literaturarchiv/e {D} * see literary archives/records {E}.
lithograph {E} * A printing method developed in Germany
in the late 1700s in which an image is applied to a stone or
metal plate, which is then washed with an acid so that the
applied ink will adhere only to the image portion of
stone/metal plate. {D= ?; Es= litografía; F= lithographie}.
lithographie {F} * see lithograph {E}.
litografía {Es} * see lithograph {E}.
Little Nipper {D;E;Es;F} * The name given to the dog
appearing in the painting, His master's voice, trademark of
the Berliner Co., adopted by various sub-parts of the
company (Victor Talking Machine Co., HMV, etc.).
live {D;E} * 1) A modifier which describes information
which is recorded and/or processed as it occurs.(06.) 2) In
television productions, live means to transmit or broadcast
the signal as it occurs. {D= ?; Es= emisión en directo [en
vivo]; 1) directo; F= direct}
live animation {E} * Animation accomplished by moving an
object or subject slightly between each frame.10. {D= ?;
Es= proceso de animación; F= procédé d'animation}.
Livre jaune {F} * see Yellow Book {D;E}.
Livre rouge {F} * see Red Book {D;E}.
Livre vert {F} * see Green Book {E}.
livres par point {F} * see pounds per point {E}.
livret {F} * see booklet {E}.
lkaline reserve {E} * Buffer or reserve of an alkaline
substance added to materials to counteract acid. Usually
three percent precipitated calcium or magnesium
carbonate by weight of the material to which it is being
added. Soaking paper materials in a solution of calcium
bicarbonate or magnesium bicarbonate adds a small
amount of calcium or magnesium bicarbonate which
neutralizes any acid present and also provides a reserve
to counteract acid which may enter the paper at some
future time. Paper materials which are to remain acid free
for long periods of time, e.g., 500 years, should have
approximately three percent precipitated carbonate by
weight; see also buffer; buffering; deacidification; diethyl
zinc; double decomposition; vapor-phase deacidification;
permanent paper.(45.) {D= Reserve; Alkalische; Es=
reserva alcalina; F= réserve alcaline}.
llave {Es} * see key {E}.
llave croma {Es} * see chroma key {E}.
llave de color {Es} * see colour key {E}.
llave de manipulación de la luminancia {Es} * see
luminance key {E}.
llorado del donido {Es} * see tilt shot {E}.
llorado del sonido {Es} * see wow {E}.

llorado y centelleo (variación de velocidad) {Es} * see wow
and flutter {E}.
lluvia {Es} * see rain {E}.
lm {E} * abbreviation for lumen.
LnFt {E} * abbreviation for linear feet.
LnMt {E} * abbreviation for linear metres.
load {E} * 1) In computer programming, the entry of data
into storage or working registers. 2) In video productions,
load means to insert or thread the videotape into or onto
its videotape machine. {D= ?; Es= cargar (la película;
datos); F= chargement}.
loan {E} * The temporary physical transfer of materials
from their storage location for any purpose, i.e., reference,
consultation, reproduction, research, exhibition, or
restoration or preservation purposes.(22.23.) {D= Ausleihe;
Entlehnung; Es= préstamo; F= prêt; *communication avec
déplacement}.
local de stockage de films à humidité et température
contrôlées {F} * see vault {E}.
local loop {E} * see loop {E}.
location {E} * In video productions, a recording or
broadcast that occurs from any place other than the studio
is termed to be an origination from a “location.” The crew
is said to be "on-location" or "at a remote site". {D= ?; Es=
(rodaje en) exteriores?; F= en extérieur (tournage); en
décor naturel}
location {F} * see also address {E;F}
Lochestreifen {D} * see punched card {E}.
Lochkarte {D} * see punched card {E}.
locked groove {E} * see concentric groove.
locutor {Es} * see speaker (2) {E}.
logic {E} * Systematized rules or interconnections of digital
switch-ing circuits.39. {D= ?; Es= lógica; F= logique}.
lógica {Es} * see logic {E}.
logical {Es} * see software {E}.
logical block {E} * A group of 2n + 9 bytes treated as a
logical unit, where n equals 0 or a positive integer.20. {D=
?; Es= bloque lógico; F= bloc logique}.
logicial {Es} * see software {E}.
logiciel {F} * see solarization {E}.
logiciel par menu {F} * see menu-driven {E}.
logiciel{F} * see software {D;E}.
logique {F} * see logic {E}.
loi de réciprocité {F} * see reciprocity law {E}.
lomo {Es} * see spine {E}.
long shot {E} * In a moving-image production, the full
figures of the subjects, see also full shot.30. {D= Totale;
Es= plano largo; F= plan longue focale; d'ensemble}.
long-play; long-playing record (Lp) {E}.* A comparative
term to describe the length or duration of a recording
(originally applied to sound recordings, and now to video)
138
of greater duration than was previously available. The term
has been used since the early days of the 20th century,
first by the British company, Neophone, for its 20-inch
vertical cut discs. Others which have used the phrase
include Edison's Long Playing Disc Records of 1926 (10
and 12-inch microgroove 80-RPM discs with a playing time
of up to twelve and twenty minutes, respectively); Victor's
standard groove 33a-RPM Long Playing Records of 1932;
and Columbia's microgroove 33a-RPM Lp. of
1948.(14.) 2) In usage since 1948, an analogue audio disc
recording with a playing time of substantially over five
minutes, normally referring to a 10 or 12-inch diameter,
33a-RPM microgroove disc introduced by Columbia in
1948; also called an Lp. 3) An extended play video tape,
generally four hours or longer. 4) The four (4) hour speed
on a VHS videocassette recording when using a T120
cassette; see also standard play; super long-play.(35.) {D=
Langspielplatte; Es= grabación de larga duración; larga
duración; F= microsillon; enregistrement longue durée;
longue durée}
long-playing record {E} * see long-play; long-playing record
(Lp) {E}.
long-term film {E} * Film suitable for the preservation of
records for a minimum of one hundred years when stored
properly, if the original film were processed correctly; see
also archival film; medium-term film; and short-term
film.40. {D= ?; Es= película de conservación a largo plazo;
F= film de conservation à long terme}.
longeur d'onde {F} * see wave length (w) {E}.
longitud de onda {Es} * see wave length (w) {E}.
longitud de palabra {Es} * see word length {E}.
longitud del rayo óptico {Es} * see optical path length {E}.
longitudinal curvature {E} * Deformation, usually warping
or stretching, but any deviation from straightness, of a
length of magnetic tape or strip film along its length. Most
generally caused by pressure from winding and storing the
tape/film under tension. This is permanent deformation
which impairs the reproductive quality of the
film/tape.(04.46.) {D= ?; Es= curvatura longitudinal; F=
courbure longitudinale}.
longitudinal direction {E} * Along the length of the film or
tape.(46.) {D= Längsrichtung; Es= dirección longitudinal;
F= direction longitudinale}.
longitudinal time code (LTC) {D;E} ** SMPTE/ANSI TIME
CODE was developed to identify the individual frames of
video and has two formats, the longitudinal time code
(LTC) and the vertical interval time code (VITC). {Es=
código de tiempo longitudinal; F= piste longitudinale de
codage temporel}.
longue durée {F} * see long-play; long-playing record (Lp)
{E}.
loop {E} * A length of audio tape moving-image film or tape
that is joined together at both ends in order to permit
playback without rewinding.(12.) 2) A video term referring
to a relatively short distribution cable between two intercity
points; also called a local loop. {D= Filmschleife;
Filmschlaufe; Endlosschleife; Schleife; Es= cinta sin fin;
bucle (de la película); F= boucle de distribution}.
looping {E} * A technique of post-dubbing in film and
magnetic tape media wherein a few seconds of film or tape
are formed into a loop and projected/played over and
over.(30.) {D= ?; Es= doblaje; F= séquense en boucle}.
loose debris {E} * In film or magnetic tape recording,
material very lightly bonded to the tape, film, or associated
playback surfaces (for example, the head surface of

magnetic machines) which is removable by the film or tape
motion.46. {D= Bandabrieb; Abrieb; Es= deshechos
desmontables (restos deshechables); F= perte de débris}.
loose insert {E} * see insert.
loose pack {E} * A modifier which describes an undesired
means of reeling or rolling film or tape materials in which,
by pulling on the end of the tape or film the outer portion of
the roll can be easily rotated.(06.) {D= loser Wickel; Es=
bobinado flojo; F= déformation par enroulement; perte de
débris; par enroulement}.
loudness control {E} * Sometimes known as contour. In
audio recording, a system which compensates for loss of
tones at the extreme end of the audio range when listening
at soft volumes or through small speakers. A typical
control of this sort will usually boost the bass.50. {D= ?;
Es= control de sonoridad; F= correction de spectre
sonore}.
loudspeaker {E} * An acoustic transducer to convert
electrical signals into mechanical movement of the air;
most commonly (electro-) dynamic, sometimes
electrostatic (condenser) transducers are used; see also
speaker. {D= Lautsprecher; Es= altavoz; F= haut-parleur}.
low contrast {E} * A relationship of image tones in which
the light and dark areas are represented by small
differences in density.40. {D= ?; Es= bajo contraste; F=
faible contraste}.
low frequency {E} * The audio frequencies between 30 and
300 Hz. {D= tiefe Frequenz; Es= baja frecuencia; F= basse
fréquence; basse}.
low frequency distortion {E} * 1) In audio, distortion that
occurs between 30 and 300 Hz. 2) In television, distortion
that occurs below 15,750-Hz line frequency.(10.) {D=
Verzerrungen im tiefen Frequenzbetreich; Es= distorsión
de baja frecuencia; F= distorsion basse fréquence}.
low key light {E} * see key lighting, high or low.
low noise tape {E} * Magnetic tape with a signal-to-noise
ratio three to five dB better than conventional tapes,
accomplished by noise reduction rather than increased low
frequency output, making it possible to record sound
(especially wide frequency-range music) at reduced tape
speeds without objectionable background noise (hiss) and
without compromising fidelity.16. {D= ?; Es= cinta de bajo
nivel de ruido; F= bande faible bruit}.
low print tape {E} * Magnetic tape with a high resistance to
signal print through. {D= Band mit hoher Lopierdämpfung;
Band mit geringem Kopiereffekt; Es= cinta de bajo nivel de
impresión; F= bande faible effet de copie}.
low resolution {E} * A picture with definition below the 400
x 300 pixels presented by normal NTSC colour television.
{D= ?; Es= baja resolución; F= basse résolution}.
low-pass filter {E} * A filter with a characteristic that allows
all fre-quencies below a specified roll-off frequency to pass
and attenuates all frequencies above. Anti-aliasing and
anti-imaging filters are low-pass filters.39. {D=
Tiefpaßfilter; Es= filtro pasabajos; filtro de paso bajo; F=
filtre passe bas}.
lowband (LB) {D;E} * 1) In quadruplex video recording,
pertaining to those frequencies specified in SMPTE
Recommended Practice RP 6, Practice LBM, or LBC. 2)
Pertaining to video recordings made in accordance to the
above cited SMPTE Recommended Practice. 3) Pertaining
to equipment capable of making video recordings in
accordance to the above cited SMPTE Recommended
Practice. 4) The carrier frequency appearing on a tape
made in accordance with such practices.(10.) {Es= banda
139
baja; F= basse fréquence ? (vidéo quadruplex)}.
lowband standard {D;E} * The specifications for quadruplex
video recording practices specified in SMPTE
Recommended Practice RP 6, Practice LBMN, or
LBC.(10.) {Es= estándar de banda baja; F= norme basse
fréquence}.
Lp (Lp) {E} * acronym for Long-playing record.
LSB {E} * acronym for least sig
lubricant {E} * 1) A substance which can be applied to
materials to make them run more smoothly and/or be more
slippery. 2) In motion picture film media, a substance
applied to film so that it can perform satisfactorily in a
projector; see also edge waxing.(09.) {D= Gleitmittel; Es=
lubricante; F= lubrifiant}.
lubricante {Es} * see lubricant {E}.
lubrifiant {F} * see lubricant {E}.
lubrification par cirage {F} * see edge waxing {E}.
lubrification par cirage {F} * see edge waxing {E}.
luces de estudio {Es} * see set light {E}.
Luftaufnahme {D} * see aerial photograph {E}.
Luftbefeuchtung {D} * see humidification {E}.
Lufttrocknung {D} * see air drying {E}.
lumen (LM) {D;E;Es;F} * The light or flux received on an
area of one square foot contained on a sphere of radius
one foot (or on an area of one square metre contained on
a sphere of radius one metre) from a point source having
a uniform luminous intensity of one candela.07. {Es=
unidad de flujo luminoso}.
lumen {F} * see lumen (LM) {D;E}.
lumen-per square foot {E} * see footcandle {E}.
lumen-per square metre {E} * see lux.
lumière {F} * see light; lighting {E}.
lumière ambiante {F} * see ambient light {E}.
lumière au tungstène {F} * see tungsten light {E}.
lumière d'ambiance {F} * see ambient light {E}.
lumière d'appoint {F} * see fill light {E}.
lumière de base {F} * see key light {E}.
lumière diffuse {F} * see broad light {E}.
lumière dominante {F} * see key light {E}.
lumière inactinique {F} * see safelight; safelight {E}.
lumière incidente {F} * see incident light {E}.
lumière indirecte {F} * see bounce light {E}.
lumière infrarouge {F} * see infrared light {E}.
lumière infrarouge {F} * see infrared lights {E}.
lumière noire {F} * see black light {E}.
lumière oblique {F} * see oblique light {E}.

lumière réfléchie {F} * see bounce light {E}.
lumière réfléchie {F} * see reflected light {E}.
lumière sans relief {F} * see flat lighting {E}.
lumière transmise {F} * see transmitted light {E}.
lumière ultra violet {F} * see ultraviolet light (UV) {E}.
luminaires {F} * see luminaries {E}.
luminance {E;F} * 1) The intensity or brightness component
of an elec-tronic image.39. 2) The measured value of
brightness; the reflected light measured on motion picture
screens.09. 3) The black and white component of a video
picture; see also chroma.(35.) 4) The black and white
portion of a video signal. As the luminance is increased the
picture appears lighter. 2) Luminance is determined by the
amount of white light in an image. {D= ?; Es= lumnancia;
brillo fotométrico}.
luminance {F} * see luminance key {E}.
luminance key {E} * A video special effect in which a new
video signal is inserted into and replaces a portion of the
original as determined by a variable luminance value. {D=
?; Es= llave de manipulación de la luminancia; F=
insertion; luminance}.
luminance ratio {E} * The measured value of brightness or
the reflected light measured on motion picture screens.09.
{D= Luminanz; Es= ?; F= indice de luminance.}.
Luminanz {D} * see luminance {E}.
luminarias {Es} * see luminaries {E}.
luminaries {E;F} * A light emitting fixture used in television
production. {D= ?; Es= luminarias; F= luminance}.
lumination {F} * see exposure {E}.
lumination {F} * see exposure {E}.
luminescent panel {E} * A flat luminescent surface which
is divided into a multitude of individual cells, which
becomes the pixels of a video display device. {D= ?; Es=
pantalla luminiscente; F= panneau luminescent}.
lumineux {F} * see bright {E}.
luminosidad {Es} * see brightness {E}.
luminosité {F} * see brightness {E}.
luminous flux {E} * A quantity expressing the capacity of
the radiant flux to produce visual sensation. The unit of
luminous flux is the lumen.25. {D= ?; Es= flujo luminoso;
F= flux lumineux}.
luz ambiente {Es} * see broad light {E}.
luz base o principal {Es} * see key light {E}.
luz de arco {Es} * see arc light {E}.
luz de positivado {Es} * see printer lights {E}.
luz de relleno {Es} * see fill light; filler light {E}.
luz de seguridad {Es} * see safelight {E}.
luz de tungsteno {Es} * see tungsten light {E}.
luz existente {Es} * see existing light {E}.
luz incidente {Es} * see incident light {E}.
140
luz infrarroja {Es} * see infrared light {E}.
luz infrarroja {Es} * see infrared light {E}.
luz negra {Es} * see black light {E}.
luz oblicua {Es} * see oblique light {E}.
luz para iluminar cicloramas {Es} * see cyc light {E}.
luz reflejada {Es} * see bounce light; reflected light {E}.
luz reflejada desde los ojos {Es} * see eye light {E}.
luz transmitida {Es} * see transmitted light {E}.
luz ultravioleta (UV) {Es} * see ultraviolet light (UV) {E}.
m --m
.{D;E;Es;F} * abbreviation for mega-.
M .{D;E;Es;F} * The standard for television containing 525
lines and 30 frames per second; the NTSC standard.(10.)
M II .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A professional, digital video tape
recording format with component signal coding using ½inch
MP tape in cassette. 2) A second generation M format
videotape system.10.
M II (formato Panasonic) .{Es} * see MII .{E}.
M-format .{E} * see M .{D;E;Es;F}.
MAC .{E;Es;F} * acronym for multiple analogue
component. .{D= ?}.
MAC de alta definición .{Es} * see HDMAC .{E}.
MAC format .{E} ** A channel coding format for wideband
satellite transmissions of HDTV. It's predecessor was the
MUSE system; see MAC, MUSE, & HDTV. .{D= ?; Es=
formato MAC; F= format MAC}.
MacGuffin .{D;E;Es;F} * Alfred Hitchcock's term for the
device or plot element which catches the viewer's attention
or drives the logic of the plot, especially in suspense films.
According to Hitchcock, the macguffin can be discarded
soon after it has served its purpose.30.
machine à perforer pour éliminer le bruit de collure .{F} *
see blooping machine .{E}.
machine de nettoyage des disques par le vide .{F} * see
vacuum type record cleaning machine .{E}.
machine parlante .{F} * see talking machine .{E}.
machine speed .{E} * 1) The velocity of equipment. 2) In
film-readable records .{E} * Documents, usually in code,
recorded on a medium such as magnetic disk, magnetic
tape, punched card, whose contents are accessible only
by machine and organized in accordance with the principle
of provenance as distinct from data archive; also called
electronic records, computer readable records.(22.) .{D=
maschinenlesbare Dokumente; maschinenlesbare Archive;
Es= documentos legibles por máquina; F=archive
informatiques;}.
machine-readable records/archives .{E} *
Records/archives, usually in code, recorded on a medium
such as a magnetic disk, magnetic tape, or punched card,
whose contents are accessible only by machine and
organized in accordance with the principle of prove-nance
as distinct from data archive/s.(22.23.) .{D=
maschinenlesbare Dokumente; maschinenlesbare Archive;
Es= archivos legibles por máquina; documentos legibles
por máquina; F= enregistrements accessibles par

machine; archive enregistrées; archives informatiques}.
machines parlantes .{F} * see talkeries .{E}.
macho .{Es} * see plug .{E}.
macroscopic .{E} * Large enough to be read without
magnification, e.g., heading or title information on
microfiche.40. .{D= ?; Es= macroscópico; F=
macroscopique}.
macroscópico .{Es} * see macroscopic .{E}.
macroscopique .{F} * see macroscopic .{E}.
madre .{Es} * see mother .{E}.
magasin .{F} * see magazine .{E;Es;F}.
magasin de stockage .{F} * see stacks .{E}.
Magazin .{D} * see magazine .{E;Es;F}.
Magazin/e .{D} * see stacks .{E}.
magazine .{E;Es;F} * 1) In motion picture film work, a lightproof
container which feeds raw film stock through a
motion picture camera and which takes it up after
exposure.09. 2) A storage area. .{D= 1) Kassette; 2)
Magazin; Es= 1) cargador; almacén; bombo; 2) magazine;
revista cinematográfica; 1) compartimento portacarrete;
bombo; chasis; 2) revista cinematográfica ; F= magasin;
chargeur; cassette}.
Magazinierung .{D} * see shelving .{E}.
magenta .{E;Es;F} * The colour blue-red; the
complementary colour to green or the minus-green
subtractive primary used in the three-colour reproduction
pro-cesses.(09.) .{D= purpur}.
magic lantern .{E} * One of the first projection systems,
invented in the 17th century by Athanasius Kircher,
consisting of a metal box with a hole in one side covered
by a lens; an image painted on a glass slide placed behind
the lens is projected by means of a lamp inside the
box.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= linterna mágica; linterna de
proyección; F= lanterne magique}.
magnesium bicarbonate .{E} * A bicarbonate used in
deacidifying papers. The bicarbonate is produced by
passing carbon dioxide (CO2) through a solution of
magnesium carbonate. The document to be deacidified is
immersed in a bath or sprayed with a solution of about 10
grams of magnesium carbonate per litre of water that has
been treated with CO2. The advantage of this method is
that it is simple and effective; see also barrow process;
deacidification.45. .{D= ?; Es= bicarbonato magnésico; F=
carbonate de magnésium}.
magnetic disk {E} * A flat, round, generally thin analogue
or digital storage medium consisting of a magnetically
chargeable material or coating substrate which can store
data such as magnetic patterns; used mainly for personal
computers; see also magnetic tape.(22.39.) {D=
Magnetplatte; Es= disco magnético; F= disque
magnétique}
magnetic flux density .{E} * see maximum intrinsic flux
density.
magnetic instability .{E} * see instability.
magnetic particles .{E} * Small pieces of material held in
suspension in the binder of magnetic tape which can take
and hold a magnetic charge. .{D= ?; Es= partículas
magnéticas; F= particules magnétiques}.
141
magnetic tape .{E} * A flat, thin strip of material either
capable of being magnetically charged, or coated with
particles capable of being magnetically charged, which is
used for recording analogue or digital data.(22.) Coated
materials are frequently gamma ferric oxide or chromium
dioxide; some newer tapes use actual metal particles. The
particles are usually of acicular shape, approach single
domain size, and are held in a binder and lubricated.46.
Magnetic tape is stored on reels, in cassettes, and in
cartridges. Standard width audio tape is ¼-inch, but
compact cassette tape is .15-inch and video tape ranges
from 8-mm to 2-inches in width. In film use it also comes
in various formats compatible with super 8-mm, 16-mm,
and 35-mm widths.(04.09.) .{D= Band; Magnetophonband;
Magnetband; Es= banda magnética; cinta [banda]
magnética (específicamente); F= bande magnétique}.
magnetic tape base .{E} * The varied thickness backing for
magnetic tape, usually acetate tape or polyester tape, but
also paper, to which the coating of magnetic particles is
applied.(01.) .{D= Bandträgermaterial; Es= cinta [banda]
magnética (genéricamente); F= support de bande
magnétique}.
magnetic track .{E} * Audio data, intended to accompany
a moving-i-mage production, which has been recorded
onto a film or tape that has been coated with a mag-netic
recording medium.(09.) .{D= Magnetspur; Es= pista
magnética ; F= piste magnétique}.
magnetic wire .{E} * A means of magnetic recording
patented by Danish inventory Valdemar Poulsen in 1900
utilizing stainless steel line or wire. The wire is magnetized
as it passes over the wire recorder head. Principal
problems include mechanical breakage, tangling and
snarling of the wire, and rusting and breakage of the
wire.Considered obsolete since the wide acceptance of
magnetic tape, the signal-to-noise ration of wire recording
is considerably less that for magnetic tape.(04.) .{D=
Magnetdraht; Tondraht; Es= hilo magnético; F= fil
magnétique}.
magnetisch .{D} * see moving magnet .{E}.
magnetischer Fluß .{D} * see flux .{E}; intrinsic flux .{E}.
magnetite .{E} * see ferric oxide.
magnetizing field strength .{E} * The instantaneous
strength of the magnetic field applied to a sample of
magnetic material.46. .{D= ?; Es= fuerza del campo
magnético; F= force de champ magnétisant}.
magneto-optical recording (MOR) .{E} * An erasable
optical disc system using magnetic media and LASER
reading.39. .{D= magneto-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren;
Es= grabación magnetoóptica; F= enregistrement
magnéto-optique}.
magneto-optical recording (MOR) {E} * An erasable optical
disc system using magnetic media and LASER reading.39.
{D= magneto-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren; Es=
grabación magnetoóptica; F= enregistrement
magnéto-optique}.
magneto-optisches Aufnahmeverfahren .{D} * see
magneto-optical recording (MOR) .{E}.
magnetófono .{Es} * see audio tape recorder (ATR) .{E}.
magnetófono de dos pistas .{Es} * see dual track recorder
.{E}.
magnetófono digital de cabeza rotacional .{Es} * see rotary
head digital audio tape recorder (R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.
magnetófono monofónico .{Es} * see monaural recorder
.{E}; monophonic recorder .{E}.

Magnetophonband .{D} * see also magnetic tape .{E}.
Magnetophonband .{D;E;Es;F} * The name for the first
magnetic tape produced by I.G. Farben in 1935.
magnétophone .{F} * see also Audio Tape Recorder;
sound recording; tape player .{E}.
magnétophone numérique à tête tournante (R-DAT ou
DAT) .{F} * see rotary head digital audio tape recorder (R-
DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.
Magnetophon .{D;E;Es;F} * The name of the first
magnetic taperecorder produced by AEG in 1935.
magnétoscope .{F} * see videotape recorder .{E}.
magnetoscopio .{Es} * see videotape recorder .{E}.
Magnetplatte .{D} * see magnetic disk .{E}.
Magnetpulverband .{D} * see metal particle tape (MP) .{E}.
Magnetspur .{D} * see magnetic track .{E}.
magnification .{E} * In microforms, the linear ration of the
size of an image to that of the original document when
viewed by an optical instrument; also called enlargement
ratio.(23.) .{D= Vergrößerungsgrad; Es= aumento;
amplificación; F= agrandissement; échelle
d'agrandissement}.
main entry .{E} * 1) The complete catalogue record of an
item, presented in the form by which the entity is to be
uniformly identified and cited; may include the tracings of
all other headings under which the bibliographic record is
to be represented in the catalogue. 2) The single element
which is chosen to begin the complete record and under
which -drive motor. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= grand ressort; ressort
principal}.
maison de production .{F} * see production company .{E}.
maître/esclave .{F} * see master/slave .{D;E;Es;F}.
Makrorille .{D} * see coarse groove .{E}.
mal funcionamiento del tubo-pantalla debido a una luz
muy brillante .{Es} * see bloom (5) .{E}.
malla .{Es} * see grid .{E;F}.
mancha .{Es} * see blemish .{E}; stain .{E}.
mancha (borrosidad de la imagen) .{Es} * see smear .{E}.
mancha de color marrón .{Es} * see brown stain .{E}.
mancha de herrumbre .{Es} * see corrosion stain .{E}.
mancha iónica .{Es} * see ion spot .{E}.
mancha oscura .{Es} * see ion spot .{E}.
manchado .{Es} * see mottled .{E}.
mandatory licence .{E} * see compulsory licence.
mandrel .{E} * That part of a cylinder machine which
carried the cylinder record, causing it to revolve under the
reproducing or recording stylus. In some Edison literature
the mandrel is also called the cylinder or drum.(04.14.)
.{D= ?; Es= mandríl; soporte de arrollamiento; F=
mandrin}.
mandril transversal .{Es} * see traversing mandrel .{E}.
mandríl .{Es} * see mandrel .{E}.
142
mandrin .{F} * see mandrel .{E}.
mandrin (platine cylindres) .{F} * see carrier-arm .{E}.
mandrin à mouvement transversal .{F} * see traversing
mandrel .{E}.
mangelnder Band-Kopf-Kontakt .{D} * see tape-to-head
separation .{E}.
mango de manivela .{Es} * see crank handle .{E}.
manière noire .{F} * see mezzotint .{E}.
manivelle .{F} * see crank handle .{E}.
mantenimiento de enfoque .{Es} * see auto focus (2) .{E}.
mantenimiento de los fondos .{Es} * see collection
maintenance .{E}.
manual edit .{E} * A change made "on-the-fly" without
preset entry or exit points. .{D= ?; Es= edición [inserción]
manual; F= édition (insertion) manuelle}.
manuscript .{E} * A document of any kind which is written
by hand, or the text of a music or literary composition in
hand-written or typescript form (including generated by a
word processor), and which, in that form, has not been
reproduced in multiple copies.07. .{D= ?; Es= manuscrito;
F= manuscrit}.
manuscrit .{F} * see manuscript .{E}.
manuscrito .{Es} * see manuscript .{E}.
maqueta .{Es} * see mock-up .{E}; model .{E}; model shot
.{E}.
maqueta .{Es} * see model .{E}; model shot .{E}.
maquette .{F} * see diorama .{E}; mock-up .{E}.
máquina amiga .{Es} * see user friendly .{E}.
máquina de fácil manejo .{Es} * see user friendly .{E}.
máquina de limpieza de discos al vacío .{Es} * see vacuum
type record cleaning machine .{E}.
máquina editora de películas .{Es} * see console (3) .{E;F}.
máquina lectora .{Es} * see reader (2) .{E}.
máquina para empalmar película .{Es} * see butt splicer
.{E}.
máquina parlante .{Es} * see talking machine .{E}.
máquina perforadora de la película con la banda sonora
.{Es} * see blooping machine .{E}.
Máquina de Grabación Electrónica de Visión (BBC) .{Es}
* see VERA .{E}.
máquinas parlantes .{Es} * see talkeries .{E}.
MARC .{E} * acronym for Machine Readable Cataloging.
marca .{Es} * see cue marks .{E}; flag .{E}.
marca (registrada) en la cinta .{Es} * see tape mark .{E}.
marca de inicio .{Es} * see start mark .{E}.
marca de paso .{Es} * see change-over cue .{E}.
marca sensible de detección .{Es} * see sensing mark .{E}.

marcas .{Es} * see paper marks .{E}.
marcas de abrasión .{Es} * see abrasion marks .{E}.
marcas de origen electrostático .{Es} * see static marks
.{E}.
marcas de sincronización .{Es} * see sync marks .{E}.
marcha imágen por imágen .{Es} * see single-frame
exposure .{E}.
marcha inversa .{Es} * see reverse motion .{E}.
marche arrière .{F} * see reverse motion .{E}.
marche d'escalier .{F} * see stair step .{E}.
marco .{Es} * see chassis .{E}.
marco de cartón (para montaje de obra gráfica) .{Es} * see
window board .{E}.
marco de codificación SMPTE/ANSI .{Es} * see
SMPTE/ANSI Frame Coding .{E}.
marco para diapositivas .{Es} * see slide mount .{E}.
marcos de superposición .{Es} * see lap marks .{E}.
marge interne .{F} * see inside margin .{E}.
margen dinámico .{Es} * see dynamic range .{E}.
margen interior .{Es} * see inside margin .{E}.
margin (of disc) .{E} * see inside margin.
mark-in .{E} * The procedure for establishing the beginning
of a scene in a computer video editing system. .{D= ?; Es=
señal de inicio; F= marquage début}.
mark-out .{E} * The procedure for establishing the end of
a scene in a computer video editing system. .{D= ?; Es=
señal de fin; F= marquage fin}.
Marke .{D} * see flag .{E}.
Markennome .{D} * see label name .{E}.
Markierung .{D} * see cue marks .{E}.
marquage début .{F} * see mark-in .{E}.
marquage fin .{F} * see mark-out .{E}.
marquage sur le barillet .{F} * see barrel markings .{E}.
marque .{F} * see cue; flag .{E}.
marque .{F}. see cue .{E}.
marque active .{F} * see sensing mark .{E}.
marque de bande .{E} * see tape mark .{E}.
marque de départ .{F} * see start mark .{E}.
marque de détection .{F} * see sensing mark .{E}.
marques .{F} * see lap marks .{E}.
marques d'abrasion .{F} * see abrasion marks .{E}.
marques d'origine électrostatique (photo) .{F} * see static
marks .{E}.
marques de changement de bobine .{F} * see cue marks
143
.{E}.
marques de synchronisation .{F} * see sync marks .{E}.
marqueur/détecteur de fin de bande .{F} * see end-of-tape
marker/sensor .{E}.
married print .{E} * A positive print of a motion picture film
including both sound and image; see also answer print;
composite.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= copia estándar; copia tipo; F=
copie standard}.
marron de sécurité .{F} * see protection master; protection
master .{E}.
máscara .{Es} * see mat (matte) (1) .{E}.
máscara (de objetivo) .{Es} * see vignette .{E}.
máscara de abertura .{Es} * see aperture mask .{E}.
máscara de sombras .{Es} * see cookie .{E}.
máscara de televisión .{Es} * see tv mask .{E}.
máscara perforada .{Es} * see aperture mask .{E}.
maschinenlesbare Archive .{D} * see machine-readable
records .{E}.
maschinenlesbare Dokumente .{D} * see machinereadable
records .{E}.
mask .{E} * A shield placed before the lens of a movingimage
camera or a projector to block off some of the
picture; see also matte shot. .{D= Cache; Maske; Es=
caché; F= masque; cache}.
Maske .{D} * see mask .{E}.
masquage .{F} * see concealment .{E}.
masque .{F} * see mask; matte shot; tv mask; vignette;
vignette .{E}.
masque (tv) .{F} * see tv mask .{E}.
masque à ombres .{F} * see cookie .{E}.
masque d'écran .{F} * see aperture mask .{E}.
masque d'objectif .{F} * see vignette .{E}.
Mass .{D} * see gauge .{E}.
master .{E;F} * 1) The original recording of a finished
programme.39. 2) An item (i.e., audio, still- or movingimage,
etc.) from which duplicates or intermediates can be
obtained.(40.) 3) In disc recording, a metal part generated
from a lacquer original which may be used to generate
additional metal moulds by electroforming or to press
discs.(10.) 4) In film materials, the final negative, reversal
positive, and/or intermediate or internegative film from
which subsequent generations are made.(09.) 5) Any
control that sets the level for a number of other
controls.(10.) 6) In micro- photography -film/fiche, any film,
but generally the camera microfilm, used to produce
further reproductions, such as intermediates, distribution
copies, or service copies.(40.) .{D= Original; Stammkopie;
Es= 1) matriz; primera copia (original); 2) original a partir
del que se obtienen copias; 3) galvano; negativo; F=
matrice; original; bande mère}.
master de conservation .{F} * see preservation master .{E}.
master de sécurité .{F} * see protection master; safety
master .{E}.

master de tirage/duplication .{F} * see printing/duplicating
master .{E}.
master disc .{E} * A finished disc recording in edited or
approved form from which copies can be made in the
record producing process. It is used to produce a reverse
copy or metal matrix which has ridges instead of grooves
that is then used as a stamper for producing copies in the
single-step process, or is used to produce a metal 'mother'
in the three-step process.(04.10.) .{D= ?; Es= disco matriz;
F= disque matrice}.
master erase head .{E} * A magnetic head capable of
erasing the entire width of a magnetic tape.10. .{D= ?; Es=
cabeza de barrido total; F= tête d'effacement total}.
master matching .{E} * The act of cutting or otherwise
preparing shots from an original or master moving-image
production to match the edited workprint. .{D= ?; Es=
montaje original; F= montage master}.
master métallique .{F} * see metal master .{E}.
master mirroir .{F} * see mirror master .{E}.
master négatif de conservation .{F} * see preservation
master negative .{E}.
master negative .{E} * A duplicate of the camera negative
film used to generate positive prints.22.23. .{D=
Originalnegativ; Es= negativo original; negativo; F= négatif
master; négatif original}.
master positive .{E} * A timed print made from a negative
original and from which a duplicate negative is made.09.
.{D= ?; Es= positivo original; F= positif pour contretype;
positif master}.
master shot .{E} * Single shot of an entire scene taken to
facili-tate the assembly of the component closer shots and
details; also called cover shot.30. .{D= ?; Es= toma de
conjunto; plano general; F= plan séquence}.
master/slave .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A system of high-speed
duplication of materials, usually magnetic, where two or
more pieces of equipment are electronically calibrated and
controlled together to start, accelerate, and stop together
in order to produce multiple copies of the master at a
single pass. 2) A system, used in computing or videotape
editing, in which a master computer or controller
determines the actions of other computers or
recorders.(10.) .{F= maître/esclave; Es= sistema de
duplicación de alta velocidad}.
master tape .{E} * A completed tape, used in tape-to-disc
transfer, or from which other tape copies are produced. In
commercial record production, the equivalent of the master
disc and is controlled as the original recording from which
all record and/or tape copies for distribution will come.(04.)
.{D= Originalband; Es= cinta original; F= bande master}.
mastering .{E;F} * 1) The process of making a master. 2)
The process of transferring programme data (audio, film,
video, etc.) from an original to a master for subsequent
electroforming. .{D= Mastering; Es= proceso de
elaboración de un original}.
Mastering .{D} * see mastering .{E}.
mat board .{E} * A layered paperboard available in several
shades and colours, traditionally made from all-rag fibre
and used in the framing of works of art or photographs.
Thickness is measured in layers or 'plies': 2-ply, 4-ply, 6ply.
Used for many conservation purposes and no longer
exclusively composed of rag fibres.(32.) .{D= ?; Es= cartón
de montaje; F= cadre}.
match cut .{E} * A cut in moving-image productions in
144
which the same person and/or object is shown. .{D= ?; Es=
corte invisible; F= coupure non sensible}.
material antisonoro .{Es} * see gobo (5) .{E}.
material cilíndrico para grabaciones .{Es} * see celluloid (3,
4) .{E;F}.
material de contratipo .{Es} * see duping material .{E}.
material de envolver .{Es} * see pack .{E}.
material opaco que mediante una luz proyecta la
sensación de imágenes .{Es} * see cucolouris .{E}.
material virgen .{Es} * see raw stock .{E}.
materiales concomitantes .{Es} * see accompanying
material .{E}.
materiales concomitantes [de acompañamiento] .{Es} *
see accompanying material .{E}.
materiales de poliéster pretensados para aumentar su
resistencia longitudinal .{Es} * see tensilized .{E}.
materiales fabricados a la misma vez .{Es} * see batch
.{E}.
materiales inéditos .{Es} * see unedi-print materials .{E}.
materiales táctiles (concebidos especialmente para
ciegos) .{Es} * see tactile materials .{E}.
matérials tactiles .{F} * see tactile materials .{E}.
matériaux non imprimés .{F} * see non-print materials .{E}.
matériel .{F} * see hardware; material .{E}.
matériel d'accompagnement .{F} * see accompanying
material .{E}.
matériel pornographique .{F} * see hard core material .{E}.
matière de remplissage .{F} * see filler .{E}.
matiz .{Es} * see hue .{E}.
matriçage .{F} * see matrixing .{E}.
matrice .{F} * see master; matrix .{E}.
matrice de commutation .{F} * see routing switcher .{E}.
matrice de pressage estampeuse{F} * see stamper .{E}.
matrice de verre .{F} * see glass master .{D;E}.
matrices .{E;F} * The plural of matrix. .{D= Matrizen; Es=
matriz; codificador cromático}.
matrix .{E} * 1) The television circuit that transforms the i,
q, and y signals into the colour signals. 2) The metal
negative mould (with ridges instead of grooves) of an
original master disc; in the record production process it
can be used either as a stamper for producing pressings,
or to create a 'mother' from which the stamper is
made.(04.) 3) A strip of film used for transferring dye in
proportion to the density of the imposed relief images in
some colour film printing.(10.) .{D= Matr-4) (Switcher). A
combination or array of electromechanical or electronic
switches that route a number of signal sources to one or
more destinations. .{F= matrice; D= ?; Es= matriz; F=
matrice}.
matriz .{Es?} * see matrix .{E}.

matriz .{Es} * see master (1); matrices; matrix; stamper;
tone (2) .{E}.
Matrize .{D} * see matrix .{E}.
Matrizen .{D} * see matrices; metal master .{E}.
Matrizennummer .{D} * see matrix number .{E}.
matte .{E} * see mat.
matte shot .{E} * A piece of film which is opaque in part of
the frame area which, when printed together with a regular
shot, masks part of the action and allows another scene to
be printed in the masked off area. Sometimes called
travelling matte.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= plano con catch; F= ?}.
mauvaises lumières (de tirage) .{F} * see mislights .{E}.
máximo desplazamiento radial cresta a cresta de cualquier
pista de la superficie de grabación .{Es} * see radial total
truncated run out (TIR) .{E}.
maximum density (D-MAX) .{E} * The portion of the
shoulder of the characteristic curve where further
increases in exposure on negative film or decreases in
exposure on reversal film will produce no increase in
density; see also maximum intrinsic flux density.09. .{D= ?;
Es= densidad máxima; F= densité maximum}.
maximum undistorted output .{E} * see output.
maxwells .{E} * A unit of measurement of the flux density,
named after the Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell.
MC .{E} * acronym for moving coil; see also pickup.
ME .{E} * acronym for metal evaporated tape.
mean track centreline .{E} * For optical media, the average
centreline of the read and write track.46. .{D= ?; Es= línea
central de lectura de la pista (de grabación); F= ligne
centrale moyenne de la piste}.
mécanisme Bell & Howell .{F} * see Bell & Howell
mechanism .{E}.
mécanisme d'entraînement de la bande .{F} * see tape
transport .{E}.
mécanisme d'entraînement et de contrôle de vitesse du
film .{F} * see pull-down mechanism .{E}.
mécanisme régulateur .{F} * see governor .{E}.
mecanismo Bell & Howell .{Es} * see Bell & Howell
mechanism .{E}.
mecanismo tractor .{Es} * see pull-down mechanism .{E}.
mecha .{Es} * see squib .{E}.
mechanical damage .{E} * Damage caused to an item by
physical manipulation in storage, handling, or use,
including internal movement caused by rapid fluctuations
in humidity and tempera-ture.(32.) .{D= mechanische
Beschädigung; Es= daño mecánico; F= dégradation
mécanique}.
mechanical recording .{E} * see acoustical recording.
mechanical rights .{E} * The rights in some countries (i.e.,
the U.S.) to reproduce a copyrighted musical work on
records or tapes; see also compulsory licence.(10.) .{D=
mechanische Rechte; Es= derechos de reproducción; F=
droits de reproduction mécanique; droits méchanique}.
mechanical scanning .{E} * The type of television scanning
145
that used rotating drums, discs, vibrating mirrors, etc.;
based on Paul Nipkow's 1884 invention and used into the
1930s.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= exploración mecánica; F=
balayage mécanique}.
mechanical sound carrier .{E} * An audio reproducing
device, such as a piano or organ roll, music box disc, or
barrel organ roll, which uses various apparatuses to
mechanically reproduce sounds; see also barrel organ
cylinder; msuic box disc; organ roll; perforated disc; piano
roll. .{D= mechanischer Schallträger; mechanischer
Tonträger; Es= ?; F= ?}.
mechanically accessible zone .{E} * The annular area on
and surrounding an optical disc which the optical head can
access, unimpeded by the disc or cartridge structure, with
the disc mounted on a spindle.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= zona
accesible mecánicamente; F= zone de lecture}.
mechanische Beschädigung .{D} * see mechanical
damage .{E}.
mechanische Rechte .{D} * see mechanical rights .{E}.
mechanischer Schallträger .{D} * see mechanical sound
carrier .{E}.
mechanischer Schnitt .{D} * see cut editing .{E}.
mechanischer Tonträger .{D} * see mechanical sound
carrier .{E}.
media .{E} * see medium.
media .{F} * see medium (media) .{E}.
media interactif .{F} * see interactive media .{E}.
media pista .{Es} * see half-track .{E}.
mediatinta .{Es} * see mezzotint .{E}.
medida de fluidez por pulgada cuadrada .{Es} * see
pounds per square inch gauge .{E}.
medida de la definición de una emulsión .{Es} * see
meshbeat .{E}.
medida de óxido .{Es} * see oxide loading .{E}.
medidor de fotosensibilidad .{Es} * see sensitometer .{E}.
medidor de la decoloración .{Es} * see fadeometer .{E}.
medidor de ultravioleta modelo Crawford 760 .{Es} * see
Crawford UV monitor type 760 .{E}.
medidor V/U .{Es} * see V/U-Meter .{D}.
medio interactivo .{Es} * see interactive media .{E}.
medio tono .{Es} * see halftone .{E}.
medium .{F} * see medium (media) .{E}.
medium (media) .{E} * A material or base on which
information is stored or transmitted.39. .{D=
Speichermedium; Es= soporte; F= media; support}.
medium contrast .{E} * A relationship of image tones in
which the light and dark areas are represented by average
or normal differ-ences in density.40. .{D= ?; Es= contraste
medio [normal]; F= contraste normal}.
medium shot .{E} * A shot intermediate between a close-up
and a full shot.30. .{D= Halbnah; Es= plano medio; F= plan
moyen}.

medium term storage conditions .{E} * Storage conditions
suitable for the preservation of recorded information for a
minimum of ten years. .{D= ?; Es= condiciones de
almacenamiento para la conservación a medio plazo; F=
conditions de stockage à moyen terme}.
medium-term film .{E} * A photographic film that is suitable
for the preservation of records for a minimum of ten years
when stored under proper conditions, if the original film
was processed correctly; see also archival film; long-term
film; short-term film.40. .{D= ?; Es= película de
conservación a medio plazo; F= film à moyen terme}.
mega- (m) .{D;E;Es;F} * A prefix signifying one million.
megaHertz (mHz) .{D;E;Es;F} * One million Hertz.
mélange .{F} * see mix; mixage; mixing tracks .{E}.
mélange sonore .{F} * see mixage .{E}.
mélangeur .{F} * see mixer .{E}.
Melinex .{D;E;Es;F} * A strong, tough, dimensionally
stable clear polyester film used for encapsulating flat
objects; see also encapsulation; polyester.
mella .{Es} * see nick .{E}.
melladura .{Es} * see nick .{E}.
Membran .{D} * see diaphragm .{E}.
membrana .{Es} * see diaphragm (2) .{E}.
membrane .{F} * see diaphragm .{E}.
membrete .{Es} * see heading .{E}.
mémoire .{F} * see memory .{E}.
mémoire à accès aléatoire .{F} * see random access
memory (RAM) .{E}.
mémoire à écriture unique .{F} * see write-once media
.{D;E}.
mémoire à lecture seule .{F} * see read-only-memory
(ROM) .{E}.
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement .{F} *
see compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM) .{D;E}.
mémoire sur disque compact à lecture uniquement et à
architecture étendue .{F} * see compact disc-read only
memory extended architecture (CD-ROM XA) .{D;E}.
mémoire tampon .{F} * see buffer .{E}.
memoria .{Es} * see memory .{E}.
memoria de acceso aleatorio .{Es} * see random access
memory (RAM) .{E}.
memoria de datos fijos .{Es} * see read-only-memory
(ROM) .{E}.
memoria de escritura única .{Es} * see write-once media
.{D;E}.
memoria de lectura solamente .{Es} * see read-onlymemory
(ROM) .{E}.
memoria de responsabilidad .{Es} * see statement of
responsibility .{E}.
memoria intermedia .{Es} * see buffer (1) .{E}.
146
memoria ROM .{Es} * see read-only-memory (ROM)
memory .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, a device
for storage of intensity information for combinations of
luminaire (cues or presets) for use during the course of the
production. 2) Any recording device into which information
can be stored and later retrieved; also called storage. 3) In
computer and related technology, the integrated circuits
that store instructions in ROM or information in
RAM.(10.22.) 4) The tendency of a physical item to return
to its original form or shape. .{D= Datenspeicher; Speicher;
Es= memoria; F= mémoire}.
memory counter .{E} * The transport device in a magnetic
tape recorder which returns the tape to a preset location.
.{D= ?; Es= contador de memoria; F= compteur mémoire}.
mending .{E} * Minor restoration of an item not involving
the replacement of any material. Not so complete a
rehabilitation as repairing.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= restauración;
F= raccommodage}.
mention d'édition .{F} * see edition statement .{E}.
menu .{E;F} * In a computer, audio, video or ancillary
production equipment, a list of the options available to the
user.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= menú}.
menú .{Es} * see menu .{E}.
menu-driven .{E} * In a computer, audio, video, or ancillary
production equipment, software controlled through
menus.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= controlado por menú; F= logiciel
par menu}.
mère .{F} * see mother .{E}.
merma .{Es} * see shrinkage .{E}.
mesa de control .{Es} * see console (1) .{E;F}.
mesa de montaje .{Es} * see editing table .{E}.
mesa luminosa .{Es} * see light table .{E}.
Meßband .{D} * see alignment tape .{E}.
mesure de la définition d'une émulsion .{F} * see image
structure .{E}.
metal evaporated tape (ME) .{E} * Magnetic tape with a
pure metal coating applied under high vacuum; enables
the recording of ultra short wave lengths; used for video
Hi-8 formats. .{D= Magnetband mit aufgedampfter
Metallschicht; Es= cinta de metal evaporado; F= bande
métal à évaporation}.
metal master .{E} * In disc manufacturing, the metal part
produced from the original disc. .{D= metal Master;
Matrizen; Es= (grabación) original de metal; F= original;
père; master métallique}.
metal Master .{D} * see metal master .{E}.
metal part .{E} * see metal master.
metal particle tape (MP) .{E} * Magnetic tape with a coating
of pure metal particles dispersed in its binder; generally
conceded to have a higher coercivity and sensitivity when
compared with other tapes.(04.) .{D= Magnetpulverband;
Es= cinta de partículas; F= bande à particules
métalliques}.
metalización .{Es} * see metallization .{E}.
metallization .{E} * A step in the CD replication process in
which the polycarbonate substrate is coated with metal to
provide reflectivity.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= metalización; F=

métallisation}.
meter .{E} * An electronic or electrical monitoring device;
see also metre. .{D= Anzeigelgerät; ?; Es= metro; F=
mètre}.
methacrylic acid .{E} * An acid achieved in making acrylic
resins or plastics. .{D= ?; Es= ácido metacrílico; F= acide
méthacrylique}.
méthode au bleu de méthylène .{F} * see methylene-blue
method .{E}.
méthode densitométrique (argent) .{F} * see densitometric
method (silver) .{E}.
methyl cellulose .{E} * Cellulose of methyl ether, produced
by treating cellulose from wood or cotton with an alkali,
such as sodium hydroxide, followed by methyl chloride.
Methyl cellulose is a white granular solid, soluble in cold
water but insoluble in hot water. It is used as an additive in
adhesives to increase film strength, flexibility and
adhesion; see also adhesive.45. .{D= ?; Es= metilcelulosa;
F= méthyl cellulose}.
méthyl cellulose .{F} * see methyl cellulose .{E}.
methylene-blue .{E} * A chemical dye formed during the
testing of archival permanence of processed microimages
using the methylene-b-lue method used to test for residual
hypo; see also densitometric method (silver); residual hypo
test.40. .{D= ?; Es= azul de metileno; F= bleu de
méthylène}.
methylene-blue method .{E} * A procedure used to test for
residual hypo. .{D= ?; Es= método del azul de metileno; F=
méthode au bleu de méthylène}.
metilcelulosa .{Es} * see methyl cellulose .{E}.
método cinematográfico .{Es} * see ciné mode .{E;F}.
método del azul de metileno .{Es} * see methylene-blue
method .{E}.
método densitométrico (cantidad plata) .{Es} * see
densitometric method (silver) .{E}.
metre .{E} * A basic unit of length in the metric system,
equal to 39.37 inches; also spelled meter .{E/US}. .{D=
Anzeigegerät; Es= metro; F= mètre}.
mètre .{F} * see meter .{E}.
metro .{Es} * see meter .{E}.
metros lineales .{Es} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt)
.{E}.
metteur en scène .{E;F} * A now widely used French term
—sometimes derogatory— for director; see also
director(30.) .{D= ?; Es= director (de escena)}.
metteur en scène .{F}. see director .{E;Es}.
mezcla .{Es} * see dubbing .{E}; mix .{E}; mixing, mixage
.{E}.
mezcla de grabaciones (sonoras) .{Es} * see mixing tracks
.{E}.
mezclacolor .{Es} * see mixer .{E}.
mezclador .{Es} * see mixer (2) .{E}.
mezclar .{Es} * see mix .{E}; mixer (1) .{E}.
147
mezzotint .{E} * 1) A process of engraving on copper or
steel in which the entire surface of the plate is slightly
roughened, after which the drawing is traced and the plate
smoothed in places by scraping, burnishing, etc., to
produce the desired light and shade effect. 2) An
engraving produced by the mezzotint process.19. .{D= ?;
Es= mediatinta; mezzotinta; F= manière noire; graveur à
la manière noire}.
mezzotinta .{Es} * see mezzotint .{E}.
micro-ordinateur .{F} * see microcomputer .{E}.
microambiente .{Es} * see microenvironment .{E}.
Microcard .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A trade-mark of the Microcard
Corporation which refers exclusively to 3-inch x 5-inch
cards with microimages arranged in rows and columns on
photographic paper. 2) The term is more generically used
to indicate an opaque card of varying size on which
microcopies have been reproduced photographically. A
micro-card resembles microfiche with eye readable
descriptive data at the top of the card; it differs from other
microforms in that the prints are positive as well as being
opaque, and cannot be directly reproduced. A microcard
is not readable (except for the heading) without optical aid
in the form of a specially-made reader.(22.19.) Also called
microprint, micro-opaque. .{D= Mikrokarte; Es= microficha
opaca; F= microcarte}.
microcarte .{F} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.
microcassette .{E} * see cassette.
microcinematografía .{Es} * see microcinematography .{E}.
microcinématographie .{F} * see microcinematography
.{E}.
microcinematography .{E} * .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=
microcinématographie}.
microcinematography .{E} * 1) The photographing of
objects intermediate in size between those requiring
magnification by a microscope and those which can be
photographed by a normal lens.30. 2) Cinema
photography through a micro-scope.30. .{D= ?; Es=
microcinematografía; F= microcinématographie}.
microclima .{Es} * see microenvironment .{E}.
microcomputer .{E} * 1) A generic term indicating a
computer with limited capabilities. 2) A personal or desktop
computer.22.10. .{D= Mikrocomputer; Es=
microordenador; F= micro-ordinateur}.
microcopia .{Es} * see microcopy; microprint .{E}.
microcopie .{F} * see microcopy .{E}.
microcopy .{E} * A copy, usually obtained by photography,
in a size to small to be read without magnification.22.23.
.{D= Mikrokopie; Es= microcopia; F= microcopie}.
microcuvette .{F} * see pit .{D;E}.
microdensitometer .{E} * see densitometer.
microenvironment .{E} * Atmospheric conditions inside an
enclosure, generally inside a container for a single item. A
microenvironment cab acts as a buffer against outside
changes in temperature and humidity as well as to protect
against most air pollutants, or it can seal the varying
harmful elements and gasses of decomposition in, thus
potentially increasing the rate of deterioration of the
packaged item.(32.) .{D= ?; Es= microclima;
microambiente; F= microenvironnement}.

microenvironnement .{F} * see microenvironment .{E}.
microficha .{Es} * see microfiche .{E;F}; sheet microfilm
.{E}.
microficha opaca .{Es} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.
microfiche .{E;F} * A flat sheet of photographic film
standardized at 105 x 148-mm (about 4 x 6-inches) and 75
x 125-mm (about 3 x 5-inches), with descriptive data at the
top which can be read by the naked eye. Fiche contain
micro-images of data, photographs, text, or other
information in horizontal and vertical rows. The standard
size of a frame is 11.25-mm x 16-mm (single) and 23-mm
x 16-mm (double). When a document is too long to be
recorded on one microfiche, each subsequent one is
called a 'trailer' microfiche. Microfiche can be either a
positive copy printed from strips of microfilm, an actual
frame cut from microfilm (usually 70-mm film), or made
directly with a step-and-repeat camera. The sheets may be
stored vertically like catalogue cards but require envelopes
to protect them from damage; also called 'fiche'; see also
ultrafiche; com.(19.22.) .{D= Mikrofiche; Es= microficha}.
microfiche reader .{E} * see microform reader.
microfilm .{E;F} * Photographic film containing
microimages. The term normally refers to roll film
sufficiently long to be placed on reels, cartridges, or
cassettes and retrieved by manual or automatic means.
Images may be positive or negative and rolls may be 8-,
16-, 35- or 70-mm wide and up to several thousand feet
long. Rolls can be cut to produce microfiche.01.(22.) .{D=
Mikrofilm; Es= microfilme}.
microfilm camera .{E;F} * A camera for making microfilm;
see also planetary camera; rotary camera; step-and-repeat
camera. .{D= ?; Es= cámara de microfilm}.
microfilm de première génération .{F} * see first
reproduction microfilm .{E}.
microfilm de primera generación .{Es} * see firstgeneration
microfilm .{E}.
microfilm de seconde génération .{F} * see second
generation microfilm .{E}.
microfilm de seconde reproduction .{F} * see second
reproduction microfilm .{E}.
microfilm de segunda generación .{Es} * see first
reproduction microfilm .{E}.
microfilm en feuille .{F} * see sheet microfilm .{E}.
microfilm jacket .{E} * A transparent holder into which
individual strips of microfilm may be inserted.22.23. .{D=
Mikrofilm-jacket; Es= funda [jacket] de microfilm; funda;
jacket; F= pochette microfilm; jaquette}.
microfilm/microforme en entrée d'ordinateur .{F} * see
computer input microfilm/microform (CIM) .{E}.
microfilm/microforme en sortie d'ordinateur .{F} * see
computer output microfilm/microform (COM) .{E}.
microfilm original .{F} * see camera microfilm .{E}.
microfilm positif .{F} * see positive microfilm .{E}.
microfilm reader .{E} * see microform reader.
microfilm strip .{E} * A segment of roll microfilm that is
usually inserted into a microfilm jacket.22.23. .{D=
Mikrofilmstreifen; Es= tira de película; F= bande de
microfilm; microfilm en bande}.
148
microfilmación de consulta .{Es} * see reference
microfilming .{E}.
microfilmación de preservación .{Es} * see preservation
microfilming .{E}.
microfilmage de référence .{F} * see reference microfilming
.{E}.
microfilmage de substitution .{F} * see disposal
microfilming .{E}.
microfilme .{Es} * see microfilm .{E;F}.
microfilme de segunda generación .{Es} * see second
generation microfilm .{E}.
microfilme de segunda reproducción .{Es} * see second
reproduction microfilm .{E}.
microfilme en rollo .{Es} * see roll microfilm .{E}.
microfilme para cámara .{Es} * see camera microfilm .{E}.
microfilme positivo .{Es} * see positive microfilm .{E}.
microfonías .{Es} * see microphonics .{E}.
micrófono .{Es} * see microphone (mic/mike) .{E;F}.
micrófono cerámico .{Es} * see ceramic microphone .{E}.
micrófono de cristal .{Es} * see crystal mic/mike .{E}.
micrófono de reluctancia variable .{Es} * see reluctance
microphone .{E}.
micrófono dinámico .{Es} * see dynamic microphone .{E}.
microform reader .{E} * An optical device for viewing a
projected and enlarged microimage.22. .{D=
Mikrofilmlesegerät; Mikrofichelesegerät; Lesegerät; Es=
aparator lector de microformas; aparator lector; F=
appareil de lecture; lecteur de microformes}.
microforma .{Es} * see microform .{E}.
microforma sobre soporte óptico .{Es} * see microopaque
.{E}.
microforme .{F} * see microform .{E}.
microforme sur support opaque .{F} * see microopaque
.{E}.
microfotografía .{Es} * see microphotography .{E}.
micrografía .{Es} * see micrographics .{E}.
micrographics .{E} * The science and technology of
creating microimages: designing indexing, storage, and
retrieval systems for them; or using them in a micrographic
system. Micrographics is generally considered a sub-field
of reprography.40.(22.) .{D= Mikrographie; Es=
micrografía; F= micrographie}.
micrographie .{F} * see micrographics .{E}.
micrographie .{F} * see micrographics .{E}.
microgroove .{E} * 1) A generic term indicating any form of
small grooved item. 2) A groove, usually on a disc or a
cylinder, with nominal width at the top, or widest part of the
groove, of 3 mils. 3) A type of disc audio recording having
200 to 300 or more grooves per inch, suitable for
reproduction by a stylus having a tip radius of 1 mil or less.
Contemporary LP recordings are microgroove, as opposed

to 'coarse' groove for older 78-RPM discs.(04.) .{D=
Mikrorille; Es= microsurco; F= microsillon}.
microgroove disc .{E} * see microgroove.
microimage .{E;F} * An image too small to be read or
successfully viewed without magnification.(22.23.) .{D=
Mikrobild; Es= microimagen}.
microimagen .{Es} * see microimage .{E}.
micromanchas (naranjas) .{Es} * see microspots .{E}.
micromire .{E} * see mire.
microondas .{Es} * see microwave .{E}.
microonde .{F} * see microwave .{E}.
microopaque .{E} * A copy of an object (i.e., page of
manuscript, book, photograph, et al.) made by means of
microphotography, the textual or other data being on
opaque paper or card. May be made either by
photographic or printing methods; see also microcard.(19.)
.{D= ?; Es= microforma sobre soporte óptico; F=
microforme sur support opaque}.
microordenador .{Es} * see microcomputer .{E}.
microphone .{F} * see microphone (mic; mike) .{E;F}.
microphone à réluctance .{F} * see reluctance microphone
.{E}.
microphone céramique .{F} * see ceramic microphone .{E}.
microphone dynamique .{F} * see dynamic microphone;
.{E}.
microphone/micro à cristal .{F} * see cube .{E}.
microphonic bars .{E} * Wide horizontal bars on a
television picture caused by interference.10. .{D= ?; Es=
bandas (horizontales) por microfonía; F= barres
microphoniques}.
microphonics .{E} * 1) The audio noise caused by
mechanical vibration or shock. 2) In video transmission,
the mechanical vibration of the elements of an electron
tube resulting in a questionable modulation of the normal
signal, usually resulting in erratically spaced horizontal
bars in the picture.(10.) .{D= 1 & 2) Mikrophonie; Es=
microfonías; F= microphonique}.
microphotographie .{F} * see microphotography .{E}.
microphotography .{E} * Photography on so reduced a
scale that a visual aid is required to discern the features of
the resulting microphotograph; 16-mm or 35-mm film is
used, and the final form of the microcopy may be
microcard, microfiche, or microfilm.(19.) .{D= ?; Es=
microfotografía; F= microphotographie}.
microprint .{E;F} * A trade name for a 6-inch x 9-inch
micro-opaque with microimages arranged in rows and
columns on photographic paper; see also microcard.01.
.{D= ?; Es= microcopia; F= ?}.
microprocesador .{Es} * see microprocessor .{E}.
microprocesseur .{F} * see microprocessor .{E}.
microprocessor .{E} * 1) An integrated circuit that performs
a variety of operations in accordance with a list of
instructions.39. 2) The primary or central processing unit
of a computer; the computer's 'brain'.10. .{D= ?; Es=
microprocesador; F= microprocesseur}.
149
microreproducción .{Es} * see microreproduction .{E}.
microreproduction .{E;F} * The process of making
microcopies of documents, the images being too small to
be read by the unaided eye, on either opaque or
transparent materials.19. .{D= ?; Es= microreproducción;
F= ?}.
microsillon .{F} * see long-play; long-playing record (Lp)
.{E}.
microsurco .{Es} * see microgroove .{E}; pit .{D;E}.
microvatios .{Es} * see microwatt .{E}.
microwatt .{E;F} * One millionth of a watt. .{D= ?; Es=
microvatios; F= ?}.
microwave .{E} * The line-of-sight, point-to-point
transmission of signals.10. .{D= ?; Es= microondas; F=
microonde}.
migración de la capa magnética .{Es} * see coating
transfer .{E}.
MII .{E;Es;F} * Correctly written as MII and pronounced as
"M-2". (Replace #1 meaning with the following). Panasonic
introduced M-II as a new format in 1984. It was originally
called the M-format because of the shape of the tape path.
Improvements were made on that format and in 1986 it
was re-introduced as the MII format. It uses two sizes of
cassettes. The smaller cassette can record up to twenty
minutes, while the larger one can record up to ninety
minutes. It is a helical scan component analogue machine
with two longitudinal audio tracks, two AFM tracks, and a
separate time code channel. The machine accepts
composite analogue inputs and produces component
analogue or composite analogue outputs. The MII format
can also accept SP formulated tapes. .{D= ?; Es= M II
(formato Panasonic); F= ?}.
mike (or mic) .{E} * abbreviation for microphone.
mikro .{D} * see micro (#) .{E}.
Mikrobild .{D} * see microimage .{E}.
Mikrocomputer .{D} * see microcomputer .{E}.
Mikrofiche .{D} * see microfiche .{E;F}.
Mikrofiche-Kamera .{D} * see step-and-repeat camera .{E}.
Mikrofichelesegerät .{D} * see microform reader .{E}.
Mikrofilm .{D} * see microfilm .{E;F}.
Mikrofilm-jacket .{D} * see microfilm jacket .{E}.
Mikrofilmlesegerät .{D} * see microform reader .{E}.
Mikrofilmstreifen .{D} * see microfilm strip .{E}.
Mikrofonkran .{D} * see boom .{E}.
Mikroformen .{D} * see microform .{E}.
Mikrographie .{D} * see micrographics .{E}.
Mikrokarte .{D} * see Microcard .{D;E;Es;F}.
Mikrokopie .{D} * see microcopy .{E}.
Mikrophon .{D} * see microphone (mic/mike) .{E;F}.
Mikrophonie .{D} * see microphonics .{E}.
Mikrorille .{D} * see microgroove .{E}.

mil .{E;F} * 1) A unit of measurement equalling 1/1,000
(0.0001) of an inch. 2) In the U.S. tape thickness is usually
measured in mils, the given value referring to the thickness
of the base material only; in European practice the total
tape thickness is given.(50.) .{D= ?; Es= milésimo;
milésima de pulgada; F= ?}.
mildew .{E} * A growth caused by micro-organisms, whose
spores, in a moist, warm environment, become moulds.
They derive their food from the substance on which they
form, e.g., the materials of a shellac disc. During their
growth they produce citric, gluconic, oxalic, or other
organic acids, that can damage the surface upon which
they are deposited. They, also, at times produce colour
bodies, leading to staining which is difficult to remove; see
also fungi; mould.45. .{D= Schimmel; Es= mildíu (sinónimo
de moho); F= moisissure; rouille}.
mildíu (sinónimo de moho) .{Es} * see mildew .{E}.
milésima de pulgada .{Es} * see mil .{E}.
milésimo .{Es} * see mil .{E}.
milli- (m) .{D;E;Es;F} * Prefix for one thousandth (10-3).
mini-cassette .{E} * see cassette.
minimal cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.
minimal cinema .{E} * A kind of extreme realism.30. .{D=
?; Es= realismo (cine); F= réalisme extrême ?}.
mínimo sistema que puede llamarse CD-I .{Es} * see base
case .{E}.
minimum density (D-MIN) .{E} * The constant density area
in the toe of the characteristic curve where less exposure
on negative film or more exposure on reversal film will
produce no reduction in density. In black and -white film,
this area is sometimes called base-plus-fog; see also
density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad mínima; F= densité
minimum}.
mint .{E} * A commonly used physical descriptive term
meaning that the item appears to be new and with no
visible flaws.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= nuevo; no usado; F= en état
neuf; à l'état neuf}.
minuta .{Es} * see draft (1) .{E}.
minuteur .{F} * see timer .{E}.
mira (imagen patrón) para pruebas de resolución .{Es} *
see resolution test chart .{E}.
mire de barres (de couleur) .{F} * see colour bars .{E}.
mire de définition .{F} * see resolution test chart .{E}.
mire de distorsion .{F} * see cross hatch .{E}.
mire de réglage .{F} * see test pattern .{E}.
mire technique .{F} * see technical target .{E}.
mirroir dichroïque .{F} * see Dichroic mirror .{E}.
mise-en-cadre .{E;F} * see mise-en-shot.
mise-en-scène .{E;F} * 1) The widely used French term
usually used to denote that part of the film making process
which takes place on the set, as opposed to montage
which takes place afterwards. Literally, the 'putting-in-thescene'
the direction of actors and the decisions of cinematography.
Mise-en-scène is more important to realists,
montage to expressionists.(30.) 2) The scenery, props,
camera angles, lighting, etc., of a stage setting.10. .{D= ?;
150
Es= puesta en escena}.
mise-en-shot; mise-en-cadre .{E;F} * The widely used
French phrase used to denote the design of an entire shot,
in time, as well as in space.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= encuadre}.
mislights .{E} * A descriptive terms of a defect in copying
film-to-film meaning that a timing cue was misread,
resulting in the appropriate lighting for a given scene
occuring several frames before and/or after its intended
place. .{D= ?; Es= falta de luz; F= défauts d'éclairage}.
Mitarbeiter .{D} * see collaborator .{E}.
mix .{E} * 1) In photographic, video, and/or optical work, a
dissolve. 2) In sound, the combination of several separate
recordings or tracks --such as orchestra, dialogue, and
sound effects-- into one.(30.) .{D= Überblendung;
Mischung; mischen; Es= fundido encadenado; mezcla;
mezclar; F= fondu; mêler; fondu combiné à l'ouverture et
à la fermeture; mélange; mixer; assemblage}.
mix-minus .{E} ** The output of an audio console which is
the sum of all its inputs minus a specific one or group.
Used in audio and video productions where live remote
locations are recorded. .{D= ?; Es= banda de mezcla
parcial; F= bande de mixage partielle}.
mixage .{E} * see mixing; dubbing; mix .{E}.
mixer .{E} * 1) A device by which signals from two or more
sources can be combined and fed simultaneously into a
tape recorder at the proper level and balance.(50.16.) 2)
An operator carrying out a mix. 3) A sound recording
engineer. .{D= Tonmeister (für die Mischung); Es= 1)
mezclar; 2) mezclacolor; mezclador; F= 1) mixeur; console
de mixage; 2) mélangeur}.
mixing, mixage .{E} * The general term for the work of the
sound editor, or mixer, who combines the various
soundtracks into final form. With the development during
the last decade of multiple-rack magnetic recording
equipment the job of the mixer has become increasingly
important. .{D= Mischung; Es= acción de mezclar; mezcla;
F= mélange; mixage}.
mixing tracks .{E} * Separate soundtracks which are
combined to produce the final soundtrack of a movingimage
production; mixing tracks may include music, sound
effects, and dialogue tracks.12. .{D= ?; Es= mezcla de
grabaciones (sonoras); F= pistes d'assemblage}.
MM .{E} * acronym for millimetre; moving magnet ( see
pickup).
moaré (efecto) .{Es} * see moire .{E}.
mock-up .{E} * A representation of a device or process that
may be modified for training or analysis to emphasize a
particular part or function; it usually has moveable parts
that can be manipulated.03. .{D= ?; Es= modelo; patrón;
maqueta; F= maquette; prototype; reconstitution grandeur
nature}.
mode 1 and mode 2 .{E} * The two frame formats used in
CD-ROM; mode 1 incorporates EDC/ECC error detection
and correction, and mode 2 incorporates an auxiliary data
field instead; CD-I is based on mode 2.39. .{D= ?; Es=
modo 1 y modo 2; F= mode 1 et mode 2}.
mode 1 et mode 2 .{F} * see mode 1 and mode 2 .{E}.
mode 2 .{E} * see mode 1 and mode 2.
mode ciné .{F} * see ciné mode .{E;F}.
mode de recherche rapise .{F} * see shuttle .{E}.

mode lecture .{F} * see play mode; playback mode .{E}.
mode linéaire .{F} * see linear mode .{E}.
model .{E} * A three-dimensional representation of a real
thing.03. .{D= Modell; Es= modelo; prototipo; maqueta; F=
modèle; maquette}.
model shot .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, a shot
using miniatures or models instead of the real objects and
locations. Especially im-portant for staging great disasters
and making monster films.30. .{D= Modell; Es= fotograma
piloto; maqueta; F= plan avec maquette; maquette}.
modèle .{F} * see model .{E}.
Modell .{D} * see model; model shot .{E}.
modelo .{Es} * see mock-up .{E}; model .{E}; standard .{E}.
modo 1 y modo 2 .{Es} * see mode 1 and mode 2 .{E}.
modo de lectura .{Es} * see play mode .{E}; playback
mode .{E}.
modo de reproducción estándar .{Es} * see standard play
(SP) .{E}.
modo lineal .{Es} * see linear mode .{E}.
modo XLM .{Es} * see XLM .{E}.
modulación .{Es} * see modulation .{D;E;F}.
modulación (en línea) de impulsos cuantificados .{Es} *
see linear PCM .{E}.
modulación de amplitud de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E}.
modulación de audiofrecuencias .{Es} * see audio
frequency modulation (afm) .{E}.
modulación de duración de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse
width modulation (PWM) .{D;E}.
modulación de impulsos codificados delta adaptables .{Es}
* see adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM)
.{D;E}.
modulación de impulsos en amplitud .{Es} * see pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E}.
modulación de impulsos en número .{Es} * see pulse
number modulation (PNM) .{D;E}.
modulación de zumbido .{Es} * see hum modulation .{E}.
modulación del parámetro de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse
parameter modulation .{D;E}.
modulación delta .{Es} * see delta modulation (DM) .{D;E}.
modulación delta adaptable .{Es} * see adaptive delta
modulation (adm) .{E}.
modulación lateral .{Es} * see lateral cut .{E}; lateral
recording .{E}.
modulación ocho a catorce .{Es} * see eight-to-fourteen
modulation (EFM; 8-to-14) .{E}.
modulación por amplitud .{Es} * see amplitude modulation
(am) .{E}.
modulación por posición de impulsos .{Es} * see pulse
position modulation (PPM) .{D;E}.
151
modulateur de crête .{F} * see peak programme meter
(PPM) .{E}.
modulation .{D;E;F} * The process of varying a carrier
signal according to the instantaneous value of an input
signal.39. .{Es= modulación}.
modulation à amplitudes d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse
amplitude modulation (PAM) .{E}.
modulation à fréquence modifiée ou modulation à retard
.{F} * see modified frequency modulation or delay
modulation (MFM) .{E}.
modulation à impulsions codées (MIC) .{F} * see pulse
code modulation (PCM) x{E}.
modulation à largeurs d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse width
modulation (PWM) .{E}.
modulation à positions d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse
position modulation (PPM) .{E}.
modulation de fréquence .{F} * see frequency modulation
(FM) .{E}.
modulation de fréquence audio (fm) .{F} * see audio
frequency modulation (afm) .{E}.
modulation de huit à quatorze .{F} * see eight-to-fourteen
modulation (EFM) .{E}.
modulation de lumière .{F} * see light valve .{E}.
modulation delta (différentielle) .{F} * see delta modulation
(DM) .{D;E}.
modulation distortion .{E} * Distortion introduced by the
uneven speed of the recording medium, e.g. wow and
flutter. .{D= Modulationsverzerrung; Es= distorsión por la
modulación; F= distorsion de modulation}.
modulation par codage delta adaptative .{F} * see adaptive
delta modulation(adm) .{E}.
modulation par impulsion et codage différentiel adptative
.{F} * see adaptive delta pulse code modulation (ADPCM)
.{D;E}.
modulation sur le nombre d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse
number modulation (PNM) .{D;E}.
modulation sur paramètres d'impulsions .{F} * see pulse
parameter modulation .{D;E}.
modulation-transfer curve .{E} * A graph which describes
a film's capacity to reproduce complex spatial frequencies.
The measurements indi-cate the effect on the image of
light diffusion within the emulsion.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= curva
de transferencia de modulación; F= courbe de transfert de
modulation}.
Modulationsrauschen .{D} * see asperity noise .{E}.
Modulationsverzerrung .{D} * see modulation distortion
.{E}.
module de patch .{F} * see patch field .{E}.
Module-10 .{F} * see Modulus-10 .{E}.
módulo 10 .{Es} * see Modulus-10 .{E}.
Modulus-10 .{E} * A mathematical formula used to
calculate the check digit in the Universal Product Code.
.{D= ?; Es= módulo 10; F= Module-10}.
moho .{Es} * see mould .{E}.

moirage .{F} * see moire .{E}.
moire .{E} * An aberration of the video signal which results
from two frequencies beating together to produce an
undesirable visual pattern. Also referred to as a "herringbone"
pattern; see also aliasing .{D;E}. .{D= ?; Es= (efecto)
moaré [moiré; muaré]; F= moirage}.
moiré .{Es} * see meshbeat; moire; herring bone .{E}.
moisissure .{F} * see mildew; mould .{E}.
molde para hacer cilindros .{Es} * see cylinder mould .{E}.
moldeo por inyección .{Es} * see injection moulding .{E}.
moment d'inertie .{F} * see moment of inertia .{E}.
moment of inertia .{E} * A measure of the rotational force
required to accelerate or decelerate such items as a reel
of tape.(46.) .{D= Trägheitsmoment; Es= momento de
inercia; F= moment d'inertie}.
momento de inercia .{Es} * see moment of inertia .{E}.
monaural .{E} * see monophonic/monaural.
monaural recorder .{E} * Literally, a tape recorder intended
for listening with one ear only; however, in popular usage
refers to single channel recorders, as distinguished from
multichannel (stereophonic, binaural, etc.) types.(16.) .{D=
monauraler Rekorder; Es= magnetófono monofónico; F=
enregistrement monophonique}.
monauraler Rekorder .{D} * see monaural recorder .{E}.
moniteur .{F} * see monitor .{D;E}.
monitor .{D;E;Es} * 1) An electronic receiver without a
tuner; it, there-fore, can not receive antenna signals, but
can deliver a signal received directly from a generating
source, such as a tape recorder or a computer.(35.) 2) To
check the quality, operational techniques, programme
content, etc., by listening and/or viewing the programme
during recording and/or re-recording.(04.) .{Es= monitor;
cinescopio de control; F= moniteur; contrôle; récepteur
témoin; écran de contrôle}.
monitor de imagen por línea .{Es} * see jeep .{E}.
monitor head .{E} * The playback device on a magnetic
tape recorder which, when connected to the proper
circuitry, makes it possible to listen to or otherwise observe
the signal directly off the tape while the recording is being
made.(50.) .{D= Wiedergabekopf; Es= cabeza monitora;
F= tête de contrôle}.
monitor speaker .{E} * 1) The loudspeakers used in a
recording studio or laboratory and, hence, implying high
quality. 2) Any loudspeakers used for listening to
recordings.(04.) .{D= Monitor-Lautsprecher; Abhör-
Kontroll-Lautsprecher; Abhör-Lautsprecher; Es= altavoz
monitor; F= haut-parleur de contrôle; moniteur
d'enregistrement}.
monitor ultravioleta .{Es} * see UV monitor .{E}.
Monitor-Lautsprecher .{D} * see monitor speaker .{E}.
mono .{E} * see monophonic.
mono-line .{E} * A CD manufactur-ing system in which
replication processes are integrated, with automated
control.39. .{D= ?; Es= monolínea; F= ligne de fabrication}.
monochrome .{F} * see black and white .{E}.
monocroma .{Es} * see black and white; black and white
152
film .{E}.
monofónico .{Es} * see monophonic .{E}.
monograma .{Es} * see monoscope .{E}.
monographic item .{E} * A non-serial item, either complete
in one physical unit or complete in a finite number of units;
such items as feature films, television documentaries, and
commercial sound recordings would all generally be
considered monographic items.12. .{D= ?; Es= objeto
monográfico; F= production monographique}.
Monohalbspur .{D} * see double track .{E}.
monolínea .{Es} * see mono-line .{E}.
monomer .{E} * A molecule of low molecular weight
capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of
low molecular weight to form a polymer.41. .{D= ?; Es=
monómero; F= monomère}.
monomère .{F} * see monomer .{E}.
monómero .{Es} * see monomer .{E}.
monophon .{D} * see monophonic .{E}.
monophonic .{E} * Sound heard from a single channel as
defined by the form of recording or transmission, not by the
number of microphones or speakers. In monophonic
sound the only spatial movement that can be simulated is
forwards and backwards; there is no sideways spread;
sometimes incorrectly called monaural; see also
stereo.(04.) .{D= monophon; Es= monofónico; F=
monophonique}.
monophonic recorde-image production work, an idea that
adjacent shots should relate to each other in a dialectic so
that A plus B has another meaning, C, which is not actually
recorded on the film. 3) In moving-image production work,
also called dynamic cutting, a highly stylized form of
editing, sometimes for the purposes of indicating a lot of
information in a short period of time.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= ?}.
monophonic recorder .{E} * A machine capable of
recording only a single channel or track of sound; see also
monaural recorder. .{D= ?; Es= magnetófono monofónico;
grabadora magnetofónica monocanal; F= taché (film)}.
montage à la lame de rasoir .{F} * see razor blade editing
.{E}.
montage alterné .{F} * see cross-cut .{E}.
montage avec recouvrement .{F} * see lap splice .{E}.
montage d'essai .{F} * see rough cut .{E}.
montage électronique .{F} * see electronic editing .{E}.
montage fin .{F} * see fine cut .{E}.
montage master .{F} * see master matching .{E}.
montage par assemblage .{F} * see asperity noise .{E}.
montage par insertion .{F} * see insert edit .{E}.
montage rapide .{F} * see rough cut .{E}.
montage simple .{F} * see linkage .{E}.
montage sur onglet .{F} * see tipping-in .{E}.
montaje .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}; editing .{E}; montage
.{E;F}; mount .{E}.

montaje con corte (de cuchilla) .{Es} * see razor blade
editing .{E}.
montaje con ventana (de obra gráfica plana) .{Es} * see
mat (matte) (2) .{E}.
montaje de elementos escénicos .{Es} * see set-up .{E}.
montaje for corte fisico .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}.
montaje original .{Es} * see master matching .{E}.
montaje previo .{Es} * see rough cut .{E}.
montant .{F} * see upright .{E}.
montante .{Es} * see upright .{E}.
montar .{Es} * see mounting .{E}.
monté .{F} * see mounted .{E}.
monter .{F} * see cut .{E}.
monture .{F} * see mount .{E}.
MOR .{E} * acronym for magneto-optical recording.
MOS .{E} * acronym for metal oxide semi-conductor.
Mosse .{D} * see ground .{E}.
most significant bit (MSB) .{E} * The bit within a digital
word that is the highest weighted.39. .{D= ?; Es= bit
[dígito] más significativo; F= bit le plus significatif}.
mot (numérique) .{F} * see word .{E}.
mot clé .{F} * see keyword .{E}.
moteado .{Es} * see foxing .{E}; mottled .{E}.
mother .{E} * In disc replication, the negative mould
intermediate between a father and a stamper; formed by
nickel plating of the metal father.(10.) .{D= Mutter; Es=
madre; F= mère}.
motion pictures .{E} * A series of still-images collected onto
a flexible and transparent piece of film so that they can be
projected in a rapid sequence so as to give the illusion of
motion; also called cinefilm (Canada), cinematograph film
(Australia).(22.) .{D= Film; Spielfilm; Es= película
cinematográfica; película de cine; cine; filme; película; F=
film; film cinématographique}.
motorboating .{E} * Audio frequency interference caused
by oscillation in an amplifier. .{D= ?; Es= interferencia
acústica; F= bruit d'interférence}.
mottled .{E} * A film with a cloudy or spotted surface. .{D=
?; Es= moteado; manchado; F= tache}.
moulage de cylindre .{F} * see cylinder mould .{E}.
moule .{F} * see mould .{E}.
mount .{E} * A board onto which something is pasted to
protect, preserve, or display it.(19.) .{D= ?; Es= montaje;
F= monture; carton de montage}.
mounted .{E} * A cutting, print, photograph, page, or similar
item which is pasted on a mount.19. .{D= ?; Es= montado;
F= monté}.
mounting .{E} * The activity of attaching graphics or other
tw-dimensional materials to cloth, cardboard, or other
surfaces. These materials may be attached by paste or
glue or by a dry-mount-ing process in which a heat-
153
sensitive intermediary paper is used and heat and
pressure are applied to meld the materials to the
surface.01. .{D= ?; Es= montar; F= installation; montage}.
mounting plate .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a device
for holding the head body and mounting it into the tape
transport. It is the reference surface for most mechanical
measurements.46. .{D= Kopfträger; Es= placa [platina] de
montaje; F= plan de montage (bloc de têtes)}.
mouvement de caméra .{F} * see roll .{E}.
mouvement intermittent .{F} * see intermittent movement
.{E}.
mouvement saccadé .{F} * see intermittent movement .{E}.
movimiento de cámara .{Es} * see roll (2) .{E}.
movimiento intermitente .{Es} * see intermittent movement
.{E}.
movimiento rápido .{Es} * see fast motion (accelerated
motion) .{E}.
movimiento retardado .{Es} * see stretch (1) .{E}.
moving coil .{E} * Synonymous for electrodynamic
transducer. .{D= Elektrodynamisch; dynamisch; Es=
bobina móvil; F= bobine mobile}.
moving magnet .{E} * Synonymous for a electromagnetic
transducer. .{D= Elektromagnetisch; magnetisch; Es=
imán móvil; F= aimant mobil}.
moving-image materials .{E} * A generic term for the range
of physical forms upon which visual images, with or without
sound, have been recorded or registered and which create
the illusion of movement when projected, broadcast, or
played back; includes flip cards, motion picture film,
television, and video.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= animación por
imágenes; F= système de prise de vue; see also aimant
mobile}.
Moviola .{D;E;Es;F} * A motion picture editing machine
for both picture and sound. see also Steenbeck.30.
MP .{E} * acronym for metal particle tape.
MR .{E} * acronym for magnetic recorder/ing.
MSB .{E} * acronym for most significant bit.
muaré .{Es} * see meshbeat .{E}; moire .{E}.
muchacha de china literalmente, (retrato usado para
comprobar el color y la alineación de vídeo) .{Es} * see
china girl .{E}.
muddy .{E} * An expression that refers to a lack of
definition or clarity in an audio recording, playback system,
or sound reinforcement system. Can be caused by many
factors, including distortion, excess bass, or deficient mid
and high frequencies.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= turbio; empañado;
F= confus; turbidité}.
mudo .{Es} * see mute .{E}.
muesca .{Es} * see notch .{E}.
muestreo .{Es} * see sampling .{E}.
muestreo discreto del tiempo .{Es} * see discrete time
sampling .{E}.
muet .{F} * see mute .{E}.
mull .{E} * A soft, sheer fabric of cotton or silk.(10.) .{D= ?;

Es= muselina; F= ?}.
multi-part items .{E} * A limited series or serial comprising
two or more distinct items, no one of which is identifiable
as being of primary importance.12. .{D= ?; Es= objetos
compuesto por varias partes de importancia equivalente;
F= ?}.
multiburst .{E} * A television test signal made up of a
series of "burst" of signals at distinct frequencies for
evaluating the frequency response of video equipment.
.{D= ?; Es= ráfaga [frecuencia] múltiple; F= multisalve}.
multimedia item .{E} * An item containing two or more
categories of material, no one of which is identifiable as
the predominant constituent of the item; see also kit.(03.)
.{D= ?; Es= objeto multimedia; F= article multimedia
multisuppor}.
multipath .{E} * In television broadcast reception, multipath
is when the main transmitted signal arrives at the receiver
along with a secondary reflected duplicate signal which
combine to cause a visual ghost to be displayed on the
screen. Multipath is an undesirable distortion; see also
ghost-image. .{D= ?; Es= transmisión por trayectoria
múltiple; F= distorsion de réception}.
multiple analogue component (MAC) .{E} * A technical
term which describes a family of time-division multiplex
signal formats in which the video luminance and its
chrominance components are time-compressed and
transmitted sequentially. Also referred to as MAC. The
MAC family includes several formats including ACLE, A-
MAC, B-MAC, C-MAC, D-MAC, HD-MAC, HD-MAC60, and
MUSE. .{D= ?; Es= componente análogo múltiple; F=
composantes analogiques multiplexées (dans le temps)}.
multiple exposure .{E} * A double or triple exposure of film
materials; NB not to be confused with multiple image.30.
.{D= ?; Es= imagen múltiple; F= expositions multiples;
surimpression}.
multiple sub-Nyquist sampling and encoding system
(MUSE) .{E} ** A proposed simulcast television format
developed in Japan for the transmission of HDTV signals
by satellite in which the signal is subjected to repeated
sampling processes, at least one of which is below the
Nyquist rate. MUSE is one of the MAC family of formats.
Also see narrow MUSE. .{D= ?; Es= sistema múltiple sub-
Nyquist de muestreo y codificación; F= ?}.
multiplexage .{F} * see multiplexing .{E}.
multiplexing .{E} * The process of combining independent
signals and conveying them along a single conductor; see
also FM-stereo.39. .{D= ?; Es= combinación de señales
independientes; F= multiplexage; multiplex}.
multisalve .{F} * see multiburst .{E}.
mündliche Überlieferung .{D} * see oral history .{E}.
muñeca cilíndrica parlante .{Es} * see talking doll record
.{E}.
murmure .{F} * see chatter .{E}.
MUSE .{E} * acronym for multiple sub-Nyquist sampling
and encoding system.
MUSE à bande étroite .{F} * see narrow MUSE .{E}.
MUSE de banda estrecha .{Es} * see narrow MUSE .{E}.
muselina .{Es} * see mull .{E}.
music and effects track .{E} * 1) In moving-image
productions, a sound tape or track containing all sound
154
except the spoken word, often intended for international
use to allow the easier production of different language
versions. 2) The mixed wild track and narration used for
final mixing onto answer prints from a and b rolls; see also
mixing tracks.(06.) (12.06.) .{D= Musik- und Geräuschspur;
internationales Tonband; IT-and; Es= banda sonora
internacional; danda internacional de sonido; banda de
música y efectos; F= 1) bande musique et effets sonores
2) bande son de mixage; son international; bande son
internationale; piste sonore internationale}.
music box disc .{E} * see perforated disc.
Musik- und Geräuschspur .{D} * see music and effects
track .{E}.
musique surajoutée .{F} * see over-dub .{E}.
Musterkopie .{D} * see checkprint .{E}.
mute .{E} * A moving-image production whose content
leads one to expect that a soundtrack may be added, but
which lacks sound.(12.) .{D= stummscholfen; Es= mudo;
F= muet}.
Mutter .{D} * see mother .{E}.
Mylar .{D;E;Es;F} * A clear polyester film plastic
manufactured by the Dupont Co., used in many types of
magnetic recording tape; see also polyester.(04.).
n --n
.{E} * abbreviation for nano-.
N.G. .{E} * acronym for no good.
N-A .{F} * see D-A .{E}.
NA .{E} * acronym for numerical aperture.
NA .{F} * see DA .{E}.
NAB curve .{E} * The standard playback equalization curve
for audio tape recording set by the National Association of
Broadcasters. .{D= NAB-Entzerrung; Es= curva NAB
(acrónimo de Asociación Nacional de Radiodifusores de
EEUU); F= courbe NAB}.
NAB hub .{E} * A standard set by the National Association
of Broadcasters for the hubs of 10½-inch and 14-inch
diameter reels of professional recording tape. .{D= NAB-
Kern; Es= cubo tipo NAB; F= noyau NAB}.
NAB-A, -B, -C .{E;F} * The three standard sizes of audio
magnetic tape cartridges: A = 4-inches x 5½-inches; B = 6inches
x 7-inches; C = 7#-inches x 8¼-inches; all are a
maximum height of .9375-inch.(10.) .{D= ?; Es=
contnedores estándar de cintas audio magnéticas usados
por la NAB; F= ?}.
NAB-Kern .{D} * see NAB hub .{E}.
Nach-Bearbeitung .{D} * see post-production .{E}.
Nachaufnahme .{D} * see retake .{E}.
Nachgiebigkeit (Nadel) .{D} * see compliance .{E}.
Nachlaß .{D} * see collection .{E;F}.
Nachsynchronisation .{D} * see dubbing; postsynchronization
.{E}.
nacré .{F} * see beaded screen .{E}.
Nadel .{D} * see stylus .{E}.

Name .{D} * see Cinecittà .{D;E}.
Namensvorspann .{D} * see credits .{E}.
NAND gate .{E} * see AND gate .{E}.
nano- (n) .{D;E;Es;F} * A prefix for one billionth (10-9).
Nasskopie .{D} * see liquid gate printing .{E}.
National Television Systems Committee (NTSC)
.{D;E;Es;F} * A U.S. industry wide committee organized in
1940 that formulated the NTSC standard of 525 lines, 60
fields.(06.10.)
naturalism .{E} * A theory of literature and film which
supposes a scientific determinism, i.e., that the actions of
a character are predetermined by biological, psychological
or sociological laws. Often wrongly confused with realism,
it does not simply mean 'natmeaning a spiral scratch
caused by the stylus leaving the modulated groove and
skipping across the surface during playback.(04.) .{D= ?;
Es= ?; F= ?}.
needle-cut records .{E} * see lateral-cut.
négatif .{F} * see copy negative .{E}.
négatif image .{F} * see picture negative .{E}.
négatif original .{F} * see master negative; original negative
.{E}.
négatif séparé .{F} * see separation negative .{E}.
négatif son .{F} * see sound negative .{E}.
négatif sur plaque de verre .{F} * see glass plate negatives
.{E}.
Negativ Bild .{D} * see picture negative .{E}.
Negativ-Positiv-Verfahren .{D} * see negative-positive
process .{E}.
negative .{E} * 1) Developed film that contains a reversedtone
image of the original object. Light areas of the image
are represented by heavy or dark deposits of silver, and
the dark portions are light or transparent. When negatives
are printed on paper or film, positive images are produced
in which the tone values are similar to what they were on
the original object.43. 2) Used to desig-nate any of the
following (in either black-and-white or colour): (a) the raw
stock specifically designed for negative images; (b) the
negative image; (c) negative raw stock that has been
exposed but has not been processed; or (d) processed film
bearing a negative image.(09.) {D= Negativmaterial; Es=
negativo; F= négatif; épreuve négative}.
negative curl .{E} * see curl.
negative image .{E} * 1) A photographic image in which the
values of light and shade of the origi-nal photographed
subject are repre-sented in inverse order. In a negative
image light objects of the original subject are represented
by high densities and dark objects are represented by low
densities. In a colour negative. Colours are rep-resented
by their complementary colour.09. 2) An image in which
blacks are white and vice-versa; see also solarization.30.
.{D= ?; Es= imagen invertida (negativa); F= image
négative}.
negative-positive process .{E} * Any photographic
operation in which a positive image is obtained by primary
development of a latent image made by printing from a
negative.09. .{D= Negativ-ositiv-Verfahren; Es= proceso
de positivado; procedimiento de positivado; F= processus
négatif-positif; procès négatif-positif; procédé négatif-
155
positif}.
negativo .{Es?} * see negative .{E}.
negativo .{Es} * see master (3); master negative .{E}.
negativo de imagen .{Es} * see picture negative .{E}.
negativo de separación (cine en color) .{Es} * see
separation negative .{E}.
negativo de separación (cine en color) .{Es} * see
separation negative .{E}.
negativo de sonido .{Es} * see sound negative (2) .{E}.
negativo imágen .{Es} * see picture negative .{E}.
negativo intermedio .{Es} * see intermediate negative;
internegative .{E}.
negativo original .{Es} * see master negative .{E}; original
negative .{E}.
negativo original de preservación .{Es} * see preservation
master negative .{E}.
negativo para cámara .{Es} * see camera negative .{E}.
negativo sonoro .{Es} * see sound negative (1) .{E}.
negativos en placas de vidrio .{Es} * see glass plate
negatives .{E}.
négatoscope .{F} * see light box .{E}.
negatoscopio .{Es} * see light table .{E}.
negatoscopio [mesa luminosa] .{Es} * see light table .{E}.
nègre .{F} * see gobo .{E}.
nègre : tableau noir .{F} * see cue card .{E}.
negro de humo .{Es} * see carbon black .{E}.
negro neutro .{Es} * see neutral-black .{E}.
neige .{F} * see noise .{E}.
neo-réalisme .{F} * see neorealism .{E}.
neorealism .{E} * A kind of film making characterized by
the use of non-professional actors, socially-conscious
themes, and some hand-held camera work; see also
realism.30. .{D= ?; Es= neorealismo; F= neo-réalisme}.
neorealismo .{Es} * see neorealism .{E}.
nerviosismo .{Es} * see dither .{D;E}.
netteté .{F} * see sharpness .{E}.
nettoyage .{F} * see cleaning .{E}.
nettoyage aux ultra-sons .{F} * see ultrasonic cleaning .{E}.
nettoyage-bobinage .{F} * see winder-cleaner .{E}.
network .{E} * 1) A group of broadcast stations, either radio
and/or television, in different locations that share facilities
and programmes. 2) The parent company which
coordinates functions for its participating group of
broadcast stations, often producing programmes for
broadcast within the network.(12.) 3) In computer
workstations, a system where one computer program or
data file can be accessed from a number of terminals.{D=
?; Es= red; cadena; F= station; réseau (radio-télévision);

éseau}.
Netzgerät .{D} * see power supply .{E}.
Netzkabel .{D} * see power cord .{E}.
Netzteil .{D} * see power supply .{E}.
Neuausgabe .{D} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.
neutral .{E;Es} * Concerning acidity, having a pH of 7.0;
neither acid nor alkaline; see also neutral ph.(17.) .{D= ?;
Es= neutro; F= neutre}.
neutral density filters .{E} * A refining device used in stilland
moving-image film processing to reduce the intensity
of light reaching the film without affecting the tonal
rendition of colours in the scene, thus making it possible to
film in bright sunlight using high-speed film without having
to use very small lens openings.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= filtro
neutro; filtro gris; filtro de gris neutro; F= filtre de densité
neutre}.
neutral pH .{E} * Exhibiting neither acid nor base (alkaline)
qualities; 7.0 on the pH scale; see also neutral; pH. .{D= ?;
Es= pH neutro; F= pH neutre}.
neutral test card .{E} * In photography and moving-image
work, a commercially prepared card, one side of which has
a neutral 18% reflection that has the appearance of
medium grey, the other side has a neutral reflection of
90% and has the visual appearance of stark white.09. .{D=
?; Es= carta [tarjeta] de la prueba neutra [o del neutro]; F=
carte test neutre}.
neutral-black .{E} * In photography, an image in which the
picture is a dark grey without any observable tints such as
blue-black or brown-lack.42. .{D= ?; Es= negro neutro; F=
noir neutre}.
neutralization and alkalization .{E} * see deacidification.
neutre .{F} * see infrasonic; neutral .{E}.
neutro .{Es} * see neutral .{E}.
new candle .{E} * see candela.
new wave .{E;Es} * Basically film makers who got their
start as critics on Cahiers du Cinema in the late 1950s and
who owe a debt to the influence of André Bazin. The term
is also used more widely to include all the young French
film makers of the 1960s.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= nueva ola;
nouvelle vague/; F= nouvelle vague}.
New American cinema .{E} * The 'personal cinema' of
indepen-dent film makers in the U.S. since World War II,
characterized by a lyric, poetic, and experimental
approach.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= Nuevo Cine Americano; F=
cinéma nouvelle Amérique}.
news clip .{E} * One or more segments edited from
newsreels and/or television news broadcasts.12. .{D= ?;
Es= cortes [clips] de noticias [de actualidades]; F=
séquence d'actualités}.
news film .{E} * 1) In television broadcasts, such materials
as spot news, interviews, features, sports, etc. 2) A term to
describe footage which appears to have been intended for
a theatrical newsreel or photographed by a newsreel
company, but can not be positively identified as such.(12.)
.{D= ?; Es= noticiario; película de actualidades; F= film
d'actualités; bande d'actualités}.
newsreel .{E} * A non-fiction film, or series of such films,
released theatrically in periodic issues, each issue
consisting of a number of stories reporting and
commenting on recent events.12. .{D= Wochenschau;
156
Reportage-Film; Es= noticiario; pélicula de reportaje;
reportaje; diario cinematográfico; F= actualités; film
d'actualité; film de reportage; journal cinématographique}.
NFPA .{E} * acronym for National Fire Protection
Association.
NFPA 40 .{D;E;Es;F} * The current standard in the U.S. for
storage and handling of cellulose nitrate based motion
picture film developed by the U.S.'s National Fire
Protection Association as NFPA 40 : standard for the
storage and handling of cellulose nitrate motion picture
film. (NFPA, 1988.)
nichtlineare Verzerrung .{D} * see non-linear distortion .{E}.
nichtwässrige Lösung .{D} * see nonaqueous solvent .{E}.
nick .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound
recordings referring to a visible pit, dig, or break in the
surface of the recording which will probably cause some
degree of sonic distortion; similar to needle dig.(04.) .{D=
?; Es= mella; melladura; F= "paille"}.
Nipkow disk .{E} * Early video image pickup devices were
termed scanners because they formed a raster of a scene
or film by scanning it with a bright spot of light. The Nipkow
disk was the earliest mechanical image scanner and was
replaced by the Farnsworth image dissector. .{D= ?; Es=
disco Nipkow; F= disque de Nipkov}.
Nipper .{E} * see Little Nipper.
nitidez .{Es} * see sharpness .{E}.
nitrate based film .{E} * see cellulose nitrate film.
nitrate film .{E} * see cellulose nitrate film.
Nitratfilm .{D} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.
nitrato de celulosa .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate (1) .{E}.
niveau .{F} * see level .{E}.
niveau de bruit .{F} * see noise level .{E}.
niveau de noir .{F} * see set-up .{E}.
niveau de perception sonore .{F} * see loudness .{E}.
niveau de suppression .{F} * see blanking level .{E}.
niveau du noir .{F} * see black level .{E}.
niveau du noir (signal vidéo) .{F} * see pedestal .{E}.
niveau moyen (d'un signal vidéo) .{F} * see average picture
level (apl) .{E}.
nivel .{Es} * see level .{E}.
nivel de borrado .{Es} * see blanking level .{E}.
nivel de error .{Es} * see error ratio .{E}.
nivel de luminancia .{Es} * see luminance ratio .{E}.
nivel de luminosidad .{Es} * see brightness range .{E}.
nivel de ruido .{Es} * see noise level .{E}.
nivel de supresión (del haz) .{Es} * see blanking level .{E}.
nivel del negro .{Es} * see black level .{E}.
nivel medio de la señal de imagen .{Es} * see average
picture level (apl) .{E}.

niveles de audiencia .{Es} * see cool and hot media .{E}.
NMA .{E} * acronym for National Micrographics
Association.
no compatible .{Es} * see noncompatibility .{E}.
no usado .{Es} * see mint .{E}.
node .{E} * A point of zero amplitude of vibration on a
stationary wave.39. .{D= ?; Es= nodo; F= point nodal}.
nodo .{Es} * see node .{E}.
noir codé .{F} * see black burst .{E}.
noir couleur .{F} * see colour black .{E}.
noir et blanc .{F} * see black and white .{E}.
noir neutre .{F} * see neutral-black .{E}.
noir-vidéo-noir (NVN) .{F} * see black-video-black (BVB)
.{E}.
noise .{E} * 1) In audio and moving-image media, any
spurious signal.39. 2) In magnetic tape recording, any
unwanted electrical disturbances in the transmission and
reception of data over a communications channel,
generally created by such as electron-ic equipment,
heads, and also by rough or non-homogeneous oxide
coatings on magnetic tape. Mostly confined to the
extremes of the audible frequency spectrum where it
occurs as hum and/or hiss. May be reduced to negligible
levels by good machine and tape design; see also ambient
noise; low noise tape; random noise; white noise.(16.07.)
.{D= Geräusch; Rauschen; Es= ruido; F= neige; bruit}.
noise floor .{E} * The level at which noise exists in an
electronic device, audio system, or tape recorder,
measured in the absence of sound signal; see also
quiescent noise.04. 2) The lowest thresh-old of useful
signal level.39. .{D= Rauschpegel; Es= ruido de fondo; F=
bruit de fond}.
noise level .{E} * The level of rms electronic noise in dBm
measured over a defined noise bandwidth.46. .{D=
Rauschpegel; Es= nivel de ruido; F= niveau de bruit}.
noise pulse .{E} * A spurious signal of short duration that
occurs during reproduction of a tape and is of a magnitude
considerably in excess of the average peak value of the
ordinary system noise.46. .{D= ?; Es= impulso de ruido; F=
impulsion de bruit}.
noise-shaping circuit .{E} * A numer-ical feedback circuit
used in some CD players to increase signal-to--noise
ratio.39. .{D= ?; Es= circuito formador [configurador] de
ruidos; F= circuit de conformation de bruit}.
noise-suppression system .{E} * In the broadest meaning,
the recognition and removal of unwanted audio data in an
audio record and/or playback system. Non-linear, or
transient noise and continuous noise suppression systems
include OWL and Packburn; linear noise suppression
systems include ANSR, CEDAR, Dbx, Dolby, and No-
Noise. The various systems are incompatible, thus a
recording made incorporating one of the systems can only
be satisfactorily replayed by decoding it with the proper
decoder. .{D= geräuschunterdrückungs-System; ?; Es=
sistema de supresión de ruidos; F= système de réduction
de bruit}.
nom d'étiquette .{F} * see label name .{E}.
nom prédominant (cat) .{F} * see predominant name .{E}.
nombre d'ouverture .{F} * see numerical aperture (NA) .{E}.
157
nombre de archivo en pantalla .{Es} * see title screen
(computer files) .{E}.
nombre de su ubicación .{Es} * see broadcast station (2)
.{E}.
nombre identificativo .{Es} * see label name .{E}.
nombre predominante .{Es} * see predominant name .{E}.
nombres décimaux codés binaires .{F} * see Binary-Coded
Decimal numbers (BCD) .{E}.
nomograma .{Es} * see nomograph .{E;F}.
nomograph .{E;F} * A device used for calculating the effect
of a filter on colour temperature.(09.) .{D= ?; Es=
nomograma; ábaco}.
non modulé .{F} * see blank groove .{E}.
non piqué .{F} * see soft focus .{E}.
non retour à zéro .{F} * see non-return-to-zero (NRZ) .{E}.
non retour à zéro inversé .{F} * see non-return-to-zeroinverted
(NRZI) .{E}.
non synchrone .{F} * see asynchronous .{E}.
non synhrone .{F} * see out of sync .{E}.
non-book materials .{E} * see non-print materials.
non-drop frame .{E} * A type of time code used to label
every video frame consecutively. It is not altered to reflect
the slower frame rate of colour television, i.e. it is not
precisely clock accurate. .{D= ?; Es= código de
numeración del tiempo de cada fotograma de un vídeo
consecutivamente; F= codage temporel "non-drop frame"}.
non-linear distortion .{E} * Spectral artifacts introduced by
the distortion of the waveform, including harmonic and
inter-modulation distortion. .{D= nichtlineare Verzerrung;
Es= distorsión no lineal; F= distorsion non linéaire}.
non-photoresist (NPR) .{E;F} * An alternative CD mastering
method.39. .{D= ?; Es= (NPR) sistema no-fotoresistente
(grabación de discos compactos)}.
non-print materials .{E} * Those archive and/or library
materials which do not come within the definition of a book,
periodical or pamphlet, e.g. audiovisual materials, vertical
file materials, microforms or computer software.19. .{D= ?;
Es= materiales no impresos [copiados, editados]; F=
matériaux non imprimés}.
non-return-to-zero (NRZ) .{E} * A digital code in which
polarity changes positively with a 0/1 sig-nal change, and
negatively with a 1/0 signal change.39. .{D= ?; Es= sin
retorno a cero; F= non retour à zéro}.
non-reversing film .{E} * see direct image film.
nonaqueous solvent .{E} * Chemicals (other than water)
used to dissolve other chemicals. Nonaqueous solvents
used in deacidification techniques include methanol.53.
.{D= nichtwässrige Lösung; Es= disolvente no acuoso; F=
solvent non aqueux}.
noncompatibility .{E} * Composite colour is said to be
compatible with the monochrome format if its
transmissions can be received on monochrome receivers
and, and monochrome transmissions can be received on
colour receivers. The NTSC system is fully compatible. If
a system fails these test it is noncompatible. .{D= ?; Es=
no compatible [incompatible]; F= incompatibilité}.

norma .{Es} * see standard .{E}.
norma de sensibilidad .{Es} * see pattern sensitivity .{E}.
norma de sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization
pattern .{E}.
norma de televisión NTSC .{Es} * see NTSC television
standard .{E}.
normalspiel .{D} * see standard play (SP) .{E}.
normas de archivo (calidad de los materiales) .{Es} * see
archival standards .{E}.
norme .{F} * see standard .{E}.
norme basse fréquence .{F} * see lowband standard
.{D;E}.
norme de télévision NTSC .{F} * see NTSC television
standard .{E}.
normes d'archivage .{F} * see archival standards .{E}.
normes de teinture bleue .{F} * see blue wool light fastness
standards .{E}.
nota (aclaratoria) .{Es} * see note .{E}.
nota analítico (-a) .{Es} * see analytical note .{E}.
notch .{E} * 1) A recess cut into the edge of negative film
that is read by some printers to change the light intensity.
2) A physical mark made on film for identification in a
darkroom.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= corte; incisión; muesca; F=
encoch; entaille}.
notch-filter .{E} * An electronic screen with a characteristic
reject of very specific band frequencies (ideally a single
frequency) which allows the frequencies above and below
to remain unaffected. .{D= notch-Filter; Es= filtro de
muesca; F= filtre sélectif}.
notch-Filter .{D} * see notch-filter .{E}.
note .{E} * In a bibliographic record, a brief comment or
explanation about the bibliographic description, history, or
content the cited item, which does not fit into other areas
of a standardized bibliographic citation. Notes are formal
when they are introduced by a standardized word or
phrase, followed by a colon, space; otherwise, they are
considered informal.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= nota (aclaratoria); F=
note d'explication}.
note analytique .{F} * see analytical note .{E}.
note d'explication .{F} * see note .{E}.
notice catalographique .{F} * see contents note .{E}.
notice catalographique .{F} * see main entry .{E}.
noticiario .{Es} * see news film .{E}; newsreel .{E}.
noticiario de televisión .{Es} * see television news .{E}.
Notstandsplan .{D} * see disaster control plan .{E}.
Notstandsplanung .{D} * see disaster control plan .{E}.
nouveau pressage .{F} * see re-pressing .{E}.
nouvelle sortie .{F} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.
nouvelle vague .{Es;F} * see new wave .{E}.
nouvelle version .{F} * see remake .{E}.
158
Nova Sina Mik 3000 .{D;E;Es;F} * see electronic
hygrometer.
novela o película en episodios .{Es} * see serial (2,3,4)
.{E;F}.
noyau .{F/B} * see core; hub; soft core material .{E}.
noyau DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) .{F} * see DIN hub
.{E}.
noyau NAB .{F} * see NAB hub .{E}.
noyau see soft core material .{E}.
NPR .{E} * acronym for non-photoresist; National Public
Radio .{E}.
NR .{E} * acronym for needle run.
NRMM .{E} * acronym for National Register of Microform
Masters.
NRZ .{E} * acronym for non-return-to-zero.
NRZI .{E} * acronym for non-return-to-zero-inverted.
NTSC .{E} * acronym for National Television Systems
Committee.
NTSC signal .{E} * see NTSC-m.
NTSC standard .{E} * see NTSC-m.
NTSC video format .{E} * see NTSC-m.
NTSC-m .{D;E;Es;F} * The colour television standard used
in the U.S., Japan, and elsewhere (mainly the Pacific basin
area), prepared by the National Television Systems
Committee of the Electronics Industries Association, using
525 lines, 60 fields, and 30 frames per second; see also
PAL; SECAM.(39.06.)
nuance .{F} * see hue .{E}.
NUC .{E/US} * acronym for National Union Catalog.
núcleo .{Es} * see core; hub .{E}.
núcleo (cintas magnéticas) .{Es} * see soft core material
(1) .{E}.
núcleo de un disco laminado .{Es} * see core (2) .{E}.
núcleo DIN .{Es} * see DIN hub .{E}.
nueva versión .{Es} * see remake .{E}.
nuevo .{Es} * see mint .{E}.
nuevo prensado .{Es} * see re-pressing .{E}.
nuevo registro .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.
Nuevo Cine Americano .{Es} * see New American cinema
.{E}.
Nullkopie .{D} * see answer print .{E}.
Number System Character (NSC) .{E} * see Universal
Product Code (UPC).
numeración con tinta visible .{Es} * see visible ink edge
numbering .{E}.
numeración en el borde de la imagen latente (proceso de
la casa Kodak para numerar sus películas en los bordes)
.{Es} * see latent image edge numbering .{E}.

numerical aperture (NA) .{E} * A measure of the relative
capacity of an optical system to accept light from an
outside medium.39. .{D= ?; Es= abertura mecánica; F=
nombre d'ouverture; diaphragme; aperture numérique}.
numérisation .{F} * see digitization .{E}.
numérisation des images .{F} * see image scanner .{E}.
numéro (de bord) de l'image latente .{F} * see latent image
edge numbering .{E}.
numéro d'édition .{F} * see publisher's number .{E}.
numéro d'identification du film .{F} * see film identification
number .{E}.
numéro de matrice .{F} * see issue number; matrix number
.{E}.
numéro de production .{E} * see production number .{E}.
numéro de référence du film .{F} * see film strip reference
number .{E}.
Numéro International Normalisé des Enregistrements .{F}
* see International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN)
.{D;E}.
Numéro International Normalisé des Publications en Série
.{F} * see International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN)
{E}
Numéro International Normalisé des Livres .{F} * see
International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN) .{E}.
número arbitrario de bits que comprende una unidad
operacional de información .{Es} * see byte .{E}.
número de catálogo .{Es} * see catalogue number (cat.
no.) .{E}.
número de copias de una publicación .{Es} * see edition
(2) .{E}.
número de editor .{Es} * see publisher's number .{E}.
número de emisión .{Es} * see issue number .{E}.
número de identificación de una película .{Es} * see film
identification number .{E}.
número de producción .{Es} * see production number .{E}.
número de referencia de tira de película .{Es} * see film
strip reference number .{E}.
número del catálogo del album .{Es} * see album number
.{E}.
número estándar .{Es} * see standard number .{E}.
número marginal .{Es} * see edge numbers .{E}.
número matriz .{Es} * see matrix number .{E}.
Número Internacional Normalizado para Publicaciones
Seriadas o Revistas .{Es} * see International Standard
Serial Numbering (ISSN) .{E}.
numéros d'index .{F} * see index numbers .{E}.
numéros de bord .{F} * see edge numbers .{E}.
numéros de piste .{F} * see track numbers .{E}.
números de dígitos decimales codificados binariamente
.{Es} * see Binary-Coded Decimal numbers (BCD) .{E}.
159
números de pista .{Es} * see track numbers .{E}.
números índice .{Es} * see index numbers .{E}.
Nummer .{D} * see volume .{E;F}.
NVN .{F} * see BVB .{E}.
Nyquist theorem .{E} * see sampling theorem (Nyquist).
o --o
del neutro .{Es} * see neutral test card .{E}.
o-phenyl phenol .{E} * see ortho-phenyl phenol.
Oberflächen-Eindruckmarken .{D} * see surface imprint
.{E}.
Oberflächenbehandlung .{D} * see surface treatment .{E}.
Oberflächenstörungen .{D} * see surface noise .{E}.
objectif .{F} * see target .{E}.
objectif (lentille) .{F} * see lens .{E}.
objectif achromatique .{F} * see achromatic lens .{E}.
objectif anamorphoseur .{F} * see anamorphic lens .{E}.
objectif anastigmatique .{F} * see anastigmatic lens .{E}.
objectif astigmatique .{F} * see asynchronous; astigmatic
lens .{E}.
objectif de longue focale .{F} * see telephoto lens .{E}.
objectif grand angulaire .{F} * see wide-angle lens .{E}.
objectif traité .{F} * see coated lens .{E}.
objectif très grand angulaire .{F} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.
objective lens .{E} * The optical component used in optical
media pickups to focus LASER light on the disc data
surface.39. .{D= Transfokator (Gummilinse); Es= objetivo;
lente de foco variable (trafocador); F= lentille d'objectif;
lentille objectif; objectif à distance focale variable}.
objetivo .{Es} * see mire; objective lens .{E}; target (3) .{E}.
objetivo acromático .{Es} * see achromatic lens .{E}.
objetivo anamórfica .{Es} * see anamorphic lens .{E}.
objetivo anastigmática .{Es} * see anastigmatic lens .{E}.
objetivo astigmática .{Es} * see astigmatic lens .{E}.
objetivo catadipótrico .{Es} * see catadioptric lens .{E}.
objetivo cilíndricas .{Es} * see cylindrical lens .{E}.
objetivo de ojo de pez .{Es} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.
objetivo técnico .{Es} * see technical target .{E}.
objeto cilíndrico para enrollar cintas .{Es} * see core (1)
.{E}.
objeto en tres dimensiones .{Es} * see realia .{E}.
objeto monográfico .{Es} * see monographic item .{E}.
objeto multimedia .{Es} * see multimedia item .{E}.
objetos compuesto por varias partes de importancia

equivalente .{Es} * see multi-part items .{E}.
oblique light .{E} * A light which is viewed as reflected from
a surface at a shallow angle and which shows the
maximum relief of the reflecting surface.42. .{D= ?; Es= luz
oblicua; F= lumière oblique}.
obra de arte original (en contraposición a una
reproducción) .{Es} * see art original .{E}.
obstrucción del cabezal .{Es} * see head clog .{E}.
obturador .{Es} * see shutter .{E}.
obturador de borrado .{Es} * see blanking shutter .{E}.
obturateur .{F} * see shutter .{E}.
octava .{Es} * see octave .{D;E;F}.
octave .{D;E;F} * The interval between two frequencies of
sound or electrical energy having a ratio of 2:1.16. .{Es=
octava}.
octet .{F} * see byte .{E}.
octeto .{Es} * see byte .{E}.
oculto .{Es} * see concealment .{E}.
odd field .{E} * see field.
Oe .{E} * abbreviation for Oersted.
OEM .{E} * acronym for original equipment manufac-turer.
Oersted (Oe) .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A unit measurement of
magnetic field strength.46. 2) The CGS unit for
coercivity.57. 3) The CGS unit of magnetizing force,
(symbol H), equal to a magnetomotive force of 1 gilbert
acting over a length of 1 cm; named after Hans C.
Oersted, a Danish physicist.10.
oeuvre originale (non reproduite) .{F} * see art original .{E}.
oeuvre reproduite .{F} * see art print .{E}.
off-Line .{E} * An audio or video editing procedure where
the end product is an edit decision list (EDL) capable of
being assembled in an on-line mode. .{D= ?; Es= fuerza de
línea; independencia de línea; F= procédé de montage
audio ou vidéo}.
offene Spule .{D} * see open reel .{E}.
offener Wickel .{D} * see pancake .{E}.
offset .{E} * The difference in the number of frames
between begin -access time and actual start time. A safety
margin for player muting/de-muting.39. .{D= Offset; Es=
balance; compensación; desviación; desnivel; F=
décalage; désaxer}.
Offset .{D} * see offset .{E}.
ohm .{D;E;Es;F} * The basic unit of electrical resistance
and reactance named after Georg Simon Ohm, German
physicist. Ohm's law was a result of his researches in
electricity, and the measure of resistance is called
ohm.(10.)
ombrage continu .{F} * see drop shadow .{E}.
ombre .{F} * see shadow .{E}.
ombre projetée .{F} * see drop shadow .{E}.
omega .{E} * see alpha .{E}.
160
omni-player .{E} * A CD-VIDEO player that will play CD-I
discs. .{D= ?; Es= reproductor de vídeo y CD-I; F= lecteur
multi format}.
on-line .{E} * An audio or video editing procedure where
the end product is the complete finished tape. .{D= ?; Es=
en línea; de entrada directa; acoplado al sistema; F= en
ligne}.
onda estacionaria .{Es} * see stationary wave .{E}.
onda portadora intermedia .{Es} * see subcarrier .{E}.
onda sinusoidal .{Es} * see sine wave .{E}.
onde sinusoïdale .{F} * see sine wave .{E}.
onde stationnaire .{F} * see stationary wave .{E}.
ondear una bandera .{Es} * see flag-waving .{E}.
ondulación .{Es} * see curl/curling .{E}; edge roll/lift .{E};
flutter .{E}.
ondulación de la cinta .{Es} * see tape weave .{E}.
ondulaciones .{Es} * see cockle/cockling .{E}; waviness
.{E}.
ondulado .{Es} * see blocked pack .{E}.
ondulado (cintas) .{Es} * see blocked pack .{E}.
ondulation .{F} * see curl/curling .{E}.
ondulation de la bande .{F} * see tape-to-head separation
changes; tape weave .{E}.
ondulation de la bordure .{F} * see edge fluting .{E}.
onduleux .{F} * see waviness .{E}.
op amp .{E} * abbreviation for operational am-plifier.39.
opal glass .{E} * A glass which has a translucent white tint
throughout its thickness.42. .{D= ?; Es= vidrio opalino;
vidrio opal; F= verre opalisé}.
opaque support .{E} * A non-translucent, non-transparent
material used as base or support for other materials.(42.)
.{D= ?; Es= soporte opaco; placa opaca; F= support
opaque}.
open reel .{E} * In magnetic tape recording and/or
playback, a reel-to-reel tape recording/playing system, as
opposed to quick-lo-ading types such as cassette and
cartridge; see also reel to reel tape.(16.) .{D= Spule; offene
Spule; Es= bobina [carrete] abierto; F= bobine libre;
bobines "ouvertes"}.
operador jefe .{Es} * see SC/H (2) .{E}.
operario que hace las copias .{Es} * see printer (2) .{E}.
operating environment .{E} * 1) The physical conditions at
the time of or while operating a piece of equipment. 2) The
recommended physical conditions for operating a piece
equipment, frequently including a maximum and minimum
temperature and relative humidity range, a maximum dew
point, the range of altitude, the allowable levels of shock,
and the allowable duration.(46.) .{D= klimatische
Betriebsbedingungen; Betriebsbedingungen; Es=
ambiente operativo; F= environnement d'exploitation}.
operational amplifier .{E} * An ana-logue device often used
as a gain block.39. .{D= Operationsverstärker; Es=
amplificador operacional; F= amplificateur opérationnel}.

opérations en temps réel (disques optiques) .{F} * see
real-time operating system (RTOS) .{E}.
Operationsverstärker .{D} * see operational amplifier .{E}.
OPP .{E} * acronym for ortho-phenyl phenol.
optical .{E} * 1) In general, having to do with light and its
behaviour and control, as in optical properties, optical
rotation.40. 2) In moving-image production technology, any
device which is accom-plished in the laboratory rather than
in the cutting room or on the set, such as dissolves, freeze
frames, wipes, ghost images, and matte shots.30. .{D=
optisch; Es= óptico; F= optique}.
optical beam accessible zone .{E} * The annular subset of
the mechanically accessible zone on an optical disc which
can be accessed by the read or write beam.(46.) .{D= ?;
Es= zona accesible del haz óptico; F= plage accessible}.
optical density .{E} * see density.
optical disc .{E} * Any (i.e., read-only, write-once, erasable
disc, etc.) flat, circular medium the surfaces of which are
sandwiched between transparent layers of glass or plastic,
permitting the recording, storage, and retrieval of data in
digital form; see also compact disc; digital optical
recording; video disc.(22.39.) .{D= optische Platte;
Bildplatte; Es= disco óptico; F= disque optique}.
optical effects .{E} * In moving-image production, the
alteration of a motion picture scene, commonly introduced
in duplication, includes fades, dissolves, and wipes, as
well as many other effects.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= efectos
ópticos; F= trucages; effets optiques}.
optical path length .{E} * The sum of the products of the
index of refraction (n) and the thickness of each layer
(micrometres) between the entry face and the recording
layer.46. .{D= ?; Es= longitud del rayo óptico; F= longueur
du chemin optique}.
optical pickup .{E} * The device which uses LASER light to
convey data from a disc.(39.) .{D= optischer
Tonabnehmer; Es= cabezal óptico; F= tête optique}.
optical printer .{E} * A piece of equipment that combines
the functions of a film projector and a film camera.(10.)
.{D= Truco; optische Bank; Es= impresor [-a] óptico [-a];
truco; F= tireuse optique; truca}.
optical printing .{E} * The reproduction of a still- or movingimage
transparent film by projecting the image onto the
photographic paper or film stock.(10.) .{D= optisches
Kopieren; Es= copia óptica; positivado óptico; triaje óptico;
F= triage optique}.
optical prints .{E} * see answer print.
optical recorder .{E} * The piece of equipment in motion
picture film production which transfers the audio
information from an electrical signal to an optical
image.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= grabador óptico; F=
enregistrement optique}.
optical soundtrack .{E} * An audio signal on a motion
picture film in which the sound recording takes the form of
density variation in a photographic image, also called
photographic soundtrack.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= pista óptica; F=
piste optique}.
óptico .{Es} * see optical .{E}.
optique .{F} * see optical .{E}.
optisch .{D} * see optical .{E}.
optische Bank .{D} * see op-isolator .{E} * Optical
161
components which convert electrical signals to light and
then back to electrical. Used in some CD players to isolate
the noise of digital circuitry from analogue circuitry.39. .{D=
?; Es= desconectador [seccionador] óptico; F= isolant
optique}.
oral history .{E} * The result of interviews, usually planned,
with individuals, usually in the form of sound recordings or
transcripts thereof.(22.) .{D= mündliche Überlieferung; Es=
archivo/s oral/es; F= archives orales; histoire orale}.
orange spots .{E} * see microspots.
órbita .{Es} * see orbit, geosynchronous .{E}.
orbite géostationnaire .{F} * see orbit geosynchronous .{E}.
orden de pago .{Es} * see draft; draft (2) .{E}.
ordenador .{Es} * see console (1, 2) .{E;F}.
order number .{E} * see issue number.
Ordnung .{D} * see arrangement .{E}.
Ordnungsarbeit .{D} * see arr{E}.
orificio anti-explosión .{Es} * see explosion vent .{E}.
origen .{Es} * see provenance .{E}.
Origin .{D} * see original album/box .{E}.
original .{E;Es;F} * 1) The initially created document as
distinguished from any copy thereof.22. 2) In photography,
the object, person, or scene that is the source of an image.
3) The initial photographic record, usually made in a
camera. 4) In reprography, the source document or
intermediate copy from which copies are produced; thus
the original may be a positive or a negative.01. 5) An initial
photographic image or sound recording, whether
photographic or magnetic, as opposed to some stage of
duplication thereof.(09.) .{D= Original; Urschrift}.
original .{F} * see also first-generation videotape; master;
metal master; mother .{E}.
original (grabación) de metal .{Es} * see metal master .{E}.
original a partir del que se obtienen copias .{Es} * see
master (2) .{E}.
original album/box (or other container) .{E} * In sound
recordings, may refer to the container in which the
recording was first issued, the sound recording itself, or
both.(04.) .{D= Originalalbum; Originalbehälter;
Originalbox; Es= álbum [caja] original; F= album/boîte
original}.
original broadcast date .{E} * The day, month, and year,
and, optionally, the time (indicated by the use of the
twentyfour hour clock) at which a programme was first
broadcast in the country of origin.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fecha
original de difusión; F= date de première diffusion}.
original film .{E} * see camera film; camera microfilm.
original label .{E} * The tag or slip attached in the
publication process to the first published release of a
sound recording.(04.) .{D= Originallabel; Es= etiquetado
original; F= étiquette originale}.
original negative .{E} * The film negative exposed in the
camera from which subsequent original prints are made;
see also camera film; copy negative.(43.) .{D= Original-
Negativ; Es= negativo original; F= négatif original}.
original performance .{E} * A distinction between a

ecording in question from subsequent, sometimes
revised, recorded performances.(04.) .{D=
Originallaufführung; Es= ejecución [actuación] original; F=
éxecution originale}.
original pressing .{E} * First issue of the disc recording in
question.(04.) .{D= Originalpressung; Es= impresión
original (disco); F= pression originale}.
original print .{E} * Copy made from an original negative
and contemporary with the time the photograph was made;
see also copy print.43. .{D= ?; Es= copia original; F= tirage
original}.
original recording .{E} * 1) The first issued version of the
recorded performance in question. 2) An unedit-image
item was first offered for distribution. 2) For motionpictures,
in certain circumstances may also be the date of
first public screening in the form finally offered for
distribution.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
original release title .{E} * The title used on the first release
or broadcast in the country of origin of the version of the
sound recordings or moving-image production being
described in a catalogue entry. In recognition of the
impermanence of film title, the original title is used as the
title proper for archival film and video recordings.(12.) .{D=
?; Es= título de publicación original; F= titre original}.
original secundario .{Es} * see second original .{E}.
original take .{E} * see original performance.
original telecast date .{E} * see original broadcast date.
Original .{D} * see master; original .{E;Es;F}.
Original-Negativ .{D} * see original negative .{E}.
Originalaufnahme .{D} * see original recording .{E}.
Originalband .{D} * see master tape .{E}.
Originalbehälter .{D} * see original album/box (or other
container) .{E}.
Originalbesetzung .{D} * see original cast .{E}.
Originalbox .{D} * see original album/box (or other
container) .{E}.
Originallabel .{D} * see original label .{E}.
Originalnegativ .{D} * see master negative .{E}.
Originalpressung .{D} * see original pressing .{E}.
originating system .{E} * An information processing system
which can create a set of files on a volume set for the
purpose of data interchange with another system.20. .{D=
?; Es= sistema de origen; F= dispositif d'échange de
données}.
origination film .{E} * see camera film.
ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) .{E} * A phenolic chemical that
has been used for non-residual mould, mildew, and fungi
control on library materials. This chemical is not registered
for such control in many countries, but has been used in
the past for extensive infestations of such growths brought
about by flooding and fires. It is also used in starch-based
adhesives to inhibit mould/mildew/fungi growth and to
prolong the shelf-life of paste. It is a solid at room
temperature and is usually mixed with ethanol for aqueous
or spray application. Many recommend that ortho-phenyl
phenol be substituted for thymol; see also anti-fungus
agent.(38.) .{D= ?; Es= ortofenilfenol; F= phénol orthophényl}.
162
orthochromatic film .{E} * A silver emulsion film sensitive to
yellow and green light as well as to blue and violet. Not
being sensitive to red, dark red is reproduced the same as
black; see also panchromatic film.01. .{D=
ortochromatische Emulsion; Es= emulsión ortocromática;
F= film orthochromatique; emulsion ortho}.
orthostereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.
ortochromatische Emulsion .{D} * see orthochromatic film
.{E}.
ortofenilfenol .{Es} * see ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) .{E}.
os-9 .{E;Es;F} * The real-time operating system on which
the CD-I operat-ing system is based.39. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=
?}.
oscilloscope .{E;F} * An instrument which displays
electrical signals as graphs on a screen (cathode ray
tube). Used for testing and measuring of electrical and
electronic equipment, to analyze room acoustics, to
analyze an electronic signal being recorded, etc.; also
referred to as a scope.(04.50.) .{D= ?; Es= osciloscópio}.
oscilloscope vectoriel .{F} * see vectorscope .{E}.
osciloscopio .{Es} * see scope (2) .{E}.
osciloscópio .{Es} * see oscilloscope .{E}.
oscuridad .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.
other title information .{E} * A word or phrase, or a group of
characters appearing in conjunction with, and subordinate
to, the title proper of the item. Other title information also
occurs in conjunction with and subordinate to: parallel
titles, variations of the title proper, episode titles, contents
titles, titles of series, or of subseries. Other title information
generally qualifies-tîtres.12. .{D= ?; Es= título
complementario [adicional]; F= titre complémentaire}.
out of contact .{E} * An expression used in motion picture
film contact printing to describe non-contact between
emulsions. This causes problems with the desired images,
such as spreading of the image.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= fuera de
contacto; F= perte de contact}.
out of phase .{E} * Imperfect coordination or
nonsynchronous operation between or among two or more
components, waves, devices, currents, et al.(10.) .{D= ?;
Es= fuera de fase; desfasado; F= hors phase; déphasé}.
out of sync .{E} * An expression used to indicate that
sound and image in a moving image production are not in
synchroniza-tion.(30.) 2) In television and video
productions, a descriptor of any signal which is
nonsynchronous with the master reference. .{D= ?; Es=
desincronizado; desacompasado; fuera de sincronismo;
F= désynchronisé; non synhrone}.
outil graveur .{F} * see stylus .{E}.
output .{E} * 1) Any data leaving a circuit or system.39. 2)
The magnitude of the reproduced signal voltage, usually
measured at the output of the reproduced amplifier.46. 3)
The signal voltage coming from components, such as preamplifiers
and amplifiers. In tape recorders, there are line
outputs, speaker outputs and monitor outputs.50; see also
input/output. .{D= Ausgang; Ausgangssignal; Es= salida;
rendimiento; capacidad; F= sortie; rendement}.
output filter .{E} * see anti-imaging filter.39.
outtake .{E} * In general, any moving-image shot which is
removed from a work; more specifically, shots which are
not included in the moving-image work as originally
released or broadcast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= salida; toma

defectuosa; deshecho; F= chutes}.
ouverture .{F} * see aperture; fade .{E}.
ouverture (graduelle) d'iris/fermeture (graduelle) d'iris .{F}
* see iris-in/iris-out .{E}.
ouverture dans le cache .{F} * see window opening .{E}.
ouverture en fondu .{F} * see fade .{E}.
ouverture géométrique .{F} * see stop .{E}.
over-dub .{E} * An audio processing procedure used in
audio sweetening. .{D= ?; Es= sobregrabación;
regrabación; F= musique surajoutée}.
over-exposure .{E} * Photographic condition in which too
much light reaches the film producing a dense negative or
a washed-out reversal.(09.) .{D= Überbelichtung; Es=
sobreexposición; F= surexposition}.
over-sampling .{E} * The technique in which the number of
samples is multiplied to permit digital filtering of the signal
prior to d/a conversion. A gentle analogue low -pass filter
is still required after over-sampling to remove extreme
supersonic frequencies.39. .{D= ?; Es= sobremuestro; F=
suréchantillonnage}.
over-the-shoulder shot .{E} * A shot used in dialogue
scenes in which the speaker is seen as well as part of the
back of the head and part of the shoulder of the
listener.30. .{D= ?; Es= plano con dos actores, uno de
ellos de espaldas a la cámara; F= plan par-desus l'épaule;
champ; contre-champ}.
overdubbing .{E} * see sound-on-sound.
overhead projector .{E} * An aparatus for projecting
magnified images of graphic materials onto a screen. .{D=
?; Es= proyector de trayectoria de proyección alta;
proyector con espejo; F= rétroprojecteur}.
overlap sound .{E} * A moving-image production technique
in which a cut, or edit, in the soundtrack is not cut at the
same time as the image, but either before or after. Often
used in reaction shots.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= sonido solapado;
F= son débordant d'un plan sur l'autre; chevauchement;
intersection}.
overload .{E} * Feeding a component or system more data
than it can handle, thereby causing overload distortion;
see also clipping.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= sobrecarga; F=
surcharge; surmodulation; poids en surcharge}.
overmodulation .{E} * The exceeding of the maximum
permissible amplitude of a signal for recording or
transmission; the result is usually distortion.(10.) .{D=
Übersteuerung; Es= sobremodulación; F= surmodulation}.
oxidación .{Es} * see oxidation .{E;F}.
oxidation .{E;F} * 1) Chemical reaction that converts an
element into its oxide. 2) To combine with oxygen.(44.) 3)
In photographic materials image silver can react
chemically with oxidizing agents, resulting in the
discolouration of photographs.(43.) .{D= Oxydation; Es=
oxidación; F= oxydation}.
oxide .{E} * 1) In magnetic tape, the ferromagnetic particles
which, when properly dispersed in a plastic binder and
coated on a base, form the magnetic portion of the tape.
All oxides used in magnetic tape are magnetically 'hard',
main-taining magnetism induced in them until
demagnetized by external magnetic fields of approximately
50 oersteds intensity or more. 2) Conventional oxide
particles are chemically known as gamma ferric oxide,
brown in colour, acicular or needle-like in shape, and of
163
micron length.(16.) .{D= Oxidschicht; Pigment; Es= óxido;
F= oxyde}.
oxide build-up .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, the
accumulation of oxide or, more generally, wear products in
the form of deposits on the surface of heads and
guides.46. .{D= Oxidablagerung; Es= acumulación de
óxido; F= formation de poudrette; poudrage; dépôt
d'oxyde}.
oxide loading .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a measure
of the density with which oxide is packed into a coating. It
is usually specified in terms of the weight of oxide per unit
volume of the coating.46. .{D= Füllfaktor; Es= medida de
óxido; F= charge en poudre d'oxyde}.
oxide shedding .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, the
loosening of particles of oxide from the tape coating during
use, generally an indication of deterioration.(46.06.) .{D=
Schichtabrieb; Es= desprendimento de óxido; F= perte
d'oxyde}.
óxido .{Es} * see oxide .{E}.
óxido de cobalto impuro .{Es} * see cobalt-doped oxide
.{E}.
óxido de etileno .{Es} * see ethylene oxide .{E}.
óxido férrico .{Es} * see ferric oxide .{E}.
óxido férrico gamma .{Es} * see gamma ferric oxide .{E}.
Oxidschicht .{D} * see oxide .{E}.
oxydation .{F} * see oxidation .{E;F}.
Oxydation .{D} * see oxidation .{E;F}.
oxyde .{F} * see oxide .{E}.
oxyde d'éthylène .{F} see ethylene oxide .{E}.
oxyde d'éthylène. .{F} * see evaluation .{E}.
oxyde dopé au cobalt .{F} * see cobalt-doped oxide .{E}.
oxyde ferrique .{F} * see ferric oxide .{E}.
oxyde ferrique .{F}. see ferric oxide .{E}.
oxyde ferrique gamma .{F} * see gamma ferric oxide .{E}.
ozocerite .{E} * see ozokerite.
ozokerita .{Es} * see ozokerite .{E}.
ozokerite .{E} * A wax derived from shale used as the
coating on the 1885 cylinder recording for Chichester Bell
and Charles S. Tainter's Graphophone; also known as
ozocerite. .{D= ?; Es= ozokerita; F= ozokérite}.
ozokérite .{F} * see ozokerite .{E}.
p --p-channel
.{E} * 1) One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), used to carry the music flag (e.g. indicating
the presence or absence of a music track) as well as
information on lead-in, lead-out, and play areas of the disc;
see also sub-code.(39.10.) .{D= ?; Es= canal P; F= canal
p}.
p-w channels .{E} * The eight subcode channels on
compact discs. .{D= ?; Es= canales P-W; F= canaux p-w}.
PAC .{E} * acronym for Preservation Advisory Committee.

pack .{E} * In magnetic tape and strip film usage, the form
taken by tape or film as it is wound on a reel or around a
hub. A good pack will be smooth and free of ripples,
buckling, cinching, etc.(04.) see also tape pack. .{D= ?;
Es= paquete; material de envolver; envoltura; F=
enroulement}.
packing density .{E} * The amount of digital information
recorded onto a magnetic film or tape as measured in bits
per inch. .{D= Datendichte; Es= densidad de información;
densidad de relleno; F= densité d'enregistrement}.
padre .{Es} * see father .{E}.
paille .{F} * see nick .{E}.
país de origen .{Es} * see country of origin .{E}.
PAL .{E} * acronym for 1) permanent artificial lighting, 2)
Phase Alternation Line.
PAL colour system .{D;E;Es;F} * The colour television
system developed in Germany which has 625 lines, 50
fields, and 25 pictures per second; with one of the colour
signals reversed in polarity bet-image camera, usually from
the pivotal point of a tripod.09. 2) Movement of a movingima-ge
camera from left to right or right to left around a
vertical axis; see also tilt and roll. A pan is sometimes
confused with a track-ing shot, which is quite different;
although the camera swivels in a pan, and the image
seems to 'move', in reality the camera is quite stationary;
see also camera angle.30. 3) Abbrevia-tion for
panchromatic film. .{D= Kasten; Panorama-Schwenk;
Schwenk; Es= eje óptico; panorámica; F= bac;
panoramique}.
Panavision .{D;E;Es;F} * One of the most widely used
anamorphic processes in 35-mm film, largely superseding
other similar processes. Ultra-Panavision utilizes 70-mm
film.
pancake .{E} * A roll of magnetic tape or strip film that is
wound onto a hub without flanges or sides.(04.) .{D=
Pancake; offener Wickel; Es= bobina plana [chata]; F=
bobine sur noyau}.
Pancake .{D} * see pancake .{E}.
panchromatic film .{E} * Black and white, silver emulsion
film which is sensitive to the entire visible colour spectrum,
and usually to ultraviolet, in tones of about the same
relative brightness as the human eye sees. All colours are
reproduced in various shades of grey; see also
orthochromatic film. .{D= panchromatisch;
panchromatische Emulsion; Es= película pancromática;
emulsión pancromática; pancromática; F= émulsion
panchromatique; panchromatique}.
panchromatique .{F} * see pan .{E}.
panchromatisch .{D} * see panchromatic film .{E}.
panchromatische Emulsion .{D} * see panchromatic f
panneau d'affichag * see billboard .{E}.
panneau luminescent .{F} * see luminescent panel .{E}.
panneaux mobiles .{F} * see wild walls .{E}.
Panorama-Schwenk .{D} * see pan .{E}.
panorámica .{Es} * see pan .{E}.
panorámica rápida .{Es} * see swish pan .{E}.
panoramique .{F} * see pan .{E}.
164
panoramique filé .{F} * see swish pan .{E}.
panoramique rapide .{F} * see swish pan .{E}.
panoramique vertical .{E}{F} * see tilt shot .{E}.
pantalla .{Es} * see screen; shield front .{E}.
pantalla acústica .{Es} * see baffle .{E}.
pantalla cristalizada .{Es} * see beaded screen .{E}.
pantalla de alta ganancia .{Es} * see high-gain screen .{E}.
pantalla de aluminio .{Es} * see aluminium screen .{E}.
pantalla de medio tono .{Es} * see halftone screen .{E}.
pantalla de proyector .{Es} * see gobo (1) .{E}.
pantalla difusora .{Es} * see scrim frame .{E}.
pantalla dividida .{Es} * see split screen .{E}.
pantalla luminiscente .{Es} * see luminescent panel .{E}.
pantalla panorámica .{Es} * see widescreen .{E}.
papel .{Es} * see character .{E}.
papel (emulsionado) sensible a la luz .{Es} * see sensitive
paper .{E}.
papel al bromuro .{Es} * see bromide paper .{E}.
papel cristal .{Es} * see glassine .{E}.
papel de color azul claro .{Es} * see blues .{E}.
papel de contacto .{Es} * see contact paper .{E}.
papel durable .{Es} * see permanent paper .{E}.
papel emulsionado .{Es} * see prepared paper support;
sensitized paper .{E}.
papel fotográfico .{Es} * see photographic paper .{E}.
papel fotográfico para hacer ampliaciones .{Es} * see
enlarging paper .{E}.
papel fotográfico para revelado directo .{Es} * see
developing-out-paper (DOP) .{E}.
papel kraft .{Es} * see kraft paper .{E}.
papel permanente .{Es} * see permanent paper .{E}.
papel solarizado .{Es} * see printing-out-paper (POP) .{E}.
papeleta de pedido .{Es} * see production ticket .{E}.
paper marks .{E} * Marks of thread or paper which are put
onto a film to be copied to indicate the section to be
duplicated; also known as paper-up.(06.) .{D=
Absteckmarken; Es= 1) referencias (con tiras de papel) de
secuencias; 2) filigranas; marcas; F= repères de
sequences}.
paper support .{E} * A layer of paper onto which a lightsensitive
photographic emulsion is coated.(42.) .{D= ?;
Es= soporte de papel; F= support papier}.
paper-up .{E} * see paper marks .{E}.
papier à développement direct .{F}. see developing-outpaper
(DOP) .{E}.

papier au bromure .{F} * see bromide paper .{E}.
papier contact .{F} * see contact paper .{E}.
papier d'impression .{F} * see printing-out-paper (POP)
.{E}.
papier kraft .{F} * see kraft paper .{E}.
papier permanent .{F} * see permanent paper .{E}.
papier photographique .{F} * see photographic paper .{E}.
papier sensibilisé .{F} * see sensitized paper .{E}.
papier sensible .{F} * see sensitive paper .{E}.
Papierkopie .{D} * see hardcopy .{E}.
papillottement .{F} * see flicker; flickering .{E}.
paquete .{Es} * see pack .{E}.
para de empalmar .{Es} * see splicer .{E}.
para sacar copias .{Es} * see duping material .{E}.
para televisión .{Es} * see tv mask .{E}.
para usuario .{Es} * see user bits .{E}.
parada .{Es} * see stop .{D;E}.
parada de imagen .{Es} * see stop frame .{E}.
parada t .{Es} * see t-stop .{E}.
parafinado del borde .{Es} * see edge waxing .{E}.
paraguas (iluminación) .{Es} * see umbrella .{E}.
paralaje .{Es} * see parallax .{E}.
paralelo .{Es} * see parallel .{E}.
paralización .{Es} * see stop .{D;E}.
parallax .{E} * 1) In video and photography, an apparent
change in relative position or shape of an object being
photographed resulting from a change in viewing angle.
This phenomenon occurs in cameras where the view finder
does not focus through the lens.(01.) 2) An introduction of
an apparent shift in position or shape of an object when
viewing it on an oscilloscope, waveform monitor,
vectorscope, or other video display devise through an
attached graticule. .{D= Parallaxe; Es= paralaje;
compensación de paralelaje; F= parallaxe}.
parallaxe .{F} * see parallax .{E}.
Parallaxe .{D} * see parallax .{E}.
parallel .{E} * 1) Two or more comp-ence of bits in a data
word on multiple conductors.39. .{D= ?; Es= paralelo; F=
parallèle}.
parallel action .{E} * A device of narrative in which two
scenes are seen in parallel by cross-cutting.30. .{D= ?;
Es= escenas en paralelo; F= scènes en parallèle}.
parallel edition statement .{E} * 1) The edition statement in
another language and/or script. 2) Any edition statement
additional to the first, corresponding to a parallel title.(12.)
.{D= ?; Es= edición (de la exposición) en paralelo; F=
édition parallèle}.
parallel series title .{E} * 1) The title of a series in another
language and/or script. 2) Any series title qualifying as an
165
original series title but which is not chosen for inclusion as
the first named title (other than variant forms of the same
title) and reissue/rerelease series titles appearing on the
item described.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= subtítulo (de la serie); F=
titre traduit de série}.
parallel title .{E} * 1) The title proper in another language
and/or script. 2) Any title qualifying as an original tdant
error detection method in which the total number of binary
'1's (or 'O's) is always even or odd.(39.) .{D= ?; Es=
paridad; F= parité}.
paroi .{F} * see flat .{E}.
parpadeo .{Es} * see flicker; flickering .{E}.
part title .{E} * The title of one of the subordinate units into
which an item has been divided; see also episode title.12.
.{D= ?; Es= título parcial (título de un episodio o capítulo);
F= titre d'un épisode}.
parte .{Es} * see character .{E}.
partición .{Es} * see partition; separation .{E}.
particle orientation .{E} * In magnetic manufacturer, the
process by which acicular particles are rotated so that their
longest dimensions tend to lie parallel to one another. .{D=
?; Es= orientación de las partículas; F= orientation des
particules}.
particle size .{E} * The physical dimensions of magnetic
particles used in a magnetic tape.46. .{D= Partikelgröße;
Es= tamaño de las partículas (de óxido); F= taille des
particules}.
partícula (ferromagnética) de dominio único .{Es} * see
single domain particle .{E}.
partículas magnéticas .{Es} * see magnetic particles .{E}.
particule monodomaine .{F} * see single domain particle
.{E}.
particules magnétiques .{F} * see magnetic particles .{E}.
partie visible de l'image TV .{F} * see raster .{E}.
Partikelgröße .{D} * see particle s-1-3 of NFPA 40.
partition .{F} * see partition .{E}.
pas de perforation .{F} * see pitch .{E}.
pas de pistes des disques optiques .{F} * see pitch .{E}.
pas des sillons .{F} * see pitch .{E}.
pasadizo oculto .{Es} * see crossover .{E}.
pasarela .{Es} * see bridge (1) .{E}.
pase previo .{Es} * see preview .{E}.
pase volante .{Es} * see crossover .{E}.
pasillo lateral .{Es} * see aisle .{E}.
paso .{Es} * see feed through; land; pitch. .{E}.
paso o empalme automático .{Es} * see change-over .{E}.
Passage .{D} * see change-over .{E}.
passe-partout .{Es} * see mat (matte) (2) .{E}.
passerelle .{F} * see bridge .{E}.

paste .{E} * A soft, plastic adhesive composition with semisolid
consistency, usually water dispersible. .{D= ?; Es=
engrudo; F= colle}.
pastel (craie) .{F} * see chalk drawing .{E}.
patch .{F} * see patch cord .{E}.
patch cord .{E} * 1) A short cord, or cable, with a plug on
both ends (or with a pair of clips on one or both ends) for
conveniently connecting together two pieces of sound
equipment such as a phonograph and tape recorder, an
amplifier and speaker, etc. Not used for 117 volt current;
sometimes called an 'attachment cord'. 16. 2) 2) A short
cable with a plug on each end for conveniently connecting
together two pieces of video equipment such as cameras,
amplifiers, and videotape recorders. The patch cord plug
is the male connection which mates with its female
counterpart (patch jack) in a patch panel which is part of a
patch field. .{D= ?; Es= cordón de conmutación [de
transformación, de interconexión, de extensión y
empalme]; F= patch; cordon de raccordement}.
patch field .{E} * A grouping of two or more patch panels
and is used for the interconnection of audio or video
equipment. The connections are made through the use of
patch cords which plug into patch jacks that are mounted
in the patch panels. .{D= ?; Es= campo de conmutación;
F= module de patch}.
patch jack .{E} * The female connection which provides the
equipment interconnections to a piece of electronic
equipment through a male patch plug. .{D= ?; Es= jack de
interconexión (de circuitos); F= connecteur femelle}.
patch panel .{E} * A single row of patch jacks which is used
to provide interconnections between two pieces of
electronic equipment through a patch cord. .{D= ?; Es=
panel de conmutaciones; F= tableau de raccordement}.
patrón de luz .{Es} * see illuminant .{E;F}.
pattern sensitivity .{E} * A magnetic recorder's inability to
reproduce certain data system combinations (patterns).46.
.{D= ?; Es= norma [pauta] de sensibilidad; F= enregistreur
magnétique incompatible}.
pausa .{Es} * see pause .{D;E}.
pause .{D;E;F} * To stop the motion of tape
momentarily.(35.) .{F= ?; Es= pausa}.
pause control .{E} * Feature of some tape recorders
making it possible to stop the movement of tape
temporarily without switching the machine from 'play' or
'record' positions. Essential for a tape recorder used for
dictation or transcription purposes and generally helpful for
editing purposes.16. .{D= Pausetaste; Es= control de
pausa; F= touche pause}.
Pausetaste .{D} * see pause control .{E}.
pauta de sensibilidad .{Es} * see pattern sensitivity .{E}.
pavillon de phonographe .{F} * see horn
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
PCM .{E} * acronym for pulse code modula-tion.
PCP .{E} * acronym for pentachlorphenol.
peak .{E} * The maximum instantaneous volume of a
quantity such as sound, but most frequently as electrical
voltage or power.16. .{D= Spitze; Es= pico; cresta; valor de
cresta; F= pic; crête}.
peak density .{E} * see colour correction.
166
peak programme meter (PPM) .{E} * Meter to monitor the
level of tape modulation; see also V/U-meter;
overmodulation; undermodulation. .{D=
Spitzenwertanzeiger; Es= voltímetro de cresta; F=
modulateur de crête}.
peak white .{E} * The maximum white level of a video
signal. .{D= ?; Es= cresta del blanco; F= blanc maximal;
crête de blanc}.
pédale .{F} * see foot switch .{E}.
pedestal .{E;Es} * The black level of a video signal; also
referred to as set-up. .{D= ?; Es= base; F= niveau du noir
(signal vidéo)}.
peeling .{E} * Commonly used term referring to the
separation of the coating layer of a laminated medium from
its base or core. It is used interchangeably with flaking,
although the latter usually implies more limited or local
deterioration.(04.) .{D= Schichtablösung; Es= defecto de
adherencia; descascarillado; peladura del revestimiento;
F= écaillement; épluchage}.
pegado del cabezal .{Es} * see head stick .{E}.
pegamiento .{Es} * see blocking .{E}.
Pegel .{D} * see level .{E}.
peladura del revestimiento .{Es} * see peeling .{E}.
peldaño .{Es} * see stair step .{E}.
película .{Es} * see film .{D;E;F}; picture (pic; pix); motion
pictures.{E}.
película al cloruro .{Es} * see chloride film .{E}.
película base .{Es} see feature .{E}.
película bicapa .{Es} * see bipack .{E}.
película cinematográfica .{Es} * see motion pictures .{E}.
película con recubrimiento de poliéster .{Es} * see
stamping foil .{E}.
película de (calidad de) archivo .{Es} * see archival film
.{E}.
película de acetato .{Es} * see acetate film .{E}.
película de actualidades .{Es} * see news film .{E}.
película de alta velocidad .{Es} * see high-speed film .{E}.
película de bromuro .{Es} * see bromide film .{E}.
película de cine .{Es} * see motion pictures .{E}.
película de conservación a corto plazo .{Es} * see shortterm
film .{E}.
película de conservación a largo plazo .{Es} * see longterm
film .{E}.
película de conservación a medio plazo .{Es} * see
medium-term film .{E}.
película de contenido erótico .{Es} * see soft core material
(2) .{E}.
película de dos capas .{Es} * see bipack .{E}.
película de explotación .{Es} * see exploitation film .{E}.
película de imagen directa .{Es} * see direct image film

.{E}.
película de inversión .{Es} * see reversal film .{E}.
película de inversión de imagen .{Es} * see image
reversing film .{E}.
película de laboratorio .{Es} * see laboratory film .{E}.
película de nitrato .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.
película de primera generación .{Es} * see first-generation
film .{E}.
película de prueba .{Es} * see test film .{E}.
película de reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.
película de sales de plata .{Es} * see silver film .{E}.
película de seguridad .{Es} * see cellulose acetate (1, 2, 3)
.{E}.
película de seguridad (película ininflamable) .{Es} * see
safety film .{E}.
película de seguridad realizada con triacetato de celulosa
.{Es} * see cellulose triacetate (2)(3) .{E}.
película de tiempo acelerado .{Es} * see time-lapse movie
.{E}.
película diazo .{Es} * see diazo film .{E}.
película documental .{Es} * see documentary .{E}.
película educativa .{Es} * see educational film/video .{E}.
película educativa [didáctica] .{Es} * see educational
film/video .{E}.
película electrográfica .{Es} * see electrophotographic film
.{E}.
película en blanco y negro .{Es} * see black and white film
.{E}.
película en episodios (por capítulos) .{Es} * see series (2)
.{E}.
película fija .{Es} * see filmstrip .{E}.
película impresa .{Es} * see print film .{E}.
película intermedia .{Es} * see intermediate film .{E}.
película intermedio .{Es} * see intermediate film .{E}.
película internegativa de inversión del color (CRI) .{Es} *
see colour reversal intermediate-negative film (CRI) .{E}.
película kinescópica .{Es} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.
película negra .{Es} * see film noir .{E}.
película pancromática .{Es} * see panchromatic film .{E}.
película para cámara .{Es} * see camera film .{E}.
película procesada .{Es} * see processed film .{E}.
película vesicular .{Es} * see vesicular film .{E}.
película virgen .{Es} * see blank (1) .{E}.
pélicula de reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.
películas (jerga) .{Es} * see celluloid (1, 2) .{E;F}.
167
películas de serie B .{Es} * see b picture .{E}.
películas no convencionales .{Es} * see underground films
.{E}.
películas underground .{Es} * see underground films .{E}.
pellicule inversible .{F} * see reversal film .{E}.
pellicule monochrome .{F} * see black and white film .{E}.
pellicule sensible .{F} * see high-speed film .{E}.
pellicule vierge .{F} * see filmstock; raw stock .{E}.
Pellon .{D;E;Es;F} * A type of polyester, non-woven,
long-fibre fabrics which will not stick to most adhesives.
Used 1) for interleaving between newly mended or
repaired materials so they will not stick together while
adhesive or paste is drying; 2) as a barrier between heatset
tissue and the tacking iron; and 3) as a cleaning/buffing
material for magnetic tape; see also polyester web.
pense-bête .{F} * see cue card .{E}.
penta-chlorophénol .{F} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP)
.{E}.
penta-chlorophénol .{F} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP)
.{E}.
penta-chlorphenol (PCP) .{E} * A crystalline compound
produced by the reaction of hexachlorobenzene with
sodium hydrox-ide, or of chlorine with phenol, and used, in
concentrations of 0.1 percent, as a fungicide, applicable
either as an aqueous or non-aqueous solution. Being a
highly chlorinated substance, it must be used in the
presence of sufficient alkali to compensate for the
probable liberation of hydrochloric acid, or in such small
quantities, i.e., less than 0.1 percent, so as not to
endanger the paper severely even if it does decompose
slightly. To avoid the danger of acidity, pcp is sometimes
used as the sodium salt, sodium pentachlorophenate,
which is less likely to produce difficulty because of acidity.
Pcp is colourless and is not likely to produce an
appreciable order.(45.) .{D= ?; Es= penta-clorofenol; F=
penta-chlorophénol}.
penta-clorofenol .{Es} * see penta-chlorphenol (PCP) .{E}.
perche .{F} * see boom .{E}.
pérdida (de señal) por separación entre la cabeza y la
cinta (en registros magnéticos) .{Es} * see separation loss
.{E}.
pérdida de bits .{Es} * see burst error .{D;E}.
pérdida de generación .{Es} * see generation loss .{E}.
pérdida de sincronización .{Es} * see break up .{E}.
pérdida de sonidos .{Es} * see clipping (4) .{E}.
père .{F} * see father; metal master .{E}.
perforación .{Es} * see film perforation .{E}.
perforación de la película con la banda sonora .{Es} * see
blooping hole .{E}.
perforaciones .{Es} * see film perforation .{E}.
perforaciones Bell & Howell .{Es} * see Bell & Howell
perforation .{E}.
perforaciónes en la película .{Es} * see film perforation
.{E}.

perforador .{Es} * see punch .{E}.
perforated disc .{E} * A punched disc, usually made of
metal, made to be played by a mechanical music box. As
the disc revolves the various holes activate a tuned
comblike instrument which reproduces the tones of the
melody the disc has been punched to play. Deluxe
machines from such companies as the Regina Music Box
Co. had influence on the design or phonograph and
gramophone consoles.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= disco perforado;
F= disque perforé; enregistrement perforé}.
perforateur .{F} * see punch .{E}.
perforation .{F} * see film perforation .{E}.
Perforation .{D} * see film perforation .{E}.
perforations .{E} * see film perforation .{E}.
perforations Bell & Howell) .{F} * see Bell & Howell
perforation .{E}.
périphérie .{F} * see edge .{E}.
périphérique .{F} * see peripheral .{E}.
perlada .{Es} * see beaded screen .{E}.
permanence .{E;F} * The unquantifiable ability of a given
item or material to resist chemical deterioration; usually
refers to specific or implied qualities. As with all others, socalled
permanent materials depend for their longevity upon
parameters built into the item when it is manufactured and
proper storage and handling conditions. .{D= Haltbarkeit;
Es= permanencia}.
permanence archivistique .{F} * see archival permanence
.{E}.
permanencia .{Es} * see permanence .{E;F}.
permanencia (calidad de los materiales de archivo) .{Es}
* see archival permanence .{E}.
permanent elongation .{E} * The percentage of stretch
remaining in a tape or length of base film after a given load
applied for a given time has been removed.(46.) .{D= ?;
Es= alargamiento permanente; F= allongement résiduel}.
permanent paper .{E} * Paper with neutral or slightly
alkaline pH value which does not show degradation over
long periods of time.22. .{D= Holzfreies Papier;
Dokumentenpapier; Es= papel permanente; papel durable;
F= papier non acide; papier permanent}.
permuta .{Es} * see interchange .{E}.
perseguir .{Es} * see chase .{E}.
persistence des images .{F} * see persistence of vision
.{E}.
persistence of vision .{E} * 1) The time-lag effect between
momentary visual stimulation of the eye and cessation of
response to that stimula-tion. For any intermittently
illuminated source there is a critical frequency (which
depends upon the brightness of the source) above which
the average eye can detect no sensation of flicker.09. 2)
That physiological phenomenon which makes cinema
possible: an image is retained on the retina for a short
period so that, if another image takes its place soon
enough, the illusion of motion is created.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
persistencia visual; persistencia de las imágenes (en la
retina); F= persistence rétinienne; persistence des
images}.
persistence rétinienne .{F} * see persistence of vision .{E}.
168
persistencia .{Es} * see retentivity .{E}.
persistencia de las imágenes (en la retina) .{Es} * see
persistence of vision .{E}.
persistencia visual .{Es} * see persistence of vision .{E}.
personal record .{E} * Moving-image materials the subject
of which is normally personal events, usually filmed or
recorded by an amateur. Home movies may be personal
records; see also domestic records.12. .{D= ?; Es=
grabación particular; F= enregistrement personnel;
domestique}.
personnage .{F} * see character .{E}.
perte .{F} * see shedding .{E}.
perte (de niveau) par écartement .{F} * see separation loss
.{E}.
perte d'oxyde .{F} * see oxide shedding .{E}.
perte de contact .{F} * see out of contact .{E}.
perte de débris .{F} * see loose pack; loose debris .{E}.
perte de signal .{F} * see dropout .{E}.
perte de signal .{F}. see dropout .{E}.
perte de synchronisation .{F} * see break up .{E}.
perte par duplication .{F} * see generation loss .{E}.
pértiga .{Es} * see boom .{E}.
perturbación procedente de un circuito o sistema próximo
.{Es} * see pickup (1, 2) .{E}.
pestaña del carrete .{Es} * see reel flange .{E}.
pet .{E} * see polyester.
pétard .{F} * see squib .{E}.
petit chariot-grue .{F} * see dolly .{E}.
petit projecteur .{F} * see baby spot .{E}.
petit projecteur pour les yeux .{F} * see eye light .{E}.
petit rôle .{F} * see bit .{E}.
pf .{E} * abbreviation for portfolio.
pfeifen .{D} * see squeal .{E}.
pH .{D;E;Es;F} * Chemical abbreviation for hydrogen-ion
concentration; a measure of the concentration of hydrogen
ions in a solution. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, and
each number indicates a ten-fold differential. Seven is pH
neutral; numbers below 7.0 indicate increasing Acidity,
with 1.0 being the most acid. Numbers above 7.0 indicate
increasing alkalinity, with 17.0 being most alkaline. Paper
with a pH below 5.0 is considered highly acidic. Buffered
storage materials typically have a pH between 7.0 and
46.0.17.
pH neutre .{F} * see neutral pH .{E}.
pH neutro .{Es} * see neutral pH .{E}.
pH scale .{E} * see pH.
pH value .{E} * A measure of the intensity of the acid
content of paper, also referred to as hydrogen ion
concentration. pH is expressed in terms of a logarithmic

scale from 0 to 14; the neutral point is 7.0, with values
above 7.0 alkaline, values below, acid; see also pH.22.
.{D= pH-Wert; Es= valor pH; F= valeur pH; acidité pH}.
pH-Wert .{D} * see pH value .{E}.
phase change medium .{E} * An optical storage method
used in both write-once and erasable optical media in
which a change in reflec-tivity is used to encode data.(39.)
.{D= ?; Es= grado de la variación de la fase; grado de
desfasamiento; F= système à changement de phase}.
phase de la sous porteuse horizontale .{F} * see subcarrier
horizontal phasing .{E}.
phase différentielle .{F} * see differential phase .{E}.
phase shift .{E} * A displacement in the time relationship
between two signals, or two components in one signal.39.
.{D= Phasenverschiebung; Es= desplazamiento [variación,
cambio] de fase; F= déphasage; décalage de phase}.
Phase Alteration Line colour system (PAL) .{E} * see PAL
colour system.
phased conservation .{E} * A concept developed at the
Library of Congress, originally conceived to meet the shortterm
needs of items that would eventually be given full
conservation treatment. Surveying is an important aspect
of phased treatment: items are categorized by certain
characteristics or conservation problems so that they may
later be retrieved for treatment.32. .{D= ?; Es=
conservación por fases [etapas]; F= conservation légère}.
Phasenverschiebung .{D} * see phase shift .{E}.
phasing .{E} * In sound recording stereo applications, the
estab-lishment of the correct relative polarity in the
connection between amplifier output and loud-speakers so
that one speaker tends to reinforce rather than cancel the
output of the other (particularly evident at low
frequencies).(16.) .{D= Polarität; Es= ajuste de fase;
puesta en fase; F= mise en phase}.
phénol ortho-phényl .{F} * see ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP)
.{E}.
phone plug .{E} * A common circuit connector popularly
used on home audiovisual equipment. A common audio
connector used with a phone jack; also known as RCA
plug; telephone plug. .{D= Klinkenstecker; Es= clavija para
auriculares (tipo telefónico); F= connecteur phono;
connecteur RCA}.
phonet .{E} * see phonograph.
phonodisc .{E} * see audiodisc.
phonogram .{E} * An obsolete term for a phonograph
recording; see also phonograph. .{D= Schalaufnahme;
Tonaufnahme; Phonogramm; Es= telegrama por teléfono;
F= phonogramme}.
Phonogramm .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.
phonogramme .{F} * see phonogram .{E}.
phonograph .{E} * 1) Derived from two Greek words: phone
= voice/sound, and graphos = writer/written. The term was
first used in 1835 in the short-hand sense; then by the
American F.B. Fenby in an 1863 patent for electrical
recording and reproduction of sound; Edison used the
word for his first recording/reproducing machine of 1877
(although he uses the word in his British patent of 1878 to
describe the recording instrument as well as the whole
machine; the reproducing instrument was a phonet; the
record a phonogram). 2) In general American terms, any
machine reproducing sounds from indented, incised or
169
engraved cylinder or disc records. 3) In general European
terms, a machine reproducing sounds only from cylinder
records.(04.14.) also known as phonogram. .{D=
Phonograph; Es= gramófono; fonógrafo; F= phonographe
(US); gramophone (GB)}.
phonograph record .{E} * see audiodisc.
Phonograph .{D} * see phonograph .{E}.
phonograph-cut records .{E} * see lateral cut.
phonographe .{F} * see gramophone .{E}.
phonographe (US) .{F} * see phonograph .{E}.
phonographe/gramophone à pavillon interne .{F} * see
enclosed horn phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
phonorecord .{E} * see audiodisc.
phonotape .{E} * A sound recording on magnetic tape; also
called audio tape or sound tape.(22.) .{D= Tonband; Es=
banda sonora; F= bande son; bande sonore}.
Phonovision .{D;E;Es;F} * A device developed by John
Logie Baird to capture and store a video signal on a disc.
photo-polymerization (2P) .{E} * An alternative CD
manufacturing method.39. .{D= ?; Es= foto polimerización
(2P); F= photopolymérisation}.
Photo-Zelle .{D} * see photocell .{E}.
photocell .{E} * Device for converting variations of light
intensity into electrical signals; also called a photoelectric
cell. .{D= Photo-Zelle; Es= célula fotoeléctrica; F= cellule
photoélectrique}.
photoconducteur .{F} * see photoconductive storage tube
.{E}.
photocopie .{F} * see photocopy .{E}.
photocopy .{E} * A generic term applied to copies
produced photographically directly on film or paper. The
copies are usually about the same size as the original,
thus the term does not normally include microimages.
Synonymous with photoduplication, photographic
reproduction, photoreproduction; see also reprography.01.
(22.) .{D= Fotokopie; Photokopie; Es= fotocopia; F=
photocopie}.
photodiode .{D;E;F} * A semi-conductor device which
generates an electrical current in proportion to re-ceived
illumination. 39. .{Es= fotodiódo}.
photodiode à quadrants .{F} * see four quadrant
photodiode .{E}.
photoduplication .{E} * see photocopy.
photoelectric .{E} * The property which various substances
have of creating an electrical potential when they are
excited by light.(10.) .{D= photoelektrisch; Es=
fotoeléctrico; F= photoélectrique}.
photoélectrique .{F} * see photoelectric .{E}.
photoelektrisch .{D} * see photoelectric .{E}.
photographic film .{E} * see film.
photographic paper .{E} * An opaque paper base, coated
on one side (simplex paper) or both sides (duplex paper)
with a light-sensitive emulsion on which images can be
recorded by exposure and subsequent processing.
Processed photographic paper may have positive or

negative images, may be either black and white or colour,
and is supplied in a number of sizes and types, which
include hard, negative, normal, projection, soft, and
contrast paper.01. .{D= ?; Es= papel fotográfico; F= papier
photographique}.
photographic records/archives .{E} * A collection or
accumulation of photographs, including negatives and
prints together with related textual records/archives.22.
.{D= Fotoarchiv/e; Es= archivo fotográfico; F= archive
photographique}.
photographic reproduction .{E} * see photocopy.
photographic soundtrack .{E} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.
photographie .{F} * see photograph .{E}.
photographie à la lumière naturelle .{F} * see availablelight
photography .{E}.
photographie aérienne .{F} * see aerial photograph .{E}.
Photographie .{D} * see photograph .{E}.
Photokopie .{D} * see photocopy .{E}.
photometer .{E} * 1) An instrument that measures luminous
intensity or brightness, luminous flux, light distribution,
colour, etc. usually by comparing the light emitted by two
sources, one source having certain specified standard
characteristics.41. 2) The measurement of the intensity of
light or of relative illuminating power.41. .{D= ?; Es=
fotómetro; F= photomètre}.
photomètre .{F} * see photometer .{E}.
photometry .{E} * The measurement of the intensity of light
or of relative illuminating power.41. .{D= ?; Es= fotometría;
F= photomètrie}.
photopolymérisation .{F} * see photo-polymerization (2P)
.{E}.
photoreproduction .{E} * see photocopy.
photoresist .{E;F} * A substance which becomes soluble
(or insoluble) when exposed to light. Used in CD glass disc
mastering.39. .{D= ?; Es= fotoresistente}.
photosensible .{F} * see photosensitive .{E}.
photosensitive .{E} * The characteristic of an electronic
device which converts an optical image which is focused
upon it into an electrical signal representing the same
image. .{D= ?; Es= fotosensible; F= photosensible;
sensible à la lumière}.
Photostat .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A trade name of a machine for
reproducing photographically pages of printed, drawn or
written matter on sensitized paper without films or plates.
2) An optical, right-reading copy made by such a
machine.19.
physical carrier .{E} * The bodily form in which data, sound,
images, etc., are stored. For certain categories of material
the physical carrier consists of a storage medium (e.g.,
tape, film) sometimes encased in a plastic, metal, etc.,
housing (e.g., cassette, cartridge) that is an integral part of
the item; see also container.(03.) .{D= ?; Es= soporte
físico; F= support physique}.
physical description .{E} * A set of physical data recording
and characterizing a sound recording or moving-image
work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= descripción física; F= description
physique}.
physical recording density .{E} * In magnetic tape
170
recording, the number of recorded flux reveals per unit
length of track (frpi).46. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de grabación
física; F= densité d'enregistrement physique}.
physical thickness .{E} * The thickness as measured by
physical means (e.g., micrometer, calipers, etc.). The
physical thickness is considered the real or actual
thickness of an item; see also thickness.48. .{D= ?; Es=
espesor físico; F= épaisseur physique}.
Pickett and Lemcoe .{D;E;Es;F} * The authors of an
analysis of the elements involved in the preservation and
storage of sound recordings commissioned by the Library
of Congress in the 1950s, published in 1959, and reprinted
by the ARSC in 1992; generally recognized as being the
first such study carried out by impartial observers and the
basis of many, if not most, of the sound practices
employed today in sound archives. (Preservation and
storage of sound recordings. Washington, D.C. ; Library of
Congress, 1959).
pickup .{E;F} * 1) The sound received by a microphone. 2)
The picture received by a film or video camera. 3)
Additional music materials recorded after a moving-image
production has been completed. 4) An electromechanical
transducer used to convert the groove information of a
mechanical recording into an analogous electrical signal.
There are piezoelectric (ceramic), electro-magnetic
(moving magnet), and electro-dynamic (moving-coil)
systems; see also cartridge. 5) Occasionally used to refer
to the tone arm containing the pickup or cartridge. 6) An
electromechanical transducer used to convert the
information on an optical disc by means of a LASER beam
into equivalent electrical signals; see also optical pickup.
.{D= 1 - 3) ?; 4 & 5) Tonabnehmersystem; Tonabnehmer;
Es= 1) captor; (dispositivo) captador; 2) perturbación
procedente de un circuito o sistema próximo; F= 1)
enregistrement microphonique 2) enregistrement d'images
cinématographiques ou vidéo 3) post-production audio 4)
cellule phonocaptrice 5) bras avec cellule 6)cellule de
lecture laser}.
pickup arm .{E} * The part of a reproducer which holds the
electromechanical transducer used to convert the groove
information of a mechanical recording into an analogous
electrical signal. .{D= Tonarm; Es= brazo del fonocaptor
[tocadiscos]; F= bras de lecture; bras de phonocapteur;
bras de pickup}.
pickup cartridge .{E} * The part of the reproducer which
holds the electromechanical translating elements and the
reproducing stylus.(10.) .{D= Tonabnehmersystem;
Tonabnehmer; Es= cápsula (del tocadiscos); F= cellule;
tête de phonocapteur}.
pickup felt .{E} * see felt.
pickup tube .{E} * The light-sensitive part of a video
camera that converts optical images into electrical current
or a charge-density image by scanning in order to provide
an electric signal; see also cathode ray tube.(10.) .{D=
Videoröhre; Es= tubo tomavistas (de cámara); tubo
analizador (de televisión); F= analyseur; tube de caméra;
tube de prise de vue}.
pico .{Es} * see peak .{E}.
pico .{F} * see pico- (p) .{D;E}.
pico- (p) .{D;E;Es} * Prefix for one trillionth (10-12). .{F=
pico}.
picotazo de aguja .{Es} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.
picture (pic; pix) .{E} * 1) A two-dimensional visual
representation accessible to the naked eye and generally
on an opaque backing. Used when a more specific term
(e.g., art original, photograph, study print) is not

appropriate.03. 2) The motion picture industry. 3) A motion
picture film. 4) The video portion of a video signal. 5) One
frame of a motion picture film.(04.) .{D= Film; Bild; Es=
filme; película; imágen; F= film; image}.
picture element (PIXEL) .{E} * The smallest element of a
display space that can be addressed, manipulated, or
effectively reproduced; the smallest unit of raster
graphics.(10.) .{D= Bildpunkt; Es= superficie elemental de
imagen; pixel; F= point d'image; eldim; pixel}.
picture negative .{E} * A negative upon which only the
picture has been recorded.(06.) .{D= Bild-Negativ; Negativ
Bild; Es= negativo de imagen; imagen negativa; F= négatif
image}.
picture tube .{E} * A television receiver or monitor cathode
ray tube in which electrical signals are converted into
picture information by a scanning beam traversing a
photosensitive surface; also called a kinescope.(10.) .{D=
Bildröhre; Es= cinescopio; tubo de imagen; válvula
cinéscopica; F= tube image; tube écran; cinescope}.
piece .{E} * see item.
pièce .{F} * see item .{E}.
pièce détachée .{F} * see component .{E}.
pied (de la courbe caractéristique) .{F} * see toe .{E}.
pieds/mètres linéaire .{F} * see linear feet/metres
(LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.
pieds par minute .{F} * see feet per minute (FPM) .{E}.
pies .{Es} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.
pies por minuto .{Es} * see feet per minute (FPM) .{E}.
pieza .{Es} * see item .{E}.
pieza metálica en los cilindros desarrollados por Edison
.{Es} * see cross-head .{E}.
piezoelectric crystal .{E} * A quartz crystal or other
crystalline substance that generates a voltage when the
crystal is subjected to mechanical stress.10.
piezoelectricidad .{Es} * see piezoelectricity .{E}.
piezoélectricité .{F} * see piezoelectricity .{E}.
piezoelectricity .{E} * Electricity or electric polarity due to
pressure especially in a crystalline substance, such as
quartz. .{D= ?; Es= piezoelectricidad; F= piezoélectricité}.
pigeon light .{E} * see eye light .{E}.
pigment print .{E} * A print which is made up of a colloid
relief image and which will not fade.42. .{D= ?; Es= copia
coloide; F= cliché au colloïde}.
Pigment .{D} * see oxide .{E}.
pin .{E} * A component of a motion picture camera or
printer mechanism that engages with a perfo-ration hole to
secure the film at the time of exposure.09. .{D= ?; Es=
conectador; espiga; alfiler (de contacto); vástago; F= griffe;
ergot}.
pin cushioning .{E} * A video aberration that causes the
picture to curve in along its sides. Named after the old
style pin cushions used for holding pins for sewing. .{D= ?;
Es= distorsión en cojín; F= distorsion en coussinet; en
croissant}.
pince pour le film .{F} * see flats .{E}.
171
pinch roller .{E} * On magnetic tape recording and some
film to video transfer machines, a free turning wheel with
a rubber surface which presses the tape firmly against the
capstan to ensure consistent tape motion; see also
pressure roller.(04.) .{D= Andruckrolle; Es= rueda [rollo,
bobina] de presión [pellizco]; F= galet presseur}.
piqué de l'image .{F} * see sharpness .{E}.
piracy .{E} * The unauthorized use of materials; often
applied to copyright infringement; see also counterfeit;
bootleg. .{D= Raubpressung; Piraterie; Es= piratería; F=
piraterie}.
piratería .{Es} * see piracy .{E}.
piraterie .{F} * see piracy .{E}.
Piraterie .{D} * see piracy .{E}.
pisada .{Es} * see footprint .{E}.
pista .{Es} * see track .{E}.
pista de balance .{Es} * see balance stripe .{E}.
pista de mezclas .{Es} * see scratch track .{E}.
pista de ordenes .{Es} * see cue track .{E}.
pista de sincronización .{Es} * see scratch track .{E}.
pista de sonido .{Es} * see soundtrack .{E}.
pista de sonido simple .{Es} * see single-system sound
.{E}.
pista dúplex .{Es} * see duplex track .{E}.
pista en espiral .{Es} * see spiral track .{E}.
pista magnética .{Es} * see magnetic track .{E}.
pista oblicua .{Es} * see slant track .{E}.
pista óptica .{Es} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.
pista que señala puntos editados .{Es} * see cue track .{E}.
pista sencilla .{Es} * see single track .{E}.
pista sonora de ruido .{Es} * see buzz track .{E}.
pistage .{F} * see auto tracking .{E}.
piste .{F} * see track .{E}.
piste bidectionnelle .{F} * see duplex track .{E}.
piste d'asservissement .{F} * see control track .{E}.
piste d'essais de bruit .{F} * see buzz track .{E}.
piste d'ordres .{F} * see cue track .{E}.
piste d'ordres .{F}. see cue track .{E}.
piste de compensation .{F} * see balance stripe .{E}.
piste de localisation .{F} * see buzz track .{E}.
piste de repérage des points d'édition .{F} * see cue track
.{E}.
piste de service de la bande master vidéo .{F} * see edit
black .{E}.

piste de synchronisation .{F}. see cue track .{E}.
piste longitudinale de codage temporel .{F} * see
longitudinal time code (LTC) .{D;E}.
piste magnétique .{F} * see magnetic track .{E}.
piste optique .{F} * see optical soundtrack .{E}.
piste pilote .{F} * see cue track .{E}.
piste son .{F} * see soundtrack .{E}.
piste son (magnétique ou optique) de la pellicule .{F} * see
stripe .{E}.
piste sonore à densité fixe .{F} * see bilateral soundtrack
.{E}.
piste sonore à densité fixe .{F} * see variable-area
soundtrack .{E}.
piste sonore à densité variable .{F} * see variable-density
soundtrack .{E}.
pistola electrónica .{Es} * see electron gun .{E}.
pit .{D;E;F} * 1) Commonly used defect term for sound
recordings which is similar to 'dig' and gouge, although it
might be a visible depression in the surface of the
recording that causes no break in the modulated groove
and, hence, no sonic distortion; see also chip; gouge. 2)
The term used to describe the depressions in the surface
of an optical disc which contain the digitally encoded
programme material to be read by the tracking LASER
beam in playback.(04.) .{F= microcuvette; fosse
d'orchestre; Es= microsurco}.
pivot .{F} * see spindle .{E}.
pivote .{Es} * see spindle (2) .{E}.
pix .{E} * abbreviation for pictures; the singular
abbreviation is pic.
pixel .{E} * abbreviation for picture element.
pixel .{Es} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.
pixel .{F} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.
pixel depth .{E} * 1) The number of bits used by a
computer to describe each pixel. 2) A measure of intensity
of resolution.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= resolución de [en] pixel; F=
résolution du pixel}.
pixel manipulation .{E} * In CD-I, a technique used in
decoding pictorial information to make high resolution pixel
information compatible with a lower resolution system.10.
.{D= ?; Es= decodificación de pixel (CD); F= décodage de
pixel : CD-I}.
pixel pairing .{E} * The joining together of two pixels to
make one byte; the pair are then regarded for most
purposes as a single unit.10. .{D= ?; Es= unión [empalme]
de pixel; F= couplage de pixels}.
pixel processor .{E} * A DVI video display mechanism that
is designed to process 12.5 million instructions per
second.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= procesador pixel; F= processeur
de pixel (DVI)}.
pixel repeat .{E} * A visual effect function that repeats pixel
values from an image memory to produce horizontal
magnification.10. .{D= ?; Es= repetición de pixel; F=
répétition de pixel}.
pixélisation .{F} * see pixillation .{E}.
172
pixillation .{E} * A technique of animation in which real
people or events are photographed in such a way that the
illusion of continuous, real movement is broken, either by
photographing one frame at a time or later printing only
selected frames from the continuously exposed
negative.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= animación por pixel; F=
pixélisation}.
placa de cuarto de onda .{Es} * see quarter wave plate
(QWP) .{E}.
placa de la ventanilla .{Es} * see aperture plate .{E}.
placa de la ventanilla (de proyección) .{Es} * see aperture
plate .{E}.
placa de montaje .{Es} * see mounting plate .{E}.
placa de presión .{Es} * see pressure plate .{E}.
placa ferrotipo .{Es} * see ferrotype plate .{E}.
placa opaca .{Es} * see opaque support .{E}.
plage .{F} * see track .{E}.
plage accessible .{F} * see optical beam accessible zone
.{E}.
plage balayée .{F} * see raster .{E}.
plage de lecture .{F} * see playing area .{E}.
plage de pré-sillon .{F} * see rim .{D;E}.
plages lumineuses .{F} * see highlights .{E}.
Plakat .{D} * see poster .{E}.
plan .{E;F} * A drawing showing relative positions on a
horizontal plane (e.g., relative positions of parts of a
building; a landscape design; the arrangement of furniture
in a room or building; a graphic presentation of a military
or naval plan).03. .{D= ?; Es= vista de plano}.
plan .{F} * see shot; top plate .{E}.
plan américain .{F} * see two shot .{E}.
plan avec maquette .{F} * see model shot .{E}.
plan cache .{F} * see matte shot .{E}.
plan d'archives .{F} * see library shot .{E}.
plan d'urgence .{F} * see disaster control plan .{E}.
plan de cinémathèque .{F} * see library shot .{E}.
plan de coupe .{F} * see cut-away; reaction shot .{E}.
plan de détail .{F} * see detail shot .{E}.
plan de deux personnages .{F} * see two shot .{E}.
plan de emergencia .{Es} * see disaster control plan .{E}.
plan de montage (bloc de têtes) .{F} * see mounting plate
.{E}.
plan de réaction .{F} * see reaction shot .{E}.
plan de référence .{F} * see reference plane .{E}.
plan de situation .{F} * see establishing shot .{E}.
plan de très grand ensemble .{F}. see extreme long shot
.{E}.

plan détouré .{F} * see matte shot .{E}.
plan focal .{F} * see focal plane .{E}.
plan général .{F} * see establishing shot .{E}.
plan grue .{F} * see crane shot .{E}.
plan longue focale .{F} * see long shot .{E}.
plan moyen .{F} * see medium shot; two shot .{E}.
plan par-desus l'épaule .{F} * see over-the-shoulder shot
.{E}.
plan pris en mouvement .{F} * see tracking shot .{E}.
plan reflétant le point de vue de l'acteur .{F} * see point of
view shot .{E}.
plan séquence .{F} * see master shot; sequence shot .{E}.
plan serré .{F} * see close-up .{E}.
plan suivant le mouvement .{F} * see follow shot .{E}.
plan travelling .{F} * see tracking shot .{E}.
plan très lointain .{F} * see extreme long shot .{E}.
plan-sequence .{E} * see sequence shot .{E}.
planetary camera .{E} * A type of microfilm camera so
constructed that the original document and film are
stationary and in parallel planes during exposure. The
document is changed manually and the film automatically
advanced one frame after each exposure; also known as
a flatbed camera; see also rotary camera, step-and-repeat
camera.(40.22.) .{D= Schrittschaltkamera; Es= cámara
planetaria; cámera esática; F= caméra statique; caméra
pas à pas ?}.
planification des classements .{F} * see classification
.{E;F}.
plano .{Es} * see flat .{E}; shot .{E}.
plano americano .{Es} * see two shot .{E}.
plano con catch .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.
plano con catch máscara .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.
plano con catch viñeta .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.
plano con dos actores, uno de ellos de espaldas a la
cámara .{Es} * see over-the-shoulder shot .{E}.
plano de corte .{Es} * see reaction shot .{E}.
plano de enfoque .{Es} * see focus plane .{E}.
plano de reacción .{Es} * see reaction shot .{E}.
plano de referencia .{Es} * see reference plane .{E}.
plano de un personaje u objeto .{Es} * see single .{E}.
plano desde abajo hacia arriba .{Es} * see tilt shot .{E}.
plano en el que se recubre parte del fotograma para
realizar efectos a posteriori .{Es} * see matte shot .{E}.
plano focal .{Es} * see focal plane .{E}.
plano general .{Es} * see master shot .{E}.
plano largo .{Es} * see long shot .{E}.
173
plano medio .{Es} * see medium shot .{E}.
plano que refleja el punto de visión del actor .{Es} * see
point of view shot .{E}.
plano secuencia .{Es} * see sequence shot .{E}.
planos de recurso .{Es} * see stock shot .{E}.
plaque de couloir .{F} * see apert
plaque ferrotype .{F}. see ferrotype plate .{E}.
plaque stéréoscopique .{F} * see stereoscopic slide .{E}.
plastic .{E} * Any of various non-metallic compounds,
synthetically produced, which can be moulded and
hardened. .{D= Kunststoff; Plastik; Es= plástico; F=
plastique; matière plastique}.
plasticizer .{E} * An additive to materials which makes
them more pliable. Examples are camphor and castor oil.
The loss of plasticizer can lead to shrinkage or hardening
of the coating, causing flaking and peeling.(04.) .{D=
Weichmacher; Es= plastificante; F= ?}.
plástico .{Es} * see plastic .{E}.
plastifiant .{F} * see plasticizer .{E}.
plastificante .{Es} * see plasticizer .{E}.
Plastik .{D} * see plastic .{E}.
plateau .{F} * see platter; set .{E}.
platina (magnetofónica) .{Es} * see tape deck .{E}.
platina de montaje .{Es} * see mounting plate .{E}.
platine .{F} * see tape deck .{E}.
platine d'enregistrement .{F} * see tape deck .{E}.
platine tourne disques .{F} * see tone arm .{E}.
platine tourne-disque .{F} * see turntable .{E}.
plato (giradiscos) .{Es} * see platter (2) .{E}.
plató .{Es} * see set .{E}.
Platte .{D} * see disc .{E}.
Plattenspieler .{D} * see turntable .{E}.
Plattentasche .{D} * see cover; slipcase .{E}.
Plattenumschlag .{D} * see album .{E}.
Plattenwechsler .{D} * see record changer .{E}.
platter .{E} * 1) A slang term for a disc recording. 2) A thin,
round plate used for holding a quantity of tape. 3) Part of
a disc record player where the disc is placed. .{D= 1) ?; 2)
Bandteller; 3) Bandteller; Es= 1) disco (fonográfico); 2)
plato (giradiscos); F= disque (pop); plateau}.
play back .{Es} * see playback head .{E}.
play mode .{E} * The normal playback function of a
magnetic tape recorded. .{D= ?; Es= modo de lectura; F=
mode lecture }.
play tension .{E} * The pressure applied to tape and film
based materials in the play mode by the supply and takeup
reel motors that keeps the tape/film in proper alignment
with the various components of the playback system (i.e.,

the playback head/s). .{D= ?; Es= tensión en el modo de
lectura; F= tension en mode lecture}.
playback .{D;E;Es;F} * Reproduction of a pre-recorded
signal.50. .{D= Wiedergaben; Es= reproduccion; lecture;
présonorisation; pré-enregistrement}.
playback head .{E} * A device on a magnetic tape recorder
that senses previously recorded signals of a medium as it
passes over. Coils in the head convert passing magnetic
fields on the tape, sensed at the head gap, into electronic
signals for playback or reproduction.(04.) .{D=
Wiedergabekopf; Lese-Kopf1; Hör-Kopf; Es= cabeza
lectora (de reproducción); play back; F= tête de lecture}.
playback mode .{E} * The identification of the equipment
required to reproduce the images and/or sound recorded
onto a carrier.(12.) .{D= Wiedergabe; Es= modo de
lectura; F= mode lecture}.
player .{E} * The mechanical and/or electrical device used
to recover previously recorded data; generally associated
with audio and video signals.(39.) .{D= Spieler;
Wiedergabegerät; Es= reproductor; lector; tocadiscos;
tocacintas; F= lecteur; acteur; interprète; comédien}.
player piano roll .{E} * see piano roll.
playing area .{E} * On a given carrier, the area from the
position of the beginning to the position of the end of the
recorded (modulated) region.(04.) .{D= Spielfläche; Es=
espacio [zona] de grabación; zona de registro; F= plage de
lecture}.
pleine piste .{F} * see full track .{E}.
pleines lumières .{F} * see highlights .{E}.
pleurage .{F} * see flutter; wow .{E}.
pleurage et scintillement .{F} * see wow and flutter .{E}.
pliegue .{Es} * see crease (1) .{E}.
plis .{F} * see crease .{E}.
plissement (spires) .{F} * see cinching .{E}.
plug .{E} * A circuit connector which is inserted into a
jack.16. .{D= Steckdose; Stecker; Es= macho; toma de
corriente; F= connecteur; prise; publicité clandestine}.
pluie (distorsion de l'image) .{F} * see rain .{E}.
plumbicon .{Es} * see Plumbicon .{E}.
Plumbicon .{E;F} ** A photoconductive video pickup tube
which succeeded the image orthicon tube. .{D= ?; Es=
plumbicon}.
plumming .{E} * see bronzing.
PNM .{E} * acronym for pulse number modulation.
POC .{E} * acronym for products of combustion (i.e.,
smoke, heat, etc.).
pocédé inversible .{F} * see reversal process .{E}.
poche .{E} * see pocket .{E}.
pochette .{F} * see cover; enclosure; kit; sleeve .{E}.
pochette de film .{F} * see film jacket .{E}.
pochette microfilm .{F} * see microfilm jacket .{E}.
pochette. .{F} * see slitting; slipcase .{E}.
174
pocket .{E} * A wallet-like receptacle usually placed inside
a cover of a container (i.e., a book, a record album) to hold
loose related materials (i.e., diagrams, notes, libretti). .{D=
?; Es= bolsillo; bolsa; receptáculo; F= poche}.
poder de resolución .{Es} * see resolving power .{E}.
poinçon .{F} * see punch .{E}.
poinçon (pour négatif) .{F} * see bloop .{E}.
poinçon sur le film son négatif anti bruit de collure .{F} *
see blooping hole .{E}.
poinçonneuse .{F} * see punch .{E}.
point d'accès .{F} * see access point .{E}.
point d'accès secondaire .{F} * see added entry .{E}.
point d'image .{F} * see picture element (PIXEL) .{E}.
point de calage .{F} * see cue point .{E}.
point de focalisation .{F} * see focus .{E}.
point de montage .{F} * see cue point .{E}.
point de rosée .{F}. see dew point .{E}.
point nodal .{F} * see node .{E}.
point of view shot .{E} * A moving-image shot which shows
the scene from the point of view of the character.30. .{D=
?; Es= plano que refleja el punto de visión del actor; F=
plan reflétant le point de vue de l'acteur}.
pointe de lecture .{F} * see stylus .{E}.
pointe tronquée .{F} * see truncated stylus .{E}.
polaridad .{Es} * see polarity .{E}.
polarisation .{F} * see bias .{E}.
polariseur .{F} * see PBS .{E}.
polariseur .{F} * see polarization beam splitter (PBS) .{E}.
Polarität .{D} * see phasing .{E}; polarity .{E}.
polarité .{F} * see polarity .{E}.
polarity .{E} * The characteristic of an image (moving or
still) of being either a positive or negative image; see also
negative; positive. .{D= Polarität; Es= polaridad; F=
polarité}.
Polarización del Divisor de Haces (luminosos) .{Es} * see
PBS .{E}.
polarized glasses .{E} * A device used to view stereoscopic
prints in which one lens is horizontally polarized, the other,
vertically. .{D= ?; Es= critales polarizados; F= verres
polarisants}.
polarizing filter .{E} * A filter mounted on a lens that
restricts light waves from entering from more than one
angle.(10.) .{D= Polarizatroustfiler; Es= filtro polarizador;
F= filtre polarisant}.
polea guíapelícula .{Es} * see idler .{E}.
policarbonato .{Es} * see polycarbonate .{E}.
police (caractères) .{F} * see font .{E}.
poliéster .{Es} * see polyester (PET) .{E}.

poliestireno .{Es} * see polystyrene .{E}.
polietileno .{Es} * see polyethylene .{E}.
polimerización .{Es} * see polymerization .{E}.
polímero .{Es} * see polymer .{E}.
polímero del tinte .{Es} * see dye-polymer .{E}.
polipropileno .{Es} * see polypropylene .{E}.
política de autores .{Es} * see politique des auteurs .{E;F}.
politique des auteurs .{E;F} * A French term identifying the
auteur theory, first set down in an article in Cahiers du
cinema by François Truffaut in 1954, which postulates that,
despite the communal nature of film making, a director will
leave his personal stamp on all his work.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
política de autores}.
polycarbonate .{E} * 1) A class of resins that are
thermoplastic, tough, transparent, and non-toxic
characterized by high impact strength and high softening
temperature.(31.) 2) The transparent plastic material used
to form the substrate for CDs.39. .{D= ?; Es=
policarbonato; F= polycarbonate}.
polycarbonate .{F} * see polycarbonate .{E}.
polyester .{F} * see also polyethylene .{E}.
polyester (PET) .{E;F} * abbreviation for polyethylene
glycol terephthalate; a flexible, transparent plastic sheeting
which is generally dimensionally stable, chemically inert,
strong, resistant to tearing, and relatively non-flammable,
commonly used as the base for film and tape. Sold under
a variety of trade names, including Mylar and Melinex, its
thickness is often measured in mils.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=
poliéster}.
polyester film .{E} * see polyester.
polyethylene .{E} * A chemically inert, stable, highly
flexible, transparent or translucent thermoplastic material.
It is used in preservation as a protective liner or sleeve for
discs and tapes. It furnishes a smooth fungi resistant
surface and is also a moisture barrier for both the disc or
tape and the external packaging (jacket or box).(04.) It has
a low melting point and is also suitable for an enclosure for
photographs when made with no surface coatings or
additives.43. .{D= ?; Es= polietileno; F= polyéthylène;
polyester}.
polyethylene glycol terephthalate .{E} * se
polyéthylène .{F} * see polyethylene .{E}.
polymerization .{E} * The process of joining two or more
like molecules into a more complex molecule whose
molecular weight is a multiple of the original and whose
physical properties are different.53. In recordings,
additives are chosen to alter certain physical properties for
a desired effect through polymerization. Sometimes these
additives can also create undesired effects.04. .{D= ?; Es=
polimerización; F= polymérisation}.
polymerized vinyl chloride (PVC) .{E} * see polyvinyl
chloride.
polypropylene .{E} * A stiff, heat-resistant, chemically
stable plastic. Common uses in preservation: sleeves for
35-mm slides or films, containers for such as safety film,
magnetic tapes, CDs.17. .{D= ?; Es= polipropileno; F=
polypropylène}.
polypropylène .{F} * see polypropylene .{E}.
175
polystyrene .{E} * A thermoplastic material used in the
production of discs, chiefly in the manufacture of 7-inch,
45-rpm single records; not generally acceptable for
archival containers.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= poliestireno; F=
polystyrène}.
polystyrène .{F} * see polystyrene .{E}.
polyvinyl acetate (PVA) .{E} * A colourless transparent
solid plastic, usually used in adhesives, which are
themselves also referred to as PVA or PVA adhesives; see
also polyvinyl acetate adhesive.17. .{D= ?; Es= acetato de
polivinilo; F= acétate de polyvynile}.
polyvinyl acetate adhesives .{E} * A family of dozens of
internally plasticized adhesives that dry quickly and remain
flexible over time. Since PVA adhesive/s are one of the
clear, water-white, thermoplastic synthetic resins produced
from its monomer by emulsion polymerization, are readily
diluted with water, are easily applied, and are safe to use
because they contain no flammable solvents, they are safe
to use in conservation. In addition, there is no need to use
preservatives or fungicides with PVA adhesive/s because
they do not deteriorate quickly and are unaffected by
mould or fungi. PVA emulsion does slowly hydrolyze,
however, and should not be stored for more than one or
two years before use. Freezing also destroys the emulsion,
therefore, precautions must be taken to avoid exposing it
to temperatures near or below the freezing point. PVA
results in a very strong bond (i.e., it is not advisable for use
on materials going into cold storage). After drying,
however, the PVA adhesive/s are not reversible in water,
and therefore are not suitable for such use as paper
repairs. They may be used when a flexible fast-drying
adhesive is desired and reversibility is not particularly
important.(17.32.) .{D= ?; Es= adhesivos de acetato
polivinílico; F= adhésifs acétate de polyvynile}.
polyvinyl chloride (polymerized vinyl chloride) (PVC) .{E} *
A plastic, manufactured since the 1930s, not as chemically
stable as some other plastics, since it can emit
hydrochloric acid (which in turn can damage archival
materials) as it deteriorates. It, therefore, has limited
application in the preservation of archival materials. Some
plastics called vinyl may, in fact, be PVA. In the sound
recording industry it is used in the manufacture of discs,
magnetic tape backing, and magnetic tape binder; it was
used as a binder in 78-RPM shellac type discs, and is the
primary ingredient in contemporary LP discs.(04.) .{D= ?;
Es= cloruro polivinílico; F= chlorure de polyvynile}.
Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) .{D} * see vinyl .{E}.
pompage .{F} * see breathing .{E}.
pompe .{F} * see sump pump .{E}.
poner guardas .{Es} * see tipping-in .{E}.
poner objetos en estanterías .{Es} * see shelving (1, 2)
.{E}.
poner un decorado .{Es} * see set-up .{E}.
pont .{F} * see bridge .{E}.
POP .{E} * acronym for printing-out-paper.
pop-stranding .{E} * Lateral displacement of a single strand
or wrap of tape or film extending beyond the level of the
film or tape pack; see also stepped pack.06. .{D=
Querverschiebung; Es= desplazamineto lateral; F=
décalage transversal}.
popped strand .{E} * see pop-stranding.
por colores .{Es} * see additive printing .{E}.

por corrosión .{Es} * see corrosion stain .{E}.
por corte fisico .{Es} * see cut editing .{E}.
por los ojos .{Es} * see eye light .{E}.
por modulación .{Es} * see intermodulation distortion .{E}.
porción de una vídeocinta .{Es} * see bin .{E}.
pornografía dura .{Es} * see hard core material .{E}.
pornographique léger .{F} * see soft core material .{E}.
porosidad .{Es} * see porosity .{E}.
porosité .{F} * see porosity .{E}.
porosity .{E} * That property a material has of containing
inter-stices (i.e., small or narrow spaces). It is defined as
the ratio of the volume of the interstices to the volume of
the mass of the material, and depends upon the number,
shape and distribution of the voids, as well as their shape
and orientation. It is usually expressed in percentages. The
term is sometimes used incorrectly to indicate
permeability.45. .{D= ?; Es= porosidad; F= porosité}.
porta objetos (microscopía) .{Es} * see microscope slide
.{E}.
portador .{Es} * see carrier .{E}.
portador de segunda armónica .{Es} * see second
harmonic carrier .{E}.
portadorea modulada .{Es} * see modulated carrier .{E}.
portafolio .{Es} * see portfolio (PF) .{E}.
portaobjetos .{Es} * see slide .{E}.
portapelícula (bastidor) .{Es} * see rack (4) .{E}.
porte coupe-feu .{F} * see fire door .{E}.
porte Et .{F} * see And gate .{E}.
porteuse (onde) .{F} * see carrier .{E}.
porteuse de l'harmonique deux .{F} * see second harmonic
carrier .{E}.
porteuse modulée .{F} * see modulated carrier .{E}.
portfolio (PF) .{E} * An enclosure used to protect loose
drawings, plates, papers, and the like. It usually consists
of two sheets of board covered with paper or cloth, with a
wide cloth or paper joint forming the spine. It has flaps to
contain the enclosed materi-al; see also protective
enclosure.(45.) .{D= ?; Es= portafolio; F= chemise}.
pose .{F} * see exposure .{E}.
posemètre .{F} * see exposure meter .{E}.
positif copie .{F} * see positive copy .{E}.
positif direct .{F}. épreuve contact; direct positive .{E}.
positif intermédiaire .{F} * see interpositive .{E}.
positif pour contretype .{F} * see master positive .{E}.
positif son .{F} * see sound positive .{E}.
position a .{E} * see cine mode.
position b .{E} * see comic mode.
176
positionnement .{F} * see registration .{E}.
Positiv .{D} * see positive; slide .{E}.
positivado .{Es} * see printing .{E}.
positivado óptico .{Es} * see optical printing .{E}.
positivado por contacto .{Es} * see contact printing .{E}.
positivado por reducción .{Es} * see reduction printing .{E}.
positivadora .{Es} * see printer (1) .{E}.
positivar .{Es} * see print .{E}.
positive .{E} * In film based materials, developed film that
has the same tonal values (either black-and-white or
colour) as the object photographed; also called a positive
image; see also negative; positive copy; positive image;
positive microfilm.(22.06.) .{D= Positiv; Positivkopie;
Positivfilm; Es= positivo; F= épreuve positif; positif; film
positif}.
positive copy .{E} * In the reproduction of documents or
photo-graphs, a copy having the same tones and image as
in the original; also called a positive print; see also
positive.(19.) .{D= ?; Es= copia positiva; F= copie positive;
positif copie}.
positive curl .{E} * see curl .{E}.
positive film .{E} * see positive .{E}.
positive image .{E} * A processed image resulting from the
negative printing exposure made on positive film. The
positive image looks like the original scene .09. .{D= ?;
Es= positivo de imagen; F= image positif}.
positive microfilm .{E} * A film bearing microcopies with
tone values corresponding to those of the originals.19; see
also positive; positive image.(22.) .{D= Positivfilm;
Positivmikrofilm; Es= microfilme positivo; F= microfilm
positif}.
Positivfilm .{D} * see positive; positive microfilm .{E}.
positivo .{Es} * see positive .{E}.
positivo brillante .{Es} * see glossy print .{E}.
positivo de imagen .{Es} * see positive image .{E}.
positivo de sonido .{Es} * see sound positive (2) .{E}.
positivo original .{Es} * see master positive .{E}.
positivo para copia de archivo .{Es} * see archival positive
.{E}.
positivo sonoro .{Es} * see sound positive (1) .{E}.
post lumination .{F} * see post-flashing .{E}.
post-echo .{E} * see echo.
post-emphasis .{E} * In audio and video playback,
equalization which is applied during playback and/or in the
reproducer. .{D= Entzerrung; Es= postecualización; F=
désaccentuation}.
post-equalizing pulses .{E} ** In a video signal, the six
pulses that occur after the vertical sync at twice the AC line
frequency. These pulses assure continued synchronization
during the vertical retrace as well as proper interlace of the
odd and even fields of video. .{D= ?; Es= pulsación de
postecualización; F= pulsation de désaccentuation}.

post-flashing .{E} * A motion picture production technique
in which colour film is ex-posed after shooting to a neutral
grey light source of a pre-determined quantity in order
either to mute the colour values for a more realistic effect
or to decrease the contrast range of the film stock to aid in
available-light photography.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= postdestello;
F= post lumination; latensification}.
post-producción .{Es} * see post-production .{E}.
post-production .{E;F} * In moving-image productions,
editing of pre-recorded material, including special effects
and audio dubbing.(06.) .{D= Nach-Bearbeitung; Es= postproduccion;
F= post-synchronisation}.
post-production audio .{F} * see pickup .{E}.
post-sonorisation .{F} * see dubbing .{E}.
post-synchronization .{E} * A moving-image production
technique in which the audio is recorded after the picture
has been shot. .{D= Nachsynchronisation; Es=
postsincronización; F= post-synchronisation}.
postamble .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a group of
special signals recorded at the end of each block of tape
for the purpose of electronic synchronization; see also
preamble.46. .{D= ?; Es= epílogo (sincronización
electrónica); F= épilogue}.
postdestello .{Es} * see post-flashing .{E}.
postecualización .{Es} * see post-emphasis .{E}.
poster .{E} * 1) An advertising message that is posted on
an outdoor advertising structure; also called a bill.(10.) 2)
A notice posted publicly. 2) A document usually printed on
one side of a single sheet of paper and often illustrated,
posted to advertise or publicize something; also called a
placard.(22.) .{D= Plakat; Es= cartel; F= affiche}.
postproduction .{F} * see post-production .{E}.
postsincronización .{Es} * see post-synchronization .{E}.
pot .{E} * abbreviation for potentiometer.
potash alum .{E} * Colourless crystals used by film
laboratories as a hardener in fixing baths; also available as
a crystalline powder; also known as the common alum.
.{D= ?; Es= aluminio potásico; F= potasse alun}.
potasse d'alun .{F} * see potash alum .{E}.
potassium bromide (K) .{E} * One of the bromides used in
the various photographic chemical processing solutions.
.{D= ?; Es= bromuro potásico; F= bromure de potassium;
potassium bromure}.
potence de pavillon .{F} * see horn support .{E}.
potenciómetro .{Es} * see potentiometer (POT) .{E}.
potentiometer (POT) .{E} * An electromechanical device
containing a resistance used to control the output of a
circuit or component; also called an attenuator, fader,
mixer, rotary fader, rotary pot, and variable pad.(10.) .{D=
?; Es= potenciómetro; F= potentiométre}.
poudrette .{F} * see bloom; buildup .{E}.
pounds per point .{E} * The ratio of the basis weight in
pounds divided by the thickness in mils, is used to
describe density; see also apparent density; basis weight,
thickness.(08.) .{D= ?; Es= punto de fluidez; F= livres par
point}.
pounds per square inch gauge .{E} * A meter for
177
measuring pressure relative to atmospheric pressure
which equals 14.7 pounds per square inch.(53.) .{D= ?;
Es= medida de fluidez por pulgada cuadrada; F= pression
en livres par pouce carré}.
poursuite .{F} * see chase .{E}.
pouvoir séparateur .{F} * see resolving power .{E}.
power amplifier .{E} * An amplifier designed to operate a
speaker system. .{D= ?; Es= amplificador de potencia; F=
amplificateur de puissance}.
power cord .{E} * Cable used to connect a piece of
electrical equipment to an external power source. .{D=
Netzkabel; Es= cordón de alimentación; F= câble
d'alimentation; câble}.
power supply .{E} * A circuit that supplies proper voltages
and currents as required by the sys-tem.39. .{D=
Netzgerät; Netzteil; Es= fuente de alimentación; F=
alimentation électrique; alimentation en courant}.
PPM .{E} * acronym for pulse position modulation.
PQ developer .{E} * see developing.
PQ sub-code .{E} * see sub-code.
practical lighting .{E} * 1) Normal light fixtures, such as 100
watt incandescent bulbs. 2) The technique of using those
fixtures for available-light photography.30. .{D= ?; Es=
iluminación práctica; F= éclairage fonctionnel}.
practical set .{E} * A realistically built set or an actual
location which does not have wild walls.30. .{D= ?; Es=
decorado práctico; F= décor réel; décor fonctionnel}.
pre-amp .{E} * see pre-amplifier.
pre-amplifier .{E} * also known as pre-amp. An amplifier
that boosts weak signal voltages, such as those from
microphones, magnetic playback heads, or phonograph
pickups, to a level that is usable by power amplifiers, and
at the same time accomplishes the necessary equalization
for industry standards. Some equipment combines the preamp
and the power amp. (50.) .{D= Vorverstärker; Es=
preamplificador; F= préamplificateur}.
pre-echo .{E} * see echo.
pre-emphasis (pre-equalization) .{D;E} * 1) That portion of
the equalization which is applied during recording.16. 2) A
high frequency boost added during recording, followed by
de-emphasis during playback, de-signed to reduce
noise.39. .{D= Akzentuierung; Vor- Verzerrung; Es=
preacentuación; preigualación; precorrección; F=
préaccentuation; expansion des contrastes}.
pré-enregistrement .{F} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.
pre-equalization .{E} * see pre-emphasis.
pré-flashage .{F} * see pre-flashing .{E}.
pre-flashing .{E} * A motion picture production technique in
which, before shooting, film is ex-posed to a neutral grey
light source of a pre-determined quantity in order either to
mute the colour values for a more realistic effect or to
decrease the contrast range of the film stock to aid in
available-light photography. .{D= ?; Es= predestello; F=
pré-lumination; pré-flashage}.
pré-lumination .{F} * see pre-flashing .{E}.
pre-mastering .{D;E} * 1) In recording, the process in which
basic programme data is processed to produce a master.
2) In optical media, the process of integration of digital

data code, error correction, and sub-codes, and
conversion to the CD data format prior to disc
mastering.(39.10.) .{F= pré-mastering; préparation de la
bande mère; Es= 1) prenegativo (fab. discos); 2)
preparación de la cinta matriz}.
pré-mastering .{F} * see pre-mastering .{D;E}.
pre-recorded tape .{E} * A magnetic tape which is recorded
prior to sale or other distribution, as opposed to a tape
which is left blank for the use of the consumer. .{D=
bespietes Band; bespielter Tonträger; Es= cinta
pregrabada; F= bande préenregistrée}.
préaccentuation .{F} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)
.{E}.
preacentuación .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (preequalization)
.{D;E}.
preamble .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a group of
special signals recorded at the beginning of each block on
tape for the purpose of electronic synchronization; see
also postamble.39. .{D= ?; Es= preámbulo; F= préambule}.
préambule .{F} * see preamble .{E}.
preámbulo .{Es} * see preamble .{E}.
preamplificador .{Es} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.
préamplificateur .{F} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.
préarchivage .{F} * see intermediate storage .{E}.
precisión de la posición del orificio .{Es} * see centring of
disc (2) .{E}.
precorrección .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)
.{D;E}.
predestello .{Es} * see pre-flashing .{E}.
predominant name .{E} * The name or form of name of a
person or corporate body that appears most frequently (1)
in the person's works or works issued by the corporate
body, or (2) in reference sources, in that order of
preference.03. .{D= ?; Es= nombre predominante; F= nom
prédominant (cat)}.
préenroulement .{F} * see preroll .{E}.
preequalizing pulses .{E} * In a video signal, the six pulses
that occur before vertical sync at twice the AC line
frequency. These pulses assure continued synchronization
during the vertical retrace as well as proper interlace of the
odd and even fields of video. .{D= ?; Es= impulso de
precorrección; preigualación; F= impulsions de
préégalisation}.
preigualación .{Es} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)
.{D;E}; preequalizing pulses .{E}.
preliminary cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.
prémagnétisation .{F} * see bias .{E}.
prenegativo (fab. discos) .{Es} * see pre-mastering (1)
.{D;E}.
prensa de empalmar .{Es} * see splicer .{E}.
prensado (discos fonográficos) .{Es} * see pressing .{E}.
prensado de prueba .{Es} * see test pressing .{E}.
prensor .{Es} * see pressure plate .{E}.
178
préparation de la bande mère .{F} * see pre-mastering
.{D;E}.
préparation pour microscope .{F} * see microscope slide
.{E}.
prepared paper support .{E} * A backing for a still-image
which has been coated with a layer of an inert material in
a gelatin solution upon which a photographic emulsion is
coated.42. .{D= ?; Es= papel emulsionado; F= support
papier préparé (photo)}.
preroll .{E} * The amount of time that video VTR needs to
stabilize and synchronize before making an edit. .{D= ?;
Es= tiempo de sincronización (vídeo VTR); F= délai
synchronisation; préenroulement}.
prescribed source .{E} * The documents or reference
works, designat-ed by cataloguing codes, from which
information may be taken for entry in each element or area
of the bibliographic description; see also principal
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fuente de referencia; F= sources
de référence (cat)}.
presence .{E} * A subjective term applied to a quality of
naturalness in sound recording/reproduction so that the
illusion is such that the listener perceives the sound as
close and realistic, while not being produced at some
remote location.(04.) .{D= Prösenz; Es= sonido ambiente;
F= présence; bruit d'ambiance}.
présence .{F} * see presence .{E}.
presentación .{Es} * see exhibition .{E}.
presentador .{Es} * see presenter; speaker (2) .{E}.
présentateur .{F} * see presenter .{E}.
présentation des responsibilités .{F} * see statement of
responsibility .{E}.
presenter .{E} * 1) For motion-picture films, a vanity credit:
in the early days of motion picture production normally the
head of a studio. Currently a person or corporate body who
is associated with production, finance, or distribution in
some unspecified way. 2) In British television usage, a
newscaster who is in overall control of the presentation of
a news or current affairs programme.(12.) .{D= ?; Es=
presentador; F= présentateur}.
preservación .{Es} * see preservation; preservation .{E}.
preservation copy .{E} * The artifact designated to be
stored and maintained as the preservation master. Such a
designation may be given either to the earliest generation
of the artifact held by a collection, to a preservation
transfer copy of such an artifact, and/or to both such items
in the possession of the archive. Such a designation
means that the item is used only under exceptional
circumstances.(04.) .{D= Archivkopie; Es= copia de
preservación; F= conservation copie; copie de
conservation}.
preservation duplicate .{E} * A duplicate copy of an item,
said duplicate to be designated the preservation copy; not
to be confused with either a use copy or a
printing/duplicating master.(04.) .{D= Archivduplikat; Es=
duplicado de preservación; F= double de conservation}.
preservation microfilming .{E} * The use of microfilming to
preserve the information content of documents that either
are in poor condition or were created utilizing poor quality
materials, as well as to preserve originals from
deterioration through repeated handling and use; see also
security microfilming; disposal microfilming.22. .{D=
Ersatzverfilm-ung, Ersatzverfilmung aus
Konservierungsgründen; Es= microfilmación de

preservación; F= microfilmage de conservation}.
preservation transfer copy .{E} * 1) A dubbing made for
archival keeping of an item which cannot be preserved due
to ongoing deterioration. 2) A dubbing made to serve as a
preservation duplicate of a preservation copy.(04.) .{D=
Archivkopie; Es= duplicado [copia] de preservación; F= 1)
copie de conservation (qui remplace l'original) 2) copie de
conservation (duplicatat de conservation)}.
Preservation Advisory Committee (PAC) .{D;E;Es;F} * A
group in the U.S. established in 1985 by the Council on
Library Resources (CLR) to guide initial work on long-term
preservation work at U.S. libraries.(19.)
préservation .{E} * see preservation .{E}.
presión de la aguja (sobre la superficie de un disco
fonográfico) .{Es} * see stylus force .{E}.
Preßmatrize .{D} * see stamper .{E}.
présonorisation .{F} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.
pressage .{F} * see pressure pad; pressing .{E}.
pressage original .{F} * see original pressing .{E}.
pressage test .{F} * see test pressing .{E}.
presse à coller .{F} * see splicer .{E}.
presse à collures .{F} * see butt splicer .{E}.
pressen .{D} * see pressing .{E}.
presseur .{F} * see brayer .{E}.
presseur de caméra .{F} * see pressure plate .{E}.
pressing .{E} * 1) The process whereby a machine flattens,
compresses, and squeezes materials to a predetermined
shape, such an LP record. 2) Any item produced in such
a process. 3) The items produced via such a process at a
given time (i.e., the initial pressing was 1,000 LPs; the 2d
pressing was 5,000 LPs).(04.) .{D= 1) pressen; 2&3)
Pressung; 3) Auflage; Es= prensado (discos fonográficos);
F= pressage; pression}.
pression en livres par pouce carré .{F} * see pounds per
square inch gauge .{E}.
Pressung .{D} * see pressing .{E}.
pressure pad .{E} * In a magnetic tape recorder, most often
a 'one-motor' machine, the piece of equipment which
forces the tape into intimate contact with the head gap,
usually by direct pressure at the head assembly. Felt or
similar material, occasionally protected with self-lubricating
plastic, is used to apply pressure uniformly and with a
minimum of drag to the base-side of the tape.(50.16.) .{D=
Andruckfilz; Es= almohadilla prensadora [para prensar]; F=
patin presseur; pressage.; cadre-presseur}.
pressure plate .{E} * The flat metal plate in a camera,
projector, or optical printer that presses on the back of the
film to keep the emulsion surface in the lens focal
length.10. .{D= ?; Es= placa de presión; prensor;
compresor; F= presseur de caméra}.
pressure roller .{E} * a spring -loaded rubber-tyred roller
which holds the magnetic tape tightly against the capstan,
permitting the latter to draw the tape off the stock reel and
past the heads at a constant speed.16. .{D= ?; Es= rodillo
prensador; F= galet presseur; tambour presseur. Also
called pinch roller; puck; capstan idler. {D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
préstamo .{Es} * see loan .{E}.
179
prêt .{F} * see loan .{E}.
prévisualisation .{F} * see preview .{E}.
primer montaje .{Es} * see rough cut .{E}.
primer plano .{Es} * see close-up .{E}.
primera copia .{Es} * see answer print .{E}; checkprint .{E}.
primera copia (original) .{Es} * see master (1) .{E}.
primera copia del día en una película .{Es} * see dailies
(rushes) .{E}.
principal source .{E} * 1) In cataloguing in traditional library
usage, a prescribed portion of the item being catalogued
which is considered to take precedence over any other
information when seeking elements of the bibliographic
description (e.g., the title page). 2) For moving-image
cataloguing, the established body of knowledge
concerning original moving-image works as determined by
those involved in their production and by scholars,
researchers, and archivists; see also prescribed
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fuente principal; F= source
principale}.
print .{E} * 1) A positive copy of a film. In archival movingimage
work two categories of prints are identified: a
viewing or reference print, which may be used by
individuals within archives, and a distribution or projection
print which was made for projec-tion and can be lent for
screening at other institutions.(30.12.) 2) A positive picture
usually produced from a negative.(09.22.) 3) A picture or
design printed from a plate, block, roll in the form of an
etching, woodcut, lithograph, including both proofs and
final versions.22. .{D= 1&2) Abzug; Kopie; 3) Druck; Stich;
Es= 1) positivar; tirar; copiar del positivo; 2) impresión;
copia del positivo; 3) estampa (grabado); F= 1&2) tirage;
copie; épreuve; 3) estampe}.
print film .{E} * Photographic film which is used to print
both the first workprint of a motion picture from the camera
film and as many copies as needed of the final edited
version of the production.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= película
impresa; F= film empreinte}.
print-out .{E} * In photography, the increase in minimum
density which occurs in the light.(05.) .{D= ?; Es= en
fotografía, incremento mínimo en la densidad de la luz; F=
?}.
print-out paper .{E} * see printing-out paper.
print-through .{E} * The unwanted transfer of a magnetic
field (and its signal) from one layer to another within a roll
of magnetic tape. A result of the magnetic instability of the
magnetic oxide on the tape, the magnitude of this induced
signal tends to increase with the storage time and
temperature and decrease with the unwinding of the tape
roll. It causes echo or repeated sound from one layer of
tape while the next layer is passing over the playback
head; see also echo.(04.06.) .{D= Hintergrundecho;
Kopiereffekt; Es= copia inducida; F= écho; effet de copie}.
printer .{E} * 1) In film production, a device used to print a
processed film onto a piece of raw stock. 2) The person
who operates the equipment. .{D= ?; Es= 1) copiadora;
positivadora; 2) operario que hace las copias; F= tireuse;
imprimeur}.
printer lights .{E} * In film production, the light source in a
film printer. .{D= ?; Es= luz de positivado; F= éclairage de
la tireuse; éclairage de tirage}.
printing .{E} * In film production, the duplication of motion
picture images by photographic exposure.(09.) .{D=
Kopierung; Es= positivado; tiraje; tirada; F= tirage}.

printing density .{E} * In film production, a measure of the
light-controlling power of the silver or dye deposited in a
film emulsion when it approximates that of a duplicating or
print film stock.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= densidad del positivado;
F= densité de tirage}.
printing dupe .{E} * A copy of the edited master film
reserved for printing purposes. .{D= ?; Es= duplicado
[copia] de un positivo original para tirar copias; F= copie
pour tirage}.
printing dupe videotape .{E} * A copy of the edited master
videotape reserved for printing. .{D= ?; Es= duplicado de
una cinta de vídeo original para tirar copias; F= copie pour
tirage}.
printing-out-paper (POP) {E} * A light-sensitive emulsion
yielding a visible image directly when contact printed in
daylight illumination.42. {F= papier d'impression; papier à
noircissement direct; papier au citratè; papier
héliographique; D= ?; Es= ?}.
prise .{F} * see plug .{E}.
prise (de son) .{F} * see take .{D;E}.
prise d'une scène .{F} * see shot .{E}.
prise de terre .{F} * see ground .{E}.
prise de vue archaïque .{F} * see stock shot .{E}.
prise de vue en accéléré .{F} * see time-lapse
photography; time-lapse movie .{E}.
prise de vue et enregistrement sonore sur la même bande
.{F} * see single-system sound .{E}.
prise de vue image par image? .{F} * see stop-motion
photography .{E}.
prise de vues aléatoires .{F} * see aleatory filming .{E}.
prise sur un tournage .{F} * see take .{D;E}.
proc amp .{E} ** abbreviation for processing amplifier. .{D=
?; Es= amplificador de procesamiento [acondicionamiento]
(de señales); F= amplificateur de traitement}.
procédé argentique .{F} * see dry silver process .{E}.
procédé d'anamorphose .{F} * see anamorphic processes
.{E}.
procédé d'animation .{F} * see live animation .{E}.
procédé d'effets spéciaux par chache et contrecache .{F}
* see travelling matte .{E}.
procédé de changement de mise au point pendant le
tournage .{F} * see rack focusing .{E}.
procédé de montage audio ou vidéo .{F} * see off-Line .{E}.
procédé fond bleu .{F} * see blue screen process .{E}.
procédé par imbibition .{F} * see imbibition process .{E}.
procédé thermographique .{F} * see thermographic
process .{E}.
procedencia .{Es} * see provenance .{E}.
procedimento de colores por síntesis aditiva .{Es} * see
additive printing .{E}.
procedimento de síntesis aditiva de colores .{Es} * see
additive printing .{E}.
180
procedimiento de efecto especial por caché y contracaché
.{Es} * see travelling matte .{D;E;Es;F}.
procedimiento de positivado .{Es} * see negative-positive
process .{E}.
procedimiento electroestático .{Es} * see electrostatic
process .{E}.
procedimiento forzado .{Es} * see forced processing .{E}.
procédure d'asservissement .{F} * see slewing .{E}.
procesado .{Es} * see processing .{E}.
procesado al cloruro de plata en seco .{Es} * see dry silver
process .{E}.
procesado en seco .{Es} * see dry silver process .{E}.
procesado para obtener una copia de calidad de archivo
.{Es} * see archival processing .{E}.
procesador .{Es} * see processor .{E}.
procesador de señal digital .{Es} * see DSP .{E}.
procesador de señales digitales .{Es} * see digital signal
processor .{E}.
procesador pixel .{Es} * see pixel processor .{E}.
procesamiento de imagen .{Es} * see image processing
.{E}.
proceso amónico .{Es} * see ammonia process .{E}.
proceso anaglífico .{Es} * see anaglyphic process .{E}.
proceso anamórfico .{Es} * see anamorphic processes
.{E}.
proceso de animación .{Es} * see live animation .{E}.
proceso de datos .{Es} * see automatic data processing
(ADP) .{E}.
proceso de datos automático .{Es} * see automatic data
processing (adp) .{E}.
proceso de difusión por transferencia .{Es} * see diffusion
transfer process .{E}.
proceso de elaboración de un original .{Es} * see
mastering .{E}.
proceso de inhibición .{Es} * see imbibition process .{E}.
proceso de inversión .{Es} * see reversal process .{E}.
proceso de laboratorio para numerar la película en sus
bordes .{Es} * see laboratory ap-positive process .{E}.
proceso del fondo azul .{Es} * see blue screen process
.{E}.
proceso termográfico .{Es} * see thermographic process
.{E}.
process camera .{E} * A device, usually with special
attachments, designed to produce images on an
intermediate material from which prints can be made, as in
photolithography.01. .{D= ?; Es= cámara de procesado; F=
?}.
process shot .{E} * see back projection; matte shot;
opticals.

processed film .{E} * film that has been exposed to suitable
radiation and has been treated to produce a fixed or
stabilized visible image.40. .{D= ?; Es= película
procesada; F= film développé}.
processeur .{F} * see processor .{E}.
processeur de pixel (DVI) .{F} * see pixel processor .{E}.
processeur de signal numérique .{F} * see digital signal
processor .{E}.
processeur de signaux numériques (DSP) .{F} * see DSP
.{E}.
processing .{E} * 1) A procedure during which exposed
photographic film or paper is devel-oped, fixed, and
washed to produce either a negative image or a positive
image.(09.) 2) A generic term for the total series of steps
involved in the treatment of exposed photographic material
to make the latent image visible and ultimately usable,
e.g., development, fixing, washing, etc. 3) A term used to
describe all of the steps involved in receiving, organizing,
inventorying, cataloguing, and carrying out basic
preparation of an item before placing it into storage.(06.)
.{D= Entwicklung; Es= procesado; F= &2) développement}.
processing amplifier .{E} * A video amplifier that
regenerates or reshapes the sync portion of a video signal.
.{D= ?; Es= ampificador de vídeo frecuencia; F=
amplificateur de traitement}.
processus négatif-positif .{F} * see negative-positive
process .{E}.
producción .{Es} * see production .{E;F}.
producción de campo electrónico .{Es} * see electronic
field production (EFP) .{E}.
producción de un campo electrónico .{Es} * see electronic
field production (EFP) .{E}.
producción sonora .{Es} * see audio .{E}.
produccíon del día .{Es} * see rushes .{E;F}.
producer .{E} * The person who bears the ultimate
administrative and financial responsibility for an audio or
moving-image production. In practice, the role of the
producer may be much wider and can include artistic
involvement.(12.) .{D= Produzent; Es= productor; F=
producteur}.
producteur .{F} * see producer .{E}.
production .{E;F} * 1) An imprecise term used to describe
the multiple steps involved in making all the original
material that is the basis for a finished sound recording
and/or moving-image creation. 2) A completed movingimage
creation and/or sound recording.(22.) .{D=
Produktion; Es= producción}.
production company .{E} * The name of the company
under whose financial, technical, and organizational
management a moving-image production is made. In a
broad sense the production company is responsible for the
overall creation of the work.(12.) .{D= Produktionsfirma;
Es= casa productora; F= compagnie de production;
maison de production}.
production date .{E} * The year in which the production of
a moving-image work was completed, or sometimes the
period of time from the beginning of the shooting until
completion of the work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= fecha de
producción; F= date de production}.
production légère .{F} * see electronic field production
181
(EFP) .{E}.
production monographique .{F} * see monographic item
.{E}.
production number .{E} * A number given to a movingimage
production as a means of ensuring accuracy in
assigning costs and other accounting information.
Production numbers may appear on the item itself, the
leader, can, housing, accompanying documentation,
etc.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= número de producción; F= numéro de
production}.
production rolls .{E} * In a motion picture production, a
general term for the various types of production elements
(film usually wound onto cores) before they are cut and
assembled into reels.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= bobinas [rollos] de
producción; F= bobines de production}.
productions journalières .{F}. see dailies (rushes) .{E}.
Produzent .{D} * see producer .{E}.
profil d'onde .{F} * see wave form .{E}.
profil de synchronisation .{F} * see synchronization pattern
.{E}.
profondeur de champ .{F} * see deep focus; depth of field
.{E}.
profondeur de foyer .{F} * see depth of focus .{E}.
profundidad de campo .{Es} * see depth of field; depth of
focus .{E}.
profundidad de foco .{Es} * see depth of focus .{E}.
programa .{Es} * see programme .{E;F}.
programa de aplicación .{Es} * see application programme
.{E}.
Programm .{D} * see programme .{E;F}.
programme d'application .{F} * see application programme
.{E}.
projecteur à arc .{F} * see arc lamp .{E}.
projecteur à arc de carbon .{F} * see carrier; carbon-arc
lamps .{E}.
projecteur d'ambiance .{F} * see broad light .{E}.
projecteur d'appoint .{F} * see filler light .{E}.
projecteur de vues fixes .{F} * see diascope .{E}.
projecteur spot .{F} * see baby spot .{E}.
projection arrière .{F} * see back projection .{E}.
projection kinescope .{E} * An improvement over its
predecessor the shadow-mask kinescope. An electronic
device used in large screen television systems. The
projection TV set have three very bright tubes, one for
each primary colour. The images on the tubes are
enlarged, converged, and focused onto a screen by means
of an optical system that may employ mirrors, lenses, or
both. Public Service Announcement. 2) Also referred to by
its Acronym PSA. .{D= ?; Es= cinescopio de proyección;
F= écran kinescope}.
projet .{F} * see draft .{E}.
projet architectural .{F} * see architectural rendering .{E}.

prolongement .{F} * see extender .{E}.
promo radio .{F} * see radio promo .{E}.
prompter .{E} * Either a paper based or electronically
generated system of producing the program script visually
for the performer in a video production to read while
maintaining direct eye contact with the video camera. Also
referred to as telepromter. .{D= ?; Es= apuntador de texto;
F= prompteur}.
prompteur .{F} * see prompter .{E}.
propiedades termoquímicas .{Es} * see thermochemical
properties .{E}.
protection master .{E} * 1) A master positive film used to
make a new dupe negative if the original is damaged; also
called protection print. 2) A duplicate made of an
audiovisual document for security purposes; also called a
protection copy.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) copia master de
protección; 2) copia de seguridad; F= élément de sécurité;
master de sécurité; copie de sécurité; marron de sécurité}.
protective layer .{E} * On an optical disc, the material
between the entry face and the recording layer provided
for mechanical protection of the recording layer to de-focus
surface dust and scratches. .{D= Schutzschicht; Es=
recubrimiento de protección; F= couche de protection}.
protocole d'échange d'information .{F} * see information
exchange protocol (IXP) .{E}.
protocolo de intercambio de información .{Es} * see
information exchange protocol (IXP) .{E}.
prototipo .{Es} * see model .{E}.
prototype .{F} * see mock-up .{E}.
provenance .{E;F} * A record or indication of previous
ownership of an item. .{D= ?; Es= origen; procedencia}.
proyección .{Es} * see projection .{E;F}.
proyección de una película .{Es} * see screening .{E}.
proyección de una película (en pantalla grande) .{Es} * see
screening .{E}.
proyección por transparencia .{Es} * see back projection
.{E}.
proyector .{Es} * see projector .{E}.
proyector con espejo .{Es} * see overhead projector .{E}.
proyector de trayectoria de proyección alta .{Es} * see
overhead projector .{E}.
prueba AB .{Es} * see AB-test .{E}.
prueba de emisión (por radio) .{Es} * see air check .{E}.
prueba de la velocidad entre surcos .{Es} * see speed
testing grooves .{E}.
prueba de modulación cruzada .{Es} * see crossmodulation
test (cross mod) .{E}.
prueba de residuos de tiosulfato .{Es} * see residual hypo
test .{E}.
prueba de resistencia a la rotura .{Es} * see ultimate
tensile strength .{E}.
prueba de resistencia al estallido del papel .{Es} * see
mullen .{E}.
182
prueba de rotura por tracción .{Es} * see breaking strength
.{E}.
prueba de solubilidad en agua .{Es} * see water spot-test
.{E}.
prueba sobre una superficie con alcohol .{Es} * see
alcohol spot-test .{E}.
pruebas de estabilidad de la lana azul expuesta a la luz
.{Es} * see blue wool light fastness standards .{E}.
Prüfliste .{D} * see checklist .{E}.
PSA .{E} * acronym for Public Service Announcement.
.{D= ?; Es= acrónimo de Anuncio de Servicio de Utilidad
Pública; F= annonce d'utilité publique}.
pseudoscopic stereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.
pseudostereoscopy .{E} * see stereoscopy.
psicoacústico .{Es} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.
psicrómetro .{Es} * see psychrometer .{E}.
psicrómetro de pilas .{Es} * see battery operated
psychrometer .{E}.
psicrómetro giratorio .{Es} * see sling psychrometer .{E}.
PSIG .{E} * acronym for pounds per square inch gauge.
psychoacoustics .{E} * That branch of science which
concerns itself with the various subjective factors involved
in audio acoustics. .{D= Psychoakustik; Es= psicoacústico;
F= psychoacoustique}.
psychoacoustique .{F} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.
Psychoakustik .{D} * see psychoacoustics .{E}.
psychrometer .{E} * A hygrometer used for determining
relative humidity (i.e., the amount of moisture in the air)
which utilizes wet and dry bulb temperature readings
which, when compared with a chart, shows the measure of
dryness of the surrounding air; see also hygrometer;
recording hygrothermograph; sling psychrome-ter.(45.)
.{D= ?; Es= psicrómetro; F= psychromètre}.
psychromètre .{F} * see psychrometer; sling psychrometer
.{E}.
psychromètre autonome .{F} * see battery operated
psychrometer .{E}.
public service announcement (PSA) .{E} * A short movingimage
or audio production presented by a nonprofit
organization which attempts to persuade the audience to
take some specific action or adopt a particular view toward
some service, institution, issue, or cause generally
considered to be in the public interest.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= ?;
F= annonce de service public}.
Public service responsibility of broadcast licencees .{E} *
see Blue Book .{E}.
publication .{E} * see distribution.
publicité clandestine .{F} * see plug .{E}.
publicitée .{F} * see commercial .{E;F}.
puce .{F} * see chip .{E}.
puck .{E} * see pressure roller.
puerta .{Es} * see gate .{E}.

puerta contra incendios .{Es} * see fire door .{E}.
puerta lógica Y .{Es} * see And gate .{E}.
puesta en circulación (de una película) .{Es} * see release
.{E}.
puesta en escena .{Es} * see mise-en-scène .{E;F}.
puesta en fase .{Es} * see phasing .{E}.
puesta en fase horizontal subportadora .{Es} * see SC/H
(1) .{E}.
Puffer .{D} * see buffer .{E}.
puffern .{D} * see buffering .{E}.
Pufferspeicher .{D} * see buffer .{E}.
Pufferung .{D} * see deacidification (neutralization) .{E}.
puisard .{F} * see sump .{E}.
pulgada .{Es} * see inch .{E}.
pulgadas por segundo .{Es} * see inches per second (IPS)
.{E}.
pull-down mechanism .{E} * The apparatus in a motionpicture
camera and/or projector that controls precisely the
movement of the film, pulling one frame into position while
the shutter is closed, holding it there while the shutter
opens and captures and/or projects the image, and then
repeats the process for the next frame when the shutter
closes. .{D= ?; Es= mecanismo tractor; F= mécanisme
d'entraînement et de contrôle de vitesse du film}.
pulsación de postecualización .{Es} * see post-equalizing
pulses .{E}.
pulsación del cuadro de color .{Es} * see colour frame
pulse .{E}.
pulsaciones horizontales de la señal de ataque .{Es} * see
horizontal drive pulses .{E}.
pulsador .{Es} * see key .{E}.
pulsation de désaccentuation .{F} * see post-equalizing
pulses .{E}.
pulsation tansversale .{F} * see pulse cross .{E}.
pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) .{D;E} * An analogue to
digital conversion method in which the amplitudes of
pulses in a pulse train represent the analogue
information.(39.) .{F= modulation à amplitudes
d'impulsions; Es= modulación de impulsos en amplitud;
modulación de amplitud de impulsos}.
pulse code modulation (PCM) .{D;E} * An analogue to
digital conversion method in which the analogue signal is
sampled at a rate equal to at least twice the maximum
signal frequency component, and the sampled value is
represented by a fixed-length binary number, the binary
number then being transmitted as a corresponding set of
pulses.(10.) .{F= modulation à impulsions codées (MIC);
Es= código de impulsos}.
pulse cross .{E} * see cross pulse. .{D= ?; Es= cruce de
impulsos; impulso transversal; F= pulsation tansversale;
impulsion transversale}.
pulse number modulation (PNM) .{D;E} * An analogue to
digital conversion method in which the number of pulses in
a pulse train represents the analogue information.39. .{F=
modulation sur le nombre d'impulsions; Es= modulación
183
de impulsos en número}.
pulse parameter modulation .{D;E} * The general type of
modulation in which information is encoded by pulse
representation.39. .{F= modulation sur paramètres
d'impulsions; Es= modulación del parámetro de impulsos}.
pulse position modulation (PPM) .{D;E} * An analogue to
digital conversion method in which the positions of pulses
in a pulse train represent the analogue information.39. .{F=
modulation à positions d'impulsions; Es= modulación por
posición de impulsos}.
punched paper tape .{E} * 1) A strip of paper used for
storing information by the calculated placement of
punched holes.(10.) 2) In motion picture processing, the
tape used to initiate light changes in the printing process.
.{D= ?; Es= cinta de papel perforada; F= bande perforée}.
punched tape .{E} * see punched paper tape.
punta cortada .{Es} * see truncated stylus .{E}.
punto de acceso .{Es} * see access point .{E}.
punto de acceso adicional .{Es} * see added entry .{E}.
punto de condensación .{Es} * see dew point .{E}.
punto de flotación .{Es} * see floating point .{E}.
punto de fluidez .{Es} * see pounds per point .{E}.
punto de partida para revisar (audio y vídeo) .{Es} * see
cue point .{E}.
punto del haz de electrones .{Es} * see aperture (4) .{E}.
punzar .{Es} * see punch .{E}.
pupitre de mélange vidéo .{F} * see switcher .{E}.
purpur .{D} * see magenta .{E;F}.
push processing .{E} * see
q --q
channel .{E} * When referring to the television signal, it
is correctly written as "Q". .{D= ?; Es= canal q; F= canal q}.
Q channel .{E} * 1) The band of frequencies used to
transmit the red and green colour television information. 2)
One of the eight compact disc subcode channels (p-w),
this used to carry the main control and display information.
It identifies tracks, indices, running times, and absolute
playing time of the disc. It also indicates whether the
recorded information is audio or other, whether preemphasis
is applied, and whether digital copying is
permitted. It includes its own cyclic redundancy check.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal Q; F= canal Q}.
QC .{E} * acronym for quality control.
QCI .{E} * acronym for quality control inspection. .{D= ?;
Es= Inspección del Control de Calidad; F= Inspection de
contrôle qualité}.
QI .{E} * acronym for quality index.
quad .{E;F} * abbreviation for quadruplex. .{D= ?; Es=
cuádruple; F= quadruplex}.
quadraphonic .{E} * System of recording and reproducing
sound using four separate channels and four separate
loudspeakers in an attempt to recreate a 360 degree
sound field around the listener.04. .{D= quadrophon; Es=
cuadrafónico; F= quadrophonique}.

quadrophonic .{E} * see quadraphonic .{E}.
quadruplex .{F} * see also quad .{E}.
Qualitätskontrolle .{D} * see quality control (QC) .{E}.
qualité d'archivage .{F} * see archival quality .{E}.
quality control (QC) .{E} * The series of tests and
measurements used to maintain acceptable tolerances -for
example, those of discs in mass production, or of
transfer quality in preservation re-recordi-ng. .{D=
Qualitätskontrolle; Es= control de calidad; F= contrôle (de
la) qualité (CQ)}.
quality index .{E} * For microphotography, the subjective
relationship between legibility of printed text and the
resolution pattern resolved in a microimage.(40.) .{D= ?;
Es= índice de calidad; F= indice de qualité (microphoto)}.
quantification .{F} * see quantization .{E}.
Quantisierung .{D} * see quantization .{E}.
Quantisierungsfehler .{D} * see quantization error .{E}.
quantization .{E} * In analogue to digital conversion, to
assign one of a fixed set of values to an analogue signal
as part of an analogue to digital conversion process. For
example, in pulse code modula-tion, an analogue signal is
sampled and quantized, and a correspond-ing set of binary
pulses is produced; also called quantizing.(10.) .{D=
Quantisierung; Es= cuantificación; F= quantification}.
quantization error .{E} * The distorted sound caused in
digital audio recording due to aliasing problems.(10.) .{D=
Quantisierungsfehler; Es= error de cuantificación; F=
erreur de quantification}.
quart de piste .{F} * see quarter-track .{E}.
quarter wave plate (QWP) .{E} * An optical component
used in some LASER pickups to shift the plane of polarization
of the LASER light.39. .{D= ?; Es= placa de
cuarto de onda; F= lame quart d'onde}.
quarter-track .{E} * An audio magnetic tape format in which
there are four separate tracks on magnetic tape. The tape
runs from left to right and the top track is usually recorded
first, and then the third. To record the other two tracks the
tape is turned upside down and once again fed left to right.
For stereo, the first and third tracks are recorded at the
same time, using a stacked head (one with both gaps in
line). Quarter track recording has a signal to noise ratio
which is poorer than that of half-track or full track recording
in proportion to the relative tape widths. 4-channel stereo
uses all four tracks in the same direction. Quarter track
tape is primarily intended for the consumer market (home
use); also known as four track.(04.) .{D= Viertelspur; Es=
cuarto de pista; F= quart de piste; quatre pistes}.
quarter-track recording .{E} * see four-track recording.
quatre pistes .{F} * see quarter-track .{E}.
quebradizo .{Es} * see brittle .{E}.
quedar en forma de rollo .{Es} * see core set .{E}.
Querspuraufzeichnung .{D} * see quadruplex .{E;F}.
Querverschiebung .{D} * see pop-stranding .{E}.
quiescent noise .{E} * The sound of an audio system in a
static condition; that is, with no applied signal.(04.) .{D= ?;
Es= ruido estático; F= bruit au repos}.
quietschen .{D} * see squeal .{E}.
184
quitar de una colección una adquisición previa .{Es} * see
deaccession .{E}.
QWP .{E} * acronym for quarter wave plate.
r ---
r channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present allocated to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal r; F= canal r}.
R/H .{E} * acronym for relative humidity.
R-DAT .{E} * acronym for rotary head digital audiotape.
rabotage .{F} * see shaving .{E}.
raboter .{F} * see shaver .{E}.
raccommodage .{F} * see mending .{E}.
racine .{F} * see radix .{E}.
rack .{E;F} * 1) A cabinet used for mounting electronic
equipment. 2) A turret used to hold camera lenses. 3) The
process of threading film through a camera or projector. 4)
A combination of the film rollers, or spools, drive
assemblies, rods, frame mechanism, and other pertinent
hardware that is put together to make a spiral path of
specific length for film that is to be immersed in a
processing tank.(09.10.) 5) The action that a camera
operator performes in rotating the lens turret on a video
camera. .{D= 1) Gestell; 2 - 4) ?; Es= 1) armario metálico;
2) bastidor; chasis; 3) estirado de la película; 4)
portapelícula (bastidor); F= 1) chassis; 2) tourelle 3) portefilm
4) ?
rack focusing .{E} * A photographic technique using a
shallow focus (shallow depth of field) in which the focus is
pulled to change the focus plane and therefore the
attention of the viewer, usually rapidly several times in the
shot; see also focus pull; focus plane.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
cambio rápido del plano focal; F= procédé de changement
de mise au point pendant le tournage}.
radiación ultravioleta (UV) .{Es} * see ultraviolet radiation
.{E}.
radial total truncated run out (TIR) .{E} * Maximum peak-topeak
radial displacement (micrometres) of any track on the
recording layer.46. .{D= ?; Es= máximo desplazamiento
radial cresta a cresta de cualquier pista de la superficie de
grabación; F= ?}.
radial tracking error .{E} * A mea-surement of an optical
disc player's radial tracking servo signal, used to
determine tolerance for disc flat-ness.39. .{D= radialer
Abtastfehler; Es= error de grabación de pista; F= erreur de
suivi de piste}.
radialer Abtastfehler .{D} * see radial tracking error .{E}.
radiant flux .{E} * The radiant energy emitted or received
by a surface in a unit of time. It is measured in fractions of
a watt, usually microwatts.25. .{D= ?; Es= flujo energético;
F= flux radiant; flux énergétique}.
radiation ultra violet .{F} * see ultraviolet radiation .{E}.
radio frequency (RF) .{E} * That part of the general
frequency spectrum between audible sound and infrared
light (about 10 kHz to 10,000,000 mHz).16. .{D= ?; Es=
radiofrecuencia; F= fréquence radio; fréquence radioélectrique}.
radio network .{E} * see network.
radio promo .{E} * A short message intended for radio

oadcast, advertising a radio programme.(12.) .{D= ?;
Es= anuncio; radiopromo; F= promo radio; annonce}.
radio station .{E} * see broadcast station.
radiocast .{E} * see broadcast.
radiodiffusion .{F} * see broadcast .{E;F}.
radiofrecuencia .{Es} * see radio frequency (RF) .{E}.
radiografía .{Es} * see radiograph .{E}.
radiograph .{E} * A photograph produced by the passage
of radiation, such as X-rays, gamma-rays, or neutrons,
through an opaque object.03. .{D= ?; Es= radiografía; F=
radiographie}.
radiographie .{F} * see radiograph .{E}.
radiopromo .{Es} * see radio promo .{E}.
radix .{E} * The number of symbols used in a number
system.52. .{D= ?; Es= raíz; base; F= racine}.
ráfaga múltiple .{Es} * see multiburst .{E}.
rafale (signal test vidéo) .{F} * see multiburst .{E}.
raideur .{F} * see stiffness .{E}.
rail (de travelling) .{F} * see track .{E}.
rain .{E} * 1) A television interference pattern consisting of
small vertical marks. 2) The vertical scratches on film; see
also cinch marks; cinching.(10.) .{D= Regen; Es= lluvia;
efecto de lluvia; F= effet de pluie; pluie (distorsion de
l'image); rayures}.
raíz .{Es} * see radix .{E}.
ralenti .{F} * see slow motion; slow-scan .{E}.
ralentí .{Es} * see Slo-mo; slow motion .{E}.
RAM .{Es} * see random access memory (RAM) .{E}.
RAMP .{E} * acronym for Records and Archives
Management Programme.
rampe .{F} * see float .{E}.
Rand .{D} * see rim .{D;E}.
random access .{E} * A means of locating and using data
on an audiovisual carrier without audition or viewing
surrounding signals.(35.) .{D= ?; Es= acceso aleatorio; F=
accès aléatoire}.
random access memory (RAM) .{E} * 1) A memory chip
used with microprocessors with which information can be
read from and written into the memory, but the contents
are lost when the power supply is removed. 2) Any form of
storage in which the access time for any item of data is
independent of the location of the data most recently
obtained.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= memoria de acceso aleatorio;
F= mémoire à accès aléatoire}.
random bit error .{E} * An error in a digital data stream in
which only a few bits are lost. Such ge .{E}.
ranura gruesa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.
ranura rugosa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.
ranura tosca .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.
rapide .{F} * see fast .{E}.
185
rapide .{F}. sensible .{F}. see fast .{E}.
rápido .{Es} * see fast .{E}.
rapport (amplitude onde) porteuse sur bruit .{F} * see
carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) .{D;E}.
rapport d'erreurs .{F} * see error ratio .{E}.
rapport de brillance .{F} * see brightness range .{E}.
rapport de réduction .{F} * see reduction ratio .{E}.
rapport de Strehl (optique) .{F} * see Strehl ratio .{E}.
rapport hauteur/largeur de l'image .{F} * see aspect ratio
.{E}.
rapport signal .{F} * see dynamic range .{E}.
rapport signal sur erreurs .{F} * see signal-to-error ratio
(SE) .{E}.
rapport signal-bruit .{F} * see signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
.{E}.
rare item .{E} * A desirable item (book, record, film, et al.),
sufficiently difficult to find that it seldom, or at least only
occasionally, becomes available. .{D= ?; Es= documento
raro [único, precioso]; F= document rare}.
rasguño .{Es} * see scrape .{E}.
raspado .{Es} * see shaving .{E}.
raspador (operario) .{Es} * see shaver .{E}.
raspaduras de emulsión y mugre .{Es} * see buildup (3)
.{E}.
raster .{E} * The illuminated area of a CRT produced by the
scanning lines. .{D= ?; Es= trama; cuadrícula; entramado;
F= plage balayée; partie visible de l'image TV}.
raster graphics .{E} * Graphics based on a raster display
in which the electron beam of the CRT scans each line in
turn, illuminating only those points (pixels) where
information is found. .{D= ?; Es= gráficas de tramas; F=
graphiques de trames}.
rastreo .{Es} * see tracing .{E}.
Raubpressung .{D} * see piracy .
Rauschpegel .{D} * see noise floor .{E}.
Rauschunterdrückungssystem .{D} * see noise reduction
.{E}.
Rauschunterdrückung .{D} * see noise reduction .{E}.
Rauschverminderer .{D} * see noise reduction .{E}.
raw stock .{E} * Unexposed, unprocessed, and/or
unrecorded photographic film, photographic paper,
magnetic tape, or other recording material.(06.) .{D=
Rohmaterial; Es= material virgen; F= pellicule vierge; film
vierge}.
rayado .{Es} * see scratch .{E}.
rayado por aguja .{Es} * see needle run (NR) .{E}.
rayo de luz .{Es} * see beam .{E}.
rayon .{F} * see beam .{E}.
rayonnage .{F} * see shelving .{E}.

ayonnage dense .{F} * see compact shelving .{E}.
rayur * see scratch; .{E}.
rayur{F} * see scratch removal; abrasion marks .{E}.
rayures .{F} * see rain .{E}.
rayures verticales .{F} * see lap marks .{E}.
razón de estallido .{Es} * see burst ratio .{E}.
RCA plug .{E} * see phono plug.
ré-édition .{F} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.
ré-embobinage .{F} * see rewinding .{E}.
ré-exposition .{F} * see burned-in .{E}.
re-pressing .{E} * In commercial record production, an
additional pressing of recordings usually from the same
stamper as the original pressing, although occasionally a
different or duplicate stamper may be used. Such
recordings may differ from the original pressings by having
different labels, different logos, different imprints, different
composition of materials, different recorded work/s on the
alternate side/s, and/or different packaging.(04.) .{D=
?;Es= nuevo prensado; F= nouveau pressage}.
reaction shot .{E} * A moving-image shot which cuts away
from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a
character to it; see also cut-away.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= plano
de reacción; contracampo; plano de corte; F= plan de
réaction; contrechamp; plan de coupe}.
read .{E} * The non-destructive retrieval of data from a
medium. .{D= resen; wiedergeben; Es= leer; dar lectura;
descifrar; F= lire}.
read-only-memory (ROM) .{E} * A memory from which
data, after initial storage, may only be read. .{F= mémoire
à lecture seule; Es= memoria ROM; memoria de lectura
solamente / memoria de datos fijos}.
read-write-erase head .{E} * A three-gap magnetic head
(read, write, and erase gaps) on one body (sometimes the
erase head is bolted to the read-write head).(46.) .{D= ?;
Es= cabez borradora de lectura y escritura; F= tête
d'écriture-lecture}.
reader .{E} * 1) A generic term for a person who uses
library/archive materials regardless of how the medium
they are consulting are accessed; also known as user,
researchers, and --dependent upon the type of materials
being accessed-- as listener or viewer.(22.) 2) An
electronic device that takes the time code signal and
resolves it into the 80-bit code word in videotape editing.
.{D= Benützer; Es= 1) lector; investigador; usario; 2)
máquina lectora; F= chercheur; lecteur}.
reader (microfiche, -film, - form) .{E} * see microform
reader.
reader/printer .{E} * A microfilm/fiche reader that has a
hard copy printer attached to produce hard copies of the
data on the microfilm/fiche.(22.) .{D= Lese- und
Rückvergrößerungsgerät; Es= aparato lector-impresor; F=
lecteur/reproducteur de microformes}.
reading file .{E} * see chronological file.
real image .{E} * In optics, an image of an object formed by
converging light rays, which exists where it appears to be;
see also virtual image.01. .{D= ?; Es= imagen real; F=
image réelle}.
real-time .{E} * Operation which is perceived to be
186
instantaneous to a user.39. .{D= Realtime; Es= tiempo
real; F= en temps réel}.
real-time operating system (RTOS) .{E} * An operating
system for optical disc systems with real-time
interaction.39. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de operación en tiempo
real; F= opérations en temps réel (disques optiques)}.
realce de imagen .{Es} * see image enhancement .{E}.
realia .{E} * Three-dimensional objects such as museum
materials, dioramas, models and samples.19. .{D= ?; Es=
objeto en tres dimensiones; F= ?}.
réalisateur .{F} * see director .{E;Es}.
réalisation d'une matrice .{F} * see matrixing .{E}.
realism .{E} * In moving-image productions, that attitude
opposed to expressionism which emphasizes the subject
as opposed to the director. Usually concerns topics of a
socially conscious nature, uses a minimal amount of 'technique';
see also neorealism. .{D= ?; Es= realismo; F=
réalisme}.
réalisme .{F} * see realism .{E}.
réalisme extrême ? .{F} * see minimal cinema .{E}.
realismo .{Es} * see realism .{E}.
realismo (cine) .{Es} * see minimal cinema .{E}.
realización .{Es} * see implementation .{E;F}.
Realtime .{D} * see real-time .{E}.
realzador de imagen .{Es} * see image enhancer .{E}.
rear projection .{E} * see back projection.
rebobinado .{Es} * see rewinding; wind .{E}.
reborde .{Es} * see flange .{E}; pitch (2) .{E}.
recadrage .{F} * see crop .{E}.
receiver .{E} * A term used to indicate an electronic device
which receives either broadcast radio or television signals.
.{D= ?; Es= receptor; F= récepteur}.
receiving system .{E} * An information processing system
which can read a set of files from a volume set which has
been created by another system for the purpose of data
interchange.20. .{D= ?; Es= sistema receptor; F= système
de réception; système récepteur}.
recepción vía satélite .{Es} * see downlink .{E}.
receptáculo .{Es} * see pocket .{E}.
récepteur .{F} * see receiver .{E}.
récepteur témoin .{F} * see monitor .{D;E}.
récepteur témoin .{F} * see monitor .{D;E}.
réception .{F} * see downlink .{E}.
receptor .{Es} * see receiver .{E}.
receptor-transmisor .{Es} * see transponder .{E}.
recherche documentaire .{F} * see information retrieval
.{E}.
recherche documentaire .{F} * see retrieval .{E}.

Recherche .{D} * see retrieval .{E}.
rechtlicher Wert .{D} * see legal value .{E}.
recipiente .{Es} * see bin .{E}.
recipiente estanco .{Es} * see seal pot .{E}.
reciprocidad .{Es} * see reciprocity .{E}.
réciprocité .{F} * see reciprocity .{E}.
reciprocity .{E} * The relationship between light intensity
and exposure time with respect to the amount of exposure
received by film. .{D= ?; Es= reciprocidad; F= réciprocité}.
reciprocity effect .{E} * The phenomenon in film exposure
and processing by which the relationship between exposure
time and light intensity is neither constant nor linear.
.{D= ?; Es= efecto de reciprocidad; F= effet de réciprocité}.
reciprocity law .{E} * A principle of film exposure and
processing that exposure equals intensity of light striking
emulsion multi-plied by exposure time (e=it). .{D= ?; Es=
ley de reciprocidad; F= loi de réciprocité}.
recogida electrónica de noticias .{Es} * see electronic
news gathering (ENG) .{E}.
Recogida Electrónica de Noticias .{Es} * see ENG .{E}.
recompilador .{Es} * see compiler .{E}.
recon .{E} * abbreviation for retrospective conversion.
reconditioning .{E} * Treatment of positive film prints with
the object of removing oil, scratches, and/or abrasions
from the surface.(06.) .{D= Regeneration; Es=
regeneración; F= régénération; F/B =renovation}.
reconstitution grandeur nature .{F} * see mock-up .{E}.
recopilación .{Es} * see compilation .{E;F}.
record .{E} * 1) An accumulation of information, regardless
of form or medium created, received and maintained by an
agency, institution, organization. 2) To register sound
and/or video, as on a grooved disc or cylinder, on a
magnetic tape, or on other media, so that it can be
reproduced. 3) The artifact resulting from registering
sound; also known as a sound recording. 4) To document,
as on a graph. 5) In computer data processing, a unit of
data forming the basic element of a file and consisting, in
turn, of a number of inter-lated data fields.(22.20.) .{D= 1)
Dokument; Registraturgut; Schriftgut; 2) aufnahmen; 3)
Aufnahme; Schallplatte; Bericht; Tonaufzeichnung; 4) ?; 5)
Datensatz; Es= 1) archivo; documento; testimonio; 2 y 3)
disco; cinta (sonoros); grabación sonora; impresión
sonora; 4) registro (de datos); 5) dato/s; F= 1) documents
d'archives; archives; 2/3) enregistrement sonore; 5)
enregistrement}.
record changer .{E} * A mechanism for playing audio discs
automatically; also known as a changer. .{D=
Plattenwechsler; Es= tocadiscos automático; cambiador
de discos; F= changeur de disc}.
record label .{E} * see label.
record margin .{E} * In magnetic tape, the change in
signal-to-noise ratio achieved by reducing the record level
from optimum while maintaining the reproduce level
constant to reach a specific bit error rate.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=
reducción de ruido; F= réduction de bruit (enr. mag.
numérique)}.
record office .{E} * see archives.
187
record series .{E} * In archives, a group of records
maintained as a unit because they relate to a particular
subject or function, result from the same activity, have a
particular form, or because of some other relationship
arising out of their creation, receipt, or use, and intended
to be kept together in a definite arrange-ment.40. .{D= ?;
Es= unidad de registros [grabaciones]; F= unité
d'enregistrements; séries des disques}.
recorder .{E} * 1) A device for making a record, such as for
incising a pattern of analogue sound waves in a groove on
a disc, cylinder, or other recording media (also known as
a cutter) or for placing magnetic charges into magnetic
media. 2) The person who makes a recording. 3) The
pieces of equipment on an acoustic recording machine
which receives the sound waves directed to it by a
recording horn, and which, in turn, directed the vibrations
onto a diaphragm to which was attached, directly or
remotely, a cutting stylus.(14.) .{D= 1) Aufnahmegerät; 2 -
3) ?; Es= registro; aparato de registro; técnico de registro;
F= appareil enregistreur; enregisteur}.
recording channel .{E} * see channel.
recording head .{E} * A device on a magnetic tape recorder
which converts signals from a source to magnetic fields
that magnetize the oxide particles on magnetic tape, thus
'recording' the impulse onto the tape.(04.) .{D=
Aufnahmekopf; Sprechkopf; Es= cabeza registradora
[grabadora]; F= tête d'enregistrement}.
recording horn .{E} * A conical device, without bell or flare,
made of a heavier gauge metal than for the reproducing
horn, used to direct the sound to the recorder and, hence,
to the diaphragm for an acoustical recording.(14.) .{D=
Aufnahmetrichter; Es= palanquita de registro [grabación];
trompa [bocina] de registro [grabación]; F= pavillon
d'enregistrement}.
recording hygrothermograph .{E} * A device for measspecified
period, normally 24 hours, seven days, or 30
days. The charts are divided into two fields, one for
recording temperature and the other for relative
humidity.(07.) .{D= ?; Es= termohigrógrafo registrador (de
datos); F= thermohydrographe}.
recording layer .{E} * In optical digital disc media, the layer
on or in which the digital data is recorded.46. .{D=
Aufnahmeschicht; Es= capa [recubrimiento] de registro; F=
couche d'enregistrement}.
recording session .{E} * The meeting or series of meetings
at which a given recording is made. .{D= Aufnahmesitzung;
Es= sesión de grabación; F= session d'enregistrement;
scéance d'enregistrement}.
recording stylus .{E} * see stylus.
recording tube .{E} * A flexible tube of about 15-inches in
length with a vulcanite mouthpiece used for speaking as
directly as possible into the recording apparatus of cylinder
machines.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= tubo de registro [grabación];
F= tube d'enregistrement}.
recording zone .{E} * An annular (e.g., a thin outer ring)
subset of the optical beam accessible zone of an optical
disc available to the user for data storage.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=
zona de grabación [registro]; F= zone d'enregistrement}.
Recording Industry Association of America (RIaa)
.{D;E;Es;F} * A non-profit trade association founded in
1952 to work for the interests and betterment of the sound
recording industry in the United States. Members are
companies which create, manufacture, and market sound
recordings; established the RIAA curve.(04.)
records centre container/carton .{E} * A corrugated
cardboard box designed to hold one cubic foot of records,

either legal or letter size, and used chiefly in records
centres.07. .{D= ?; Es= ycaja; contenedor de
almacenamiento de grabaciones (discos; cintas); F=
boîte/carton de stockage de disques}.
recortar .{Es} * see crop .{E}.
recourbé .{F} * see buckle .{E}.
recouvrement .{F} * see crossover .{E}.
rectificación de error .{Es} * see error correction .{E}.
rectificación de errores .{Es} * see error detection and
correction .{E}; error detection and correction code (EDDC)
.{E}.
recubr-halo .{Es} * see rem jet .{E}.
recubrimiento (magnético o en disolución) .{Es} * see
stripe .{E}.
recubrimiento de protección .{Es} * see protective layer
.{E}.
recubrimiento de registro .{Es} * see recording layer .{E}.
recubrimientos conductivas .{Es} * see conductive
coatings .{E}.
recuperación de la información .{Es} * see information
retrieval .{E}.
recuperación de la plata .{Es} * see silver recovery .{E}.
recuperación documental .{Es} * see retrieval .{E}.
récupération de l'argent .{F} * see silver recovery .{E}.
recycled vinyl .{E} * Vinyl made in a range of qualities from
previously used polyvinyl materials. .{D= ?; Es= vinilo
reciclado; F= vinyle recyclé}.
red .{Es} * see network .{E}.
red difractora .{Es}. * see diffraction grating .{E}.
red etérea .{Es} * see ethernet .{E}.
Red Book .{D;E} * The specification book for the AD-DA
specifica-tion, so named for the colour of the binding of the
book. .{F= Livre Rouge; Es= Libro Rojo}.
red-green-blue (RGB) .{E} * A type of video colour output
to a display consisting of separate signals for red, green
and blue--an alternative to composite video.39. When
RGB signals are separate they are referred to as
"component" signals. .{D= rot-grün-blau; Es= rojo-verdeazul;
F= rouge-vert-bleu}.
redistribución .{Es} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.
reducción de la señal de audio .{Es} * see fade (3) .{E}.
reducción de parásitos .{Es} * see noise reduction .{E}.
reducción de ruido .{Es} * see noise reduction .{E}.
reducer .{E} * in developing photographic and movingimage
materi-als, a chemical agent for reducing the
density of images on materials sensitized with silver
gelatin.01. .{D= ?; Es= reductor; agente reductor; F=
réducteur (dev. photo et film); agent réducteur}.
réducteur (dev. photo et film) .{F} * see reducer .{E}.
reduction negative .{E} * see reduction printing.
188
reduction print .{E} * see reduction printing.
reduction printing .{E} * The process of producing and
recording photographically a smaller image usually on a
smaller film format from a larger image. Film thus made is
referred to as a reduction negative or a reduction print.09.
.{D= verkleinert Kopieren; Es= positivado por redución;
tiraje por reducción; F= tirage par réduction}.
réduction de balayage sur un écran vidéo .{F} * see
underscan .{E}.
réduction de bruit .{F} * see noise reduction .{E}.
réduction de bruit (enr. mag. numérique) .{F} * see record
margin .{E}.
réduction de niveau .{F} * see dropout .{E}.
reductor .{Es} * see reducer .{E}.
Reed-Solomon code .{E} * see cross interleave Reed-
Solomon code.
reedición .{Es} * see rerelease/reissue .{E}.
reel .{E} * 1) The flanged hub, or spool, made of various
materials (i.e., metal, glass, plastic, or combinations) for
holding recorded tape, film, or similar strip materials. 2)
The resulting roll of such materials.(01.22.06.) .{D= 1)
Spule; 2) Rolle; Filmrolle; Es= 1) carrete; 2) rollo; F= 1)
bobine; 2) rouleau}.
reel flange .{E} * The sides for a reel of tape or motion
picture or microfilm. Professional 10½-inch and 14-inch
tape reels have flanges mounted on NAB hubs.04. .{D=
Flansch; Es= pestaña del carrete [rollo]; F= flasque /joue
de bobine; collet de bobine}.
reel pack .{E} * A term denoting the quality of wind of film
or tape on a reel or hub.(06.) .{D= Wickelfestigkeit; Wickel;
Spulstärke; Es= bobinado; F= bobinage}.
reel to reel .{E} * The playback, rewinding, or recording
from one reel or spool of film or tape to a separate take-up
reel or spool.(19.) .{D= Spulengeräte; Es= bobina a
bobina; bobinado libre; F= bobine libre; bobine à bobine}.
reeling .{E} * The operation of winding materials onto a
reel.08. .{D= ?; Es= bobinado; F= bobinage}.
réenregistrement .{F} * see dub .{E}.
réenregistrement (son) .{F} * see rerecording .{E}.
reference .{E} * In reference to a bibliographic entry, a
direction from one heading or entry to another.(12.) .{D=
Referenz; Bezug-; Standard; ?; Es= referencia; F=
référence}.
reference copy .{E} * 1) A clone, imitation, or duplicate
copy of an item which is available for use purposes. 2) A
copy used as a reference against which the performances
of other copies are compared; in motion picture parlance,
also known as reference print.(46.) .{D= Referenz; Es=
copia de referencia; copia de consulta; F= copie de
réference}.
reference film .{E} * see reference copy.
reference microfilming .{E} * The use of microfilming to
facilitate reference service.23. .{D= Verfilmung für
Benutzungszwecke; Benützung-sverfilmung; Es=
microfilmación de consulta; F= microfilmage de référence;
microfilmage de communication}.
reference plane .{E} * On optical disc media, the layer
normal to the axis of rotation of the disc drive spindle

defined by the contact surface with the disc drive.(46.) .{D=
Bezugsebene; Bezugfläche; Es= plano de referencia; F=
plan de référence}.
reference print .{E} * 1) A motion picture film release
copy/print that is retained as a comparison for subsequent
prints. 2) A clone, imitation, or duplicate copy of an item
which is available for research or reference use; also
known as a reference copy; see also print. .{D= ?; Es=
copia [impresión] de referencia; F= copie de référence}.
reference tape .{E} * see reference copy.
référence .{F} * see reference .{E}.
referencia .{Es} * see reference .{E}.
referencias (con tiras de papel) de secuencias .{Es} * see
paper marks (1) .{E}.
Referenz .{D} * see reference; reference copy .{E}.
refilmer .{F} * see retake .{E}.
reflectance .{E} * A measure of the intensity of light
reflected from a surface, as compared with the intensity of
light incident upon the surface. Reflectance is a property
of opaque materials, such as paper. Reflectance is
measured with a reflection densitome-ter. The values are
compared with those on a reflectance test target to arrive
at a relative measure of reflectance; see also reflected
light.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= reflectancia; factor de reflexión; F=
facteur de réflexion; réflexion de la lumière}.
reflectance test target .{E} * see reflectance.
reflectancia .{Es} * see reflectance .{E}.
reflectancia del nivel de base .{Es} * see baseline
reflectivity .{E}.
reflected light .{E} * A light which leaves the surface of the
object at approximately 45 degrees; see also
reflectance.(42.) .{D= ?; Es= luz reflejada; F= lumière
réfléchie}.
réflecteur parapluie .{F} * see umbrella .{E}.
reflection densitometer .{E} * see densitometer.
reflection density .{E} * see density.
reflector .{Es} * see governor .{E}.
reflector cóncavo .{Es} * see scoop .{E}.
reflector de sonido .{Es} * see gobo .{E}.
reflejar .{Es} * see imager .{E}.
reflejo de la luz que entra en un objetivo .{Es} * see bloom
(3) .{E}.
reflex camera .{E} * A camera which incorporates a
mirrored shutter and prisms so that the cameraman can
observe the scene through the same lens through which
the film 'sees' the scene, thereby eliminating problems of
parallax distortion and greatly enhancing the cameraman's
ability to judge the elements of the scene. Almost all
cameras used today are reflex cameras.30. .{D= ?; Es=
cámara reflex; F= caméra (à vidée) réflex; camera réflexe}.
réflexivité du disque vierge .{F} * see baseline reflectivity
.{E}.
refractive index .{E} * see index of refraction.
refuerzo de los (sonidos) agudos .{Es} * see treble boost
189
.{E}.
Regal .{D} * see bay .{E}; shelf .{E}; shelving .{E}.
Regalanlange .{D} * see shelving .{E}.
Regalbrett .{D} * see shelf .{E}.
Regaleinheit .{D} * see bay .{E}.
Regalmeter .{D} * see linear feet/metres (LnFt/LnMt) .{E}.
Regen .{D} * see rain .{E}.
regeneracion .{Es} * see reconditioning .{E}.
Regeneration .{D} * see reconditioning; restoration .{E}.
régénération synchro .{F} * see jam sync .{E}.
régimen de muestreo .{Es} * see sampling rate .{E}.
Regisseur .{D} * see director .{E;Es}.
register .{E} * 1) The exact alignment of colour plates in the
colour separation process, or any other printing images. 2)
An area of a computer memory designed for specific
function/s. 3) The range of the human voice or other
instrument. 4) To stabilize a film in a camera or projector
gate.(10.) 5) The action of aligning the electron beams in
a colour video camera. .{D= ?; Es= registro; archivo;
contador; F= aligner; registre}.
registrador [grabador] a distancia .{Es} * see telerecorder
(2) .{E}.
registradora tipo C .{Es} * see type C recorder .{E}.
registrar .{Es} * see write .{E}.
registration .{E} * 1) The accurate alignment of two or more
images on separate animation cels. 2) The accurate
relationship of a camera and the animation cel being
photographed. 3) The accurate alignment of the three
electron guns in a television camera or receiver.(10.) .{D=
?; Es= registro; asiento; lectura; indicación; F= alignement
(images animées); positionnement; alignement (faisceaux
d'électrons); enregistrement}.
registration pin .{E} * A protruding metal point or pin in a
camera mechanism that engages the film perforations;
sometimes called pilot pins and register pins.(10.) .{D=
Sperrgreifer; Es= contragarfio; F= contre-griffe}.
Registraturgut .{D} * see record .{E}.
registre .{F} * see register .{E}.
régistre par approximations successives .{F} * see
successive approximation register (SAR) .{E}.
registro .{Es} * see recorder .{E}.
registro (de datos) .{Es} * see record (4) .{E}.
registro (magnetofónico) en hilo .{Es} * see wire recording
.{E}.
registro de aproximación sucesiva .{Es} * see successive
approximation register (SAR) .{E}.
registro de los derechos de autor .{Es} * see copyright
registration .{E}.
registro de los intérpretes principales .{Es} * see created
roll (CR) .{E}.
registro descriptor de ficheros .{Es} * see file descriptor

ecord .{E}.
registro en mdia pista .{Es} * see half-track recorder .{E}.
registro magnético de una sola pista .{Es} * see single
track recorder .{E}.
regla .{Es} * see straight edge .{E}.
regla luminosa para comprobación de daños en
dispositivas .{Es} * see light damage slide rule .{E}.
réglage .{F} * see alignment .{E}.
réglage couleurs système additif (vid) .{F} * see trim setting
.{E}.
réglage d'azimut .{F} * see azimuth adjustment .{E}.
réglage d'exposition .{F} * see exposure setting .{E}.
réglage de tonalité .{F} * see tone control .{E}.
réglage des têtes .{F} * see head alignment .{E}.
reglaje exacto .{Es} * see tracking (1) .{D;E}.
règle .{F} * see standard .{E}.
réglege de tonalité .{E} * see tone control .{E}.
Regler .{D} * see fader .{E}.
regrabación .{Es} * see over-dub .{E}; rerecording .{E}.
régulateur à boules .{F} * see flywheel .{E}.
rehabilitation .{E} * see preservation.
Reibungskoeffifient .{D} * see coefficient of friction .{E}.
Reihe .{D} * see row .{E}.
Reinigung .{D} * see cleaning .{E}.
Reinigungsband .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.
Reinigungsfilm .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.
Reinigungskassette .{D} * see cleaning film/tape .{E}.
Reinraum .{D} * see clean room .{E}.
Reißfestigkeit .{D} * see tensile strength .{E}.
Reißlast .{D} * see breaking strength .{E}.
reissue .{E} * see rerelease/reissue.
rejilla .{Es} * see grid .{E;F}.
rejilla difractora .{Es} * see diffraction grating .{E}.
relación .{Es} * see list .{E}; related body .{E}.
relación de entrega .{Es} * see checklist .{E}.
relación de frecuencia de fotogramas .{Es} * see frame
frequency rate .{E}.
relación de transferencia .{Es} * see checklist .{E}.
relación portadora-ruido .{Es} * see carrier-to-noise ratio
(CNR) .{D;E}.
relación señal-error .{Es} * see signal-to-error ratio (SE)
.{E}.
190
relación señal-ruido .{Es} * see signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
.{E}.
relais optique .{F} * see light valve .{E}.
related body .{E} * A corporate body that has a relation to
another body other than a hierarchical relation (e.g., one
that is founded but not controlled by another body; one that
only receives financial support from another body; one that
provides financial and/or other types of assistance to
another body, such as a 'friends' group; one whose
members have also membership in or an association with
another body, such as employees' associations and alumni
associations).03. .{D= ?; Es= relación; F= relation}.
related title .{E} * In relation bibliographic citations, the
name of a separate work upon which the item being
cataloged is based, or which has some other established
connection with it.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título de referencia; F=
?}.
relation .{F} * see related body .{E}.
relative Feuchtigkeit .{D} * see relative humidity (R/H) .{E}.
releaser .{E} * The agent or agency responsible for the
distribution of moving-image work.12. .{D= ?; Es=
distribuidor; F= distributeur; échappement}.
relief image .{E} * An image which shows a threedimensional
quality between the shadows and the
highlights, and which swells when spot-tested with
water.35; see also flat image. .{D= ?; Es= imagen en
relieve; F= image en relief}.
relief sonore .{F} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.
reloj .{Es} * see clock .{E}.
reluctance microphone .{E} * Inexpensive electro-magnetic
(variable reluctance) type microphone supplied with many
tape recorders which is extremely rugged and durable but
generally not as high quality as crystal or ceramic types.
Employs a metal 'wand' which moves in a magnetic field to
produce varying voltages.16. .{D= ?; Es= micrófono de
reluctancia variable; F= microphone à réluctance}.
rem jet .{E} * An antihalation layer on the back of the film
base which is removed during processing.09. .{D= ?; Es=
capa [recubrimiento] anti-halo; F= revêtement anti-halo}.
remake .{E;Es;F} * A later audio and/or moving-image
production, with different credits, script, and or cast, of a
work previously filmed or recorded.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= nueva
versión; F= nouvelle version; refaire}.
remanence .{E;F} * The induction, in lines of flux per unit
width of tape, which remains when the magnetizing field is
reduced to zero from a level producing saturation. A figure
of merit for magnetic tape indicative of relative output,
distortion, and response at low frequencies (long wave
lengths).16. The magnetic flux density that remains in a
magnetic circuit after removal of applied magnetomoti-ve
force; see also retentivity.46. .{D= Remanenz; Es=
remanencia}.
rémanence .{F} * see retentivity .{E}.
remanencia .{Es} * see remanence .{E;F}.
Remanenz .{D} * see remanence .{E;F}.
rembobinage .{F} * see wind .{E}.
remote access (computer files) .{E} * The use of computer
files via input/output devices connected electronically to a
computer; see also direct access (computer files).03. .{D=
?; Es= aceso a distancia (archivos de ordenador); F=

accès à distance}.
rendimiento .{Es} * see output .{E}.
renforcement des sons aigus .{F} * see triacetate .{E}.
renforcement des sons aigus{F} * see treble boost .{E}.
rénovation .{F} * see reconditioning .{E}.
repairing .{E} * The partial rehabilitation of a worn item, the
amount of work done being less than the minimum
involved in restoring and more than the maximum involved
in mending.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= restauración; reparación;
subsanación; F= réparation}.
reparación .{Es} -over cue .{E}.
repère de changement de bobine .{F} * see change-over
cue .{E}.
repère de départ .{F} * see start mark .{E}.
repère de positionnement .{F} * see cue .{E}.
repère de positionnement .{F}. top .{E}.
repères de séquences .{F} * see paper marks .{E}.
répertoire .{F} * see directory .{E}.
répertoire chronologique .{F} * see chronological inventory
.{E}.
répertoire numérique détaillé .{F} * see descriptive list .{E}.
Repertorium .{D} * see descriptive list; inventory .{E}.
repetición de pixel .{Es} * see pixel repeat .{E}.
repetidor .{Es} * see transponder .{E}.
repetidor (proceso de reproducción de fotos con vídeo)
.{Es} * see telop .{E}.
repetidor de vídeo de cinta sin fin .{Es} * see isolated
camera .{E}.
répétition de pixel .{F} * see pixel repeat .{E}.
repicado sonido .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.
repiquage .{F} * see dubbing; transfer .{E}.
repiquage .{F}. see dubbing .{E}.
repl-video .{Es} * see film-to-tape transfer .{E}.
replacement cost .{E} * The cost of replacing the damaged
property without a depreciation deduction.55. .{D=
Ersatzkosten; Es= coste de reemplazamiento [de
sustitución]; F= coût de remplacement}.
replicado cine-vídeo .{Es} * see film-to-tape transfer .{E}.
repliement .{F} * see aliasing .{E}.
réponse fréquentielle .{F} * see frequency response .{E}.
reportage télévisuel (JET) .{F} * see electronic news
gathering (ENG) .{E}.
Reportage-Film .{D} * see newsreel .{E}.
reportaje .{Es} * see newsreel .{E}.
représentation .{F} * see artifact; exhibition .{E}.
191
reprise .{F} * see rerelease/reissue; retake .{E}.
reproducción .{Es} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F};
reproduction .{E;F}.
reproducción arquitectónica .{Es} * see architectural
rendering .{E}.
reproducción de una obra de arte .{Es} * see art
reproduction .{E}.
reproducción instantánea .{Es} * see instant replay .{E}.
reproducer .{E} * A small instrument attached to an
acoustical disc or cylinder audio machine for converting
the sound waves on the record into audible materials,
accomplished by means of a stylus linked or attached to a
diaphragm suspended inside the reproducer's casing; the
resulting signal was then amplified by its attached horn;
also known as a speaker; the reproducer on a
gramophone was known as the sound box; see also floatifoa-ting
reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= reproductor; F=
système de reproduction; lecteur; défileur}.
reproducing horn .{E} * A conical device, usually with a bell
or flare, for amplifying sound from the reproducer or
soundbox of an acoustical recording. Such devices were
preceded by hearing tubes, not being generally adopted
for listening to sound recordings until the mid-1890s,
although the Berliner gramophones had small papiermaché
horns from their inception. Reproducing horns were
generally made of brass or sheet metal of a lighter gauge
than for recording horns, rolled or spun into a cone with a
brass, copper, or aluminium flare, and were available in
sizes up to 56-inches in length.(14.) .{D= Wiedergabe-
Trichter; Es= altavoz en forma de trompa (gramófonos); F=
pavillon de reproduction}.
reproducing stylus .{E} * see stylus.
reproduction .{E;F} * An exact copy of a document in
content and form but not necessarily in size and
appearance. 2) The process of playing recorded signals;
also known as playback.(22.06.) .{D= 1) Reproduktion; 2)
Wiedergabe; Es= reproducción}.
reproduction .{F} * see also playback .{D;E;Es;F}.
reproduction de l'oeuvre artistique .{F} * see art
reproduction .{E}.
reproduction instantanée .{F} * see instant replay .{E}.
reproductor .{Es} * see player; reproducer .{E}.
reproductor de cinta (magnetofónica) .{Es} * see tape
player .{E}.
reproductor de vídeo y CD-I .{Es} * see omni-player .{E}.
reproductor flotante .{Es} * see floating reproducer .{E}.
reproductor semiflotante .{Es} * see semi-floating
reproducer .{E}.
Reproduktion .{D} * see reproduction .{E;F}.
reprografía .{Es} * see reprography .{E}.
reprographie .{F} * see reprography .{E}.
Reprographie .{D} * see reprography .{E}.
reprography .{E} * A general term for office copying, etc.,
including the reproduction of printed, typed, or handwritten
material by processes other than printing or photography,
encom-passing virtually all processes for copying or
reproduction using light, heat, or electrical radiation,

including microreproduction.(08.40.22.) .{D=
Reprographie; Es= reprografía; F= reprographie}.
rerecording .{E} * A dubbing or copy of a recording.(04.)
.{D= Rerecording; Übertragung; Überspielung; Es= nuevo
registro; regrabación; transferencia de sonido; F=
réenregistrement (son); réenregistrement; repiquage}.
Rerecording .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.
resalte de una curva .{Es} * see shoulder .{E}.
réseau .{F} * see diffraction grating .{E}.
réseau (radio-télévision) .{F} * see network .{E}.
réseau quadrillé .{F} * see graticule .{E}.
resen .{D} * see read .{E}.
reserva .{Es} * see confidentiality .{E}.
reserva alcalina .{Es} * see alkaline reserve .{E}; buffering
.{E}.
Reserve .{D} * see alkaline reserve .{E}.
réservoir .{F} * see bin .{E}.
résidu de bromures .{F} * see bromide drag .{E}.
residual hypo .{E} * see residual thiosulphate ion.
residual hypo test .{E} * A chemical test for the amount of
hypo remaining on photographic film or paper after
washing. Testing methods include methylene blue and
silver densitometric.01. .{D= ?; Es= prueba de residuos de
tiosulfato; F= ?}.
residual magnetic erase .{E} * see residual erase signal.
residual thiosulphate .{E} * see residual thiosulphate ion.
residual thiosulphate ion .{E} * Ammonium or sodium
thiosulphate (hypo) remaining in photographic film or
paper after washing. Synonymous with residual hypo.(40.)
.{D= ?; Es= iones residuales de tiosulfato; F= ion de
thiosulfate résiduel}.
residuos de bromuro .{Es} * see bromide drag .{E}.
residuos de polvo de cinta magnética .{Es} * see bloom (2)
.{E}.
residuos del desgaste (de la cinta de vídeo) .{Es} * see
wear product .{E}.
resina acrílica .{Es} * see acrylic resin .{E}.
résine acrylique .{F} * see acrylic resin .{E}.
resistance .{E} * 1) The property of a material that impedes
the flow of current. The unit of resistance is the ohm and
is deter-mined by dividing the voltage in a circuit by the
current.10. .{D= Wiederstand; Es= resistencia; F=
résistance}.
résistance .{F} * see resistance .{E}.
résistance (électrique) du revêtement .{F} * see coating
resistance .{E}.
résistance à l'éclatement .{F} * see bursting strength .{E}.
résistance à la déchirure .{F} * see tearing resistance .{E}.
résistance à la rupture .{F} * see impact strength .{E}.
192
résistance au pliage .{F} * see folding endurance .{E}.
résistance chauffante .{F} * see tacking iron .{E}.
resistencia .{Es} * see resistance .{E}; resistor .{E}.
resistencia a la tensión .{Es} * see tensile strength .{E}.
resistencia a la tracción .{Es} * see tensile strength .{E}.
resistencia al desgarro .{Es} * see tearing resistance .{E}.
resistencia al estallido .{Es} * see bursting strength .{E}.
resistencia al impacto .{Es} * see impact strength .{E}.
resistencia al pegado .{Es} * see folding endurance .{E}.
resistencia al peso de una balda .{Es} * see shelf load .{E}.
resistencia del revestimiento .{Es} * see coating resistance
.{E}.
resistor .{E;Es} * A device which impedes the flow of
electric current.10. .{D= Widerstand; Es= resistencia; F=
résistor}.
résistor .{F} * see resistor .{E}.
resolución .{Es} * see resolution (1) .{E}.
resolución de la imagen .{Es} * see image resolution .{E}.
resolución de pixel .{Es} * see pixel depth .{E}.
resolución horizontal .{Es} * see horizontal resolution .{E};
resolution, horizontal .{E}.
resolución vertical .{Es} * see resolution, vertical .{E};
vertical resolution .{E}.
resolution .{E} * 1) In reference to dynamic range, the
average peak-to-peak signal amplitude in magnetic
recording at the maximum flux reversal divided by the
average peak-to-peak signal amplitude at the minimum
flux reversal at the desired recording method.(46.) 2) The
ability of a photographic system to record fine detail.
Sharpness of images is formally measured in lines per mm
(millimetre). Acceptable resolution for microfilming can
range from 90 to 180 lines per mm. A more subjectively
derived expression of resolution is termed definition. To
test for resolution, images are compared with patterns on
a resolution test chart, such as an NBS (National Bureau
of Standards) test chart. Synonymous with sharpness and
resolving power.(01.40.) 3) The ability of a lens to define
visual details. Sometimes used as a synonym for
definition, which is a term that should apply to
photographic film stock rather than lenses.(30.) 4) The
ability of a video camera to define visual details in both the
horizontal and vertical planes. .{D= Auslösung; Es= 1)
resolución; 2) definición (TV); F= résolution; définition}.
resolution, horizontal .{E} * An evaluation of a video signal
bandwidth used to determine the number of vertical black
and white lines that can be distinguished in a dimension
equal to the picture height. .{D= ?; Es= resolución
[definición] horizontal; F= résolution horizontale}.
résolution .{F} * see definition; resolution .{E}.
résolution de l'image .{F} * see image resolution .{E}.
résolution du pixel .{F} * see pixel depth .{E}.
résolution horizontale .{F} * see resolution horizontal .{E}.
Resonanz .{D} * see echo .{D;E}.

esorte motor .{Es} * see mainspring .{E}.
resorte principal .{Es} * see mainspring .{E}.
response .{E} * see frequency response.
response plate linéaire{F} * see flat response .{E}.
respuesta en frecuencia .{Es} * see frequency response
.{E}.
respuesta plana .{Es} * see flat response .{E}.
resserrement de l'image .{F} * see image compression
.{E}.
ressort principal .{F} * see mainspring .{E}.
restauración .{Es} * see archive restoration .{E}.
restauración .{Es} * see mending .{E}; repairing .{E};
restoration .{E}.
restauración de materiales de archivo (normas) .{Es} * see
archive restoration .{E}.
restaurador .{Es} * see conservator .{E}.
restaurador de corriente continua .{Es} * see DC restorer
.{E}.
restauration .{F} * see restoration .{E}.
restauration des archives .{F} * see archive restoration
.{E}.
restricted access .{E} * A limitation on admittance to
facilities or use of materials.22. .{D=
Benutzungsbeschränkung; Sperrung; Archivsperre; Es=
consulta restringida; F= communication restreinte;
restriction de communicabilité}.
resumen .{Es} * see summary .{E}.
resynchronisation .{F} * see jam sync .{E}.
retake .{E} * Refilming of a given target or document.(40.)
.{D= Wiederholung einer Aufnahme; Nachaufnahme; Es=
rodar por segunda vez una escena; rodar de nuevo un
plano; F= reprise; refilmer; tourner à nouveau reprise;
retourner une scène; retourner un plan}.
retard optique par double passage .{F} * see double-pass
optical retardation .{E}.
retardación (de movimiento) .{Es} * see lag .{E}.
retardo .{Es} * see lag .{E}.
retardo óptico de doble paso .{Es} * see double-pass
optical retardation .{E}.
retención de la imagen .{Es} * see image retention .{E}.
retentivity .{E} * Measure of an object's or material's ability
to retain magnetization after the force field has been
removed; equivalent to remanence except expressed in
terms of flux density of flux per unit cross sectional area.
Retentivity serves as an indication of the item's sensitivity
at high frequencies, as well as a figure of merit for coating
dispersions, independent of coating thickness, and is
thereby useful for estimating coating sensitivity at short
wave lengths; also called residual flux; see also
remanence.(04.16.) .{D= ?; Es= persistencia; retintividad;
F= rémanence; retentavité}.
retícula .{Es} * see graticule .{E}.
193
reticulación .{Es} * see reticulation .{E}.
reticulation .{E} * Wrinkling, cracking, or other similar
distortion of the emulsion surface of photographic
materials usually due to significant differences in the
temperature of processing solutions. Reticulation can vary
from a coarse, net-like structure to an almost invisible
pattern which shows up markedly if the image is
subsequently enlarged.(09.05.) .{D= ?; Es= reticulación;
F= réticulation}.
réticulation .{F} * see cross-linking; reticulation .{E}.
réticule .{F} * see graticule .{E}.
retintividad .{Es} * see retentivity .{E}.
retocado .{Es} * see retouching .{E}.
retoque .{Es} * see retouching .{E}.
retorno .{Es} * see retrace .{E}.
retorno de línea .{Es} * see breezeway .{E}.
retorno horizontal .{Es} * see horizontal retrace .{E}.
retouche .{F} * see retouching .{E}.
retouching .{E} * Work carried out on a photograph to alter
the tonal values or blemishes.42. .{D= ?; Es= retoque;
retocado; F= retouche}.
retour du spot .{F} * see retrace .{E}.
retour horizontal .{F} * see horizontal retrace .{E}.
retour ligne .{F} * see breezeway .{E}.
retrace .{E} * During the scanning of a video display,
oscilloscope, or video camera pickup tube, the return path
of the electron beam is referred to as the retrace. In
properly adjusted equipment, the retrace is not viewable
due to it being blanked out. .{D= ?; Es= retorno; línea de
retorno; F= retour du spot}.
retrait rétrécissement .{F} * see shrinkage .{E}.
retraît .{F}. enlèvement .{F}. see disposal .{E}.
retraso .{Es} * see lag .{E}.
retrieval .{E} * The process of selectively recovering stored
data.(06.) .{D= Recherche; Es= búsqueda selectiva;
recuperación documen-readable form.; recuperaction
documental; F= recherche documentaire}.
retrospective conversion (RECON) .{E} ** ?? {D= ?; Es=
conversión retrospectiva; F= conversion rétrospective}.
revelado .{Es} * see developing .{E}; development .{E}.
révélateur .{F} * see developer .{E}.
reverberación .{Es} * see reverberation .{E}.
reverberation .{E} * Repeating echoes of sound, increasing
in density, decreasing in amplitude.39. .{D= Hall; Es=
reverberación; F= réverbération; répercussion}.
réverbération .{F} * see reverberation .{E}.
reversal film .{E} * A film which, after exposure, is processed
to produce a positive image on the same film
rather than a customary negative image.(06.09.22.) .{D=
Umkehrfilm; Es= película de inversión; F= film inversible}.
reversal process .{E} * developing in such a manner that

the material exposed in the camera shows a positive
instead of a negative image. The reversal process is used
extensively in colour photography, and for producing
duplicate negatives.19. .{D= ?; Es= proceso de inversión;
F= pocédé inversible; procédé inverse}.
reverse angle .{E} * A technique used in moving-and stillimage
work in which a subject has first been photographed
from his left side, a reverse-angle shot shoots him from the
right side (and vice-versa).(30.) .{D= Gegeneinstellung;
Gegenschuss; Es= contracampo; F= contre-champ}.
reverse motion .{E} * Moving-image technique in which the
images are shown in backward motion in order to create
the illusion, when pro-jected, that time is running
backwards.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= contramarcha; marcha
inversa; F= marche arrière; motion marche arrière}.
reversibilidad .{Es} * see reversibility .{E}.
réversibilité .{F} * see reversibility .{E}.
reversibility .{E} * Ability to undo a process or treatment
with no change to the object. Reversibility is an important
goal of conservation treatment, but it must be balanced
with other treatment goals and options.17. .{D= ?; Es=
reversibilidad; F= inversibilité}.
revestimento dorsal .{Es} * see back coating .{E}.
revestimiento .{Es} * see cellulose acetate (4) .{E}; coating
.{E}.
revestimiento antihalo .{Es} * see antihalation coating .{E}.
revestimiento para reducir reflejos superficiales .{Es} * see
bloom (1) .{E}.
revêtement anti-halo .{F} * see rem jet .{E}.
revêtement antireflet .{F} * see bloom .{E}.
revêtement dorsal .{F} * see back coating .{E}.
revêtements conducteurs .{F} * see conductive coatings
.{E}.
Revisión por Ordenador .{Es} * see CMX EDITING .{E}.
revista cinematográfica .{Es} * see magazine (2) .{E;Es;F}.
revolutions per minute (RPM; R.P.M.) .{E} * The means of
expressing the turning speed of cylinder and disc
recordings. .{D= Umdrehungen pro Minute; UpM; Es=
revoluciones por minuto; F= tours par minute (t/mn)}.
rewind control .{E} * Button or lever for rapidly rewinding
tape from the take-up reel to the stock reel.16. .{D=
Rückwickeltaste; Es= control de rebobinado (rápido); F=
touche de rembobinage}.
rewinding .{E} * The process of placing film or tape
materials on a spool or reel so that it is properly arranged
for playback.(06.) .{D= Wiederaufrollen; Rückspulen; Es=
rebobinado; F= réembobinage; rebobinage}.
RF .{D;E} * acronym for radio frequency.
RGB .{D;E} * acronym for red-green-blue.
RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E} * An RGB encoding technique used in
CD-I in which colours are each represented by 5 bits.39.
.{F= RVB; Es= RGB 555 (técnica de codificación para CD-
I}.
RGB 555 (técnica de codificación para CD-I .{Es} * see
RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E}.
194
RIAA .{D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Recording Industry
Association of America, Inc.
RIAA curve .{D;E;Es;F} * A widely used standard
phonograph disc record/playback equalization curve set by
the RIaa.(04.)
ride .{E} * 1) To control the gain or level of the input of a
device or component such as an audio control console. 2)
An ad-libbed musical selection.10. .{D= ?; Es= ajuste del
control de entrada; F= contrôle du gain d'entrée}.
riesgo .{Es} * see hazard .{E;F}.
rigidez .{Es} * see stiffness .{E}.
rill .{E} * The groove on a disc recording linking the end of
one cut (band or selection) with the beginning of the next;
see also cut.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= intersurco (empalme entre
cortes de un disco); F= interplage}.
Rille .{D} * see groove .{E}.
Rillensteigung .{D} * see groove pitch .{E}.
Rillenvorschub .{D} * see groove pitch .{E}.
rim .{D;E} * 1) On a disc recording, the area between the
edge and the playing area, which can be sloped, concave,
convex, flat, raised, lowered, etc. 2) On a cylinder
recording, the starting rim is the same as on a disc. The
run-off rim is the area following the playing area.04. .{D=
Rand; Es= margen; saliente; orilla (pre-surcos); F= plage
de pré-sillon}.
rinçage .{F} * see washing .{E}.
rinçage à contre-courant .{F} * see countercurrent wash
.{E}.
rinçage de la pellicule d'archivage .{F} * see archival wash
.{E}.
Risiko .{D} * see hazard .{E;F}.
Riss .{D} * see crack/cracking .{E}.
ritmo .{Es} * see sampling rate .{E}.
rizado .{Es} * see fluting .{E}.
rizado del borde .{Es} * see edge fluting .{E}.
RLG .{E} * acronym for Research Libraries Group, Inc.
RLIN .{E} * acronym for Research Libraries Information
Network.
RMS .{E} * acronym for root-mean-square.
robótica .{Es} * see robotics .{E}.
robotics .{E} * The use of robots in the automation of a
given operation. .{D= ?; Es= robótica; F= robotique}.
robotique .{F} * see robotics .{E}.
roce de aguja .{Es} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.
roce de la punta (sobre la superficie del disco fonográfico)
.{Es} * see stylus drag .{E}.
rodaje en exteriores .{Es} * see location .{E}.
rodaje imagen por imagen (fotograma a fotograma) .{Es}
* see stop-motion photography .{E}.
rodaje imágen por imágen .{Es} * see stop-motion

photography .{E}.
rodar de nuevo un plano .{Es} * see retake .{E}.
rodar por segunda vez una escena .{Es} * see retake .{E}.
rodillo .{Es} * see brayer .{E}.
rodillo prensador .{Es} * see pressure roller .{E}.
rognure .{F} * see chip .{E}.
Rohmaterial .{D} * see raw stock .{E}.
Röhre .{D} * see vacuum tube .{E}.
Rohschnitt .{D} * see rough cut .{E}.
rojo-verde-azul .{Es} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.
rôle de composisition .{F} * see character .{E}.
rôle secondaire .{F} * see bit .{E}.
roll .{E} * 1) A reel wound with a standard length of film or
tape.46.(22.) 2) The act placing the film or tape on the reel.
3) The movement of the camera which occurs when it is
rotated around the axis which runs longitudinally from the
lens to the subject; see also tilt, pan.30. .{D= 1) Rolle; Es=
1) rollo; bobina; 2) enrollar, 3) movimiento de cámara; F=
1) bobine 2) enrouler; embobiner 3) mouvement de
caméra}.
roll microfilm .{E} * Microfilm that is or can be put on a reel,
spool, or core.40. .{D= ?; Es= microfilme en rollo; F=
rouleau de microfilm}.
roll-off .{F} * see high frequency roll-off .{E}.
Rolle .{D} * see reel .{E}; roll .{E}.
Rollgestellanlage .{D} * see compact shelving .{E}.
rollo .{Es} * see reel (2) .{E}; reel flange .{E}; roll (1) .{E}.
rollo de cinta .{Es} * see tape pack .{E}.
rollo de papel de un piano mecánico .{Es} * see piano roll
.{E}.
rollo de pellizco .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.
rollo de sincronización .{Es} * see sync roll .{E}.
rollo estándar .{Es} * see standard roll .{E}.
rollos de intertítulo .{Es} * see intertitle rolls/title bands .{E}.
rollos de producción .{Es} * see production rolls .{E}.
ROM .{E} * acronym for read-only-memory.
romanización .{Es} * see Romanization .{E}.
Romanization .{E} * The conversion to Roman-alphabet
form of textual data not written in the Roman alphabet.(12.)
.{D= ?; Es= romanización; F= conversion en caractères
Romains; caractère Romain}.
ronflement (sur une image) .{F} * see hum bars .{E}.
ronflette .{F} * see hum; rumble .{E}.
ronronnement .{F} * see hum; rumble .{E}.
room noise, room sound .{E} * In an audio recording, the
particular quality that sound has in a certain location. Often
recorded separately and added later.(30.) Also referred to
195
as background (BG) or natural sound. .{D= Raumakustik;
Es= sonido [ruido] ambiente; F= bruit (de fond)
d'ambiance; bruit de salle; bruit de chambre}.
room sound .{E} * see room noise.
Rostfleck .{D} * see corrosion stain .{E}.
rot-grün-blau .{D} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.
rotación (rápido) .{Es} * see slewing .{E}.
rotary camera .{E} * A type of microfilm camera that
photographs documents while they are being moved by
some form of transport mechanism. The document
transport mechanism is connected to a film-transport
mechanism, and the film also moves during exposure so
there is no difference in the rate of relative movement
between the film and the image of the document. Both
sides of the document can be filmed; see also planetary
camera; step-and-repeat camera.40.(22.) .{D=
Durchlaufkamera; Es= cámera rotatoria; F= caméra
cinétique}.
rotary head digital audio tape (R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E;Es;F}
* An audio recording utilizing digital magnetic tape. The
3.81-mm wide high-coercivity metal particle or barium
ferrite metal particle (Mp) cassette housed tape is pulled
across a rotary head for the recording of helical-scan
tracks. Originally expected to replace compact cassettes
in the consumer market, it has acquired a remarkable
acceptance in (semi-) professional applications.
rotary head digital audio tape recorder (R-DAT or DAT)
.{D;E} * A machine to make R-DAT tape recordings; see
also rotary head digital audio tape. .{F= magnétophone
numérique à tête tournante (R-DAT ou DAT); Es=
magnetófono digital de cabeza rotacional [rotatoria]}.
rotatoria .{Es} * see rotary head digital audio tape recorder
(R-DAT or DAT) .{D;E}.
rotulación .{Es} * see label .{E}.
rouge-vert-bleu .{F} * see red-green-blue (RGB) .{E}.
rough cut .{E} * 1) A preliminary trial stage in the process
of editing a moving-image production in which shots,
scenes, and sequences are laid out in approximate
relationship, without detailed attention to the individual
cutting points.(09.) 2) The first assembly of a movingimage
production which the editor prepares from the
selected takes, joining them in the order planned in the
script, but leaving finer points of timing and editing to a
later stage.(30.) .{D= Rohschnitt; Es= montaje previo;
primer montaje; F= bout-à-bout}.
rouille .{F} * see corrosion stain .{E}.
rouleau .{F} * see spool .{E}.
rouleau de microfilm .{F} * see roll microfilm .{E}.
rouleau de piano mécanique .{F} * see organ roll; piano roll
.{E}.
roulette .{F} * see brayer .{E}.
Round Table on Audiovisual Media .{E} * see International
Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.
Round Table on Audiovisual Records .{E} * A voluntary
group set up in 1982 by IFLA and ICA which brings
together a number of UNESCO non-governmental
organizations, all international and all dealing with the
collection and use of audiovisual materials. Member
organizations are FIAF, FIAT, IASA, ICA, IFLA, and
UNESCO. Key areas of activity have included all aspects

of training, copyright, and related issues, and access to
materials. A sub-committee of the Round Table is the
Technical Coordinating Committee which advises the
Round Table on technical issues and holds a Joint
Technical Symposium every two or three years which
attracts technical experts worldwide, the purpose of which
is to discuss and develop ways of improving the
preservation prospects of audiovisual materials. .{D= ?;
Es= tabla redonda de grabaciones audiovisuales; F= table
ronde sur les enregistrements audiovisuels}.
routing switcher .{E} * An electronically controlled matrix
that allows one of a number of inputs to be connected to
one or many outputs; an electronic version of a patch
panel, but more flexible and without mechanical contacts.
.{D= ?; Es= conmutador de distribución; interruptor;
conmutador-mezclador; F= matrice de commutation}.
row .{E} * Two or more bays of shelving connected end to
end along the same axis; also called a run.22. .{D= Reihe;
Es= fila de estanterías; estantería; F= travée en épi simple
face; epi simple face}.
Royal Purple Amberol Records .{D;E;Es;F} * A special
series of seventy-seven (77) Blue Amberol cylinders
issued by the Edison Co. in 1913 and from 1917 to
1921.(14.)
rozadura .{Es} * see rub .{E}; rubbing see rub .{E}.
RPM .{E} * acronym for revolutions per minute.
RR .{E} * acronym for re-recording.
rs 232; rs 422 .{D;E;Es;F} * Standard serial data
communications protocols for transmitting data between
computers; generally limited to speeds of 56 kilobits per
second.
RTOS .{E} * acronym for real-time operating system.
rub .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound
recordings which refers to a visible mark on the surface of
the recording (usually caused by another item or material
having come in contact with the surface) which may not
actually cause any distortion in playback. It is used
interchangeably with scuff.04. .{D= ?; Es= rozadura; F=
défaut d'aspect provoqué par des frottements; défacer par
frottement}.
ruban adhésif .{F} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape .{E}.
ruban de guidage .{F} * see leader tape .{E}.
ruban de montage .{F} * see splicing tape .{E}.
ruban double face .{F} * see double-coated tape .{E}.
rubbing .{E} * see rub.
Rückhalte-Bandzug .{D} * see holdback tension .{E}.
Rückkopplung .{D} * see feedback .{E}.
Rückseitenbeschichtung .{D} * see back coating .{E}.
Rückseitenmattierung .{D} * see back coating .{E}.
Rückspulen .{D} * see rewinding .{E}.
Rückwickeltaste .{D} * see rewind control .{E}.
rueda de pellizco .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.
rueda de presión .{Es} * see pinch roller .{E}.
rugosa .{Es} * see coarse groove .{E}.
196
rugosité .{F} * see bump .{E}.
ruido .{Es} * see noise .{E}.
ruido aleatorio .{Es} * see random noise .{E}.
ruido ambiente .{Es} * see ambient noise .{E}; room noise
.{E}.
ruido áspero .{Es} * see buzz .{E}.
ruido blanco .{Es} * see white noise .{E}.
ruido de arrastre .{Es} * see scrape .{E}.
ruido de baja frecuencia producido durante la
reproducción y debida a alguna irregularidad en la pista
sonora de la película .{Es} * see bump .{E}.
ruido de fondo .{Es} * see noise floor .{E}.
ruido de superficie (aguja tocadiscos) .{Es} * see surface
noise .{E}.
ruido del sistema .{Es} * see system noise .{E}.
ruido estático .{Es} * see quiescent noise .{E}.
ruido ponderado .{Es} * see weighted noise .{E}.
ruido producido por asperezas .{Es} * see asperity noise
.{E}.
ruido seco .{Es} * see click .{E;Es}.
ruido sordo (y prolongado) .{Es} * see rumble .{E}.
ruidos transitorios .{Es} * see transient sounds .{E}.
rumble .{E} * A disagreeable noise of very low pitch or
frequency, peculiar to the turntable and associated drive
mechanisms of disc recording and player systems. Rare to
non-existent in tape systems unless present in prerecorded
tapes and reproduced by the tape recorder.16.
Low frequency noise generally caused by the playback or
recording equipment (i.e., a turntable or tape transport).
Rumble sometimes can be heard from the audio recording
itself, having been induced during the recording or cutting
stages.(04.) .{D= Rumpeln; Es= ruido sordo (y
prolongado); F= ronronnement; ronflette; bruire}.
Rumpeln .{D} * see rumble .{E}.
run .{E} * see row.
run-in/run-out grooves .{E} * see lead-in/lead-out.
run-up .{E} * see cue marks.
run-up marks .{E} * see cue marks.
Rundfunksendung .{D} * see broadcast .{E;F}.
runoff rim .{E} * see rim.
Runzeln .{D} * see cockle/cockling .{E}.
rushes .{E;F} * prints of takes of a moving-image
production which are made immediately after a day's
shooting so that they can be viewed before the next day's
shooting; see also answer print; dailies.30. .{D=
Bildmuster; Es= produccíon del día; copión; F= rushes;
productions journalières; épreuves; bouts}.
rushes .{F} * see dailies (rushes) .{E}.
RVB .{F} * see RGB 5:5:5 .{D;E}.
s ---

s channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present assigned to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal s; F= canal s}.
S-VHS .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for super-vhs. .{D= ?}.
saccade d'images .{F} * see stroboscope .{E}.
sacudidas (de la imagen) .{Es} * see jitter .{D;E}.
saddle warp .{E} * A description of warpage of double
sided vinyl discs which may occur if the paper grain of the
labels on each side do not run in the same direction when
affixed to the vinyl since the natural curl of the paper may
put unequal stress on the record's centre surface.(04.)
.{D= ?; Es= alabeo en forma de silla de montar (discos
fonográficos); F= double déformation}.
safelight .{E} * An enclosed darkroom lamp fitted with a
filter to screen out light rays to which film is sensitive.09.
.{D= ?; Es= luz de seguridad; F= lumière inactinique;
lampe de sûreté}.
safety film .{E} * A slow-burning film as defined by ANSI
PH1.25, PH22.31. The term is used interchangeably with
acetate base film and polyester base film.(09.40.) .{D=
Sicherheitsfilm; Es= película de seguridad (película
ininflamable); F= film faiblement inflammable; film
inflammable}.
safety master .{E} * A duplicate of a master, generally
created and maintained as a protection against the
damage or loss of the master; also known as protection
copy; see also security copy.(04.) .{D= Sicherheitskopie;
Es= copia matriz de seguridad; F= master de sécurité}.
sala limpia .{Es} * see clean room .{E}.
salida .{Es} * see output .{E}; outtake .{E}.
salida de ordenador para microfilme o microforma .{Es} *
see computer output microfilm/microform (COM) .{E}.
salissure .{F} * see buildup .{E}.
salle blanche .{F} * see clean room .{E}.
Salmiak .{D} * see ammonium chloride .{E}.
salto de imagen .{Es} * see jump cut .{E}.
sample-and-hold circuit (SH) .{E} * A circuit which captures
and holds an analogue signal for a finite period of time.
The input s/h proceeds the a/d converter, allowing time for
conversion. The output s/h follows the d/a converter,
smoothing glitches and compensating for aperture error;
see also aperture circuit.(39.) .{D= Sample-and-hold-
Schaltung; Es= circuito de muestreo y retención; F= circuit
échantillonneur-bloqueur; prise d'enchantillions}.
Sample-and-hold-Schaltung .{D} * see sample-and-hold
circuit (SH) .{E}.
sampling .{E} * In digital data, the process of repre-senting
the amplitude of a signal at a particular point in time; see
also sampling rate.(39.) .{D= Abtasten; Sampling; Es=
muestreo; conmutación; F= échantillonnage}.
sampling frequency .{E} * see sampling rate.
sampling rate .{E} * The rate or frequency at which an
analogue signal is analyzed during the D/A conversion;
generally expressed in Hertz; see also sampling; sampling
theorem (Nyquist).(04.39.) .{D= Abtastrate;
Abtastfrequenz; Es= frecuencia [ritmo, régimen] de
muestreo; F= taux d'échantillonnage; fréquence
d'échantillonnage}.
197
sampling theorem (Nyquist) .{E} * A theorem stating that a
band limited continuous wave form may be represented by
a series of discrete samples if the sampling frequency is at
least twice the highest fre-quency contained in the
waveform.39. .{D= Abtasttheorem; Es= teorema del
muestreo (de Nyquist); F= théorème d'échantillonnage}.
Sampling .{D} * see sampling .{E}.
sans relief .{F} * see flat image .{E}.
SAR .{E} * acronym for successive approxi-mation
register.39.
Saticon .{E;F} ** A photoconductive tube which has been
largely replaced by charge-coupled devices (CCD). .{D= ?;
Es= Saticón}.
Saticón .{Es} * see Saticon .{E}.
satinado en un ferrotipo .{Es} * see ferrotyping .{E}.
Sättigung .{D} * see saturation .{E;F}.
saturación .{Es} * see saturation .{E;F}.
saturation .{E;F} * 1) The condition reached in magnetic
tape recording where output does not increase with
increased input; additional input beyond saturation causes
distortion. Useful for defining reference output levels, since
it is independent of bias current.(04.16.) 2) The intensity of
the colour in a video picture as expressed in the ratio of
luminance to chrominance information.(35.) .{D=
Sättigung; Es= saturación}.
saturation .{F} * see also SC/H .{E}.
saturation (acoustique) .{F} * see clipping .{E}.
saturation de l'image vidéo .{F} * see bloom .{E}.
Säure .{D} * see acidity .{E}.
Säuregehalt .{D} * see acidity .{E}.
Säurewanderung .{D} * see acid migration .{E}.
saut de montage .{F} * see
scanning beam .{E} * 1) In television, the regular
movement of a spot of light or electron beam producing
the raster in a television sys-tem. 2) In motion picture
projection, a narrow slit of parallel rays of light that scans
the optical soundtrack. .{D= Abtaststrahl; 2) ?; Es= haz
explorador [de exploración]; F= faisceau analyseur; spot
d'analyse; balayer l'image à transmettre}.
scanning electron microscope .{E} * An instrument used to
examine very small objects, such as record grooves.(04.)
.{D= ?; Es= microscopio electrónico de barrido; F=
microscope électronique à balayage}.
scéance d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording session .{E}.
scénario adaptation .{F} * see treatment .{E}.
scénario-maquette .{F} * see story board .{E}.
scénariste .{F} * see screenwriter .{E}.
scene .{E} * The 'paragraph' of a moving-image
production; a series of shots (or a single shot) which take
place in a single location and deal with a single action; see
also shot, sequence. (30.) .{D= Szene; Es= escena; F=
scène}.
scène .{F} * see scene .{E}.

scènes en parallèle .{F} * see parallel action .{E}.
Schachtel .{D} * see box .{E}.
Schaden .{D} * see defect .{E}.
Schaden durch Schichtverklebung .{D} * see blocking .{E}.
Schädling .{D} * see vermin .{E}.
Schädlingsbekämpfung .{D} * see disinfest .{E}.
Schall .{D} * see sound .{E}.
Schallarchiv .{D} * see audio archives .{E}.
Schallaufnahme .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.
Schallaufnahmegerät .{D} * see sound recorder .{E}.
Schallblech .{D} * see diaphragm .{E}.
Schallgeschwindigkeit .{D} * see speed of sound .{E};
sound speed .{E}.
Schallplatte .{D} * see audio disc .{E}; disc .{E}; record .{E}.
Schaltuhr .{D} * see circuit .{E;F}.
scharf einstellen .{D} * see focus .{E}.
Schärfe .{D} * see sharpness .{E}.
Scheinwerfertor .{D} * see barn doors .{E}.
Schicht .{D} * see emulsion .{D;E}.
Schichtablösung .{D} * see peeling .{E}.
Schichtabrieb .{D} * see oxide shedding .{E}.
Schichtdicke .{D} * see coating thickness .{E}.
Schichtseite .{D} * see emulsion side .{E}.
Schichtträger .{D} * see base .{E;Es}.
Schichtweiderstand .{D} * see coating resistance .{E}.
Schiebeblende .{D} * see wipe
Schleier .{D} * see fog .{E}.
Schleife .{D} * see loop .{E}.
Schlupf .{D} * see creep .{E}.
Schneidetisch .{D} * see editing table .{E}.
Schneidkennlinien-Entzerrung .{D} * see characteristic
curve .{E}.
Schneidstichel .{D} * see stylus .{E}.
schneller Vorlauf .{D} * see fast forward .{E}.
schneller Wickel .{D} * see fast wind .{E}.
Schnitt .{D} * see cut; editing .{E}.
Schnittkopie .{D} * see fine cut .{E}.
Schnittmeister .{D} * see editor .{E}.
Schnittreste .{D} * see trims .{E}.
Schrägspuraufzeichnung .{D} * see helical scan .{D;E}.
198
Schramme .{D} * see scratch .{E}.
Schrammen .{D} * see abrasions .{E}.
schreiben .{D} * see write .{E}.
Schriftgut .{D} * see record .{E}.
Schriftstück .{D} * see document .{E}; item .{E}.
Schrittschaltkamera .{D} * see planetary camera .{E}.
Schrumpfung .{D} * see shrinkage .{E}.
Schutzhülle .{D} * see dust jacket .{E}; sleeve .{E}.
Schutzschicht .{D} * see protective layer .{E}.
Schwärzung .{D} * see density .{E}.
Schwenk .{D} * see pan .{E}.
Schwingung .{D} * see cycle .{E;F}.
scintillement .{F} * see flicker; flickering; flutter .{E}.
scoop .{E} * A floodlight employed to illuminate large areas
at close range. .{D= ?; Es= reflector cóncavo; F= bol;
lampe flood}.
scope .{E} * Abbreviation of Cinemascope, and, by
extension, all anamorphic film processes.30. 2) A term
used in electronics and other technical fields which refers
to an oscilloscope. 3) The action of measuring electronic
signals with an oscilloscope. .{D= ?; Es= 1) abreviatura de
Cinemascope; 2) coloquialmente, osciloscopio; F= ?}.
scrape .{E} * Commonly used defect term for sound
recordings to describe a visible marring of the surface that
appears to be deeper or more serious than a scuff or rub
and which may cause some degree of sonic distortion.(04.)
.{D= ?; Es= rasguño; arañazo; ruido de arrastre; F=
éraflure; gratter; grincement}.
scratch track .{E} * In video production, a rough (low
quality) audio recording is laid down as a timing reference
to insure the proper sequence of video edits. This rough
track is referred to as a scratch track. It is a guide and is
intended to be replaced. .{D= ?; Es= pista de
sincronización; pista de mezclas; F= piste de
synchronisation}.
screen .{E} * 1) A surface upon which an image is
projected, such as a motion-picture screen. 2) To show or
project an image upon a screen. .{D= Leinwand; Es=
pantalla; F= écran; trame; grille (visionner)}.
screen brightness .{E} * Measure of light reflected from a
screen when a motion picture film projector is directed on
to it with the motor running but no motion picture film in the
gate. It thus takes into account the brightness of the light
sources, light losses in lens system and shutter, and
screen reflectance. .{D= ?; Es= brillo [iluminancia] de
pantalla; F= brillance de l'écran; clarté d'écran}.
screening .{E} * An event where a motion-picture image is
projected upon a screen. .{D= Laufzeit eines Films; Es=
proyección de una película (en pantalla grande); F=
visionnage; mettre à l'écran; passage d'un film}.
screenplay .{E} * An ambiguous term, generally referring
to a scenario or script written in a form suitable for a
moving-image production; may be quite detailed or it may
be a simple outline; see also treatment.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
adaptación cinematográfica de una novela o guión; F=
script; mettre une pièce à l'écran}.
screenwriter .{E} * The writer of an original script or the

adapter of a pre-existing work for the purposes of creating
a moving-image production.(12.) .{D= Drehbuchautor; Es=
guionista; F= écrivain de l'écran; scénariste}.
scrim .{E} * 1) In photographic or moving-image parlance,
an opaque plate placed in front of a light in order to cast a
particular shadow, usually to create the illusion of natural
light. Synonymous with mull; see also gobo; diffuser.(30.)
2) A light diffusion material placed in front of a lighting
fixture in video production to soften or diminish the
intensity of light projected. 3) The action of placing scrim
material in a light fixture. .{D= ?; Es= gasa difusora;
pantalla translúcida difusora; F= diffuseur; canevas léger;
écran diffuseur}.
scrim frame .{E} * A metal frame used to hold scrim in front
of a lighting fixture in video production to soften or diminish
the intensity of light projected. .{D= ?; Es= bastidor en el
que se monta la gasa [pantalla] difusora; F= support de
filtre diffuseur}.
script .{F} * see screenplay .{E}.
seal pot .{E} * Tank containing agents that can neutralize
DEZ; used to remove DEZ vapours from effluent vapours
before releasing them to the atmosphere.(07.) .{D= ?; Es=
recipiente estanco; F= ?}.
secado en cámara de vacío .{Es} * see vacuum drying
.{E}.
SECAM .{D;E;Es;F} * abbreviation for Séquential Couleur
à Mémoire.
SECAM television standard .{D;E;Es;F} * The 625 line, 50
fields, 25 frames per second colour television standard
developed in France which utilizes a single-frequency
modulated subcarrier for transmission of the chrominance
channel; used in France, Eastern Europe, U.S.S.R., most
of French-speaking African, and most Arabian countries;
see also NTSC; PAL.(10.06.)
SECAM video format .{E} * see SECAM television
standard.
sección .{Es} * see archive group .{E}.
sección principal de la descripción bibliográfica .{Es} * see
area .{E}.
seccionador óptico .{Es} * see opto-isolator .{E}.
secciones de filme .{Es} * see clips .{E}.
séchage a froid .{F} * see freeze drying .{E}.
séchage par jet d'air .{F} * see air drying .{E}.
séchage par le vide .{F} * see vacuum drying .{E}.
second generation microfilm .{E} * A microfilm copy made
from the camera film.33 Synonymous with first
reproduction microfilm. .{D= ?; Es= microfilme de segunda
generación; F= microfilm de seconde génération}.
second harmonic carrier .{E} * The RMS carrier level in
dBm in a specified bandwidth centered at 2x the carrier
frequency.46. .{D= ?; Es= portador de segunda armónica;
F= porteuse de l'harmonique deux}.
second original .{E} * When original photographic prints or
negatives are duplicated by any photographic technique,
the duplicate is often called a 'second original' by
conservators, curators, etc.(05.) .{D= ?; Es= segundo
original; original secundario; F= deuxième
secretaria, adjunta del realizador .{Es} * see script girl
.{D;E;F}.
199
secretario de rodaje .{Es} * see script girl .{D;E;F}.
secteur .{F} * see sector; cut .{E}.
sector .{E;Es} * 1) The smallest addressable part of the
recorded area on a CD-ROM that can be accessed
independently of other addressable parts of the recorded
area.20. 2) A 2352--byte block or frame of a CD-OM,
complete with synchroni-zation and header field.(39.) .{D=
Sektor; F= secteur}.
secuencia .{Es} * see sequence .{E}.
secuencial .{Es} * see serial (1) .{E;F}.
security copy .{E} * A copy of a document made in order to
preserve the information it contains in case the original is
lost or damaged; see also safety master.(22.23.) .{D=
Sicherungskopie; Es= copia de seguridad; F= copie de
sécurité}.
security microfilming .{E} * The use of microfilm to provide
a security copy of still-image, printed and/or written textual,
and similar documents.(22.23.) .{D= Sicherungsverfilmung;
Es= microfilmación de seguridad; F=
microfilmage de sécurité}.
segment .{E;F} * 1) A constituent part of an audio or
moving-image work. 2) In a newsreel, news film, or
magazine format broadcast, one of the separate stories of
a given issue or broadcast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= segmento}.
segmented scan .{E} * A classification of videotape
recording in which each head scans a portion (segment) of
the TV field. An example is 2" quadruplex in which four
video head on a drum scanned each TV field; see also
alpha .{E}. .{D= ?; Es= exploración por segmentos; F=
balayage segmenté; fragmenté}.
segmento .{Es} * see segment .{E;F}.
segregación .{Es} * see separation .{E}.
seguidor catódico .{Es} * see cathode follower .{E}.
seguimiento .{Es} * see tracing .{E}.
seguimiento (de pista) .{Es} * see tracking (2) .{D;E}.
seguimiento automático .{Es} * see auto tracking .{E}.
seguimiento de pista lineal .{Es} * see straight line tracking
.{E}.
segundo original .{Es} * see second original .{E}.
Seitenschrift .{D} * see lateral cut .{E}.
Seitenschrift-Aufnahme .{D} * see lateral recording .{E}.
Sektor .{D} * see sector .{E}.
Selbstentmagnetisierung .{D} * see self erasure .{E}.
Selbstentmagnetisierung .{D} * see self-demagnetization
.{E}.
Selbstklebeband .{D} * see pressure-sensitive label/tape
.{E}.
Selbstschnittfolie .{D} * see lacquer disc .{E}.
Selbstschnittfolte .{D} * see instantaneous disc .{E}.
selección de bandas .{Es} * see cut (7) .{E}.
Selectavision .{D;E;Es;F} * A holographic film process
introduced by RCA and intended for the consumer market.

selection .{E} * see cut.
sélection d'évènements sonores ou d'images vidéo
indésirables .{F} * see spotting .{E}.
sélection de programme .{F} * see set .{E}.
selective erasure .{E} * A curative measure for magnetic
tape recorded at too high a level, or which has been
exposed to high temperatures or AC fields; in particular,
just prior to rerecording. Best accomplished by using a coil
through which the tape is passed at recording speeds with
reduced erase current from a recorder. Printthrough can
be accelerated by this process, however; for this and other
reasons the process is justified only in unusual cases and
when the information will be lost or useless without the
procedure.(04.) .{D= selektive Löschung; Es= borrado
selectivo; F= effacement sélectif}.
selektive Löschung .{D} * see selective erasure .{E}.
self erasure .{E} * The process by which a piece of
magnetized material tends to demagnetize itself by virtue
of the opposing fields created within it by its own
magnetization. This effect becom-demagnetization .{E} *
The process by which a magnetized sample of magnetic
material tends to demagnetize itself because of the
opposing fields created within it by its own magnetization;
also known as self erasure. This effect becomes
increasingly stronger at short wave lengths (high
frequencies). It can be avoided by refraining from the use
of excessive equalization boost at high frequen-cies, by
avoiding extremes of temperature when storing tapes, and
by using high quality tapes.(04.46.) .{D=
Selbstentmagnetisierung; Es= ?; F= ?}.
sellado con acetato de celulosa empleando calor .{Es} *
see cellulose acetate (2) .{E}.
sellado herméticamente .{Es} * see hermetically sealed
.{E}.
seme .{E} * see semiology.
semi-floating reproducer .{E} * A reproducer which was
held in a carrier arm or suspended by the output tube; see
also floating reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= reproductor
semiflotante; F= appareil de reproduction semi-flottant}.
sencillo .{Es} * see single .{E}.
Sendedatum .{D} * see broadcast date .{E}.
senden .{D} * see broadcast .{E;F}.
Sender .{D} * see broadcast station .{E}.
Sendestation .{D} * see broadcast station .{E}.
sensibilidad .{Es} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity .{E}.
sensibilidad (emulsión) .{Es} * see emulsion speed .{E}.
sensibilidad crómatica .{Es} * see colour sensitivity .{E}.
sensibilidad espectral .{Es} * see spectral sensitivity .{E}.
sensibiliser .{F} * see sensitize .{E}.
sensibilité .{F} * see emulsion speed; sensitivity .{E}.
sensibilité chromatique .{F} * see colour sensitivity .{E}.
sensibilité du film .{F} * see film speed .{E}.
sensibilité spectrale .{F} * see spectral sensitivity .{E}.
sensibilizado .{Es} * see sensitized paper .{E}.
200
sensibilizar .{Es} * see sensitize .{E}.
sensible .{F} * see fast .{E}.
sensible à la lumière .{F} * see photosensitive .{E}.
sensing mark .{E} * In reprography, a mark on film or paper
which activates a-ensitive chemicals for photographic
purposes; see also sensitized paper.19. .{D= ?; Es= papel
(emulsionado) sensible a la luz; F= papier sensible}.
sensitivity .{E} * 1) Regarding the capabilities of magnetic
tape, the relative output for a given input in the linear (low
distor-tion) portion of a tape's magnetic transfer
characteristics. 2) Sensitivity data plotted as function of
frequency (or wave length) gives frequency response,
usually relative to a standard reference tape.(16.) 3) For
photographic materials, the ability of an emulsion to form
a latent image when exposed to light.09. .{D=
Empfindlichkeit; Es= sensibilidad; F= efficacité; sensibilité}.
sensitize .{E} * To coat or treat a material such as film,
paper, or tape so as to make it sensitive to radiant
energy.01. .{D= ?; Es= sensibilizar; activar; F=
sensibiliser}.
sensitized paper .{E} * Paper used in documentary
reproduction which is coated with an emulsion sensitive to
light or heat as used in a thermographic process.19. .{D=
?; Es= papel emulsionado [sensibilizado]; F= papier
sensibilisé}.
sensitomètre .{F} * see sensitometer .{E}.
sensitometría .{Es} * see sensitometry .{E}.
sensitometric curve .{E} * see characteristic curve.
Sensitometrie .{D} * see sensitometry .{E}.
sensitométrie .{F} * see sensitometry .{E}.
sensitómetro .{Es} * see sensitometer .{E}.
sensitometry .{E} * The study of the response of photographic
emulsions to light.09. .{D= Sensitometrie; Es=
sensitometría; F= sensitométrie}.
sensor de fin de cinta .{Es} * see end-of-tape
marker/sensor .{E}.
señal .{Es} * see cue marks .{E}.
señal acústica .{Es} * see slate tone .{E}.
señal adulterada producida artificialmente .{Es} * see
artifact (1, 2, 3) .{E}.
señal C .{Es} * see C signal .{E}.
señal de crominancia .{Es} * see chrominance signal .{E}.
señal de cuadrícula .{Es} * see grating signal .{E}.
señal de entrada .{Es} * see input signal .{E}.
señal de fin .{Es} * see mark-out .{E}.
señal de fin de cinta .{Es} * see end-of-tape marker/sensor
.{E}.
señal de inicio .{Es} * see mark-in .{E}.
señal de prueba .{Es} * see test signal .{E}.
señal de sincronización (TV) .{Es} * see burst .{E}.
señal de sonido .{Es} * see audio .{E}.

señal de vídeo .{Es} * see back porch .{E}.
señal diferencial de color .{Es} * see colour difference
signal .{E}.
señal digital .{Es} * see digital signal .{E}.
señal I .{Es} * see I signal .{E}.
señal Y/C (NTSC) .{Es} * see Y signal .{E}.
señales de sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization
signals .{E}.
separación .{Es} * see gap .{E}; partition .{E}; pitch (1) .{E};
separation .{E}.
separación (CD) .{Es} * see pitch (1) .{E}.
separación de canales .{Es} * see channel separation .{E}.
separación de negativos .{Es} * see separation negative
.{E}.
separación en escamas .{Es} * see flaking .{E}.
separación entre cabeza y cinta .{Es} * see tape-to-head
separation .{E}.
separador de Haces (luminosos) .{Es} * see PBS .{E}.
separador de haz .{Es} * see beam splitter .{E}.
separador del haz de polarización .{Es} * see polarization
beam splitter (PBS) .{E}.
separar cortando .{Es} * see cut-away .{E}.
separation .{E} * The degree to which two stereo signals
are kept apart. Stereo realism is dependent on the
successful prevention of their mixture before reaching the
output terminals of the power amplifier. Tape systems
have separation capability inherently far superior to that of
disc systems.16. .{D= Kanaltrennung; Es= separación;
segregación; división; partición; F= séparation; extraction;
tirage par extraction}.
separation loss .{E} * The loss in output that occurs when
the surface of the coating of a magnetic tape fails to make
perfect contact with the surface of either the record or
reproduce head.46. .{D= Abstandsdämpfung; Es= pérdida
(de señal) por separación entre la cabeza y la cinta (en
registros magnéticos); F= perte (de niveau) par
écartement}.
séparation .{F} * see separation .{E}.
séparation des voies .{F} * see channel separation .{E}.
Separationsverfarben .{D} * see separation negative .{E}.
sequence .{E} * The 'chapter' of moving-image
productions, usually comprised of one or more scenes and
forms a natural unit; see also shot, scene.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
secuencia; F= séquence de film}.
sequence shot .{E} * A long and usually complicated shot
often including complex camera movements and action;
also called plan-sequence.30. .{D= ?; Es= plano
secuencia; F= plan-séquence}.
séquence d'actualités .{F} * see news clip .{E}.
séquence de film .{F} * see sequence .{E}.
séquense en boucle .{F} * see looping .{E}.
sequential camera .{E} * see step-and-repeat camera.
201
serial .{E;F} * 1) Sequential presence of data along one
conductor.39. 2) A publication in any medium issued in
successive parts bearing numerical or chronological
designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals (reports,
yearbooks, etc.), journals, memoirs, proceedings,
transactions, etc., of societies, and numbered
monographic series.(12.03.) 3) In film usage, a theatrical
serial; a type of short subject film which was characterized
principally by the episodic development of a story which
was presented in installments over a period of several
weeks. The serial engaged audience interest in a hero or
heroine whose exploits reached an unresolved crisis at the
end of each episode. The predominant genre of the serial
was melodrama. Serials remained popular with motionpicture
audiences until production of them ceased in the
early 1950s. 4) In broadcast usage, a group of
programmes with their story-line continued from episode
to episode. .{D= ?; Es= 1) secuencial; consecutivo; 2,3,4)
serial; novela o película en episodios}.
serial cataloguing .{E} * see cataloguing.
serial transmission format .{E} * A specification using biphase
modulation for data, and balanced line drivers to
transmit digital audio data.39. .{D= ?; Es= formato de
transmisión en serie; serial; F= format de transmission
série}.
serie .{Es} * see series (1) .{E}.
serie cronológia .{Es} * see chronological file .{E}.
serie cronológica .{Es} * see chronological file .{E}.
serie de expedientes .{Es} * see file .{E}.
Serie .{D} * see series .{E}.
série close .{F} * see closed record group .{E}.
série de dessins animés .{F} * see strip .{E}.
series .{E} * A group of separate items related to one
another by the fact that each item bears, in addition to its
own title proper, a collective title applying to the group as
a whole. The individual items may or may not be
numbered.(12.) .{D= Serie; Es= 1) serie; cadena;
sucesión; 2) película en episodios (por capítulos); F=
séries; film à épisodes; feuilleton télévisé}.
serrage de la bande .{F} * see tape pack .{E}.
service copy .{E} * A copy created for use and intended for
repeated playback; generally considered expendable. .{D=
Arbeitskopie; Ansichtskopie; Es= copia para consulta; F=
copie d'utilisation; copie de service; copie de distribution}.
service duplicate .{E} * A duplicate of a service copy.(04.)
.{D= Arbeitskopie; Es= duplicado de una copia de
consulta; F= copie de service}.
service transfer copy .{E} * see service copy.
servomotor de doble eje .{Es} * see two-axis actuator .{E}.
sesión de grabación .{Es} * see recording session .{E}.
session d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording session .{E}.
set .{E} * 1) In sound recordings, two or more recordings
distributed as an album by the manufacturer, usually with
an album or set number different from the individual issue
numbers of the separate discs. 78-RPM sets were
generally sold in book-like containers, although some
manufacturers, particularly Europeans, occasionally
distributed such sets in individual sleeves with no overall
container or set number; see also album; box.(04.) 2) The

ackdrop in which a moving-image scene takes place. 3)
A selection of songs and/or other musical selections
played by a musical performer or group. .{D= 1) ?; 2)
Dekoration; Bühne; 3) ?; Es= decorado; escenografía;
plató; 1) ?; 2) decorado; escenografía; plató; 3) ?; F= 1)
album; ensemble; 2) décor; plateau; 3) sélection de
programme; ensemble}.
set light .{E} * Auxiliary illumination of the background or
set, in addition to the lighting supplied for the major
subjects or areas. .{D= ?; Es= iluminación [alumbrado] del
estudio; luces de estudio; F= éclairage d'appoint}.
set-in .{E} * The procedure for establishing the beginning
of a scene in a computer controlled video editing system.
.{D= ?; Es= fijación de inicio (edición de vídeos); F=
déclenchement début de séquence}.
set-out .{E} * The procedure for establishing the end of a
scene in a computer controlled video editing system. .{D=
?; Es= fijación de final (edición de vídeos); F=
déclenchement fin de séquence}.
set-up .{E} * 1) The positioning of the equipment in making
an audiovisual document (i.e., the camera/s for
photographing still- or moving-images; microphone/s to
pick-up audio signals, etc.)(30.). 2) The black level of a
video signal is the set-up; also referred to as the pedestal.
.{D= ?; Es= montaje de elementos escénicos; poner un
decorado; instalar equipos portátiles para una emisión; F=
niveau de noir; installation de l'équipement; montagearrangement}.
settling time .{E} * The time required for a circuit, such as
a d/a converter, to reach a stable output value.39. .{D= ?;
Es= tiempo de estabilización [fijación]; F= durée de
stabilisation}.
sh circuit .{E} * see sample-and-hold circuit.
shadow .{E} * An area of low density in negative images
and a high density in positive images.42. .{D= ?; Es=
sombra; oscuridad; sombra arrojada; F= ombre}.
shadow mask .{E} * see aperture mask .{E}.
shadow-mask kinescope .{E} * An electronic device used
in large screen video. It has largely been replaced by the
projection kinescope. .{D= ?; Es= cinescopio de placa
perforada; cinescopio de máscara de sombra; F=
kinescope (à masque d'ombre)}.
shallow focus .{E} * A photographic technique using
shallow depth of field to create a shallow focus plane,
usually in order to direct the attention of the viewer to the
subject in that plane; see also deep focus, rack focus.(30.)
.{D= ?; Es= enfoque con poca profundidad de campo; F=
faible profondeur de cham}.
sharpness .{E} * 1) The visual sensation (subjective) of the
slope of the boundary between a light and a dark area. 2)
The degree of (line/edge) clarity.40. 3) Visual sensation of
the abruptness of an edge.09. .{D= Schärfe; Es= nitidez;
definición; delineación de contornos; fijar; nitidez; F= bloc
de tête (optique); acuité; finesse; netteté}.
shaver .{E} * 1) The device used to carry out the shaving
of wax cylinders. 2) The person who shaved wax cylinders.
.{D= ?; Es= raspador (operario); F= raboter}.
shaving .{E} * A process of removing the playing grooves
from a wax cylinder by paring the surface so that another
recording could be made on it. The standard shaving
device, or shaver, consisted of a sapphire edged knife
fixed to the carrier-arm of a cylinder machine and engaged
to bear lightly on the cylinder's surface while the motor, or
other power source, was allowed to run fast, the shaver
advancing down the face of the cylinder until the entire
202
surface of the cylinder was wiped clean of the previous
recording.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= afeitado; raspado; acción; F=
rabotage; raser}.
shedding .{E} * The loss of oxide or other particles from the
coating or backing of a magnetic tape, usually causing
contamina-tion of the tape transport and, by redeposit, of
the tape itself.46. .{D= ?; Es= desprendimiento (de
partículas de óxido de una cinta magnética); F= perte}.
sheet .{E} * A single piece of paper, board, paper pulp,
cellulose acetate film, etc. .{D= ?; Es= hoja; F= feuille}.
sheet microfilm .{E} * Microfilm used in sheet rather than
rolls. Generally the term applies to microfiche.01. .{D= ?;
Es= microficha; F= microfilm en feuille; feuille microfilm}.
shelf .{E} * A thin, flat length of material (wood, metal, etc.),
usually one of a set, built or set into a frame or between
two uprights or standards which support it, for the storage
or materials.(22.) .{D= Regal; Regalbrett; Brett; Es= balda;
entrepaño; anaquel; F= tablette}.
shelf load .{E} * The maximum amount of weight a given
shelf will hold. .{D= ?; Es= resistencia al peso de una
balda; F= charge d'une tablette}.
shell .{E} * A protective case for tape or film based
materials in cassette or cartridge format. .{D= ?; Es=
estuche [caja] protectora; F= boîtier}.
shellac .{E} * 1) A term sometimes used, interchangeable
with 78-RPM, to modify disc. 2) A thermoplastic resin used
as the basic ingredient in the production of disc recordings
until supplanted by various vinyl formulations with the
advent of the microgroove LP disc. Shellac discs could be
solid shellac stock or laminated onto a board, fibre, plastic
or paper core.(04.) .{D= Shellack; Es= goma laca; F=
laque; gomme-laque}.
shellac record .{E} * A disc, usually played at a nominal 78-
RPM, made of shellac. .{D= Shellakplatte; Es= disco de
goma laca; F= disc laque}.
Shellack .{D} * see shellac .{E}.
Shellakplatte .{D} * see shellac record .{E}.
shelving .{E} * 1) Collectively, the furniture upon which
materials are stored; also called racking. 2) The process of
placing materials on shelves.(22.) .{D= 1) Regalanlange;
Regal; 2) Einlagerung; Magazinierung; Es= 1) estantería;
2) estantear; poner [colocar] objetos en estanterías; F= 1)
rayonnage; 2) rangement}.
shield front .{E} * A magnetic shield close to the front (top)
surface of the read/write head of magnetic recorders to
reduce 'feed through', i.e., cross-feed.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=
blindaje; pantalla; F= blindage}.
shipping environment .{E} * 1) The physical conditions at
the time of or while shipping is taking place. 2) The
recommended physical conditions for shipping, generally
including a maximum and minimum temperature and
relative humidity range, a maximum dew point, the range
of altitude, the allowable levels of shock, and the allowable
duration.(46.) .{D= klimatische Versandbedingungen;
Versandbedingungen; Es= 1) estado físico de un objeto en
el momento de su envío; 2) condiciones ideales de envío;
F= conditions de transport}.
shock tensile strength .{E} * see impact strength.
short .{E} * 1) A commercially released moving-image
production that is brief in length, especially not more than
three 35-mm reels (or the equivalent in time); not a
feature.(12.) 2) In electronics a current path with no
resistance is a short circuit. Usually, this is an abnormal

condition which causes an undesirable effect on the
electronic circuit. .{D= Kurzfilm; Es= cortometraje; F= court
métrage}.
short-term film .{E} * Processed photographic film with a
shelf life expectancy of less than ten years; see also
archival film; long-term film; medium-term film.(09.) .{D= ?;
Es= película de conservación a corto plazo; F= film de
conservation à court terme}.
shot .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, 1) a single run
of the camera, 2) the sentence of film, and 3) the piece of
film resulting from such a run, regardless of however long
or short without cuts, exposed continuously. A film may
include more than a thousand shots or it may seem to be
a single shot; see also aerial-, aster-, close--up-, detail-,
dolly-, estab-lishing-, extreme long-, follow-, full long-,
insert-, medium-, point of view-, scene sequence-, stock-,
take-, tracking-, two-hot; camera angle; pan; zoom.(09.30.)
.{D= Aufnahme; Einstellung; Es= toma; plano; instantánea;
foto; F= plan; "prise" d'une scène}.
shoulder .{E} * In still- and moving-image work, the high
density portion of the characteristic curve where the slope
changes with constant changes in exposure for a negative
film the slope decreases and further changes in exposure
(log h) finally produce no increase in density because the
maximum density of the film has been reached; for a
reversal film the slope increases.(29.) .{D= ?; Es= resalte
de una curva; hombro; F= épaule}.
shrink wrap .{E} * A cellophane-type wrapper enclosing an
item and its slipcase which is thermally sealed before
distribution. Frequently used with disc recordings. Since
the material is stretched extremely snugly around the
packaging and can contract under high temperature,
causing disc and/or container warpage; in spite of its
usefulness to keep out unwanted pollutants and to give a
reasonable buffer against atmospheric change, it should
be removed from all packages.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= embalaje
con papel celofán termosellado; F= voile; emballage sous
film rétractable}.
shrinkage .{E} * The reduction of the dimensions of an item
from its standard size.(06.) .{D= Schrumpfung; Es=
contracción; disminución; merma; F= retrait;
rétrécissemen}.
shutter .{E} * 1) In a motion picture camera, the
mechanical device that shields the film from light at the
aperture during the film movement portion of the intermittent
cycle. 2) A similar device in motion picture projectors
for cutting off the projection light during the time the film is
moving at the aperture.(09.) .{D= Vershlusz;
Umlaufblende; Es= obturador; F= obturateur}.
shuttle .{E} * The fast fast forward and fast rewind of a film
or magnetic tape. .{D= ?; Es= lanzadera; lanzamiento
(bobinado y rebobinado de una cinta de vídeo a alta
velocidad); F= navette; mode de recherche rapise}.
Sicherheitsfilm .{D} * see acetate film .{E}; safety film .{E};
safety master .{E}.
Sicherheitskopie .{D} * see backup copy .{E}; security copy
.{E}.
Sicherung-sverfilmung .{D} * see security microfilming .{E}.
sifflement .{E} * see hiss .{E}.
signal C .{F} * see C signal .{E}.
signal d'entrée .{F} * see input signal .{E}.
signal d'interférence (horizontal) .{F} * see glitch .{E}.
203
signal de chrominance .{F} * see chrominance signal .{E}.
signal de différence de couleur .{F} * see colour difference
signal .{E}.
signal de réglage .{F} * see grating signal .{E}.
signal I .{F} * see I signal .{E}.
signal numérique .{F} * see digital signal .{E}.
signal processing equipment .{E} * Any equipment or
circuit that is used intentionally to change the
characteristics of a signal (other than overall level or
intensity). It consists of such devices as equalizers,
limiters, phasers, delay lines, etc.(04.) .{D=
Signalbearbeitungsgeräte; Es= equipo procesador de
señales; F= dispositif de traitement du signal}.
signal test .{F} * see test signal .{E}.
Signal-Rausch-Abstand .{D} * see signal-to-noise ratio
(SN) .{E}.
signal-to-error ratio (SE) .{E} * The ratio of signal voltage
to quanti-zation error voltage, typically expressed in
deciBels.39. .{D= ?; Es= relación señal-error; F= rapport
signal sur erreurs}.
signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) .{E} * 1) The ratio of signal
voltage to noise voltage, typically expressed in
deciBels.39. 2) The ratio of the time averaged signal power
to the total noise power (dB) over a defined bandwidth.46.
3) The ratio of the power output of a given signal to the
noise ratio in a given bandwidth.46. 4) The ratio, measured
in dB's, between the pure sound and the noise induced by
the recording system itself.50. A high s/n ration means
high quality sound and picture.(35.) .{D= Signal-Rausch-
Abstand; Es= relación señal-ruido; F= rapport signal-bruit}.
Signalbearbeitungsgeräte .{D} * see signal processing
equipment .{E}.
Signaldarstellung .{D} * see component coding .{E}.
Signatur .{D} * see catalogue number (cat. no.) .{E}.
signaux de synchronisation .{F} * see synchronization
signals .{E}.
Silber-Halogen-Film .{D} * see silver film .{E}.
silbido .{Es} * see hiss .{E}.
silica gel .{E} * A colloidal form of silica, available in the
form of pale amber coloured, highly absorbent granules,
and used as a desiccant in dehumidifiers. When saturated,
it can be dried by heating. Sometimes colour-coded
particles are added which change colour when the gel has
become saturated.45. .{D= Silikagel; Es= gel de sílice; F=
silicagel}.
silicagel .{F} * see silica gel .{E}.
Silikagel .{D} * see silica gel .{E}.
sillon .{F} * see groove .{E}.
sillon à pas variable .{F} * see variable groove pitch .{E}.
sillon concentrique .{F} * see concentric groove .{E}.
sillon de test de vitesse .{F} * see speed testing grooves
.{E}.
sillon en spirale .{F} * see spiral groove .{E}.
sillon excentré .{F} * see eccentric groove .{E}.

sillon fermé .{F} * see guard band .{E}.
sillon final .{F} * see guard band .{E}.
sillon large .{F} * see coarse groove .{E}.
sillon par inch .{F} * see threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E}.
sillon vierge .{F} * see blank groove .{E}.
silver bromide .{E} * An extremely light-sensitive
compound that is and one of the principal components of
photographic emulsions. .{D= ?; Es= bromuro de plata; F=
bromure d'argent; argent bromure}.
silver densitometric method .{E} * see densitometric
method (silver).
silver film .{E} * A still- or moving-image film which is
sensitized with silver halide, includes non-gelatin dry-silver
film as well as silver gelatin film which is coated with silver
halide suspended in gelatin and is developed by a wet
process. Silver film is consid-ered by many to be the only
film suitable for archival permanence.(40.22.) .{D= Silber-
Halogen-Film; Es= película de sales de plata; F= film
argentique}.
silver gelatin film .{E} * see silver film; gelatin.
silver halide .{E} * A compound of silver and one of the
halogens; i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, or fluorine.33. see
also silver film. .{D= ?; Es= haluro de plata; F= halide
d'argent ?}.
silver halide film .{E} * see silver film.
silver recovery .{E} * One of a number of ecological steps
that can be taken in the management of an audiovisual
archive, this being the reclamation of precious metal, silver
(Ag), either from a film processing facility or from film
which is being destroyed. There are four common methods
of recovering silver from film processing solutions: metallic
replacement, electrolytic plating, chemical precipitation,
and ion exchange.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= recuperación de la
plata; F= récupération de l'argent}.
sin retorno a cero invertido .{Es} * see non-return-to-zeroinverted
(NRZI) .{E}.
sincrónico .{Es} * see synchronous .{E}.
sincronización .{Es} * see synchronization .{E}.
sincronización de interferencia .{Es} * see jam sync .{E}.
sincronización del diálogo (sonido) con las imágenes .{Es}
* see lip sync .{E}.
sincronización externa .{Es} * see external sync .{E}.
sincronización horizontal subportadora .{Es} * see SC/H
(1) .{E}.
sincronización interior .{Es} * see internal sync .{E}.
sincronizador de audio .{Es} * see audio frame
synchronizer; audio synchronizer .{E}.
sincronizar .{Es} * see synchronize .{E}.
síncrono .{Es} * see synchronous .{E}.
síndrome del vinagre .{Es} * see vinegar syndrome .{D;E}.
sine wave .{E} * A fundamental wave form corresponding
to a single frequency, without harmonics. 39. .{D=
Sinusschwingung; Es= onda sinusoidal; F= onde
sinusoïdale}.
204
single .{E} * A commercially issued 45-rpm analogue disc
recording containing one title per side; the selection lasting
approximately three (3) minutes duration; see also CDsingle.
.{D= Single; Es= plano [toma] de un personaje u
objeto; simple; sencillo; F= disque simple duré; mono
disque}.
single domain particle .{E} * All ferromagnetic materials are
composed of permanently magnetized regions in which the
magnetic moments of the atoms are ordered. These
domains have a size determined by energy considerations.
When a particle is small enough, it cannot support more
than one domain and is called a single domain particle.46.
.{D= ?; Es= partícula (ferromagnética) de dominio único;
F= particule monodomaine}.
single sided disc .{E} * A sound recording disc which has
an audio signal recorded into only one side of the disc.
.{D= ?; Es= disco de una sola cara (grabadora); F= disque
simple face}.
single-beam tracking .{E} * An optical pickup design in
which a single LASER spot is used for data recovery,
tracking, and focusing.39. .{D= ?; Es= pista de haz único;
F= suivi de piste avec spot unique}.
single-frame exposure .{E} * The exposure of one frame of
motion picture film at a time, commonly used in animation
and time-lapse.(09.) .{D= Einzelbild-Aufnahme; Einergang;
Es= exposición imagen a imagen; exposición fotograma a
fotograma; marcha imágen por imágen; fotograma a
fotograma; F= exposition image par image; marche image
par image}.
single-system sound .{E} * In moving-image production,
the system of recording audio directly onto the film while it
is running through the camera, as opposed to doublesystem
sound which uses a separate audio recorder to
record the sound while the image is being recorded onto
the film.(09.30.) .{D= ?; Es= pista de sonido simple;
grabación del sonido e imagen simultáneamente; F= son
simple système; prise de vue et enregistrement sonore sur
la même bande}.
sinópsis .{Es} * see treatment .{E}.
sintagma .{Es} * see syntagma .{E}.
Sinusschwingung .{D} * see sine wave .{E}.
sistema .{Es} * see system .{E}.
sistema (NPR) no-fotoresistente (grabación de discos
compactos) .{Es} * see non-photoresist (NPR) .{E}.
sistema alámbrico .{Es} * see jeep .{E}.
sistema cataóptrico .{Es} * see catoptric system .{E}.
sistema de asignación de prioridades .{Es} * see triage
.{E}.
sistema de control distributivo .{Es} * see distributive
control system (DCS) .{E}.
sistema de duplicación de alta velocidad .{Es} * see
master/slave .{D;E;Es;F}.
sistema de entrada-salida base .{Es} * see basic
input/output system .{E}.
sistema de operación en tiempo real .{Es} * see real-time
operating system (RTOS) .{E}.
sistema de origen .{Es} * see originating system .{E}.
sistema de producción de microfichas .{Es} * see strip-up
.{E}.

sistema de supresión de ruidos .{Es} * see noisesuppression
system .{E}.
sistema de televisión por cable .{Es} * see cable antenna
television system .{E}.
sistema de transmisión multicanal por cable .{Es} * see
augmented channel system .{E}.
sistema múltiple sub-Nyquist de muestreo y codificación
.{Es} * see multiple sub-Nyquist sampling and encoding
system (MUSE) .{E}.
sistema para la proyección de un vídeo en un cine .{Es} *
see Eidophor .{E}.
sistema preciso de exposición automática .{Es} * see
automatic precision exposure system (apex system) .{E}.
sistema protegido .{Es} * see authoring system .{E}.
sistema receptor .{Es} * see receiving system .{E}.
sistema sustractivo de color .{Es} * see subtractive colour
.{E}.
sistema sustractivo de color .{Es} * see subtractive colour
.{E}.
Sistema de Vídeo Casero .{Es} * see VHS .{E}.
Sistema Múltiple sub-Nyquist de Muestreo y Codificación
.{Es} * see MUSE .{E}.
sistematizador .{Es} * see processor .{E}.
Skartierung .{D} * see disposal .{E}.
skating .{D;E;F} * When the pickup or stylus climbs over or
rides on the top of the groove walls of a disc instead of
tracking within them; see also groove skating. .{Es=
empuje lateral}.
skew .{E} * see tape skew.
Skew .{D} * see tape skew .{E}.
slant shot .{E} * see helical scan.
slant track .{E} * see helical scan. .{D= ?; Es= pista
oblicua; F= piste en biais}.
slate .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, the identifying
sequence preceding or following a scene or programme.
2) The scenes containing the clapper board
information.(10.) 3) In sound recordings, a voice or
talkback signal recording an announcement or identifying
information directly onto the recording before any
programme content. In some cases it includes only the
recorder's voice, in others it includes the voice and a low
frequency tone mixed in. Its purpose is to identify material
being recorded and, on a tape recording, to enable quick
location of a desired portion by counting the 'beeps' (sound
of a 'slate' at rewind or fast forward speed) until the desired
segment is positioned for playback.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=
claqueta; F= annonce; tableau de numérotage; claquette;
clap}.
slating .{E} * see slate.
sleeve .{E} * 1) The container for a disc recording. 2) The
inner paper, glassine, or polyethylene protective envelope
for a disc audio recording within a cardboard/paper outer
jacket (slipcase); usually associated with LPs (NB There
are also specially manufactured, acid-free sleeves used for
record protec-tion in archival situations); sometimes called
205
jacket; inner jacket; liner; slipcase.(04.) .{D= Schutzhülle;
Es= funda [carpeta] (discos fonográficos); F= pochette;
chemise}.
slewing .{E} * A procedure that a computer controlled
videotape editing system uses to steer the assigned
machines during preroll. The computer slews the machines
so that they will be in sync at the edit point. .{D= ?; Es=
giro; rotación (rápido); F= procédure d'asservissement}.
slide .{E} * A transparent positive image (usually
photographic) on film or glass, intended for projection on
a slide viewer or slide projector; image area may vary from
microimage to 3¼ x 4-inches (called a lantern slide). Most
slides, other than those which are either 3¼ x 4-inches or
2¼ x 2¼-inches, are mounted in a cardboard or plastic
frame whose outside dimensions are 2 x 2-inches. The
predominantly used slide is a transparency of 35-mm
colour film mounted in a 2 x 2-inch frame.(01.22.) .{D=
Diapositiv; Standbild; Positiv; Es= diapositiva; vista fija;
transparencia; F= vue fixe; diapositive}.
slide mount .{E} * A cardboard or plastic frame in which a
film slide is placed for storage and projection. .{D=
Diapositiv-Wechselschlitten; Es= marco para diapositivas;
F= cadre; châssis passe-vues}.
sling psychrometer .{E} * A hygrometer composed of two
thermometers, one a dry bulb, the other a wet bulb,
attached to a handle so they can be swung around while
taking a temperature reading. The wet bulb thermometer
has a fabric sleeve or wick fitted over the mercury bulb.
The wick must be kept wet with distilled water when a
reading is being taken. After swinging the instrument for
two or three minutes, readings are taken from both
thermometers, recorded, and entered into a hygrometric
table. Where the two readings cross on the scale is the
relative humidity. .{D= ?; Es= psicrómetro giratorio; F=
psychromètre}.
slip sheet .{E} * A smooth, non-damaging protective sheet
which is inserted between the window board and art
work.47. .{D= ?; Es= hoja protectora; F= feuille
intercalaire; feuille de protection pour cellulo}.
slipcase .{E} * 1) A container used for storage of an item.
The simplest form of the slipcase is a cloth- or papercovered
box made of either wood or paper board with one
open edge into which the item is slipped.(45.) Slipcases do
not provide safe storage from a conservation standpoint.
Materials are rubbed every time they are slid in and out of
the case.(44.) 2) In phonorecordings, the outer container
for a disc recording is usually made of paper/cardboard,
and -for LPs- displays credits, pictorial information, titles,
narrative information (sometimes referred to as liner
notes), etc. It is usually open on one end only, for slipping
the disc in and out of the container; see also album;
sleeve.04. .{D= Plattentasche; Cover; Es= contenedor;
caja; funda; carpeta; F= 1) boîte 2) pochett; chemise}.
slitting .{E} * Process by which film roll and magnetic tape
is split into narrower widths.(09.) .{D= ?; Es= división de la
bobina; F= division de la bande}.
Slo-mo .{E} * A video production technique referring to the
process, electronic equipment, and the operator who plays
program video back in a slower than real time or in a still
frame. .{D= ?; Es= ralentí; cámara lenta; F= ?}.
slow motion .{E} * A moving-image production technique
in which the action or motion is shown slower than was
photographed. The effect is produced by shooting at a
higher frame rate than used in projection; see also
speed.(09.30.) .{D= Zeitdehner; Es= ralentí; cámara lenta;
F= ralenti; film tourné au ralenti}.
slow-scan .{E} * A video production effect in which the
speed of the videotape is reduced as it passes the head

drum assembly. This technique is used in recorders to
document long periods of time for surveillance. It is also
used in playback modes to examine individual frames of
the video. .{D= ?; Es= exploración lenta; F= ralenti; à
balayage lent}.
SLP .{E} * acronym for super long play.
small computer standard inter-face (SCSI) .{E} * A
standard 8-bit parallel interface for computers used to
connect peripherals, such as connecting a CD-ROM player
to a microcom-puter. (Scsi is pronounced 'scuzzy')39. .{D=
?; Es= interconexión estándar para ordenadores
personales; F= SCSI}.
SMD .{E} * acronym for specific materials designation.
smear .{E} * A video aberration caused by inadequate
frequency or phase response. It visually is seen as white
or black portions of the picture bleeding over into the
adjacent video image. .{D= ?; Es= mancha (borrosidad de
la imagen); F= défaut; tâche lumineuse}.
smoothing filter .{E} * see anti-imaging filter.
SMPTE .{E} * acronym for Society of Motion-Picture and
Television Engineers.
SMPTE/ANSI Frame Coding .{E} * The electronic process
in which the individual frames of video are identified by a
unique code. The SMPTE/ANSI TIME CODE was
developed for this purpose and has two formats, the
longitudinal time code (LTC) and the vertical interval time
code (VITC). This timecode can also be recorded in the
actual video image to assist in assembling an edit decision
list (EDL) in an off-line editing system. .{D= ?; Es= marco
de codificación SMPTE/ANSI; F= codage de trame
SMPTE/ANSI}.
SN .{E} * acronym for signal to noise
SN ratio .{E} * see signal-to-noise ratio.
sobrebarrido .{Es} * see overscan .{E}.
sobrecarga .{Es} * see overload .{E}.
sobrecubierta .{Es} * see dust jacket .{E}.
sobredesviación .{Es} * see overscan; over-exposure .{E}.
sobreexposición .{Es} * see over-exposure .{E}.
sobregrabación .{Es} * see over-dub .{E}.
sobreimpresión de imagen .{Es} * see bleed through .{E}.
sobremodulación .{Es} * see overmodulation .{E}.
sobremuestro .{Es} * see over-sampling .{E}.
Society of Motion-Picture and Television Engineers
(SMPTE) .{D;E;Es;F} * A professional moving-image
engineering society that, among other activities, helps
establish standards, including a time code standard.39.
sodium thiosulphate .{E} * see hypo.
SOF .{E} * acronym for sound on film. .{D= ?; Es=
acrónimo de Sonido Sobre la Película; F= son sur film}.
soft core material .{E} * 1) In magnetic tape recording, soft
metal laminations bonded together to form the core; typical
lamination thickness is 0.0005 to 0.004-inches; usually a
high nickel/iron alloy. These materials have a relatively
poor wear rate.(46.) 2) Pornographic materials (litera-ture,
film, video, etc.) that contain suggestive material of a
sexual nature, but not explicit nor graphic sexual acts; see
206
also hard core material. .{D= ?; Es= 1) núcleo (cintas
magnéticas); 2) película de contenido erótico; F= 1) noyau
2) pornographique léger}.
soft focus .{E} * A moving-image production technique
which uses an image which is slightly out of focus.
Produced by means of actually controlling the focus of the
lens or by means of special fil-ters.(30.) .{D=
Weichzeichner; Es= flou; desenfocado artistico; F= flou
artistique; flou; non piqué}.
softener .{E} * see plasticizer.
software .{D;E;Es} * 1) The set of programs, procedures,
and related documentation associated with a system,
especially a computer system. 2) Materials for use with
audiovisual equipment, usually contrasted with
hardware.(22.39.) .{F= logiciel; Es= logical; logicial;
elementos de programación}.
Software .{D} * see software .{E}.
Sohn .{F} .{D} * see stamper .{E}.
solapa .{Es} * see flange .{E}.
solapamiento .{Es} * see aliasing (2) .{E}.
solarisation .{F} * see solarization .{E}.
solarización .{Es} * see solarization .{E}.
solarization .{E} * The process of reversal or shift of the
colour spectrum in a moving-image production scene to
create an abstract or distorted effect. Reds become blues,
blues become yellows, etc.30. .{D= ?; Es= solarización; F=
solarisation}.
solvant .{F} * see solvent .{E}.
solvent .{E} * A liquid that can disolve or disperse one or
more materials. .{D= Lösungsmittel; Es= disolvente; F=
solvant}.
solvent aqueux .{F} * see aqueous solvent .{E}.
solvent non aqueux .{F} * see nonaqueous solvent .{E}.
SOM .{Es} * see computer output microfilm/microform
(COM) .{E}.
sombra .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.
sombra arrojada .{Es} * see shadow .{E}.
sombra visual .{Es} * see drop shadow .{E}.
sommaire .{F} * see summary .{E}.
somme de vérification .{F} * see checksum .{E}.
son .{F} * see audio; sound .{E}.
son asynchrone .{F} * see asynchronous sound .{E}.
son de repérage .{F} * see slate tone .{E}.
son débordant d'un plan sur l'autre .{F} * see overlap
sound .{E}.
son direct (piste son sur pellicule) .{F} * see direct sound
.{E}.
son maîgre .{F} * see boxy .{E}.
son naturel .{F} * see actual sound .{E}.
son réverbéré .{F} * see hard sound .{E}.

son separé synchrone .{F} * see double-system sound;
.{E}.
son simple système .{F} * see single-system sound .{E}.
son sourd .{F} * see boomy .{E}.
son stéréophonique .{F} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.
son sur bande .{F} * see SOT .{E}.
son sur film .{F} * see SOF .{E}.
son synchrone .{F} * see synchronous sound .{E}.
son test .{F} * see test tone .{E}.
sonido .{Es} * see audio .{E}; sound .{E}; tone (1, 4, 5, 6)
.{E}.
sonido acompasado .{Es} * see tick (1) .{E}.
sonido ambiente .{Es} * see presence .{E}; room noise
.{E}.
sonido añadido .{Es} * see commentative sound .{E}.
sonido asincrónico .{Es} * see asynchronous sound .{E}.
sonido de granulación .{Es} * see granulation noise .{E}.
sonido directo .{Es} * see direct sound .{E}.
sonido doblado .{Es} * see commentative sound .{E}.
sonido estereofónico .{Es} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.
sonido natural .{Es} * see actual sound .{E}.
sonido reverberador .{Es} * see hard sound .{E}.
sonido seco breve .{Es} * see tick (2) .{E}.
sonido separado .{Es} * see double-system sound .{E}.
sonido sincrónico .{Es} * see synchronous sound .{E}.
sonido solapado .{Es} * see overlap sound .{E}.
Sonido en la Cinta .{Es} * see SOT .{E}.
Sonido Sobre la Película .{Es} * see SOF .{E}.
sonoridad .{Es} * see loudness .{E}.
sonoriser .{F} * see dub .{E}.
sonorizar .{Es} * see dub .{E}.
sonoro .{Es} * see sound .{E}.
Sonotrack Coating .{D;E;Es;F} * A particular type of
magnetic oxide coating that can be applied along the edge
of processed 8-mm, super 8, and 16-mm motion picture
film.09.
soporte .{Es} * see base .{E;Es}; carrier .{E}; celluloid (1,
2) .{E;F}; medium (media) .{E}.
soporte de acetato .{Es} * see acetate base .{E}.
soporte de arrollamiento .{Es} * see mandrel .{E}.
soporte de la aguja de un tocadiscos .{Es} * see stylus bar
.{E}.
soporte de la película .{Es} * see film base .{E}.
207
soporte de papel .{Es} * see paper support .{E}.
soporte de refuerzo .{Es} * see backing .{E}.
soporte de trompa .{Es} * see horn support .{E}.
soporte de vidrio .{Es} * see glass support .{E}.
soporte físico .{Es} * see physical carrier .{E}.
soporte metálico .{Es} * see metallic support .{E}.
soporte opaco .{Es} * see opaque support .{E}.
soporte película .{Es} * see film base .{E}.
soporte plástico .{Es} * see plastic support .{E}.
soporte sonoro mecánico .{Es} * see mechanical sound
carrier .{E}.
soporte superior .{Es} * see top plate .{E}.
sortie .{F} * see output .{E}.
sortie d'un film .{F} * see release .{E}.
sound {E} * 1) A variation in air pressure which, within
frequency limits from about 20 Hz, to 20,000 Hz is audible
to the human ear.39. 2) Moving-image materials also
carrying soundtracks, as opposed to silents.(10.) .{D= Ton;
Schall; Es= sonido; sonoro; F= son; sonore}..
sound archives .{E} * see audio archives.
sound box .{E} * The device which, via the stylus and
diaphragm, collects impulses from acoustically recorded
discs and cylinders and conveys them to an amplifying
horn; see also reproducer.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= lector acústico;
F= caisse de résonance}.
sound effects .{E} * Any sound in a moving-image
production from a source other than the tracks bearing
synchronized dialogue, narration, or music. Sound effects
are commonly introduced onto a master track in the rerecording
step, usually with the idea of enhancing the
illusion of reality in the finished presentation.09. .{D=
Geräusche; Geräuscheffekte; Es= efectos sonoros; F=
bruitage; effets sonores}.
sound magnifier .{E} * A device incorporated into an
acoustic cylinder or disc machine for increasing the
volume of sound output.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= amplificador
sonoro; F= amplificateur sonore}.
sound negative .{E} * Negative film which contains the
reproduction of the soundtrack of motion picture
production without the picture.(06.) .{D= Tonnegativ; Es=
1) negativo sonoro; 2) negativo de sonido; F= négatif son;
son negatif}.
sound positive .{E} * Positive film which contains the
reproduction of the soundtrack of a moving-image
production without the picture. .{D= Tonpositiv; Es= 1)
positivo sonoro; 2) positivo de sonido; F= son positif;
positif son}.
sound recorder .{E} * Equipment for recording and
reproducing sound signals on magnetic tape.06. .{D=
Schallaufnahmegerät; Tonaufnahmegerät; Es= grabador
de sonido; F= emregistreur de son}.
sound recording .{E} * 1) An artifact which has been
constructed and used for the specific purpose of storing a
representation of energy for the further purpose of
reproduction in the audio portion of the spectrum.04. 2)
The fixation of audio signals onto an appropriate carrier,

such as cylinder, disc, tape, film, or other medium. 3) The
artifact resulting from such fixation; also called a
phonogram; see also audio.(07.22.) .{D=
Tonaufzeichnung; Es= grabación sonora; cinta sonora;
disco sonora; F= enregistrement sonore; magnétophone;
prise de son}.
sound-on-sound .{D;E} * A method in which previously
recorded material on one audio track may be re-recorded
on another audio track while simultaneously adding new
audio material; also known as overdubbing.(50.) .{F=
doublage; Es= grabación sobre grabación}.
soundtrack .{E} * 1) The portion of a length of a movingimage
production reserved for the sound record. In motion
picture productions the soundtrack today is generally
recorded onto to film using one of two methods (optical or
magnetic), although historically the soundtrack was on
totally separate media (audio cylinders, discs, etc.). Optical
tracks operate by the modula-tion of a beam of light
creating a band on the film which widens and narrows, to
indicate different sounds; magnetic tracks are essentially
magnetic tape recordings which are a part of the motion
picture film. 2) Any length of motion picture film bearing
sound only, or the portion of a composite film which
contains the accompanying audio signal. 3) A track of
video tape containing an audio recording. 4) The (linear)
zone of subsequent data recorded on an magnetic or
optical medium; see also stereophonic sound;
track.(06.09.) .{D= 1&3) Tonfilm; Tonspur; Es= 1) banda
sonora; 3) pista de sonido; F= 1) bande son; 3) piste
sonore}.
soundtrack print .{E} * A motion picture positive of a
soundtrack. .{D= ?; Es= impresión [edición] de la banda
sonora; F= tirage positif piste son}.
soupape .{F} * see pallet .{E}.
source de référence .{F} * see reference source .{E}.
source première d'informations .{F} * see chief source of
information .{E}.
source principale .{F} * see principal source .{E}.
source secondaire .{F} * see B reel .{E}.
sources de référence (cat) .{F} * see prescribed source
.{E}.
sous couche de fixation .{F} * see subbing .{E}.
sous en-tête .{F} * see sub-header .{E}.
sous porteuse chrominance .{F} * see colour subcarrier
.{E}.
sous-code .{F} * see sub-code .{E}.
sous-exposition .{F} * see under-exposure .{E}.
sous-porteuse couleur .{F} * see colour subcarrier .{E}.
sous-porteuse couleur (vid) .{F} * see subcarrier horizontal
phasing .{E}.
sous-porteuse couleur (vid){F} * see subcarrier .{E}.
sous-titre .{F} * see caption .{E}.
SP .{E} * acronym for standard play.
Spaltablagerungen .{D} * see gap smear .{E}.
Spalteinstellung .{D} * see azimuth adjustment .{E}.
Span .{D} * see chip .{E}.
208
Spannungsverstärkung .{D} * see gamma .{E;Es}.
SPARS .{D;E;Es;F} * acronym for Society for Professional
Audio Recording Studios.
SPARS code .{D;E;Es;F} * A three-letter code on CDs
which indicates the analogue (A) or digital (D) techniques
for recording, mixing and editing, and mastering (i.e., DDD
= digital techniques in all three stages; ADD = analogue
recording, digital mixing and editing, and digital mastering;
aaD = analogue recording, analogue mixing and editing,
and digital mastering).
spatial alias .{E} * see alias.
speaker .{E} * An electroacoustic transducer used for
converting an electrical signal into the mechanical
vibrations that cause sound waves; also known as
loudspeaker; see also reproducer. .{D= Lautsprecher; Es=
1) altavoz; 2) locutor; presentador; F= haut-parleur}.
special effects .{E} * 1) A very general term for a wide
range of devices and effects used in moving-image
production, including some kinds of work by stunt men,
model shots, opticals, in-camera effects, matte shots, front
and rear projection, solarization, and much more.(30.) 2)
Any moving-image shot unobtainable by straight forward
shooting techniques, including multiple-image montages
split screens, vignetting, models, etc.(09.) .{D=
Spezialeffekte; Es= efectos especiales; F= effets
spéciaux}.
specific materials designator .{E} * In a bibliographic
citation, the term indicating the special class of materials
(usually the class of a physical object) to which an item
belongs, e.g., videocassette.12. .{D= ?; Es= diseñador de
materiales especiales [específicos]; F= désignation
matériel}.
spécifications mécaniques .{F} * see mechanical
specifications .{E}.
spectral distribution .{E} * The range and proportion of
wavelengths radiated by a particular illuminant.09. .{D=
Spektrale Verterlung; Es= distribución espectral; F=
distribution spectrale}.
spectre .{F} * see spectrum .{E}.
spectre audio .{F} * see audio spectrum .{E}.
spectre visible .{F} * see visual range .{E}.
spectrophotometer .{E} * A photosensitive instrument used
to measure the relative intensity of transmitted or reflected
light in the spectrum; see also density.01. .{D= ?; Es=
espectrofotómetro; F= spectrophotre}.
spectrophotomètre .{F} * see spectrophotometer .{E}.
spectrum .{E} * A distribution of frequencies in a
bandwidth. 39. .{D= Spektrum; Es= espectro; F= spectre}.
Speicher .{D} * see memory .{E}.
Speichermedium .{D} * see medium (media) .{E}.
Spektrale Empfindlichkeit .{D} * see spectral sensitivity
.{E}.
Spektrale Verterlung .{D} * see spectral distribution .{E}.
Spektrum .{D} * see spectrum .{E}.}.
Sperrgreifer .{D} * see registration pin .{E}.
Sperrung .{D} * see restricted access .{E}.

Spezialeffekte .{D} * see special effects .{E}.
spherical aberration .{E} * In optics, those imperfections in
a lens that cause distortion in the shapes of photographed
objects. Rays (abaxial) striking the outer or peripheral
portions of these lenses focus at a point nearer to the lens
than the light rays (paraxial) falling on the lens axis. The
result is that the image is never sharp; see anastigmatic
lens; paraxial. .{D= ?; Es= aberración esférica; F=
aberration sphérique}.
Spieler .{D} * see player .{E}.
spine title .{E} * The title that appears on the spine of a
volume or container. .{D= ?; Es= título del lomo; F= ?}.
spiral groove .{E} * The lead-in or leadout groove of a
grooved disc recording, so called because it traces the
pattern of a spiral on the surface of the disc; see also
spiral track.(04.) .{D= spiralige Rille; Es= estría espiral; F=
sillon en spirale}.
spiral track .{E} * The pit track spiral physically encoding
data on a CD, running from the innermost region to the
outermost; see also spiral groove.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= pista
en espiral; F= piste en spirale}.
spiralige Rille .{D} * see spiral groove .{E}.
Spitze .{D} * see peak .{E}.
Spitzenwertanzeiger .{D} * see peak programme meter
(PPM) .{E}.
splash .{E} * A video effect that is obtained by using a
single frame recorded from a rapid camera zoom back. It
is an intentional distortion that is used as a special effect
in production. .{D= ?; Es= salpicadura (efecto vídeo){x; F=
?(effet vidéo)}.
splice .{E} * The joining of two pieces of film or tape
materials together by cementing, taping, or spacing
materials, etc., using various devices (cement, splicing
tape, ultrasonic welding, etc.).(04.06.22.) .{D=
Klebeverbindung; Kleben; Es= empalmar; empalme; F=
collure; collage}.
splicing block .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, a nonmagnetic
metal block with a channel that holds magnetic
tape in precise alignment during the act of splicing.
Additional straight and diagonal grooves provide a path for
a razor blade to follow for cutting the tape precisely before
splicing; also known as a splicer.04. .{D= Klebeschiene;
Es= bloque de empalme [montaje]; F= bloc de montage;
gabarit de collag}.
splicing tape .{E} * 1) A special, pressure-sensitive
adhesive strip used in splicing. 2) For magnetic materials,
a special, pressure-sensitive, non-magnetic adhesive strip
used to join two pieces of recording tape. In order to
prevent dirt buildup on the recording heads or tape guide,
and to prevent adjacent layers of recording tape from
sticking together, splicing tape uses a special
adhesive.(04.) .{D= Klebeband; Es= cinta para hacer
empalmes; F= ruban de montage}.
split screen .{E} * Two separate images within the frame of
a moving-image production, an effect accomplished on film
on an optical printer and on video by electronic means;
see also multiple image.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= pantalla dividida;
divisiones en la imagen; F= écran pour montage}.
spoking .{E} * A form of buckling on magnetic tape and
motion picture film in which the tape/film is deformed into
a shape that approximates a polygon.(46.) .{D= ?; Es=
efecto radial; F= déformation en polygone}.
sponsor .{E} * A person or corporate body who
209
commissions and/or finances the production of an audio
and/or moving-image work, usually for other than theatrical
exhibition, and almost always for furtherance of public
relations, or similar purposes.(12.) .{D= Sponsor;
Kommanditist; Gesellschafter; Es= coproductor;
patrocinador; anunciante; F= garant; commanditaire}.
Sponsor .{D} * see sponsor .{E}.
spool .{E} * 1) A roll with a flange on which strip film,
magnetic tape or wire is wound for handling. 2) The
resulting package; see also reel.(04.06.09.20.) .{D= Rolle;
Spule; Es= bobina; carrete; F= bobine; rouleau; tambour}.
spot d'analyse .{F} * see scanning beam .{E}.
spot ionique .{F} * see ion spot .{E}.
spot recording .{E} * see instantaneous recording.
spotting .{E} * 1) The process of listing the sound cues,
special effects, narration timing, etc., on a tape or film. 2)
The use of spotlights, as opposed to floodlights. 3) The
process of determining the precise location of individual
words or sounds on a film soundtrack, usually
accompanied by utilizing a moviola or sound reader.(10.)
4) The act of locating a specific point in an audio or
moving-image document for the purpose of avoiding
having to play unwanted materials or portions. .{D= ?; Es=
1) listado de sonidos y efectos especiales; 2) uso de
puntos de luz altos; 3 y 4) localización exacta de palabras
o sonidos en una banda sonora mediante moviola; F= 1)
listage des séquences son 2) utilisation de spots de
lumière 3) localisation d'évènements sonores 4) sélection
d'évènements sonores ou d'images vidéo indésirables}.
Sprechende Puppe .{D} * see talking doll record .{E}.
Sprechkopf .{D} * see recording head .{E}.
Sprechmaschine .{D} * see talking machine .{E}.
spröd .{D} * see brittle .{E}.
Sprödheit .{D} * see brittleness .{E}.
Sprossenschrift .{D} * see variable-density soundtrack .{E}.
Sprtizguß .{D} * see injection moulding .{E}.
Spule .{D} * see open reel .{E}; reel .{E}.
Spulengeräte .{D} * see reel to reel .{E}.
Spulstärke .{D} * see reel pack .{E}.
Spur .{D} * see track .{E}.
Spurfehler .{D} * see tracking error .{E}.
Spurlage .{D} * see track configuration .{E}.
square back .{E} * see flat back.
squeal .{E} * The audible noise caused by alternate
sticking and release of magnetic tape as it plays or runs
through equipment. May occur at heads, pressure pads, or
guides where friction develops with face or back side of
magnetic tape. Largely eliminated by regular cleaning of
suspected surfaces and using a tape employing a built-in
dry silicone lubricant. Generally caused by a deterioration
or loss of the lubricant in the coating of the tape or when
the tape is played in an excessively dry environment; see
also stick-lip.16. .{D= quietschen; pfeifen; Es= chillido; F=
crissement; cri percant}.
squib .{E} * A very small explosive charge in a capsule
which is used to simulate a gunshot or the like.30. .{D= ?;

Es= detonador; cebo eléctrico; mecha; F= pétard;
amorce}.
SS .{E} * acronym for single sided disc.
ST .{E} * acronym for single track.
stabilisant (d'attaque fongique) .{F} * see fungistat .{E}.
stabilisateurs .{F} * see stabilizers .{E}.
Stabilität .{D} * see stability .{E}.
stabilité chimique .{F} * see chemical stability .{E}.
stabilité de l'image .{F} * see image stability .{E}.
stabilité du colorant .{F} * see dye stability .{E}.
stabilité du colorant .{F}. see dye stability .{E}.
stabilité fixité{F} * see stability .{E}.
stability .{E} * The degree to which materials resist change
by the action of light, heat, or atmospheric gases; see also
chemical stability.(33.) .{D= Stabilität; Es= estabilidad; F=
stabilité}.
stacks .{E} * The storage area of a records centre, library,
or archive; also called strongrooms.22. .{D= Magazin/e;
Archivspeicher; Es= depósitos principales; espósito; F=
magasin de stockage; magasin; dépôt}.
staging .{E} * see conditioning.
stain .{E} * In photography, changes in minimum density
which occur in the dark; see also corrosion stain.05. .{D=
?; Es= mancha; F= étain}.
staining .{E} * The discolouration of an object. .{D= ?; Es=
decoloración; F= décoloration}.
stair step .{E} * A type of video test signal used to check
and adjust for Differential Gain. .{D= ?; Es= escalera;
peldaño; F= marche d'escalier; escalier modimé}.
Stammkopie .{D} * see master .{E}.
standard .{E} * The result of a particular standardization
effort, approved by a recognized authority. May take the
form of a (a) document containing a set of conditions to be
fulfilled.(04.) .{D= Standard; Es= estándar; norma; patrón;
modelo; F= norme; normal; règle}.
standard .{F} * see composite .{E}.
standard amplitude reference tape .{E} * A magnetic tape
that has been selected for given properties as a standard
for signal amplitude.46. .{D= Bezugsband; Testband; Es=
cita de referencia de amplitud estándar; F= bande de
référence d'amplitude normalisée}.
standard cassette .{E} * see cassette.
standard cylinder .{E} * A descriptive term, used beginning
c.1900, to distinguish between cylinders of 'normal size'
(e.g. 4½-inches in length, 2¼-inches in external diameter,
and a tapered internal diameter from 1 # to 1 #-inches)
and larger concert cylinders. After the term Gold Molded
.{sic!}was dropped and the 4-minute Amberol cylinder was
introduced the Edison 2-minute cylinder was identified as
the Standard Record. .{D= Standard Zylinder; ?; Es=
cilindro estándar; F= cylindre standard}.
standard deviation .{E} * see root-mean-square.
standard number .{E} * The International Standard Number
(ISN), e.g., International Standard Book Numbering
210
(ISBN), International Standard Record Numbering (ISRN),
the International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN), or any
other internationally agreed upon standard numbering
system that uniquely identifies an item. At this time there
is no standard number for moving-image materials,
although some items have been assigned an ISBN and
others have received a UPC.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= número
estándar; F= numéro standard}.
standard play (SP) .{E} * The two (2) hour speed on a VHS
videocassette recording when using a T120 cassette; see
also long play; super long play; triple play.(35.) .{D=
normalspiel; standardspiel; Es= duración estándar; modo
de reproducción estándar; F= durée standard}.
standard reference tape .{E} * A magnetic tape intended
for daily calibration, the performance of which has been
calibrated to the standard amplitude reference tape.46.
.{D= Bezugsband; Testband; Es= cinta de referencia
estándar; F= bande de référence normalisée}.
standard roll .{E} * A roll of 35-mm (1# in.) wide and 1000
ft (305 m) long motion picture film, weighing approximately
5 lb. (2.3 kg). The term is used in calculating the weight of
film.(34.) .{D= ?; Es= bobina [rollo] estándar; F= bobine
standard}.
standard Zylinder .{D} * see standard cylinder .{E}.
Standard .{D} * see reference; standard .{E}.
Standard Record .{D;E;Es;F} * The Edison trade name
for the 2-minute cylinder after their 4-minute cylinder was
introduced in 1908; ceased production in 1912. Standard
Record cylinders, Gold Molded .{sic!}cylinders, and
moulded cylinders from other companies are known today
as black wax cylinders.(14.)
Standardkonverter .{D} * see standards converter .{E}.
standards converter .{E} * In video recordings, equipment
to change a television picture from one scanning standard
to another.(06.) .{D= Standardkonverter; Transcoder; Es=
convertidor de normas; F= transcodeur}.
standardspiel .{D} * see standard play (SP) .{E}.
Standbild .{D} * see slide .{E}.
standing wave .{E} * see stationary wave.
Stange .{D} * see bay .{E}.
Stanze .{D} * see change-over cue .{E}.
Stärke .{D} * see thickness .{E}.
start .{Es} * see start mark .{E}.
start mark .{E} * Indication on an item (motion picture film,
sound recordings, etc.) from which it is possible to
synchronize playing of materials (i.e. synchronization of
sound and picture), in motion pictures usually entailing
Academy Leader which contains countdown frames.(06.)
.{D= Startmarkierung; Es= marca de inicio [comienzo];
start; F= marque de départ; repère de départ}.
start marks .{E} * see sync marks.
Startband .{D} * see leader .{E}.
starting rim .{E} * see rim.
Startmarkierung .{D} * see start mark .{E}.
statement of responsibility .{E} * In a bibliographic citation,
a statement relating to the identification and/or function of
any persons credited with participation in the creation

and/or production of the work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= informe
[declaración, memoria] de responsabilidad; F= exposition
de responsibilité}.
static coefficient .{E} * see coefficient of friction.
static deflection .{E} * The maximum distance a surface of
an optical disc deviates from the reference plane (mm) in
a static condition.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= deflexión estática; F=
déflexion statique}.
static marks .{E} * Black spots, streaks, or tree-like marks
produced on sensitive photographic materials made by
discharges of static electricity during handling or winding
and made visible by developing.(40.) .{D= ?; Es= marcas
de origen electrostático; F= marques d'origine
électrostatique (photo)}.
station .{E} * see broadcast station.
station .{F} * see network .{E}.
station de radiodiffusion ou de télédiffusion .{F} * see
broadcast station .{E}.
station émettrice .{F} * see broadcast station .{E}.
station terrestre .{F} * see earth station .{E}.
stationary wave .{E} * A single-frequency mode of
reverberation of a body or physical system in which the
amplitude varies from place to place, is constantly zero at
fixed points, and has maxima at other points; also known
as standing wave. .{D= stehende Welle; Es= onda
estacionaria; F= onde stationnaire}.
statique .{F} * see static .{E}.
Staubhülle .{D} * see dust jacket .{E}.
Steckdose .{D} * see plug .{E}.
Stecker .{D} * see plug .{E}.
steeling .{E} * see greying.
Steenbeck .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A well known brand of motion
picture film editing table. 2) A generic name for motion
picture film editing tables; see also moviola.30.
stehende Welle .{D} * see stationary wave .{E}.
Steigung .{D} * see pitch .{E}.
Steigung .{D} * see pitch .{E}.
Steigung .{D} * see threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E}.
Stelier .{D} * see studio .{D;E;F}.
step optical printer .{E} * see step printer.
step printer .{E} * An optical or contact film printer that
holds the source materials motionless during the printing
of each frame; known as a step optical printer.(10.) .{D= ?;
Es= copiadora de contacto; F= tireuse image par image;
tireuse par contact}.
step-and-repeat camera .{E} * A type of microfilm camera
used to produce microfiche that can expose a series of
separate images on an area of film according to a
predetermined format, usually in orderly rows and
columns, which is cut after processing to create
microfiche; see also planetary camera and rotary
camera.(40.22.) .{D= Mikrofiche-Kamera; Es= cámera de
microfichas; F= caméra pour microfiches}.
stepped pack .{E} * Multiple adjacent strands of film or
211
tape extending beyond the level of a tape/film pack; see
also popped strand. .{D= ?; Es= desplazamiento de cinta;
F= déplacement de ruban}.
stereo .{E} * 1) A stereophonic reproduction. 2) A
stereophonic sound system. .{D= ?; Es= estéreo;
estereofonía; F= stéréo}.
stéréo .{F} * see stereo .{E}.
Stereobilder .{D} * see stereogram .{E}.
stereogram .{E} * Pairs of photographs taken from slightly
different angles which, when viewed through a
stereoscope, are seen as a single picture seemingly
having depth or three dimensions.(22.) .{D=
Stereoskopbilder; Stereobilder; Es= estereografías; F=
stéréogramme}.
stéréogramme .{F} * see stereogram .{E}.
stereograph .{E} * A pair of opaque or transparent images
which produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed
with stereoscopic equipment.01. .{D= ?; Es= estereógrafo;
F= stéréographe}.
stereograph slide .{E} * see stereoscope slide.
stéréographe .{F} * see stereograph .{E}.
Stereophone Schallaufnahme .{D} * see stereophonic
sound .{E}.
Stereophone Wiedergabe .{D} * see stereophonic sound
.{E}.
stereophonic crosstalk .{E} * An undesired audio signal
occurring in the main channel from modulation of the
stereophonic channel or that occurring in the stereophonic
channel from modulation of the main channel.(04.) .{D=
Kanalübersprechen; Es= diafonía estereofónica; F=
diaphonie stéréophonique}.
stereophonic sound .{E} * 1) 'Dimensional' sound
reproduction achieved through the use of two or more
soundtracks recorded through microphones so placed as
to provide separation of sounds and heard simultaneously
through speakers arranged somewhat apart from each
other, according to the siz-mm film using magnetic
soundtracks can include as many as 6 separate sound
sources.30. .{D= Stereophonie; Stereophone
Schallaufnahme; Stereophone Wiedergabe; Es= sonido
estereofónico; F= son stéréophonique; relief sonore}.
Stereophonie .{D} * see stereophonic sound .{E}.
stereoscope .{E} * An optical device with two lenses,
enabling each eye to see a separate image of essentially
the same scene. The combined image seen by the two
gives the effect of three dimen-sions, as in normal
binocular vision.01. .{D= Stereoskop; Es= estereoscopio;
F= stéréoscope}.
stéréoscope .{F} * see stereoscope .{E}.
stereoscopic slide .{E} * A pair of positive photographic
slides made from negatives taken from two slightly
different viewpoints to give a three-dimensional effect
when viewed through a stereoscope. 19. .{D= ?; Es=
diapositiva estereoscópica; F= plaque stéréoscopique;
stéréograhpe}.
stéréoscopie .{F} * see stereoscopy .{E}.
stereoscopy .{E} * Photography using two separate
images, one for each eye, to recreate a sense of depth.
There are, however, many psychological and technical
problems. Hyperstereoscopy increases the distance

etween the cameras to more than the distance between
a human's eyes creating the illusion of depth where normal
eyes could not perceive it. Orthostereoscopy is normal
stereoscopic vision. Pseudoscopic stereoscopy reverses
the left image with the right creating complicated
physiological and psychological reactions.
Pseudostereoscopy is that technique which 2-dimensional
film uses to create the illusion of depth, since that sense
does not entirely depend on binocular vision, but also
utilizes a sense of chiaroscuro, movement around and
through the subject, perspective and colour; see also
holography.30. .{D= ?; Es= estereoscopía; F=
stéréoscopie}.
Stereoskop .{D} * see stereoscope .{E}.
Stereoskopbilder .{D} * see stereogram .{E}.
Steuer-Spur .{D} * see cue track .{E}.
Stich .{D} * see print .{E}.
Stichelnadelhalter .{D} Stichelhalter .{D} * see stylus bar
.{E}.
Stichwort .{D} * see keyword .{E}.
stick-slip .{E;F} * Generally a low-speed phenomenon, a
relationship between tension, temperature, humidity, wrap
angle, head material, binder material of tape, and the
elastic properties of the tape. When detected audibly, it is
described as 'squeal'; see also head stick.46. .{D= ?; Es=
chillido}.
sticking .{E} * see image retention.
sticktion .{E} * A term loosely used to describe the
phenomenon of magnetic tape adhering to transport
components such as heads or guides; see also head
stick.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= adherencia (cinta magnética); F=
adhérence (bande magnétique)}.
stiffness .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, resistance to
bending of the tape; a function of tape thickness and
modulus of elastici-ty.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= rigidez; F= raideur}.
still frame .{E} * A video production technique referring to
the process and electronic equipment used to reproduce
a single video frame. .{D= ?; Es= imagen fija; F= arrêt sur
image; image arrêtée; image fixe}.
still picture .{E} * see picture.
still-image .{E} * see picture.
stock .{E} * see filmstock.
stock shot .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, a library
shot, one which is literally taken from a library, such as
World War II shots, or jet planes in flight. Often a derisive
term meaning a common or unimaginative shot which
looks as if it might as well have been a library shot.(30.)
.{D= Archivaufnahme; Es= planos de recurso; F= 1)
document d'archives; 2) prise de vue archaïque}.
stockage .{F} * see storage .{E}.
stockage à plat .{F} * see flat-filing .{E}.
stockage des images .{F} * see image storage .{E}.
Stockflecken .{D} * see foxing .{E}.
stop .{D;E} * 1) In the photographic processing of silver
halide materials, the process of bathing photographic film
or paper in a mildly acidic solution to neutralize the alkaline
developer with which the materials are saturated upon
removal from the developing bath and arrest development
212
beyond a desired point. 2) The relationship between the
focal length of a lens and the effective diameter of its
aperture. An adjustable diaphragm permits any ordinary
photographic lens to be used at any stop within its range.
Sometimes used synonymously with f-number as in fstop.09.
.{F= 1) arrêt (bain d'arrêt); 2) ouverture
géométrique; Es= parada; interrupción; suspensión; alto;
paralización}.
stop bath .{E} * In the photographic processing of silver
halide materials, the mildly acidic solution used to
neutralize the alkaline developer with which the materials
are saturated upon removal from the developing bath; see
also stop.(09@) .{D= ?; Es= baño de paro; F= bain
d'arrêt}.
stop frame .{E} * 1) An optical printing effect in which a
single-frame image is repeated to appear stationary when
projected. 2) Camera exposure made one frame at a time
rather than by continuous running.09. .{D= ?; Es= parada
de imagen; F= image arrêtée; image fixe}.
stop-motion photography .{E} * A moving-image production
technique in which the camera operates one frame at a
time allowing objects to be adjusted between frames.30.
.{D= Einzelbildaufnahme; Es= rodaje imágen por imágen;
fotográma a fotográma; F= prise de vues image par
image}.
storage .{E} * 1) The facility used for storing materials. 2)
The erasable memory of a computer. 3) A device, such as
a disc or tape drive,used to hold data in a computer for
later retrieval.(04.) .{D= Lagerung; Es= almacenamiento;
almacén; depósito; F= stockage}.
storage environment .{E} * The physical conditions (i.e.,
tempera-ture, relative humidity, cleanliness of facilities and
atmosphere) for storing materials. .{D= Lagerbedingungen;
Es= condiciones de almacenamiento; F= conditions de
stockage}.
story board .{E;Es} * A useful device for illustrating the
vari-ous plans for a moving-image production to crew
members. The story board resembles a comic strip and
shows the planned camera movements and shot
divisions.(30.) .{D= Storyboard; Es= guión gráfico; guión
visualizado; F= scénario-maquette; conducteur visuel}.
Storyboard .{D} * see story board .{E}.
Strahl .{D} * see beam .{E}.
straight edge .{E} * A horizontal bar, often part of the main
top plate casting, found on many cylinder machines, set in
front of and parallel to the revolving cylinder and along
which the carrier-arm rested and traveled. On some early
machines, (e.g. Edison) the straight-edge was adjustable
by end screws.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= filo [borde] recto; regla; F=
axe d'entraînement; sans ambages}.
straight line .{E} * The portion of the characteristic curve
where the slope does not change, because the rate of
density for a given log exposure is constant or linear.-09.
.{D= ?; Es= línea recta; F= ligne droite (de la
caractéristique de densité)}.
straight line tracking .{E} * A method of moving a
phonograph tone arm linearly across a record through the
use of a servo motor, as opposed to the normal pivotal
arrangement. .{D= ?; Es= seguimiento de pista [surco]
lineal; F= bras linéaire}.
Strehl ratio .{E} * In optical media, the peak irradiance of a
real spot divided by the peak irradiance of an aberration
free (ideal) spot.46. .{D= ?; Es= cociente de Strehl; F=
rapport de Strehl (optique)}.
stretch .{E} * A defect in film and tape materials in which

the carrier elongates longitudinally, causing a longitudinal
blur in image materials and distorting of the soundtrack in
audio materials. In film-based image materials can be
caused by poor synchronization between the film and the
original in rotary cameras, or between the two film surfaces
in continuous print-ing.(01.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) cámara lenta;
movimiento retardado; 2) estiramiento; alargamiento; F=
allongement; expansion; étiremen}.
strip .{E} * 1) Part of a wide roll of manufactured film slit to
its final width for motion picture use. 2) To remove
insulation from a wire. 3) A series of comic cartoons,
usually in a series of horizontal rectangles. 4) To remove
computer codes from memory. 5) To separate an
electroplating from its mold.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= 1) cinta; tira;
2) baño de eliminación; 3) tira cómica (periódicos); F= 1)
barrette 2) dénuder (fil électrique) 3) série de dessins
animés}.
strip-up .{E} * A technique used for the production of
microfiche in which short lengths of roll film are attached in
rows to a transparent support, which is then used as a
master.40. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de producción de
microfichas; F= ?}.
stripe .{E} * A narrow band of magnetic coating or
developing solution applied to a length of motion picture
film.09. .{D= ?; Es= recubrimiento (magnético o en
disolución); F= piste son (magnétique ou optique) de la
pellicule; raie}.
stroboscope .{E;F} * A device with a high intensity flashing
light whose flashes may be adjusted to a frequency equal
to a multiple or submultiple of the rotation of the equipment
under observation, used to measure rotation. Such a light
can be used to illuminate a disc which has bars or spots
on it; when the time between the light flashes is a multiple
of the period of the rotating disc the disappears to be at
rest. Stroboscopes must be used in conjunction with the
cycles of the local alternating light current. For example, in
the U.S. a phonograph stroboscope needs 45 black bars
to function at 60 cycles to accurately test the playing
speed, while 37 black bars will give a close British figure at
50 cycles of alternating current. Some recordings have
included stroboscopes as part-RPM at 60 cycles
alternating current.(04.14.) .{D= Stroboskop; Stroboskopie;
Stroboskopeffekt; Es= estroboscopio; stroboskopie; F=
saccade d'images}.
Stroboskop .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.
Stroboskopeffekt .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.
stroboskopie .{Es} * see stroboscope .{E}.
Stroboskopie .{D} * see stroboscope .{E}.
Stromkreislauf .{D} * see circuit .{E;F}.
strongroom .{E} * see stack.
Stück .{D} * see item .{E}.
studio .{D;E;F} * The name of a place where audio and/or
moving-image productions are made.(12.) .{D= Stelier;
Es= estudio}.
stummscholfen .{D} * see mute .{E}.
stylus .{E} * A small instrument that either 1) engraved a
varying groove on a record (known as a recording stylus or
a cutting stylus) or 2) tracked the groove for replaying the
recorded signal (known as reproducing stylus). The
recording stylus could be sharp, chisel, or cupped shaped.
The reproducing stylus could be conical, elliptical,
rounded, or button shaped; also referred to as a
needle.(04.) .{D= 1) Schneidstichel; 2) Abtastnadel; Nadel;
Es= aguja de lectura ( discos fonográficos); F= outil
213
graveur; pointe de lecture; style}.
stylus bar .{E} * The part of an acoustic recorder,
reproducer, or sound box to which the stylus was fitted and
which was fixed directly to, or through linkage to the
diaphragm.(14.) .{D= Stichelnadelhalter; Stichelhalter; Es=
soporte [brazo] de la aguja de un tocadiscos; F= support
pointe}.
stylus drag .{E} * In groove media, the force resulting from
friction between the surface of the recording medium and
the playback stylus.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= roce de la punta
(sobre la superficie del disco fonográfico); F= frottement
pointe / disque; frottement de l'aiguille}.
stylus force .{E} * The vertical or downward force the
pickup (with stylus) applies to the record groove,
expressed in grams.(04.) .{D= Auflagekraft; Es= fuerza de
apoyo [presión] de la aguja (sobre la superficie de un
disco fonográfico); F= force d'appui}.
sub-code .{E} * On a CD, encoded data that contains
definable information such as track number, duration of
selection, copy inhibit, copyright, etc.(39.) .{D= ?; Es=
subcódigo; F= sous-code}.
sub-header .{E} * A field on digital media indicating the
type of data in a sector. .{D= ?; Es= subcampo; F= sous
en-tête}.
subarrido .{Es} * see underscan .{E}.
subbing .{E} * A clear coating that facilitates adhesion
between an emulsion and a film or tape base.(01.) .{D= ?;
Es= subcapa de fijación; F= sous couche de fixation}.
subcampo .{Es} * see sub-header .{E}.
subcapa de fijación .{Es} * see subbing .{E}.
subcarrier .{E} * see colour subcarrier. .{D= ?; Es=
subportadora; onda portadora intermedia; F= sousporteuse
couleur (vid}.
subcarrier horizontal phasing .{E} * The phase relationship
in a video signal between the colour subcarrier and
horizontal sync. .{D= ?; Es= subportadora de fase
horizontal; F= phase de la sous porteuse horizontale}.
subcódigo .{Es} * see sub-code .{E}.
subdesviación (del haz explorador) .{Es} * see underscan
.{E}.
subexposición .{Es} * see under-exposure .{E}.
subjective camera .{E} * A moving-image production style
which allows the viewer to observe events from the same
viewpoint and in the same manner as the protagonist.
Compare point-of-view shot.30. .{D= ?; Es= cámara
subjetiva (toma desde el punto de visión del personaje);
F= caméra subjective; caméra prenant la place de la
personne}.
sublimado .{Es} * see sublimate .{E}.
sublimate .{E} * To cause water to pass directly from the
frozen state into vapour without entering the liquid
state.31. .{D= ?; Es= sublimado; F= sublimer}.
sublimer .{F} * see sublimate .{E}.
subordinado (cuerpo) .{Es} * see subordinate body .{E}.
subordinate body .{E} * A corporate body that forms an
integral part of a larger body in relation to which it holds an
inferior hierarchical rank.03. .{D= ?; Es= (cuerpo)
subordinado; F= subordonné}.

subordonné .{F} * see subordinate body .{E}.
subportadora .{Es} * see subcarrier .{E}.
subportadora cromática .{Es} * see colour under .{E};
colour subcarrier .{E}.
subportadora de fase horizontal .{Es} * see subcarrier
horizontal phasing .{E}.
subsanación .{Es} * see repairing .{E}.
substance neutralisante .{F} * see buffer .{E}.
substitution microfilming .{E} * see disposal microfilming.
substrat .{F} * see substrate .{E}.
substrate .{E} * 1) The material upon which a device is
constructed and supported. A CD uses a polycarbonate
substrate; magnetic tape uses a polyester substrate.(39.)
.{D= Träger; Trägermaterial; Es= sustrato; F= substrat}.
subtítulo .{Es} * see caption .{E}; parallel title .{E}.
subtítulo (de la serie) .{Es} * see parallel series title .{E}.
subtractive colour .{E} * In motion-picture film, the
formation of colours by the removal of selected portions of
the white light spectrum by transparent filters or dye
images.(09.) .{D= subtractives Farbverfahren; Es= sistema
sustractivo de color; F= couleur par soustraction; couleurs
primaires soustractives; soustractif}.
subtractive printing .{E} * A method of printing in colour
motion-picture film processing in which the change in the
relative amounts of red, green, and blue are made by
inserting colour correcting filters in the light path between
the light source and the printing aperture. Used primarily
for making the multiple copies of release prints after the
answer print has been made and approved. Subtractive
printing is very difficult on that film which requires a great
deal of scene-to-scene colour corrections because a new
filter pack must somehow be physically inserted in the light
beam for every correction; see also additive printing.(09.)
.{D= ?; Es= impresión sustractiva; F= tirage soustractif}.
subtractives Farbverfahren .{D} * see subtractive colour
.{E}.
successive approximation register (SAR) .{E} * A type of
analogue-to-digital converter using a digital-to-analogue
converter to determine the output word successively, bit by
bit.39. .{D= ?; Es= registro de aproximación sucesiva; F=
régistre par approximations successives}.
sucesión .{Es} * see series (1) .{E}.
sucesión en la propiedad de un archivo .{Es} * see archival
succession .{E}.
suivi de piste .{F} * see auto tracking .{E}.
suivi de piste .{F} * see tracking .{D;E}.
suivi de piste à trois faisceaux .{F} * see three-beam
tracking .{E}.
suivi de piste avec spot unique .{F} * see single-beam
tracking .{E}.
suivi de point .{F} * see follow focus .{E}.
sumario .{Es} * see summary .{E}.
sumidero .{Es} * see sump .{E}.
summary .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a short,
214
accurate, and objective written description of the contents
of a work.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= sumario; resumen; cuadro
sinóptico; F= sommaire}.
sump .{E} * A pit built into a basement floor to collect
casual water.31. .{D= ?; Es= sumidero; F= puisard}.
sump pump .{E} * A pump installed permanently in or
above a sump and designed to act automatically to remove
water from it.31. .{D= ?; Es= bomba de sumidero; F=
pompe}.
super .{E;F} * An electronic procedure where two scenes
are superimposed over each other in videotape production.
2) It is also the electronic superimposition of electronic
graphics such as fonts. .{D= ?; Es= superimposición; F=
enchaîné (superimposition)}.
super long play (SLP) .{E} * The six (6) hour speed on a
VHS videocassette recording when using a T120 cassette;
see also standard play; long play.(35.) .{D= ?; Es=
superlarga duración; F= très longue durée}.
super-VHS (S-VHS) .{E;Es;F} * The result of ann
improvement in tape oxide using a metal particle tape that
gives a cleaner picture and a better signal-to-noise ratio.
It is capable of reproducing high resolution than a standard
VHS. .{D= ?}.
superficie de la imagen .{Es} * see image area .{E}.
superficie elemental de imagen .{Es} * see picture element
(PIXEL) .{E}.
superficie vertical de un disco .{Es} * see edge (1) .{E}.
superimposición .{Es} * see super .{E}.
superlarga duración .{Es} * see super long play (SLP) .{E}.
Superorticón .{Es} * see image orthicon (IO) .{E}.
Superortinoscopio .{Es} * see image orthicon (IO) .{E}.
superposición .{Es} * see burned in .{E}.
superposición transparente .{Es} * see bleed through .{E}.
superposición-inversión (de imágenes) .{Es} * see
montage .{E;F}.
suplemento .{Es} * see supplement .{E}.
suport film .{F} * see film base .{E}.
supplement .{E} * An item, usually issued separately, that
complements one already published by bringing up-to-date
or otherwise continuing the original or by containing a
special feature not included in the original. The
supplement has a formal relationship with the original as
expressed by common authorship, a common title or
subtitle, and/or a stated intention to continue or
supplement the original.03. .{D= ?; Es= suplemento; F=
supplément}.
supplément .{F} * see supplement .{E}.
supplied title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a title
provided by the cataloguer/compiler when an item has no
title, and no title can be identified from any other
source.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título sugerido [provisional]; F=
titre fournir}.
support .{E} * see base support .{E}.
support .{F} * see base; medium (media) .{E}.
support (machine cylindre) .{F} * see top plate .{E}.

support (ruban) .{F} * see backing .{E}.
support acétate .{F} * see acetate base .{E}.
support d'émulsion .{F}. see film base .{E}.
support plastique .{F} * see plasticizer; plastic support .{E}.
support pointe .{F} * see stylus bar .{E}.
support sonore mécanique .{F} * see mechanical sound
carrier .{E}.
suppression .{F} * see blanking .{E}.
suppression de rayure rayur{F} * see scratch removal .{E}.
suppression de trame .{F} * see vertical blanking .{E}.
suppression horizontale de lignes .{F} * see horizontal
blanking .{E}.
suppression verticale .{F} * see vertical blanking .{E}.
supresion de rasguños .{Es} * see scratch removal .{E}.
supresión de arañazos [rasguños] .{Es} * see scratch
removal .{E}.
supresión vertical del haz .{Es} * see vertical blanking .{E}.
suramplificateur .{F} * see booster .{E}.
surbalayage .{F} * see overscan .{E}.
surcharge .{F} * see overload .{E}.
surco .{Es} * see groove .{E}.
surco de paso variable .{Es} * see variable groove pitch
.{E}.
surco excéntrico .{Es} * see eccentric groove .{E}.
surco lineal .{Es} * see straight line tracking .-sampling
.{E}.
surexposition .{F} * see over-exposure .{E}.
surface d'image .{F} * see image area .{E}.
surface imprint .{E} * The transfer of material from the
packaging containing a recording to the surface of the
recording itself due to high contact stress (caused by high
temperatures, wrinkled or uneven surfaces of the
packaging material, or improper and uneven storage
pressure). This can result in poor playback because the
transferred material may interfere with stylus tracking.04.
.{D= Oberflächen- Eindruckmarken; Es= impresión
(superficial) por transferencia; F= empreinte par transfert}.
surface noise .{E} * In playback of groove media, the noise
component in the electric output of a pickup (cartridge) due
to irregularities in the contact surface of the grooves. Can
be caused by many factors including dust and foreign
particles in the groove, use of improper stylus and pickup,
poor manufacture, wear on the groove caused by previous
improper playback, etc.(04.) .{D= Oberflächenstörungen;
Es= ruido de superficie (aguja tocadiscos); F= bruit de
surface}.
surface sensible .{F} * see emulsion .{D;E}.
surface treatment .{E} * Any process by which the surface
smoothness of magnetic tape coating is improved after it
has been applied to the base.(46.) .{D=
Oberflächenbehandlung; Es= tratamiento superficial; F=
215
traitement de surface}.
surmodulation .{F} * see overmodulation .{E}.
surrealism .{E} * 1) A film and painting style during the
1920s which is either vaguely fan-tastic or distorted.(30.)
.{D= ?; Es= surrealismo; F= surréalisme}.
surréalisme .{F} * see surrealism .{E}.
surrealismo .{Es} * see surrealism .{E}.
survolteur .{F} * see booster .{E}.
suspensión .{Es} * see stop .{D;E}.
sustancia antiestática .{Es} * see antistatic element .{E}.
sustancia neutralizante .{Es} * see buffer (2) .{E}.
sustituto del acetato de celulosa para grabaciones
cilíndricas .{Es} * see cellulose nitrate (2) .{E}.
sustrato .{Es} * see substrate .{E}.
sustrato reflectante entre los agujeros pequeños de la
superficie de los CD .{Es} * see land .{E}.
swarf .{E} * The threads of waste material removed from a
cylinder or disc blank record face by the recording stylus
or, in the case of wax materials, the shaving; see also
chip.(04.14.) .{D= ?; Es= virutas (metálicas); limaduras de
hierro; F= copeau}.
swelling of the emulsion .{E} * An absorption of water by
an emulsion resulting in a swelling or rising of the emulsion
in that area; see also water spot-est.42. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F=
?}.
swing-arm .{E} * see end gate.
swish pan .{E} * Also called flick pan, zip pan. A pan in
which the intervening scenery is panned past too quickly
to be observed. It best approximates psychologically the
action of the human eye as it moves from one subject to
another.30. .{D= ?; Es= panorámica rápida; F=
panoramique rapide; panoramique filé}.
switcher .{E} * An electronic device in video production that
allows video sources to be combined. Switchers come in
varying degrees of sophistication from a simple switcher
capable of only cuts to switchers capable of dissolves, and
manipulating the actual elements of the picture. .{D= ?;
Es= conmutador; interruptor; conmutador-mezclador; F=
pupitre de mélange vidéo; ingénieur de la vision;
truquiste}.
symbol .{E} * 1) A letter or simplified design used to
represent words or components in schematics and
formulas. 2) In CDs, the basic unit of digitized data, parity,
and subcode data; initially 8 bits long, it is expanded to 17
(14 + 3) bits by 8-to-14 modulation.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=
símbolo; F= symbole}.
symbole .{F} * see symbol .{E}.
sync .{E} * abbreviation for synchronization, synchronous,
etc.
sync advance .{E} * The number of film frames the sound
precedes the picture.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= avance de
sincronización; F= avance son}.
sync head .{E} * On a videotape deck, the head which
plays the sync signal to "fill in" the vertical interval caused
by the small gap in the tape wrap around the head drum
assembly. .{D= ?; Es= cabeza de sincronización; F= tête
de synchronisation}.

sync leader .{E} * A length of film leader that contains
numbers indicating the number of seconds until the
beginning of a picture; usually refers to an Academy
leader.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= guía de sincronización; F= amorce
de synchronisation}.
synchronisation de bobines .{F} * see synchronization;
sync roll .{E}.
synchronisation des trames couleur .{F} * see colour
framing .{E}.
synchronisation externe .{F} * see external sync .{E}.
synchronisation labiale .{F} * see lip sync .{E}.
Synchronisation .{D} * see dubbing .{E}.
synchroniser .{F} * see synchronize .{E}.
synchroniseur de trame audio .{F} * see audio frame
synchronizer; audio synchronizer .{E}.
synchroniseur son .{F} * see audio synchronizer .{E}.
synchronisieren .{D} * see synchronize .{E}.
Synchronisierung .{D} * see synchronization .{E}.
synchronization .{E} * 1) In moving-image productions, the
positioning of a soundtrack so that it is in harmony with,
and timed to, the picture portion of a movingimage.(09.06.)
2) The process of maintaining common
timing and coordination between two or more operations,
events, or processes, under the control of CD-ROM.10.
.{D= Synchronisierung; Es= sincronización; F=
synchronisation}.
synchronization field .{E} * In CD-ROM and CD-I, the first
12 bytes of a sector containing synchronization
information.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= campo de sincronización; F=
données de synchronisation; synchronisation}.
synchronization pattern .{E} * A distinctive pattern in a
transmitted waveform, used to establish
synchronization.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= norma [pauta] de
sincronización; F= profil de synchronisation}.
synchronization signals .{E} * In CD-I, realtime software
interrupts, often generated by a device driver during
hardware interrupt processing when a predefined condition
has been met.(10.) .{D= ?; Es= señales de sincronización;
F= signals de synchronisation; ?}.
synchronize .{E} * To make sound correspond to a picture
on film. 2) To lock one element of a system to
another.(10.) .{D= synchronisieren; Es= sincronizar; F=
synchroniser}.
synchronizing (sync) generator .{E} * The piece of
electronic equipment that produces the synchronizing
signals, such as horizontal and vertical blanking, horizontal
and vertical sync, colour burst, etc., as well as test signals
that are used in the set up of video equipment. .{D= ?; Es=
generador de señales de sincronismo; F= générateur de
signaux de synchronisation}.
synchronous .{E} * A simultaneously timed operation in
which a master clock is used to control events.39. .{D=
synchron; Es= sincrónico; síncrono; F= synchrone}.
synchronous sound .{E} * In moving-image productions
audio whose source is visible in the frame of the image or
whose source is understandable from the context of the
image; see also asynchronous sound.30. .{D=
Synchronton; Es= sonido sincrónico; F= son synchrone}.
Synchronpuls .{D} * see sync pulse .{E}.
216
Synchronton .{D} * see synchronous sound .{E}.
syndrome du vinaigre .{F} * see vinegar syndrome .{D;E}.
synopsis adaptation{F} * see treatment .{E}.
Synopsis .{D} * see treatment .{E}.
syntagma .{E;F} * A semiological term: a unit of actual
relationship. Syntagmatic relationships exist between the
actual or present elements of a state-ment in film.
Contrasted with paradigm, a unit of potential
relationship.30. .{D= ?; Es= sintagma; F= syntagme ?}.
synthèse additive .{couleur} .{F} * see additive colour .{E}.
system .{E} * For audiovisual media, a combination of the
audiovisual media and the necessary hardware and
software necessary to retrieve the recorded information.
.{D= ?; Es= sistema; F= système}.
system noise .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, the total
noise produced by the whole recording system, including
the tape.46. .{D= Systemrrauschen; Es= ruido del sistema;
F= bruit du système}.
système .{F} * see system .{E}.
système à changement de phase .{F} * see phase change
medium .{E}.
système anaglyphe .{F} * see anaglyphic process .{E}.
système catadioptrique .{F} * see t channel .{E}.
système catadioptrique .{F} see catoptric system .{E} ** ==
catadioptr-real-time operating system (CD-RTOS) .{D;E}.
système d'exposition automatique de précision (système
APEX) .{F} * see automatic precision exposure system
(apex system) .{E}.
système de blocage des ions .{F} * see ion trap .{E}.
système de conversion .{F} * see combination attachment
.{E}.
système de désentrelacement .{F} * see descrambler .{E}.
système de désentrelacement .{F}. see descrambler .{E}.
système de distribution contrôlé .{F} * see distributive
control system(DCS) .{E}.
système de distribution contrôlé .{F}. see distributive
control system(DCS) .{E}.
système de prise de vue .{F} * see moving-image materials
.{E}.
système de réception .{F} * see receiving system .{E}.
système de réduction de bruit .{F} * see noise-suppression
system .{E}.
système de renforcement des basses .{F} * see bass
boost .{E}.
système de reproduction .{F} * see reproducer .{E}.
système de télévision à résolution améliorée (EDTV) .{F}
* see Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) .{E}.
système de télévision à résolution améliorée (EDTV) .{F}.
see Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) .{E}.
système de télévision par câble .{F} * see cable antenna
television system .{E}.

système de transmission multicanaux par câble .{F} * see
augmented channel system .{E}.
système entrée/sortie de base .{F} * see basic input/output
system .{E}.
système protégé .{F} * see authoring system .{E}.
Systemhalterung .{D} * see head shell .{E}.
Systemrrauschen .{D} * see system noise .{E}.
Szene .{D} * see scene .{E}.
t ---
t channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present allocated to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal t; F= canal t}.
T.V.-Film .{D} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.
t-number .{E} * see f-number.
t-stop .{E;F} * A lens marking which indicates the true light
transmission of the lens at a given aperture instead of the
approxi-mate light transmission indicated by the
conventional f-stop marking; see also f-number.09. 30.
.{D= ?; Es= parada t; F= t-stop ? (opt)}.
tabla de concordancias .{Es} * see concordance .{E}.
tabla redonda de grabaciones audiovisuales .{Es} * see
Round Table on Audiovisual Records .{E}.
table de concordance .{F} * see concordance .{E}.
table de concordancias .{Es} * see concordance .{E}.
table de montage .{F} * see editing table .{E}.
table des matières .{F} * see table of contents (TOC) .{E}.
table lumineuse .{F} * see light table .{E}.
table model phonograph/gramophone .{E} * see enclosed
horn phonograph/gramophone.
table of contents (TOC) .{E} * 1) A listing of the contents of
a given work. 2) Non-audio sub-code data contained in the
lead-in area of a CD which stores initialization data,
including track and time information, and is read during
initialization.39. .{D= ?; Es= índice de materias; F= table
des matières}.
table ronde sur les enregistrements audiovisuels .{F} * see
Round Table on Audiovisual Records .{E}.
tableau de numérotage .{F} * see slate .{E}.
tableau de raccordement .{F} * see patch panel .{E}.
tablette .{F} * see shelf .{E}.
tache .{F} * see blemish .{E}.
tache (orange) .{F} * see microspots .{E}.
taché (film) .{F} * see mottled .{E}.
tâche lumineuse .{F} * see smear .{E}.
taches de rouille .{F} * see foxing .{E}.
tacking iron .{E} * A small, light-weight iron with an
adjustable thermostatic control used to heat and melt dry
mount or heat-set tissue.07. .{D= ?; Es= espátula de calor;
F= résistance chauffante}.
217
tactile materials .{E} * Materials with raised symbols and/or
differently textured surfaces that are intended for use by
the visually impaired.03. .{D= ?; Es= materiales táctiles
(concebidos especialmente para ciegos); F= matérials
tactiles}.
tail .{E} * 1) The bottom of a book or cassette as it sits
upright, usually implying the very edge of the covers and
spine. 2) The end of a piece of tape or film. 3) A ghost
image or pulse in a television picture or signal; also called
an afterimage; see also head and tail. .{D= 1) ?; 2)
Bandende; Ende; Bolt; 3) ?; Es= 1) cabeza; cabezada; 2)
extremo (fin de una cinta); 3) derivación; F= amorce de fin;
extrémité; trainée; 1 & 2) extremité; 3) ?}.
taille .{F} * see disk size .{E}.
taille des particules .{F} * see particle size .{E}.
tails out .{D;E} * A tape recording or reel of film that is
stored after recording or playback without being rewound,
i.e. with the tail-end of the tape/film outermost on the reel;
see also heads out.(04.) .{F= à l'envers (pieds dehors);
Es= cinta guardada sin rebobinar}.
take .{D;E} * 1) In the making of a recording, a specific
recorded performance. Sound recording manufacturers
normally assign a different indicator to each take
(sometimes indicated in the matrix number of the
published disc or cylinder sound recording, but not in the
catalogue or issue numbers). Hence, the matrix number of
such a sound recording will often indicate whether a
reissue of an earlier recording is actually the same or a
different take. One or more takes are done of each shot on
the set. One of these is then chosen to be the shot used in
the fine cut of the film.(30.) 2) A length of film or videotape,
often one of several similar shots. 3) In a moving-image
production, a cut from one camera to another. 4) A
director's command to cut, as "take one;" also called a
direct take. 5) In videotape programme production, a
segment of the total programme recorded in time isolation
from other segments for later assembly into the complete
programme.(10.) .{F= prise (de son); prise sur un
tournage; 2) prise de vues; Es= 1) toma; escena; 2)
duración de una cinta; 3) corte de una cámara a otra; 4)
toma buena [directa]}.
take-up reel .{E} * The reel of the tape recorder which
accumulates the tape as it is recorded or played.(50.) .{D=
Aufwickelspule; Es= bobina receptora; bobina de recogida
[arrollamiento]; F= bobine enrouleuse; bobine réceptrice}.
take-up tension .{E} * The tension or pulling force which
the take-up reel applies to the tape as it leaves the
capstan/pinch roller area of a tape recorder.04. .{D=
Aufwickelbandzug; Es= tensión de rebobinado; F= tension
de bobine réceptrice}.
talent .{E} * The term used in television to identify those in
front of the camera; also known as cast.(12.) .{D= ?; Es=
reparto; elenco (de artistas); F= acteur (face à la caméra);
artiste; la distribution}.
talker .{E} * see talking machine.
talkeries .{E} * see talking machine. .{D= ?; Es= máquinas
parlantes; F= machines parlantes}.
talking doll record .{E} * A white or brown wax cylinder
recording used by Edison in 1888 and 1889 as the voice
producer for a child's doll, believed to have been the first
commercial use of a sound recording. .{D= Sprechende
Puppe; Es= muñeca cilíndrica parlante; F= cylindre
poupée parlante}.
tambor .{Es} * see drum .{E}.
tambor (escáner) .{Es} * see headwheel .{E}.

tambour .{F} * see drum; headwheel .{E}.
tambour de tête .{F} * see scanner .{E}.
tambour porte-têtes .{F} * see headwheel .{E}.
tambour presseur .{F} * see pressure roller .{E}.
tape .{E} * see magnetic tape.
tape cassette .{E} * see cassette.
tape deck .{E} * A magnetic tape recorder designed for use
in built-in high fidelity music systems. Generally encased
in a metal case rather than a carrying case. The
electronics usually consist of record amplifiers and
playback pre-amplifier.50. .{D= Tonbandgerät; Es= platina
(magnetofónica); F= platine; platine d'enregistrement}.
tape drive .{E} * see tape transport.
tape guides .{E} * Grooved pins or rollers mounted at each
side of the recording tape head assembly to position the
magnetic tape correctly on the head as it is being recorded
or played.16. .{D= Bandführungen; Es= guías de la cinta;
F= tige-guide du ruban; guide band; guide de bande}.
tape head .{E} * see head.
tape hiss .{E} * see hiss.
tape index counter .{E} * A counter used mostly to aid in
referring to a particular portion of tape.(50.) .{D=
Bandzählwerk; Es= contador índice de cinta; F= compteur
de défilement; indicateur de défiment}.
tape label .{E} * see label.
tape lifter .{E} * A system of movable guides which
automatically diverts tape from contact with the recorder's
heads during fast forward or rewinding modes of
operation.16. .{D= Bandabhebung; Es= levantador de la
cinta; F= écarteur de bande}.
tape mark .{E} * A special control block recorded on
magnetic tape to serve as a separator between files and
file labels.46. .{D= ?; Es= marca (registrada) en la cinta;
F= marque de bande}.
tape pack .{E} * The degree of tightness with which
magnetic tape is wound on a reel or core.(10.) .{D=
Bandwickel; Es= rollo de cinta; F= serrage de la bande}.
tape player .{E} * A piece of equipment to play prerecorded
tape.16. .{D= Bandspieler; Es= reproductor de
cinta (magnetofónica); F= magnétophone}.
tape recording .{E} * see audiotape; videotape.
tape setting .{E} * 1) In motion picture film production, the
control of light values while printing film by using a
perforated paper tape; see also trim setting.09. .{D= ?; Es=
control de los valores de luminosidad de una cinta
mediante papel perforado; F= contrôle de lumière pendant
tirage film sur papier}.
tape skew .{E} * The deviation of a tape from following a
linear path when transported across the heads. The terms
'static' and 'dynamic' are used to distinguish the physically
fixed and fluctuating components of total tape
skew.(06.46.) .{D= Skew; Es= distorsion oblicua; F=
déviation de la bande; distorsion de l'image}.
tape speed .{E} * The speed at which tape moves past the
head in recording or playback modes. Standard tape
speed for home use is 7½-IPS/19.05-CM/S or half this
speed (3#-IPS/9.5 CM/S). One fourth or even one eighth
this speed is also used for low-fi recordings, and if used for
218
music recordings it utilizes a special high quality tape, and
generally only for home use.(16.) .{D=
Bandgeschwindigkeit; Es= velocidad de avance [recorrido,
deslizamiento] de la cinta; F= vitesse de ruban; vitesse de
défilement de la bande bande; vitesse de bande}.
tape splice .{E} * see splice.
tape splicer .{E} * A semi-automatic or automatic device
used for splicing tape.50. .{D= Bandklebemaschine; Es=
empalmador de cinta (operario); F= collant; colleuse à
"scotch"}.
tape squeal .{E} * The sonic distortion which may occur in
playback of a tape recording which has a deterioration or
loss of the lubricant in its coating, causing friction as the
tape passes over the playback head of the machine; also
caused by playing the tape in a excessively dry
environment.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= chillido de la cinta; F=
crissement}.
tape transport .{E} * 1) The head assembly, motor(s), and
control mechanisms in a tape recorder, tape player, or
computer which uses magnetic tape as its data storage
system which move the magnetic tape past the heads. The
mechanism extracts tape from a storage device, moves it
across magnetic heads at a controlled speed and then
feeds it into another storage device. Typical storage
devices are tape loops, bins, reels, and magazines (i.e.
cassettes and cartridges-amplifiers, power amplifiers,
speakers or carrying case.50. .{D= Bandtransport; Es=
arrastre [transporte] de la cinta; F= défilement de la bande;
mécanisme d'entraînement de la bande}.
tape weave .{E} * A condition in which recording tape
makes unwanted up and down movement as it passes the
head; may be caused by improper tape slitting, poor
transport mechanical alignment, worn heads or tape
guides, or improper winding of the tape before
storage.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= ondulación de la cinta; F=
ondulation de la band}.
tape-to-head separation .{E} * The separation between a
magnetic head and the magnetic tape caused by 1) the foil
bearing effect, 2) improper head contour, which generates
standing waves in the tape, and/or 3) surface roughness
of the tape surface. These conditions are interrelated and
are greatly influenced by tape tension and tape
compliancy. In a properly designed system, tape
roughness is the limit of head-to-tape separation, usually
less than 10 #m.46. .{D= mangelnder Band-Kopf-Kontakt;
Es= separación entre cabeza y cinta; F= écartement têtebande}.
tape-to-head separation changes .{E} * Variations in the
distance between the tape head and the tape in magnetic
tape recording. May be caused by such as 1) head
contamination (i.e., debris attached to the head which
causes the tape to lift away from the head) or 2) tape
contamination (i.e., particles attached to the tape which
causes the tape to lift away from the head).(46. ) .{D=
Band-Kopf-ontaktprobleme; Es= cambios en la separación
entre cabeza y cinta; F= variations d'écartement têtebande}.
tapeography .{E} * see discography.
target .{E} * In microphotography, 1) any document or
chart containing identification information, coding, or test
charts. 2) An aid to technical or bibliographic control that
is photographed on the film preceding and/or following the
document.40.(22.) 3) The face of a video pick up tube that
is scanned by its electron beam. .{D= Vorspann; Es= 1 y
2) cartela; ficha técnica; 3) objetivo; F= mire; cible;
objectif}.
tarjeta de abertura .{Es} * see aperture card .{E}.

tarjeta de la prueba neutra .{Es} * see neutral test card
.{E}.
tarjeta J .{Es} * see j card .{E}.
tarnish .{E} * In photography, a discolouration of silver
images by the formation of silver sulphide. Colours range
from blue-black to yellow-brown and occur most frequently
on areas of high silver content.(42.) .{D= ?; Es= deslustre;
decoloración; F= ternissure}.
taulen .{D} * see wow .{E}.
Taupunkt .{D} * see dew point .{E}.
taux d'échantillonnage .{F} * see sampling rate .{E}.
taux d'éclatement .{F} * see burst ratio .{E}.
taux d'erreur sur les blocs .{F} * see block error rate
(BLER) .{E}.
taux d'erreurs sur les bits .{F} * see bit error rate (BER)
.{E}.
TCC .{E} * acronym for Technical Coordinating Committee;
see Round Table on Audiovisual Records. {D= ?; Es=
acrónimo de Integración de Compresión Temporal; F= ?}.
tearing resistance .{E} * The force required to tear a
specimen under standardized conditions. In archival work,
the two most important measures of tearing resistance are:
1) internal (or continuing) tearing resistance, where the
edge of the sheet is cut before the actual tear is made; and
2) edge tearing resistance, i.e., the resistance offered by
the sheet to the onset of tearing at the edge, and which
appears to be dependent on both the extensibility and the
tensile strength of the paper.07. .{D= ?; Es= resistencia al
desgarro; F= résistance à la déchirure}.
technical drawing .{E} * A cross section, detail, diagram,
elevation, perspective, plan, working plan, etc., made for
use in engineering or other technical context; see also
architectural rendering.03. .{D= ?; Es= dibujo técnico; F=
dessin industriel}.
Techniscope .{D;E;Es;F} * A system in which a halfheight
frame of 35-mm film is used to produce a widescreen
motion picture.(10.)
técnico de registro .{Es} * see recorder .{E}.
Teiltöne .{D} * see harmonics .{E}.
teinte .{F} * see hue .{E}.
teinture .{F} * see dye .{E}.
tejuelo .{Es} * see label .{E}.
telecast .{E} * see broadcast.
telecast date .{E} * see broadcast date.
telecine .{E;Es} * A machine which converts the optical
images previously recorded on standard motion picture
film into electrical video signals; also called film chain.(06.)
.{D= Filmabtaster; F= télécinéma}.
télécinéma .{F} * see filmic space .{E}; telecine .{E;Es};
telerecorder .{E}.
télécopie .{F} * see facsimile .{E}.
telediario .{Es} * see television news .{E}.
telefeature .{E} * A movie of forty (40) or more minutes in
length, made for television broadcast rather than for
219
theatrical release.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= telefilme; F= téléfilm}.
telefilm .{Es} * see kinescope film .{E;F}.
téléfilm .{F} * see kinescope film; telefeature .{E}.
telefilmadora .{Es} * see telerecorder (1) .{E}.
telefilme .{Es} * see telefeature .{E}.
telefimadora .{Es} * see telerecorder .{E;F}.
télégraphone .{F} * see telegraphone .{E}.
téléobjectif .{E} * see telephoto lens .{E}.
teleobjetivo .{Es} * see telephoto lens .{E}.
telephoto lens .{E} * A lens of a very long focal length
which acts like a telescope and has the effect of greatly
decreasing the illusion of depth; see also
foreshortening.30. .{D= ?; Es= teleobjetivo; F= téléobjectif;
objectif de longue focale}.
telerecorder .{E;F} * Equipment for recording television
signals onto motion picture filmA type of telerecorder is the
Electron Beam Recorder (EBR); see also kinescope.(06.)
.{D= Filmaufzeichnungsgerät; Es= 1) telefilmadora;
grabadora de televisión; 2) registrador [grabador] a
distancia; F= télécinéma}.
television network .{E} * see network.
television news .{E} * Coverage of current events on
regularly scheduled television broadcasts.12. .{D=
Fernsehnachrichten; Es= telediario; noticiario de
televisión; F= journal télévisé}.
television promo .{E} * A short message intended for
telecast, advertising a television programme.12. .{D= ?;
Es= anuncio televisivo; F= annonce programme}.
television serial .{E} * see serial.
television sponsor .{E} * see sponsor.
television station .{E} * see broadcast station.
television trailer .{E} * see trailer.
televisión .{Es} * see television .{E}.
televisión de alta definición .{Es} * see high-definition
television (HDTV) .{E}.
televisión de definición intensificada .{Es} * see Enhanced
Definition Television (EDTV) .{D;E}.
télévision .{F} * see television .{E}.
télévision à haute définition (TVHD) .{F} * see highdefinition
television (HDTV) .{E}.
télévision en circuit fermé (CCTV) .{F} * see CCTV .{E}.
telop .{E} * A video production process in which 3" X 5"
photographs and opaque art cards were transferred to
video through a video camera. Some telop machines
inclose 2 banks and a mechanism to produce a video
dissolve. Also referred to as a belop machine. Some telops
incorporates a metal strip for transport of the materials
while others used a wire frame. telepromter. Either a paper
based or electronically generated system of producing the
program script visually for the performer in a video
production to read while maintaining direct eye contact
with the video camera. Also referred to as prompter. .{D=
?; Es= ?; F= telop (projecteur telop)}.

telop (projecteur telop) .{F} * see telop .{E}.
témoin .{F} * see jeep .{E}.
Temperatur .{D} * see temperature .{E}.
temperatura .{Es} * see temperature .{E}.
temperatura ambiental .{Es} * see ambient temperature
.{E}.
temperatura del color .{Es} * see colour temperature .{E}.
température .{F} * see temperature .{E}.
température ambiante .{F} * see ambient temperature .{E}.
température de couleur .{F} * see colour temperature .{E}.
temporal alias .{E} * see alias.
temporizador .{Es} * see timer (1) .{E}.
temps codé .{F} * see time code .{E}.
temps codé à trame .{F} * see drop frame time code .{E}.
temps codé intervalle vertical .{F} * see vertical interval
time code .{E}.
temps codé sur l'horloge .{F} * see clock time .{E}.
temps d'accès .{F} * see access time .{E}.
tensile strength .{E} * The property of a material which
enables it to resist rupture under tension.(45.) Measuring
the tensile strength of a paper is a way of measuring the
relative bonding between the fibres. This is done by an
instrument devised to ascertain what strain, expressed in
pounds, is required to break a strip of paper a given length
and width. Standard-sized strips cut from the paper in both
machine direction and cross direction are attached (in
separate tests for each direction) top and bottom to clamps
or grips in the machine. The lower clamp is pulled down at
a slow, even speed by an electric motor. The strip of paper
pulls down the clamp to which the upper end is attached,
transmitting the movement along an arm to a weighted
lever, which is pulled along a scale. When the test strip
breaks, the lever remains fixed and indicates on the scale
the force in pounds required to break the paper. The
tensile strength of a paper is described by one number
indicating the pressure required to pull the fibres apart in
the machine direction and another number for the cross
direction. Since tensile strength is tested by a pulling
action (instead of a tearing action or a bursting action), the
results should be higher in the machine direction than in
the cross direction.22. see also breaking length; bursting
strength; tape tension. .{D= Reißfestigkeit; Es= resistencia
a la tracción [tensión]; F= force extensible}.
tension de bobine réceptrice .{F} * see take-up tension
.{E}.
tension débitrice .{F} * see holdback tension .{E}.
tension en mode lecture .{F} * see play tension .{E}.
tensión de bobinado constante .{Es} * see constant
tension wind .{E}.
tensión de rebobinado .{Es} * see take-up tension .{E}.
tensión en el modo de lectura .{Es} * see play tension .{E}.
tensión retenida .{Es} * see holdback tension .{E}.
tentelometer .{E} * A gauge for measuring the tension of
magnetic tape as it is wound on a reel or hub.07. .{D=
220
Bandzugmeßgerät; Bandzugwaage; Es= tentelómetro; F=
tentélomètre}.
tentélomètre .{F} * see tentelometer .{E}.
tentelómetro .{Es} * see tentelometer .{E}.
teorema del muestreo (de Nyquist) .{Es} * see sampling
theorem (Nyquist) .{E}.
teoría (cine) que defiende la responsabilidad artística del
director .{Es} * see auteur .{E;F}.
termografía .{Es} * see thermography .{E}.
termohigrógrafo .{Es} * see hygrothermograph .{E}.
termohigrógrafo registrador (de datos) .{Es} * see
recording hygrothermograph .{E}.
termómetro .{Es} * see thermometer .{D;E}.
termoplástico .{Es} * see thermoplastic .{E}-test .{E}.
test aérien .{F} * see air check .{E}.
test bars .{E} * see test pattern.
test d'éclatement .{F} * see mullen .{E}.
test d'intermodulation .{F} * see cross-modulation test
(cross mod) .{E}.
test de contact à l'alcool .{F} * see alcohol spot-test .{E}.
test de marque de séchage .{F} * see water spot-test .{E}.
test disc .{E} * A specially prepared disc containing signals
and programme material designed to measure and
evaluate players and other equipment. 39. .{D=
Testschallplatte; Es= disco de prueba; F= disque test}.
test film .{E} * A short film designed to determine whether
a projector is in proper working order.(10.) .{D= Testfilm;
Es= película de prueba; F= film d'épreuve; film d'essai; film
étalon}.
test pattern .{E} * Any of a number of charts (i.e., colour
registration chart, linear reflectance chart, linearity chart,
logarithmic reflectance chart, resolution chart, test bar
chart) used for television camera alignment.(10.) .{D= ?;
Es= norma para efectuar pruebas; F= mire; mire de
réglage}.
test tape .{E} * see alignment tape.
test tone .{E} * An alignment tone recorded on a magnetic
tape, usually preceding the programme information, which
assists in adjusting the playback machine to correlate to
the machine on which the tape was originally recorded. In
professional and archival setting there are generally
agreed standards for recording this tone.(04.) .{D=
Testton; Es= tono de prueba; F= son test; ton d'épreuve}.
Testband .{D} * see alignment tape; standard amplitude
reference tape; standard reference tape .{E}.
Testfilm .{D} * see test film .{E}.
testimonio .{Es} * see record (1) .{E}.
Testkopie .{D} * see checkprint .{E}.
Testpressung .{D} * see test pressing .{E}.
Testschallplatte .{D} * see test disc .{E}.
Testton .{D} * see test tone .{E}.

tête .{E} * see head .{E}.
tête d'écriture-lecture .{F} * see read-write-erase head .{E}.
tête d'effacement .{F} * see erase head .{E}.
tête d'effacement (vid) .{F} * see flying erase head .{E}.
tête d'effacement total .{F} * see bulk eraser; master erase
head .{E}.
tête d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording head .{E}.
tête de contrôle .{F} * see monitor head .{E}.
tête de lecture .{F} * see playback head .{E}.
tête de phonocapteur .{F} * see pickup cartridge .{E}.
tête de synchronisation .{F} * see sync head .{E}.
tête début .{F} * see head .{E}.
tête optique .{F} * see optical pickup .{E}.
têtes groupées .{F} * see in-line heads .{E}.
tétrachlorure de carbone .{F} * see carbon tetrachloride
.{E}.
tetracloruro de carbono .{Es} * see carbon tetrachloride
.{E}.
Textarchiv .{D} * see textual records .{E}.
texto de la carátula .{Es} * see liner notes .{E}.
textual records .{E} * A term used to distinguish
conventional / traditional documents in manuscript or
typescript from audiovisual, cartographic, and machinereadable
records/archives.(22.) .{D= Textarchiv; Es=
archivos textuales; F= archives textuelles}.
THD .{E} * acronym for total harmonic distortion.
Theaterkopie .{D} * see release print .{E}.
theatrical newsreel .{E} * see newsreel.
theatrical serial .{E} * see serial.
théorème d'échantillonnage .{F} * see sampling theorem
(Nyquist) .{E}.
thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient .{D} * see coefficient
of thermal expansion .{E}.
thermochemical properties .{E} * Characteristics dealing
with the interrelation of heat with chemical reaction or
physical change of state.53. .{D= ?; Es= propiedades
termoquímicas; F= propriétés thermochimiques}.
thermographic copy .{E} * A copy of a document made by
a thermographic process, or thermography.19. .{D= ?; Es=
copia termográfica; F= copie thermographique}.
thermographic process .{E} * A procedure for copying
documents without the use of liquid chemicals. Heat
sensitive paper is used to make copies from an original
having carbon or metallic writing or printing inks.19. .{D=
?; Es= proceso termográfico; F= procédé
thermographique}.
thermographie .{F} * see thermography .{E}.
thermography .{E} * Any printing process which involves
the use of heat; specifically that method of printing from
ordinary type or plates on an ordinary press and in which
221
a special ink is used, the type impression being sprinkled
while still wet with a special powder and then subjected to
a heating process which causes the particles to adhere to
the printed surface and fuse together to give the printing a
raised effect. The Xerox process is one of the better known
thermographic processes today.(19.22.) .{D=
Wärmekopierverfahren; Es= termografía; F=
thermographie}.
thermoplastique .{F} * see thermoplastic .{E}.
thickness .{E} * The space between opposite surfaces;
also called caliper; see also apparent thickness; physical
thickness; total thickness.(08.) .{D= Dicke; Stärke; Es=
espesor; grosor; grueso; F= épaisseur}.
thiocyanate de cobalt .{F} * see cobalt thiocyanate .{E}.
third generation microfilm .{E} * see second reproduction
microfilm.
thread marks .{E} * see paper marks .{E}.
threads per inch (TPI/T.P.I.) .{E} * A means of citing the
number of sound grooves found per longitudinal inch of an
audio cylinder record, or per radial inch on the surface of
a disc record.(04.14.) .{D= Steigung; Es= vueltas [hilos]
por pulgada; F= sillon par inch}.
three-beam tracking .{E} * An optical pickup in which a
LASER beam is split into three spots, the centre spot used
for data recovery and focusing, and the secondary spots
for tracking.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= lector óptico de tres haces;
F= suivi de piste à trois faisceaux}.
thymol (isopropyl meta cresol) .{E;F} * A colourless,
crystalline compound obtained from origanum and other
oils; used as a preservative and a fungicide in adhesive
paste. It can be applied as a solution in alcohol or
vaporized for use as a fungicide.45. It is in crystalline form
at room temperature, and sublimes to vapour when heated
above 120°F. Thymol is toxic, and can be absorbed
through the skin; the major hazard is ingestion through
inhalation. Thymol is not registered as a mould control
chemical by the environmental protection agency, is
carcinogenic, and not recommended for use in
preservation procedures.07. .{D= ?; Es= timol}.
tic .{F} * see tick .{E}.
tiefe Frequenz .{D} * see low frequency .{E}.
Tiefenschärfe .{D} * see depth of focus .{E}.
Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme .{D} * see vertical cut; vertical cut
recording .{E}.
Tiefpaßfilter .{D} * see low-pass filter .{E}.
tiempo de acceso .{Es} * see access time .{E}.
tiempo de estabilización .{Es} * see settling time .{E}.
tiempo de fijación .{Es} * see settling time .{E}.
tiempo de reloj en clave .{Es} * see clock time .{E}.
tiempo de sincronización (vídeo VTR) .{Es} * see preroll
.{E}.
tiempo real .{Es} * see real-time .{E}.
tierischer Leim .{D} * see animal glue .{E}.
tige-guide du ruban bande .{F} * see tape guides .{E}.
tilt shot .{E} * In moving-image productions the camera tilts
up or down, rotating around the left-right axis of the

camera head; see also pan, roll.30. .{D=
Froschperspektive; geneigte Kamera; Draufsicht;
Vogelperspektive; Es= toma [plano] desde abajo hacia
arriba; toma desde abajo hacia arriba; llorado del donido;
F= panoramique vertical; contre-longée; plongée}.
timbre .{E;Es;F} * The subjective tonal quality of a sound,
determined largely by the harmonic structure of the sound
wave. Rich sounding tones or sounds tend to have a great
number of upper harmonics which contribute to their lush
timbre; thin sounding tones or sounds tend to be lacking in
the presence of harmonics.(04.) .{D= Timbre; Es= código
de tiempo; código horario}.
Timbre .{D} * see timbre .{E;F}.
time base error corrector .{E} * see time-base corrector.
time code .{D;E} * 1) A signal which is recorded on a
longitudinal track of a magnetic video tape for later editing
and control use; the time information is usually expressed
in hours, minutes, seconds, and television frames.(06.) 2)
In videotape editing, an 80-bit word recorded either on an
audio track or within the vertical interval. .{F= code
temporel; temps codé; Es= codigo de tiempo}.
time sampling .{E} * see discrete time sampling.
Time Code Generator (TCG) .{E} * An electronic device
which generates the time code signal. .{D= ?; Es=
generador de códigos de tiempo; F= générateur de temps
codé; générateur de code temporel}.
Time Code Reader (TCR) .{E} * An electronic device which
reads the time code signal and displays it.{D= ?; Es=
Lector de Códigos de Tiempo; F= détecteur de temps
codé}.
Time Code Window (TCW) .{E} * A visual window in the
active portion of video which displays the associated timesampling
and interpolation technology and is the basis of
the MUSE SYSTEM. .{D= ?; Es= ventana [visor, pantalla]
de códigos de tiempo; F= ?}.
time-base corrector .{D;E} * Equipment normally
incorporated in broadcast quality video tape machines
designed to correct the signals reproduced; also called
time base error corrector.(06.) .{F= correcteur de base de
temps; Es= corrector de base de tiempo}.
time-gamma curve .{E} * A plot of the rate of gamma
change over a series of development times used to
determine optimum devel-opment time for black-and-white
negative or positive film. 31.09. .{F= courbe tempsgamma;
Es= curva de tiempo gamma}.
time-lapse movie .{E} * A movie that shows in a few
minutes or a few seconds events that take hours or even
days to occur; accomplished by exposing single frames of
film at fixed intervals. .{D= ?; Es= película de tiempo
acelerado; F= prise de vue en accéléré}.
time-lapse photography .{E} * 1) The exposure of film
frames at times intervals; when replayed it appears that
the subject is in fast motion. A typical speed might be one
frame every thirty seconds so that when the film is later
projected at normal speed mo-tions such as the opening
of a flower, which occur too slowly in nature for us to
observe, are made comprehensible. The opposite of timelapse
photog-raphy is extreme slow motion which has the
same use in studying reactions which occur too quickly in
nature for us to observe them. As a scientific tool, film
accomplishes in time what the telescope and microscope
accomplish in space.(10.30.) .{D= Zeitraffer; Es= fotografía
de tiempo acelerado; acelerado; F= prise de vue en
accéléré; accéléré}.
timer .{E} * 1) A device built into a VCR that, if
222
programmed in advance, will either start or stop the VCR
at a predetermined time.(35.) 2) The person on a movingimage
production team who carriers out the timing. .{D=
Schaltuhr; Es= 1) temporizador; 2) cronometrador
(operario); F= étalonneur; minuteur; compteur horaire}.
timing .{E/U} * see grading .{E}.
timol .{Es} * see thymol (isopropyl meta cresol) .{E;F}.
tinte .{Es} * see dye .{E}.
tinted stock .{E} * see anti-halation coating.
tintype .{E} * A photograph made on a wet collodion
emulsion on metal; used in the late 19th and early 20th
centureis; also called a ferrotype.(10.) .{D= ?; Es=
ferrotipo; F= ferrotype ?}.
tiocianato de cobalto .{Es} * see cobalt thiocyanate .{E}.
tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete abierto .{Es} * see EIAJ-
1 .{E}.
tipo de cinta de vídeo con carrete abierto con un sistema
de color distinto al EIAJ-1 .{Es} * see EIAJ-2 .{E}.
tipo de código aplicable a la medición del tiempo .{Es} *
see drop frame time code .{E}.
tipo de empalme de películas .{Es} * see butt splice .{E}.
tipo M .{Es} * see type M .{E}.
tipping-in .{E} * The insertion of a single leaf or sheet of
paper into a volume by pasting a narrow margin at the
binding edge.22. .{D= Einkleben; Es= inserción de hojas
sueltas en un libro ya encuadernado; poner guardas; F=
montage sur onglet}.
TIR .{E} * see axial total indicated run out.
TIR .{Es} * see radial total truncated run out (TIR) .{E}.
tira .{Es} * see filmstrip .{E}; strip (1) .{E}.
tira cómica (periódicos) .{Es} * see strip (3) .{E}.
tira de cine .{Es} * see cinex .{E}.
tira de control .{Es} * see cinex .{E}; control strip .{E}.
tira de película .{Es} * see microfilm strip .{E}; unitized film
.{E}.
tira de vistas fijas .{Es} * see film clip .{E}.
tira sin imágenes que precede a la película .{Es} * see
leader .{E}.
tirada .{Es} * see printing .{E}.
tirage .{F} * see print; printing .{E}.
tirage a et b .{F} * see a and b wind printing .{E}.
tirage brillant .{F} * see glossy print .{E}.
tirage contact .{F} * see contact printing .{E}.
tirage humide .{F} * see liquid gate printing .{E}.
tirage optique .{F} * see optical printing .{E}.
tirage optique par agrandissement .{F} * see blow-up .{E}.
tirage original .{F} * see original print .{E}.

tirage par contact .{F} * see contact printing .{E}.
tirage par extraction .{F} * see separation .{E}.
tirage par réduction .{F} * see reduction printing .{E}.
tirage photographique .{F} * see copy print .{E}.
tirage positif piste son .{F} * see soundtrack print .{E}.
tirage soustractif .{F} * see subtractive printing .{E}.
tiraje .{Es} * see printing .{E}.
tiraje de copias .{Es} * see release print .{E}.
tiraje por contacto .{Es} * see contact printing .{E}.
tiraje por reducción .{Es} * see reduction printing .{E}.
tirar .{Es} * see print .{E}.
tireuse .{F} * see printer .{E}.
tireuse continue .{F} * see continuous printer .{E}.
tireuse image par image .{F} * see step printer .{E}.
tireuse optique .{F} * see optical printer .{E}.
tireuse par contact .{F} * see step printer .{E}.
tireuse par immersion .{F} * see wet gate printer .{E}.
tiro focal .{Es} * see focus pull .{E}.
title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, a word, phrase,
character, or group of words or characters, nominally
appearing in an item, naming the item or the work
contained in it.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título; F= titre}.
title bands .{E} * see intertitle rolls/title bands.
title frames .{E} * A frame containing written or printed
material not part of the subject content of the item.03. .{D=
?; Es= cuadro [fotograma, imagen] rotulada; F= trame
titre}.
title proper .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, the chief name
of an item, including any alternative title but excluding
parallel titles and other title information. In moving-image
production, normally the original release title.12. .{D= ?;
Es= título principal; F= titre principale; titre original ?
(ciné)}.
title screen (computer files) .{E} * In the case of a
computer file, a display of data that includes the title
proper and usually, though not necessarily, the statement
of responsibility and the data relating to publication.03.
.{D= ?; Es= nombre de archivo en pantalla; F= identité de
fichier}.
titration .{E;F} * Chemistry method for determining the
strength or concentration of a solution.53. .{D= ?; Es=
análisis volumétrico; dosificación; titulación; valoración; F=
titration}.
titre .{F} * see heading; title .{E}.
titre alternatif? .{F} * see alternative title .{E}.
titre collectif .{F} * see collective title .{E}.
titre complémentaire .{F} * see other title information .{E}.
titre d'un épisode .{F} * see part title; episode title .{E}.
titre de série ? (vid) .{F} * see umbrella series .{E}.
223
titre en référence .{F} * see related title .{E}.
titre fourni .{F} * see supplied title .{E}.
titre original .{F} * see original release title .{E}.
titre original ? (ciné) .{F} * see title proper .{E}.
titre parellèle .{F} * see parallel title .{E}.
titre principale .{F} * see title proper .{E}.
titre provisoire .{F} * see working title .{E}.
titre provisoire de montage .{F} * see flash title .{E}.
titre traduit de série .{F} * see parallel series title .{E}.
titre uniforme .{F} * see uniform title .{E}.
titre variant .{F} * see variant title .{E}.
titre-clé .{F} * see key title .{E}.
titres (ciné)? .{F} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E}.
titulación .{Es} * see titration .{E}.
título .{Es} * see heading .{E}; title .{E}.
título alternativo .{Es} * see alternative title .{E}.
título base o principal .{Es} * see key title .{E}.
título colectivo .{Es} * see collective title .{E}.
título complementario .{Es} * see other title information
.{E}.
título complementario adicional .{Es} * see other title
information .{E}.
título de publicación original .{Es} * see original release
title .{E}.
título de referencia .{Es} * see related title .{E}.
título del capítulo .{Es} * see episode title .{E}.
título del episodio .{Es} * see episode title .{E}.
título del lomo .{Es} * see spine title .{E}.
título parcial (título de un episodio o capítulo) .{Es} * see
part title .{E}.
título principal .{Es} * see title proper .{E}.
título provisional .{Es} * see supplied title .{E}; working title
.{E}.
título sugerido .{Es} * see supplied title .{E}.
título uniforme .{Es} * see uniform title .{E}.
título variante .{Es} * see variant title .{E}.
títulos de crédito .{Es} * see credit sequence .{E}.
títulos interiores .{Es} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E};
intertitles/interior titles .{E}.
títulos internos .{Es} * see inner titles/interior titles .{E}.
TOC .{E} * 1) acronym for table of contents. 2) acronym
for television operation center. .{D= ?; Es= 1) acrónimo de
Indice de Materias; F= ?}.

toma .{Es} * see shot .{E}; take (1) .{D;E}.
toma a larga distancia .{Es} * see extreme long shot .{E}.
toma buena .{Es} * see take (4) .{D;E}.
toma con dolly .{Es} * see dolly shot .{E}.
toma continua .{Es} * see follow shot .{E}.
toma de cámara rodante .{Es} * see dolly shot .{E}.
toma de conjunto .{Es} * see master shot .{E}.
toma de corriente .{Es} * see plug .{E}.
toma de detalle .{Es} * see detail shot .{E}.
toma de situación .{Es} * see establishing shot .{E}.
toma de un personaje u objeto .{Es} * see single .{E}.
toma defectuosa .{Es} * see outtake .{E}.
toma desde abajo hacia arriba .{Es} * see tilt shot .{E}.
ton .{F} * see tone .{E}.
Ton .{D} * see tone .{E}.
Tonabnehmer .{D} * see pickup; pickup cartridge .{E}.
Tonabnehmer-Halterung .{D} * see head shell .{E}.
Tonabnehmersystem .{D} * see pickup; pickup cartridge
.{E}.
tonal range .{E} * Number of precisely measured gradients
of grey that photographic materials (prints and negatives)
are capable of producing between black and white.43. .{D=
Frequenzumfang; Es= intervalo [rango] tonal; F= échelle
tonale; gamme de gris}.
Tonarchive .{D} * see audio archives .{E}.
Tonarchivgut .{D} * see audiovisual archives/records data
.{E}.
Tonarm .{D} * see pickup arm; tone arm .{E}.
Tonaufnahme .{D} * see phonogram .{E}.
Tonaufnahmegerät .{D} * see sound recorder .{E}.
Tonaufzeichnung .{D} * see record; sound recording .{E}.
Tonband .{D} * see audio spectrum; audio tape; phonotape
.{E}.
Tonband im Sprossenschrift .{D} * see variable-density
soundtrack .{E}.
Tonband im Zackenschrift-System .{D} * see variable-area
soundtrack .{E}.
Tonbandgerät .{D} * see tape deck .{E}.
Tonbandspule .{D} * see audio reel .{E}.
Tonblubbern .{D} * see bloop .{E}.
Tondokumentation .{D} * see audiovisual archives/records
data .{E}.
Tondraht .{D} * see magnetic wire .{E}.
tone .{E} * 1) A sound that has definite pitch. 2) To blend
or harmonize colour, sound, etc. 3) A colour tint. 4) The
224
mood or atmosphere of a moving-image production.(10.)
5) The audio test signals placed at the head or beginning
of a recording. 6) The degree of lightness or darkness in
any given area of a photographic or motion picture print;
also referred to as value. Cold tones (bluish) and warm
tones (reddish) refer to the colour of the image in both
black-and-white and colour photographs.09. .{D= 1) Ton;
2 ? 3) - 4) - 5) Ton; 6) ?; Es= 1, 4, 5, 6) tono; sonido;
timbre; 2) matriz; 3) entonar; virar; F= ton}.
tone arm .{E} * 1) The connecting device on an acoustical
disc or cylinder audio machine, usually of metal, that
carried the output from the sound box to the neck of the
horn, so named because of the perceived improvement in
the quality of the sound.(04.14.) 2) The device on an
electrical audio recorder/reproducer which carries the
stylus and its related housing and cartridge. .{D= Tonarm;
Es= brazo de tocadiscos o fonógrafo; brazo fonocaptor; F=
bras acoustique; platine tourne disques}.
tone control .{E} * Control knob on tape recorder amplifier
used to vary bass and treble response to achieve most
desirable balance of tone.16. .{D= Klangregler; Es= control
de tono; F= réglege de tonalité}.
Tonebuehmersystem .{D} * see cartridge .{E}.
Tonfilm .{D} * see soundtrack .{E}.
toning .{E} ** =F= .{F}.
Tonkanal .{D} * see channel .{E}.
Tonkopf .{D} * see head .{E}.
Tonmeister (für die Mischung) .{D} * see mixer .{E}.
Tonnegativ .{D} * see sound negative .{E}.
tono .{Es} * see pitch (3) .{E}.
tono .{Es} * see tone (1, 4, 5, 6) .{E}.
tono de prueba .{Es} * see test tone .{E}.
tonos audibles .{Es} * see audible tones .{E}.
Tonpositiv .{D} * see sound positive .{E}.
Tonspur .{D} * see soundtrack .{E}.
Tonwelle .{D} * see capstan .{E}.
top .{F} * see cue .{E}.
top de synchronisation .{F} * see sync pulse .{E}.
top lighting .{E} * see key light.
top plate .{E} * That part of an audio cylinder machine that
carried the motor underneath and the visible mechanism
above and which rested in or was fixed upon a hollow
casing.(14.) .{D= ?; Es= soporte superior; F= capot; plan;
support (machine cylindre)}.
torr .{D;E;Es;F} * A unit of pressure equal to 1/760 of
atmospheric pressure (i.e., 1,333.22 millibars).53.
torsión de bobinado constante .{Es} * see constant torque
wind .{E}.
torsión de enrollado-bobinado constante .{Es} * see
constant torque winding/spooling .{E}.
total harmonic distortion (THD) .{E} * Undesired harmonics
on an output signal relative to the input. Often measured
with corresponding noise (thd + n).39. .{D=
Gesamtklirrfaktor; Es= distorsión armónica total; F=

distorsion harmonique totale (DHT); distorsion complet
harmonique}.
total thickness .{E} * Normally the sum of the thickness of
the base film and the magnetic coating, as well as backcoating
when applied, of magnetic media. The total
thickness governs the length of tape that can be wound on
a given reel; see also thickness.46. .{D= Banddicke; Es=
grosor [espesor] total; F= épaisseur totale}.
Totale .{D} * see long shot .{E}.
totally diffuse density .{E} * One of two practical
measurements of transmission density (the other being
specular density), determined by comparing all of the
transmitted light with the incident light perpendicular to the
film plane. The receptor is placed so that all of the
transmitted light is collected and evaluated equally. This
setup is analogous to the contact printer, except that the
receptor in the printer is film.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de
difusión total [absoluta]; F= densité de diffusion totale}.
touche de rembobinage .{F} * see rewind control .{E}.
touche pause .{F} * see pause control .{E}.
tourelle see rack .{E}.
tournage aléatoire .{F} * see aleato
tracing distortion .{E} * Harmonic distortion in audio
playback of groove media due to improper pickup stylus tip
size.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= distorsión de seguimiento; F=
distorsion d'inscription}.
track .{E} * 1) The path on magnetic tape on which the
signal is recorded. 2) Sometimes used interchangeably
with cut or band on a grooved disc recording; see also
soundtrack.(04.) .{D= Spur; Band; Filmband; Es= banda;
pista; F= piste; plage; bande; bande son; rail (de
travelling)}. bande}.
track configuration .{E} * For magnetic tape, the relative
position of the active recording area references to the
entire cross-sectioned surface of the magnetic recording
medium.(10.) .{D= Spurlage; Es= configuración de pista;
F= configuration de piste}.
track numbers .{E} * Numbering of selections on a sound
recording.39. .{D= Anfahl der Spuren; Es= números de
pista; F= numéros de piste}.
track pitch .{E} * see pitch.
tracking .{D;E} * 1) The precise control of a VCR to assure
that the video heads 'read' the signal off the tape
accurately. 2) The control on the VCR which adjusts the
way in which tracking is carried out.(35.) .{F=
asservissement; suivi de piste; alignement; centrage de
piste; Es= 1) ajuste [reglaje] exacto; 2) seguimiento (de
pista)}.
tracking automático .{Es} * see auto tracking .{E}.
tracking error .{E} * An error condition in which the optical
pickup or magnetic head deviates from the track. .{D=
Spurfehler; Es= error de seguimiento{x; F= distorsion de
gravure; erreur de suivi de piste}.
tracking shot .{E} * A moving-image production technique
in which the camera is mounted on a set of tracks or a
dolly and moves in or out, left or right; see also dolly shot;
follow shot; also called travelling shot.(30.) .{D= ?; Es=
toma en movimiento; F= plan pris en mouvement; plan
travelling; travelling}.
Träger .{D} * see backing .{E}; carrier .{E}; substrate .{E}.
225
Trägerelement einer Regalanlage .{D} * see upright .{E}.
Trägermaterial .{D} * see substrate .{E}.
Trägerschicht .{D} * see backing .{E}.
Trägheitsmoment .{D} * see moment of inertia .{E}.
trailer .{D;E} * 1) A blank section of tape at the end of a
reel of motion-picture film, filmstrip, or microfilm for
threading through the projector or other equipment and for
the protection of the last frames. 2) A blank section at the
end of a reel of magnetic tape or punched tape to protect
the last few inches of the tape; see also leader. 3) A
publicity film, usually consisting of short excerpts from a
forthcoming presentation, to be shown in a movie/film
theatre; also called a preview.(12.) .{D= 1) -?; 2) Vorluf;
Vorlauf; Vorspann; Es= avance (cine); arrastre (TV);
avance; F= amorce de fin de bobine; bande annonce;
bande de lancement}.
trailing .{E} * see image retention.
train d'erreurs .{F} * see burst error .{D;E}.
traînage .{F} * see lag .{E}.
traînage des blancs .{F} * see bleeding white .{E}.
traînage dynamique .{F} * see comet tail .{E}.
trainée .{F} * see tail .{E}.
trainées de lumière .{F} * see burn-in .{E}.
trait d'aiguille .{F} * see negative image; needle run (NR)
.{E}.
traitement à l'ammoniaque .{F} * see ammonia process
.{E}.
traitement automatique des données .{F} * see automatic
data processing(adp) .{E}.
traitement d'archive .{F} * see archival processing .{E}.
traitement d'image .{F} * see image processing .{E}.
traitement de surface .{F} * see surface treatment .{E}.
trama .{Es} * see raster .{E}.
trama cruzada .{Es} * see cross hatch .{E}.
trama de medio tono .{Es} * see halftone screen .{E}.
tramage automatique .{F} * see auto framing .{E}.
tramage couleur .{F} * see colour framing .{E}.
trame .{F} * see field; frame; zone .{E}.
trame couleur .{F} * see colour frame pulse .{E}.
trame titre .{F} * see title frames .{E}.
trampa iónica (de iones) .{Es} * see ion trap .{E}.
Transcoder .{D} * see standards converter .{E}.
transcodeur .{F} * see standards converter .{E}.
transcripción .{Es} * see transcript .{E}.
transcripción eléctrica .{Es} * see electrical transcriptio
transcription disc .{E} * A grooved disc recording, usually
slow speed lateral or vertical cut type, specially made for

oadcasting. It is often 16-inches in diameter, but may be
7, 10, or 12-nches in diameter, also; may be either a
direct, instantaneous recording (most often called an air
check) or a vinyl pressing.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= disco especial
para radiodifusión; F= disque de transcription;
enregistrement de transcription}.
transcription électrique .{F} * see electrical transcription
(ET) .{E}.
transcription électronique .{F} * see electrical transcription
(ET) .{F} .{E}.
transfer .{E} * 1) To convey or transmit from one medium
to another (e.g. an image from a nitrate based film to a
safety based film or video tape; an audio signal from a wax
cylinder to a magnetic tape). 2) The resulting artifact from
such action. 3) The act involved in a change of physical
custody of materials. 4) Documents so transmitted; see
also bleed through; coating transfer; preservation transfer;
rerecording.(22.) .{D= 1 - 2) Übertragung; Kopie;
Umschnitt; 2) Archivierung; 3) Abgabe; Ablieferung;
Übergabe; Übernahme; 4) Ablieferung; Abgabe; Es= 1, 2,
3) transferencia; 4) fondos transferidos; F= transfert;
repiquage; kinescope; 1) archiver; 2) archivage; 3&4)
versement}.
transfer characteristics .{E} * see modulation transfer
curve.
transferencia .{Es} * see transfer .{E}.
transferencia de fotografías a vídeo .{Es} * see belop .{E}.
transferencia de sonido .{Es} * see rerecording .{E}.
transferencia en medio líquido .{Es} * see liquid gate
transfer .{E}.
transfert .{F} * see transfer .{E}.
transfert (spire à spire) de la couche magnétique .{F} * see
coating transfer .{E}.
transfert de film sur bande video .{F}. télécinéma;
kinescope see film-to-tape transfer .{E}.
transfert en milieu liquide .{F} * see liquid gate transfer
.{E}.
transfert spire à spire .{F} * see interlayer transfer .{E}.
Transfokator (Gummilinse) .{D} * see objective lens .{E}.
transformación de la imagen .{Es} * see image transform
.{E}.
transformateur .{F} * see inverter .{E}.
transient distortion .{E} * Signal distortion which occurs
when an electronic component fails to accurately
reproduce transient sounds.(04.) .{D=
Transientenverzerrung; Es= distorsión transitoria; F=
distortion transitoire; parasite; clic}.
transient sounds .{E} * A signal of very short duration, such
as those created by cymbal crashes, percussive effects,
etc.(04.) .{D= Transiente; Es= ruidos transitorios; F=
transitoires; sons transtoires}.
Transiente .{D} * see transient sounds .{E}.
Transientenverzerrung .{D} * see transient distortion .{E}.
transition .{F} * see edge .{E}.
transmisión por trayectoria múltiple .{Es} * see multipath
.{E}.
226
transmisión vía satélite .{Es} * see uplink .{E}.
transmission density .{E} * A measure of the lightcontrolling
power of the silver or dye deposit in a film
emulsion. In colour films the density of the cyan dye
represents its controlling power to red light, that of
magenta dye to green light, and that of yellow dye to blue
light. It may be mathematically defined as the common
logarithm (log base 10) of the ration of the light incident on
processed film (p0) to the light transmitted by the film (pt).
The measure value of the density depends on the spectral
distribution of the exposing light, the spectral absorption of
the film image, and the spectral sensitivity of the receptor.
Transmission density is measured in two ways: totally
diffuse density and specular density; see also visual
density; printing density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad de
transmisión; F= densité de transmission}.
transmitted light .{E} * Light which has travelled through a
material.42. .{D= ?; Es= luz transmitida; F= lumirtransmisor;
lumière transmettre}.
transponder .{E} * A transmission process in which a
satellite uplink is received and retransmitted to the receive
point by means of a downlink. The electronic components
which combine the processes of receive and transmit is
termed a transponder. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= transpondeur}.
transpondeur .{F} * see transponder .{E}.
transporte de la cinta .{Es} * see tape transport .{E}.
transverse filter .{E} * A kind of numerical filter used in
digital filtering in CD players to perform low-pass filtering
of the output signals; used in an over sampling -based
architecture.39. .{D= ?; Es= filtro transversal; F= filtre
traverse}.
tratamiento superficial .{Es} * see surface treatment .{E}.
travée .{F} * see bay .{E}.
travée en épi simple face .{F} * see row .{E}.
travel image .{E} * see afterimage.
travelling .{Es;F} * see dolly shot .{E}.
travelling .{F} * see dolly; tracking shot .{E}.
travelling "dolly" .{F}. see dolly .{E}.
travelling matte .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) A matte film which travels
through a printer with the printing film to create a certain
effect. 2) A technique for combining two or more separate
images, moving in relation to one other, on a finished
motion picture film so that each image occupies a portion
of each frame without overlapping the other image.
Commonly used to combine live action and animation.(09.)
.{D= Englisches Trickfilm-Verfahren; Es= procdeimiento de
efecto especial por caché y contracaché; F= procédé
d'effect spécial par chache et contrecache}.
traversing mandrel .{E} * Known only on Edison cylinder
machines, a mandrel which moved under laterally a
stationary reproducer and its stylus instead of the normal,
which had the reproducer moving, via a feed screw, over
the mandrel carried cylinder. .{D= ?; Es= mandril
transversal; F= mandrin à mouvement transversal}.
traza .{Es} * see trace .{E}.
treatment .{E} * In moving-image productions, a general
description of the production somewhere between an
outline and a full screenplay.30. .{D= Synopsis; Es=
adaptación; sinópsis; F= synopsis; scénario; adaptatio}.
treatment .{F} * see syntagma .{E}.

treble boost .{E} * An accentuation of higher audio
frequencies, normally produced by an equalizer or tone
control, a questionable practice in archival sound
recordings.(04.) .{D= Höhenanhebung; Es= refuerzo de los
(sonidos) agudos; F= renforcement des sons aigu}.
Treffrequente Gleichlaufschwankung .{D} * see wow .{E}.
trémolo .{Es} * see flutter .{E}.
Trennspur .{D} * see guard band .{E}.
trepidación .{Es} * see chatter .{E}.
très longue durée .{F} * see super long play (SLP) .{E}.
Tresorraum .{D} * see vault .{E}.
tría .{Es} * see disposal .{E}.
triacetate .{E}
triacetato .{Es} * see triacetate .{E}.
triacetato de celulosa .{Es} * see cellulose triacetate (1)
.{E}.
triage .{E;F} * The process of sorting materials, especially
during or after a disaster, to determine priority or
appropriate treatment; also the determination of priorities
for action in an emergency.07. .{D= ?; Es= sistema de
asignación de prioridades}.
triaje óptico * see optical printing .{E}.
trial print .{E} * see answer print.
triax .{E} * abbreviation for coaxial cable.??
Triazetat .{D} * see triacetate .{E}.
Trichter .{D} * see horn .{E}.
Trihydroxybenzene .{E} * see pyrigallic acid 1:2:3.
trim setting .{E} * The manual control of the light values in
additive printing; see also tape setting.09. .{D= ?; Es=
control manual de luz (artificial); F= réglage couleurs
système additif (vid)}.
trim-in .{E} * The procedure for modifying the time code
which defines the beginning of a scene in a computer
controlled audio or video editing system. This requires the
editor to enter a number of frames, either positive or
negative, representing the amount of modification to start
of the scene. .{D= ?; Es= inserción del punto de entrada
(vídeo); F= insertion du point d'entrée (montage vidéo)}.
trim-out .{E} * The procedure for modifying the time code
defining the end of a scene in a computer controlled audio
or video editing system. Trim-out requires the editor to type
in a number of frames, either positive or negative,
representing the amount of modification to end of the
scene. .{D= ?; Es= inserción del punto de salida (vídeo);
F= insertion du point de sortie (montage vidéo)}.
trims .{E} * Unused remnants cut from shots in a motionpicture
film. Trims may be carefully classified and put away
since, in the progress of working from a rough cut towards
a fine cut, they may be needed for incorporation in the
finished film.(12.) .{D= Schnittreste; Es= descartes
(montaje de película); F= chutes de montage; chutes}.
triple duración .{Es} * see triple play .{E}.
triple durée .{F} * see triple play .{E}.
triple play .{E} * An extra long-play magnetic tape for
227
maximum recording time. In general, such tape is thinner
and, thus, less acceptable for archival use. .{D=
Dreifachspiel; Es= triple duración; F= triple durée; tripler
longeur}.
Trockenschrank .{D} * see drying cabinet .{E}.
Trockensilber-verfahren .{D} * see dry silver process .{E}.
Trocknen von Luft .{D} * see dehumidify .{E}.
trompa .{Es} * see horn .{E}.
trompa acústica de fonógrafo .{Es} * see enclosed horn
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
trompa acústica de gramófono .{Es} * see enclosed horn
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
trompa de fonógrafo .{Es} * see horn
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
trompa de gramófono .{Es} * see horn
phonograph/gramophone .{E}.
trompa de registro [grabación] .{Es} * see recording horn
.{E}.
trompa [bocina] de registro [grabación] .{Es} * see
recording horn .{E}.
tronquer .{F} * see truncate .{E}.
trope .{E;F} * Any artistic device, such as a figure of
speech or a symbol. A moving-image production, being a
comprehensive art, can avail itself of the tropes of music,
paint-ing, literature, drama, architecture, and other arts. In
addition it has tropes of its own which it does not share
with other arts: the zip pan, for example, or rack
focusing.30. .{D= ?; Es= tropo}.
tropo .{Es} * see trope .{E;F}.
troquel .{Es} * see punch .{E}.
trou d'aiguille .{F} * see needle dig (ND) .{E}.
trouble .{F} * see blur .{E}.
trozo de cinta .{Es} * see lap splice .{E}.
trozo de cinta empalmado .{Es} * see lap splice .{E}.
trucages .{F} * see effects .{E}.
trucages .{F} * see effects; optical effects .{E}.
truco .{Es} * see optical printer .{E}.
Truco .{D} * see optical printer .{E}.
trucos .{Es} * see mat (matte) .{E}.
truncada .{Es} * see truncated stylus .{E}.
truncado .{Es} * see truncate .{E}.
truncar .{Es} * see truncate .{E}.
truncate .{E} * In digital recording, to eliminate without
round-ff some low-order bits after performing an arithmetic
computation.39. .{D= abkappen; kappen; Es= truncado;
truncar; cortar; F= tronquer}.
truncated stylus .{E} * Specially formed conical or elliptical
stylus for audio disc reproduction. .{D= gekoppter
Abtastnadel; Es= punta cortada [truncada]; F= pointe
tronquée}.

truquiste .{F} * see switcher .{E}.
tubby .{E} * see boomy.
tube .{E} * see vacuum tube.
tube à photoconduction .{F} * see photoconductive storage
tube .{E}.
tube à rayons cathodiques (TRC) .{F} * see CRT .{E}.
tube à vide .{F} * see vacuum tube .{E}.
tube analyseur .{F} * see camera tube .{E}.
tube cathodique .{F} * see cathode-ray tube (CRT) .{E}.
tube d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording tube .{E}.
tube de caméra .{F} * see camera tube; pickup tube .{E}.
tube de prise de vue .{F} * see pickup tube .{E}.
tube écran .{F} * see picture tube .{E}.
tube image .{F} * see picture tube .{E}.
tube orthicon .{F} * see image orthicon tube .{E}.
tube photoémetteur .{F} * see photoemissive storage tube
.{E}.
tube trameur d'image .{F} * see image dissector tube .{E}.
tube viticon .{F} * see vidicon .{E}.
tubes d'écoute .{F} * see hearing tubes .{E}.
tubo analizador (de televisión) .{Es} * see pickup tube;
camera tube .{E}.
tubo de almacenamiento fotoemisor .{Es} * see
photoemissive storage tube .{E}.
tubo de grabación .{Es} * see recording tube .{E}.
tubo de imagen .{Es} * see picture tube .{E}.
tubo de rayos catódicos .{Es} * see cathode-ray tube
(CRT) .{E}.
tubo de registro .{Es} * see recording tube .{E}.
tubo de vacío .{Es} * see vacuum tube .{E}.
tubo disector de imagen .{Es} * see image dissector tube
.{E}.
tubo Superorticón .{Es} * see image orthicon tube .{E}.
tubo tomavistas .{Es} * see camera tube .{E}.
tubo tomavistas (de cámara) .{Es} * see pickup tube .{E}.
Tubo de Rayos Catódicos .{Es} * see CRT .{E}.
tubos de escucha .{Es} * see hearing tubes .{E}.
tuerca de avance .{Es} * see feed nut .{E}.
tuilage .{F} * see fluting .{E}.
Tüll .{D} * see diffuser .{E}.
tungsten light .{E} * Light produced by an electrically
heated filament having a continuous spectral
distribution.09. .{D= ?; Es= luz de tungsteno; F= lumière
au tungstène; lumière tungstèere}.
228
turbio .{Es} * see muddy .{E}.
turntable .{E} * The equipment which turns a disc recording
at the proper speed for playback, includes a motor or other
power source, a drive system (belt or direct drive), and
platter for holding the disc.(04.) .{D= Plattenspieler; Es=
tocadiscos; giradiscos; F= platine tourne-disque}.
tv mask .{E} * A cover used in the viewfinder of a camera
to block off those areas which will not be reproduced on a
tv screen so that no important action will be included in
them.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= máscara de [para] televisión; F=
masque; masque (tv)}.
TV .{E} * abbreviation for television.
TVHD .{F} * see HDTV .{E}.
tweeter .{E;F} * A loudspeaker designed to reproduce only
the treble or high frequencies of the audible spectrum.16.
.{D= Höhenlautsprecher; Es= altavoz de agudos}.
two shot .{E} * A photographic shot of two people.
Likewise, three-shot.(30.) .{D= Halbnah; Es= plano
americano; F= plan américain; plan moyen; plan de deux
personnages}.
two track .{E} * Designation of the number of recorded
channels on a magnetic tape recording which use two
channels of sound on the tape, with both channels going
in the same direction. The resulting tape recording is
generally stereophonic, although monophonic signals may,
also, be so recorded; see also half-track. .{D= Zweispur;
Halbspur; Es= dos pistas; F= deux pistes; bi piste}.
two track recording .{E} * The arrangement in which only
two channels of sound may be recorded, either as a stereo
pair in one direction or as separate monophonic tracks
(usually in opposite directions).16. .{D=
Halbspuraufnahme; Es= grabación en [de, por] dos pistas;
F= enregistrement deux pistes; bi-piste}.
two-axis actuator .{E} * Mechanical device holding the
objective lens of an optical pickup, able to move the lens
horizontally and vertically for tracking and focus-ing.39.
.{D= ?; Es= accionador [servomotor] de doble eje; F=
actuateur deux axes (photo)}.
two-minute cylinder .{E} * Those audio cylinder recordings
which have 100 t.p.i. and a playing duration of about two
minutes.(14.) .{D= Zweiminutenzylinder; Es= cilindro de
dos minutos (de duración); F= cylindre deux minutes}.
type a .{F} * see a-wind picture .{E}.
type A reel .{E} * A metal or plastic audio tape reel with a
three-inch center hole that has a diameter of 10.5inches.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= bobina tipo A; F= bobine type A}.
type b .{F} * see b-wind picture .{E}.
type B reel .{E} * A plastic 5/16-inch center hole audio tape
reel that has a diameter of 3, 5, 7, or 10.5-inches.(10.) .{D=
?; Es= bobina tipo B; F= bobine type B}.
type C recorder .{E} * A helical videotape format using one
inch magnetic tape that wraps around a rotating upper
drum which is mounted on a stationary lower drum. The
upper drum makes a complete revolution each TV field
and each videotape track records a complete TV field. .{D=
?; Es= grabadora [registradora] tipo C; F= enregistreur
type C}.
type M .{E;F} * The halfinch VHS videotape format.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= tipo M}.
u ---

u channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present allocated to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal U; F= canal u}.
U-matic .{D;E;Es;F} * The Sony trade name for a semiprofessional,
#-inch, composite video tape format in a
cassette; also refers to the recording of PCM-coded digital
audio signals, used in some areas in the mastering of
CDs.(06.)
U-matic H .{D;E;Es;F} * The Sony trade name for a
broadcast quality, semi-professional, non-segmented field
#-inch, composite videotape format in a cassette recording
system in which each television field is recorded onto a
single track.(06.)
U-matic SP .{D;E;Es;F} * A videotape cassette format
compatible with U-matic, but with improved video using a
special oxide tape.(10.)
Überbelichtung .{D} * see over-exposure .{E}.
Überblendung .{D} * see dissolve .{E}; mix .{E}.
Übergabe .{D} * see transfer .{E}.
Übernahme .{D} * see transfer .{E}.
Übersetzer .{D} * see compiler .{E}.
Überspielung .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.
Überspielung Film auf Magnetband .{D} * see film-to-tape
transfer .{E}.
Übersprechen .{D} * see crosstalk .{E}.
Übersteuerung .{D} * see overmodulation .{E}.
Übertragung .{D} * see rerecording .{E}.
Übertragung .{D} * see transfer .{E}. UL .{E} * acronym for
Underwriters Laboratories.
ultaviolette Strahlung .{D} * see ultraviolet radiation .{E}.
ultimate tensile strength .{E} * The force per unit crosssectional
area required to break a tape or length of base
film. Usually given in pounds per square inch.46. .{D= ?;
Es= prueba de resistencia a la rotura; F= charge de
rupture à la traction}.
ultra violet .{F} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.
ultra-grand angulaire .{F} * see fish-eye lens .{E}.
ultra-microfiche .{E} * see ultrafiche.
Ultra-Panavision .{D;E;Es;F} * see Panavision.
ultraficha .{Es} * see ultrafiche .{E;F}.
ultrafiche .{E;F} * Microfiche containing images with a
reduction ratio of 90x or more; see also microfiche.(01.22.)
.{D= Ultrafiche; Es= ultraficha}.
Ultrafiche .{D} * see ultrafiche .{E;F}.
Ultraschall .{D} * see ultrasonic .{E}.
Ultraschallreinigung .{D} * see ultrasonic cleaning .{E}.
ultrasonic .{E} * Sound frequencies too high to be audible
to humans (generally, beyond 20 kHz). .{D= Ultraschall;
Es= ultrasónico; F= ultrasonique}.
ultrasonic cleaning .{E} * A method of cleaning materials in
a system consisting of a tank, a cleaning solution, and an
229
oscillator operating in the ultrasonic wave frequencies.(04.)
.{D= Ultraschallreinigung; Es= limpieza ultrasónica; F=
nettoyage aux ultra-sons}.
ultrasónico .{Es} * see ultrasonic .{E}.
ultraviolet (UV) .{E} * Electromagnetic radiation at
frequencies higher than visible light yet lower than those of
x-rays.39. .{D= Ultraviolet; Es= ultravioleta (UV); F= ultra
violet}.
ultraviolet light (UV) .{E} * Light waves beyond the violet
portion of the visible spectrum, shorter than those of visible
violet light and longer than those of x-rays.01. .{D=
ultraviolettes Licht; Es= luz ultravioleta (UV); F= lumière
ultra violet}.
ultraviolet radiation .{E} * Radiation at the very short
wavelength end of the spectrum, not visible to the eye. It
produces fluorescence in some materials. The effects are
more easily registered on film than visually. Some
unwanted ultra-violet radiation can be controlled by filters;
see also UV.09. .{D= ultaviolette Strahlung; Es= radiación
ultravioleta (UV); F= radiation ultra violet}.
Ultraviolet .{D} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.
ultravioleta (UV) .{Es} * see ultraviolet (UV) .{E}.
ultraviolettes Licht .{D} * see ultraviolet light (UV) .{E}.
umbrella .{E} * In video production, an reflector is used to
produce soft fill lighting by bouncing and diffusing the light
source onto the subject. the device used physically
resembles a rain umbrella. .{D= ?; Es= paraguas
(iluminación); F= réflecteur parapluie}.
umbrella series .{E} * A broad title identification for a group
of separate television series which have been linked
together, primarily for publicity purposes.12. .{D= ?; Es=
identificación de series de televisión; F= titre de série ?
(vid)}.
Umdrehungen pro Minute .{D} * see revolutions per minute
(RPM) .{E}.
Umgebungslärm .{D} * see ambient noise .{E}.
Umkehrfilm .{D} * see reversal film .{E}.
Umlaufblende .{D} * see shutter .{E}.
Umschlag .{D} * see cover .{E}.
Umschlingung .{D} * see wrap; wraparound .{E}.
Umschlingungswinkel .{D} * see warping angle .{E}.
Umschnitt .{D} * see transfer .{E}.
under-exposure .{E} * A photographic condition in which
too little light reaches the film, producing a thin negative or
a dark reversal or print.(09.) .{D= Unterbelichting; Es=
subexposición; F= sous-exposition}.
undercranked .{E} * see fast motion.
underground films .{E} * A moving-image production made
on a small budget; non--commercial cinema which usually
purports to be more 'artistic' or 'relevant' than commercial
cinema.30. .{D= Untergrundfilme; Es= películas
underground; películas no convencionales; F= films d'art
et d'essais}.
underscan .{E} * Normally a video monitor will cut off
approximately 10 % of the picture and is referred to as
overscan. In underscan, the picture is reduced so that the
entire video area is displayed on the monitor. .{D= ?; Es=

subarrido; subdesviación (del haz explorador); F=
réduction de balayage sur un écran vidéo}.
unedited materials .{E} * Audio and moving-image
materials which have not been subjected to any systematic
selection, arranging, or cutting procedures.(12.) .{D=
unveröffentlichte Materialien; Es= materiales inéditos; F=
documents inédits (son & vid); matériels inedités}.
Ungeziefer .{D} * see vermin .{E}.
unidad central central de procesado .{Es} * see central
processing unit .{E}.
unidad de datos .{Es} * see field (6) .{E}.
unidad de fichero .{Es} * see file section .{E}.
unidad de flujo luminoso .{Es} * see lumen (LM) .{D;E}.
unidad de grabaciones .{Es} * see record series .{E}.
unidad de registros .{Es} * see record series .{E}.
uniform title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, the particular
title by which a work that has appeared under varying titles
is to be identified for cataloguing purposes; see also
original release title.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título uniforme; F=
titre uniforme}.
uniforme linéaire .{F} * see flat response .{E}.
uniformidad .{Es} * see uniformity .{E}.
uniformité .{F} * see uniformity .{E}.
uniformity .{E} * In magnetic tape recording, the extent to
which the output remains free from variations in amplitude.
Uniformity is usually specified in terms of the positive and
negative deviations from the average output within a roll of
tape.46. .{D= Abweichung; Es= uniformidad; constancia;
F= uniformité}.
unión de dos cortes de sonido .{Es} * see bridge (2) .{E}.
unión de pixel .{Es} * see pixel pairing .{E}.
unité centrale .{F} * see central processing unit .{E}.
unité d'enregistrement .{F} * see entry .{E}.
unité d'enregistrements .{F} * see record series .{E}.
unité de programme enregistrable .{F} * see file section
.{E}.
unité lecteur/enregistreur de disque dur .{F} * see disc
drive .{E}.
unmodulated groove .{E} * see blank groove.
unobstructed access .{E} * Access is termed to be
unobstructed in optical digital data discs when the
recording zone may be accessed by the read/write optical
head scanning in from outside the outer disc edge without
raising or lowering the optical lens assembly, with the disc
mounted to the spindle.46. .{D= ?; Es= acceso libre; F=
accès libre; accès inobstrué}.
unripe disc .{E} * see green disc.
unscharf .{D} * see blur .{E}.
Unschärfe .{D} * see blur .{E}.
unsteady .{E} * A defect term for moving-image
productions signifying that the image moves when it should
remain steady. .{D= ?; Es= inestable; F= instable; peu
230
stable}.
Unterbelichting .{D} * see under-exposure .{E}.
Untergrundfilme .{D} * see underground films .{E}.
Unterrichtsfilm .{D} * see educational film/video .{E}.
Unterrichtsvideo .{D} * see educational film/video .{E}.
Unverletzlichkeit (eines provenienzmässigen
Archivbestands) .{D} * see archival integrity .{E}.
unveröffentlichte Materialien .{D} * see unedited materials
.{E}.
up cut .{E} * 1) A procedure that creates over-records.
Typically when the previous scene is laid longer than
desired. The next scene is cued to begin before the end of
the first scene. 2) An editing error which allows the second
scene or sound to begin before the previous one is
completed. .{D= ?; Es= error de montaje; F= 1) ? 2) erreur
de montage}.
UPC .{E} * acronym for Universal Product Code.
uplink .{E} * A technical facility for the transmission of a
signal to a satellite. 2) The process of transmitting a signal
to a satellite. .{D= ?; Es= conexión [transmisión] vía
satélite; F= liaison montante; liaison terre / satellite}.
UpM .{D} * see revolutions per minute (RPM;R.P.M.) .{E}.
upright .{E} * The shelving segment which frames the width
of the bay and supports the shelves within the bay.22. .{D=
Trägerelement einer Regalanlage; Es= montante;
larguero; F= montant}.
Urheberrecht .{D} * see copyright .{E;F}.
Urschrift .{D} * see original .{E;Es;F}.
Ursprungsland .{D} * see c-use .{E}.
usage grâcieux .{F}. usage non commercial .{F}. see fairuse
.{E}.
usage non commercial .{F} * see fair-use .{E}.
usario .{Es} * see reader (1) .{E}; user .{E}.
USASI .{E} * acronym for United States of America
Standards Institute.
user .{E} * A person who consults documents in an
archive; also called a listener, reader, researcher,
viewer.(22.) .{D= Benutzer; Benützer; Es= lector;
investigador; usario.; F= chercheur; utilisateur; lecteur}.
user bits .{E} * Unassigned portions of the time code signal
used by the user to indicate various things such as reel
numbers, shot or take I.D., location, date or other
personnel data. .{D= ?; Es= bites de [para] usuario; F= bits
utilisateu}.
user friendly .{E} * Computer equipment, hardware, and
software that is easy to learn and operate. Primarily used
to indicate computer hardware and software.(10.) .{D=
benützerfreundlich; Es= máquina amiga; máquina de fácil
manejo; F= appareil de mesure des ultraviolets}.
UV filter .{E} * A material used to filter the ultraviolet rays
out of visible light. Ultraviolet radiation is potentially
damaging to library, archival, and museum objects. More
is present in sunlight and fluorescent light than in
incandescent light. Removing UV radiation from storage,
use, and exhibition spaces can reduce the rate of
deterioration of library materials stored there. Usually a UV

filtering material is placed over windows or fluorescent light
tubes or built into glass used in framing or exhibition
cases. Certain acrylic sheet materials have UV filtering
properties built in.17. Filtration is necessary when the
proportion of UV in the light is more that 75 #w/lm. The
simplest way to reduce UV radiation from fluorescent
lamps is to install filtering sleeves, tubes or shields which
incorporate various organic compounds with ultraviolet
absorbing properties. Plexiglas UF-1 is practically
colourless and does not interfere with colour rendering.
Plexiglas uf-3 is somewhat yellow but also a better UV
absorber; see also UV monitor.17. .{D= UV-Filter; Es= filtro
ultravioleta; F= filtre UV}.
UV monitor .{E} * A device which measures the proportion
of ultraviolet radiation in the light as microwatts of UV
radiation per lumen (of visible light). If a light source emits
more than about 75 #w/lm it requires a UV filter or
absorbing material; see also Crawford UV monitor type
760.(53.) .{D= ?; Es= monitor ultravioleta; F=
monitorultraviolet}.
UV-Filter .{D} * see UV filter .{E}.
v ---
v channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present allocated to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal v; F= canal v}.
V/U .{E} * acronym for volume unit.
V/U-meter .{E} * A piece of equipment which indicates
audio frequency power levels in deciBels relative to a fixed
reference level. The meter movement differs from those of
ordinary voltmeters in that it has a specified ballistic
response adapted to monitoring speech and music. Used
in many home and most professional recorders to monitor
recording levels and maintain them within distortion
limits.16. .{D= V/U-Meter; Es= medidor V/U; F= ?}.
V/U-Meter .{D} * see V/U-meter .{E}.
vacuum drying .{E} * The treatment of water soaked paper
documents by placing them at room temperature in a
vacuum chamber, slowly evacuating the air until the
temperature reaches the freezing point and then
proceeding through a series of cycles, the number
dependent on the wetness of the documents, in which the
chamber is alternately filled with hot, dry air and evacuated
until the temperature of the documents is raised to
10°C/50°F; see also freeze drying.22. .{D=
Vakuumtrocknung; Es= secado en cámera de vacio; F=
séchage par le vide}.
vacuum tube .{E} * A sealed shaft containing a rarefied air
or gas and electrodes; used to control, detect, amplify,
etc., the flow of electrons. Most operations performed by
vacuum tubes are now carried out by transistors and/or
integrated circuits; also called a tube or a valve. .{D=
Elektronenröhre; Röhre; Vakuumröhre; Es= tubo de vacío;
F= tube à vide; lampe à vide; tube vide}.
valeur marchande .{F} * see fair market value .{E} .
valor archivístico .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.
valor como objeto .{Es} * see artifactual value .{E}.
valor de cresta .{Es} * see peak .{E}.
valor evidente .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.
valor histórico .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.
valor intrínseco .{Es} * see intrinsic value .{E}.
valor justo de mercado .{Es} * see fair market value .{E}.
231
valor justo de venta .{Es} * see fair market value .{E}.
valor justo de venta [de mercado] .{ES} * see fair market
value .{E}.
valor legal .{Es} * see legal value .{E}.
valor patente .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.
valor permanente .{Es} * see archival value .{E}.
valor pH .{Es} * see pH value .{E}.
valor pH .{Es} * see pH value .{E}.
valor probatorio .{Es} * see evidential value .{E}.
valoración .{Es} * see titration .{E}.
valve .{E} * see vacuum tube.
válvula (de luz) .{Es} * see light valve .{E}.
válvula cinéscopica .{Es} * see picture tube .{E}.
vameur intrinsèque .{F} * see intrinsic value .{E}.
Van der Waals' forces .{E} * Weak, nonspecific forces
between molecules.41. .{D= ?; Es= ?; F= ?}.
variable-area soundtrack .{E} * Optical sound record on
motion picture film in which the modulations are
represented by the varying width of the image.(09.) .{D=
Zackenschrift; Tonband im Zackenschrift-System; Es=
banda sonora de área [zona] variable; F= piste sonore à
densité fixe}.
variable-density soundtrack .{E} * Optical sound record on
motion picture film in which the modulations are shown in
the gradations from dark to light.(09.) .{D= Sprossenschrift;
Tonband im Sprossenschrift; Es= banda sonora de
densidad fija; F= ?}.
variable-density soundtrack .{E} ** =F= piste sonore à
densité variable .{F}.
variabler Rillenrorschub .{D} * see variable groove pitch
.{E}.
variación, cambio de fase .{Es} * see phase shift .{E}.
variación con cambios mínimos .{Es} * see variation with
minor changes .{E}.
variant edition .{E} * A publication (i.e., a commercially
issued sound recording or video tape) which differs in any
way from other copies of that publication. For sound
recordings it is similar to a repressing except that the
difference might even occur in the course of a single
pressing run.(04.) .{D= ?; Es= edición variante; F= édition
variente}.
variant title .{E} * In a bibliographic citation, any variation
of the title proper, including such as the parallel title,
rerelease/reissue title, translation title, working title,
etc.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título variante; F= titre variante}.
variante avec peu de changements .{F} * see variation with
m-image production with minor (i.e., non-significant)
changes from the original issue. A variation with minor
changes is distinguished from a version with major
changes by the type and extent of the alterations; see also
edition.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= variación con cambios mínimos;
F= variante avec peu de changements}.
variations d'écartement tête-bande .{F} * see tape-to-head
separation changes .{E}.

varilla guía .{Es} * see back rod (guide rod) .{E}.
vástago .{Es} * see pin .{E}.
Vater .{D} * see father .{E}.
vault .{E} * 1) For nitrate based film, a facility constructed
and equipped in accordance with NFPA 40 .{section 4-3 or
4-5}.(34.) 2) A maximum security storage area constructed
of fire-resistant material and structurally independent from
the building in which it is located.22. .{D= Depot; Gewölbe;
Tresorraum; Es= almacén; cámera de seguridad; F=
casemate; local de stockage de films à humidité et
température contrôlées; dépôt; chambre forte}.
VBV .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for video-black-video. .{D= ?;
Es= ?; F= ?}.
vecteur .{F} * see vector .{E}.
vecteurscope .{F} * see vectorscope .{E}.
vector .{E;Es} * A mathematical representation of a force
in a particular direction. In television, it is used to measure
colour information where the angle represents the he and
the length represents the saturation. .{D= ?; F= vecteur}.
vectoreoscopio .{Es} * see vectorscope .{E}.
vectorscope .{E} * A specialized oscilloscope that is used
to display the saturation and hue of a video signal. .{D= ?;
Es= vectoreoscopio; F= vecteurscope; oscilloscope
vectoriel}.
velado .{Es} * see fogging .{E}.
veladura (en películas) a causa de la luz .{Es} * see light
piping .{E}.
velo .{Es} * see fog .{E}.
velocidad .{Es} * see speed .{E}.
velocidad (de película) sonora .{Es} * see sound speed
.{E}.
velocidad angular constante .{Es} * see constant angular
velocity (CAV) .{E}.
velocidad BSI .{Es} * see BSI speeds .{E}.
velocidad de (la) máquina .{Es} * see machine speed (1)
.{E}.
velocidad de (transferencia) de bits .{Es} * see bit rate .{E}.
velocidad de avance de la cinta .{Es} * see tape speed
.{E}.
velocidad de cámara .{Es} * see camera speed .{E}.
velocidad de la proyección .{Es} * see machine speed (2)
.{E}.
velocidad de película .{Es} * see film speed .{E}.
Verblassen .{D} * see fade .{E}.
Verfilmung für Benutzungszwecke .{D} * see reference
microfilming .{E}.
Verformung .{D} * see buckle .{E}.
Vergrößerungsgrad .{D} * see magnification .{E}.
Vergröszerung .{D} * see enlargement .{E}.
verkleinert Kopieren .{D} * see reduction printing .{E}.
232
Verkleinerungsmaßstab .{D} * see reduction ratio .{E}.
verre opalisé .{F} * see opal glass .{E}.
verres polarisants .{F} * see polarized glasses .{E}.
verrouillage .{F} * see interlock .{E}.
verrouillage de trame .{F} * see framing .{E}.
Versandbedingungen .{D} * see shipping environment .{E}.
Verschlußsache .{D} * see closed file .{E}.
Verschlußsache/n .{D} * see closed file .{E}.
Verschwommenheit .{D} * see blur .{E}.
Vershlusz .{D} * see shutter .{E}.
version avec changements majeurs .{F} * see version with
major changes .{E}.
versión con grandes cambios .{Es} * see version with
major changes .{E}.
verstärken .{D} * see amplify .{E}.
Verstärker .{D} * see amplifier .{E}.
Vertaulichkeit .{D} * see concordance .{E}.
vertical cut .{E} * A description of a type of an analogue
audio signal in which the sound vibrations are cut or
indented into the bottom of the groove of equal width (e.g.
Edison's Diamond Disc, Pathé discs); also known as hilland-dale,
because of the ridges and valleys in the bottom
of the groove, or phonograph-cut records; see also lateral
cut. .{F= gravure verticale .{F}. gravure en profondeur .{D=
Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme; Edisonschrift-Aufnahme; Es=
corte vertical; F}; ?; coupe vertical}.
vertical cut recording .{E} * A sound recording in which the
audio signal is cut or indented into the bottom of the
groove instead of the sides (lateral recording) causing the
stylus to move up and down within the groove; used in
cylinders, in some early acoustic discs, and in some
transcription disc recordings. Its advantage in early
recording was that the depth of cut dictated the volume of
sound, while in lateral recording heavy engraving could
cause the stylus to break into an adjoining groove.(04.)
.{D= Tiefenschrift-Aufnahme; Es= grabación de corte
vertical; F}; enregistrement vertical; enregistrement à
gravure verticale}.
vertical drive pulse .{E} * Moves the electron beam down
the face of the pick up tube one line at a time during field
scanning. Also moves the beam back to the top of the
picture during vertical blanking. .{F= impulsions verticales
(vid) .{D= ?; Es= impulso de desviación vertical; impulso
de cronización de barrido vertical; F= impulsions verticales
(vid)}.
vertical filing .{E} * The storage of documents in a upright
position as distinguished from flat filing or horizontal
filing.(22.) .{F= rangement vertical .{D= Vertikalablage; Es=
instalación vertical; F}; rangement vertical}.
vertical interval .{E} * That portion of the video signal that
includes the vertical blanking, the vertical sync pulses and
the pre- and post-equalizing pulses. It is also the area
where other information that is carried with the television
signal, such as captioning, teletext and satellite
instructions, are inserted. .{F= intervalle de trame .{D= ?;
Es= intervalo vertical; F= intervalle de trame}.
vertical interval time code (VTIC) .{E} * A SMPTE/ANSI
time code developed to identify the individual frames of

video; has two formats, the longitudinal time code (LTC)
and the vertical interval time code (VITC). .{D= ?; Es=
código de tiempo de intervalo vertical; F= temps codé
intervalle vertical; code temporel inséré danrant l'intervalle
de suppression de trame (VITC); code horaire inscrit dans
l'espace de suppression trame (VITC)}.
vertical mode .{E} * see cine mode.
vertical recording .{E} * see vertical cut recording.
vertical resolution .{E} * The maximum number of horizo
Verwahrung .{D} * see custody; preservation .{E;F}.
Verwerfung .{D} * see warp .{E}.
Verzeichnung .{D} * see description .{E}.
Verzeichnungseinheit .{D} * see item .{E}.
Verzerrung .{D} * see distortion .{E;F}.
Verzerrungen im tiefen Frequenzbtereich .{D} * see low
frequency distortion .{E}.
vesicular film .{E} * A duplicating film, usually signreversing,
which uses heat alone to develop latent images
after exposure to ultraviolet light. The light-sensitive
component of the film is suspended in a plastic layer. On
exposure, the component creates optical vesicles
(bubbles) in the layer. These imperfections form the latent
image. The latent image becomes visible and permanent
by heating the plastic layer and then allowing it to cool. It
is not generally considered to be of archival quality. At one
time the film was referred to as Kalvar, after the company
that originally produced it.01.(22.) .{D= Vesikularfilm; Es=
película vesicular; F= film vesiculaire; vesiculaire}.
Vesikularfilm .{D} * see vesicular film .{E}.
vestigio .{Es} * see trace .{E}.
VHS-C .{E;Es;F} * A mini-cassette about a third the size of
the standard VHS cassette. It was designed for use in VHS
camcorders. The VHS-C cassettes can be used in a
standard VHS play back machine with the use of an
adapter. .{D= ?}.
VHS-C (ver VHS) .{Es} * see VHS-C .{E}.
vibración .{Es} * see chatter .{E}; flutter .{E}.
vibración (de la imagen) .{Es} * see jitter .{D;E}.
vice interne .{F} * see inherent vice .{E} .
vicio inherente .{Es} * see inherent vice .{E}.
vicio inherente [intrínseco] .{Es} * see inherent vice .{E} .
vide .{F} * see blank .{E}.
video .{D;E;Es;F} * 1) From the Latin videre, meaning to
see. 2) A synonym for television, but generally applied to
non-broadcast recordings. 3) A prefix used for numerous
television components and circuits.(10.)
video archives .{E} * 1) Archives which collect television
recordings with related documents (i.e., pictorial, textual,
etc.). 2) An institution responsible for the acquisition,
preservation, and communication of television and related
materials; see also archives.(06.23.) .{F= archives video
.{D= Video-Archiv; Es= videoteca; F= archives video}.
Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) .{D;E;Es;F} * The trade
name of a Philips video recording system on 1/2-inch
videotape in cassettes.(06.)
233
Video Home System (VHS) .{D;E;Es;F} * Trade name of
the JVC ½-inch videocassette system.(19.06.)
vidéo éducative .{F} * see educational film/video .{E}.
vidéo éducative/film éducatif .{F} * see educational
film/video .{E}.
vidéo légère (EFP) .{F} * see electronic field production
(EFP) .{E}.
vidéo numérique interactive .{F} * see digital video
interactive (DVI) .{E}.
vídeo interactivo digital .{Es} * see digital video interactive
(DVI) .{E}.
Video-Archiv .{D} * see video archives .{E}.
video-black-video (VBV) .{E;Es;F} * A preview mode of a
computer editor that shows the human editor previously
recorded video from the record machine, black for the
duration of the new video, and previously recorded video
from the record machine. Also refer to VVV and BVB. .{D=
?}.
Video-Video-Video (VVV) .{E;Es;F} * A preview mode of a
computer editor which shows the human editor previously
recorded video from the record machine, new video to be
added, and previously recorded video from the record
machine. Also refer to VBV and BVB. .{D= ?}.
Videoband .{D} * see videotape .{E}.
videocassette .{E} * A cassette carrying videotape. .{F=
vidéocassette .{D= Videokassette; Es= vídeocinta; cinta de
vídeo; F= vidéocassette}.
vidéocassette .{F} * see videocassette .{E}.
videocinta .{Es} * see videotape .{E}.
vídeocinta .{Es} * see videocassette .{E}; videotape .{E}.
videodisc .{E} * A flat, circular platter on which both audio
and video information can be stored for playback by
means of either a LASER or a stylus; see also LASER
disc.(04.46) .{F= vidéodisque .{D= Bildplatte; Videoplatte;
Es= vídeodisco; F= vidéodisque}.
videodisco .{Es} * see videodisc .{E}.
vidéodisque .{F} * see videodisc .{E}.
Videokassette .{D} * see videocassette .{E}.
Videoplatte .{D} * see videodisc .{E}.
Videorecorder .{D} * see videotape recorder .{E}.
Videoröhre .{D} * see pickup tube .{E}.
videoteca .{Es} * see video archives .{E}.
vidicón .{Es} * see vidicon .{E}.
vidrio opal .{Es} * see opal glass .{E}.
vidrio opalino .{Es} * see opal glass .{E}.
vieillissement .{F} * see ageing .{E}.
vieillissement accéléré .{F} * see accelerated ageing .{E}.
vierge .{F} * see blank .{E}.
Viertelspur .{D} * see four-track recording; quarter-track
.{E}.

viewing copy .{E} * The duplicate of a still- or movingimage
item intended for consultation or use purposes in
order to preserve the original item.(06.) .{D=
Ansichtskopie; Es= copia de visionado; F= copie
visionnement}.
vignette .{E} * A masking device used in moving-image
production; see also iris-in, -out.30. .{D= ?; Es= máscara
(de objetivo); F= masque d'objectif; cache; masque}.
vinegar syndrome .{D;E} * An autocatalytic selfdecomposition
process of acetate cellulose under the
evaporation of acetic acid. Affected thus far are mainly
films, but the presumption is that all cellulose acetate
based materials will go through the same process. .{F=
syndrome du vinaigre; Es= síndrome [enfermedad] del
vinagre}.
vinilo .{Es} * see vinyl .{E}.
vinilo reciclado .{Es} * see recycled vinyl .{E}.
vinyl .{E} * 1) Abbreviation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 2)
Imprecisely used to refer to any of a number of plastics,
many of which are not appropriate for use in preservation.
For specific safe plastics; see also acrylic; polyester;
polypropylene; polyvinyl acetate. 3) A contemporary slang
term for a disc record; see also polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).04. .{D= 1) Polyvinylchlorid (PVC); Es= vinilo; F=
vinyle}.
vinyl chloride .{E} * see polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
visera de cámara .{Es} * see flag .{E}; gobo (3).
visible ink edge numbering .{E} * One of two ways in which
Kodak places edge numbers on its camera film (the other
being latent image edge numbering), in which the film
stock is numbered with a visible ink at the perforators. The
number is, in turn, printed on the emulsion surface of the
film and the numbers are, consequently, visible on both
the raw stock and the processed film.(09.) .{F= numéro de
bord à l'encre visible .{D= ?; Es= numeración con tinta
visible; F= numéro de bord à l'encre visible}.
visionnage .{F} * see screening .{E}.
visor, pantalla de códigos de tiempo .{Es} * see Time Code
Window (TCW) .{E}.
vista de plano .{Es} * see plan .{E;F}.
vista fija .{Es} * see slide .{E}.
Vistavision .{D;E;F} * A non-anamorphic process used
by Paramount Pictures in which none of the action took
place at the top or at the bottom of the screen so that
exhibitors with the proper aperture masks could choose
their own aspect ratio from 1.33 to 2.0. The negative was
made on 70-mm stock and reduced to 35-mm during
printing in order to reduce graininess.30. {Es=
Vistavisión}.
Vistavisión .{Es} * see Vistavision .{E}.
visual density .{E} * A measure of the light-controlling
power of the silver or dye deposited in a film emulsion
when it approximates to that of a human eye; see also
transmission density.09. .{D= ?; Es= densidad visual; F=
densité visuelle}.
visual range .{E} * That portion of light spectrum between
the infrared and the ultraviolet which can be seen by the
human eye.01. .{D= ?; Es= alcance visual; F= spectre
visible}.
visualisation du signal vidéo composite .{F} * see flat finish
.{E}.
234
VITC .{E} * acronym for vertical interval time code. .{D= ?;
Es= acrónimo de Código de Tiempo del Intervalo Vertical;
F= code horaire inscrit dans l'espace de suppression
trame}.
vitesse (de défilement) .{F} * see speed .{E}.
vitesse angulaire constante (VAC) .{F} * see constant
angular velocity (CAV) .{E}.
vitesse BSI .{F} * see BSI speeds .{E}.
vitesse contrôlée .{F} * see library wind .{E}.
vitesse d'émulsion .{F} * see emulsion speed .{E}.
vitesse de défilement de la bande bande .{F} * see tape
speed .{E}.
vitesse de défilement son .{F} * see sound speed .{E}.
vitesse de prise de vues .{F} * see camera speed .{E}.
vitesse de projection * see machine speed .{E}.
vitesse de ruban .{F} * see tape speed .{E}.
vitesse du film .{F} * see film speed .{E}.
vitesse du son .{F} * see speed of sound .{E}.
vitesse linéaire constante (VLC) .{F} * see constant linear
velocity (CLV) .{E}.
vitesse machine projection .{F} * see machine speed .{E}.
vitrina .{Es} * see display case .{E}.
Vitrine .{D} * see display case .{E}.
Vogelperspektive .{D} * see tilt shot .{E}.
voice-over .{E} * In moving-image productions, the
narrator's comments when the narrator is not seen; see
also commentative sound. Not to be con-fused with
overlap sound.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= voz en off; F= voix
commentaire; voix "off"}.
void .{E} * An area where material is missing on the
surface of a head track or on tape surface.46. .{F= lacune
.{D= ?; Es= laguna; F= lacune}.
voie .{F} * see channel .{E}.
voile .{F} * see fog; fogging; shrink wrap .{E}.
voile sur film nitrate .{F} * see nitrate bloom .{E}.
voix commentaire .{F} * see commentative sound; voiceover
.{E}.
voix off .{F} * see commentative sound; voice-over .{E}.
volant .{F} * see flywheel .{E}.
volante .{Es} * see flywheel .{E}.
volatilisation .{F} * see volatilization .{E}.
volatilización .{Es} * see volatilization .{E}.
volatilization .{E} * 1) A process frequently used in the
description of decomposition of materials whereby a
material is altered into a vapour. 2) Vaporization, caused
by a reaction to other materials with which it is combined
or to environmental conditions.(04.) .{D= ?; Es=
volatilización; F= vaporisation; volatilisation}.

volets articulés .{F} * see barn doors .{E}.
Vollspur .{D} * see full track .{E}.
voltaje del blanco .{Es} * see automatic target control .{E}.
voltímetro de cresta .{Es} * see peak programme meter
(PPM) .{E}.
volume .{E;F} * 1) Latin for 'a thing rolled up'. 2) A single
item which carries information (i.e. a book, a disc sound
recording, a CD-ROM). 3) The acoustical, rather than
electrical, measurement of the level setting of a sound
recording. Refers to the pressure of sound waves in terms
of dynes per square centimetre. The louder the sound, the
greater the pressure. Most technicians prefer to talk in
terms of deciBels.16. .{D= 2) Band; Nummer; 3)
Lautstärke; Es= volumen; F= intensité; volume}.
volume descripteur de fichier .{F} * see file structure
volume descriptor .{E}.
volume set .{E} * A collection of one or more volumes, on
which a set of files is recorded.20. .{D= ?; Es= ajuste de
volumen; F= ensemble de plusieurs volumes}.
volume unit meter .{E} * see V/U-meter.
volumen .{Es} * see volume .{E;F}.
voluta .{Es} * see scroll .{E}.
Vor-Verzerrung .{D} * see pre-emphasis (pre-equalization)
.{D;E}.
Vorführkopie .{D} * see release print .{E}.
Vorführung .{D} * see exhibition .{E}.
vorgereckt .{D} * see tensilized .{E}.
Vorlauf .{D} * see trailer .{D;E}.
Vorluf .{D} * see trailer .{D;E}.
Vormagnetisierung .{D} * see bias .{E}.
Vorspann .{D} * see leader; target; trailer .{D;E}.
Vorverstärker .{D} * see pre-amplifier .{E}.
Vorverzerrung .{D} * see emphasis .{E}.
voz en off .{Es} * see voice-over .{E}.
VPD .{E} * acronym for vapour phase deacidification.
VTR .{E} * acronym for video tape recorder.
VU-mètre .{F} * see VU-meter .{E}.
vuelta de contacto (con la cabeza) .{Es} * see wrap .{E}.
vulcanite .{D;E;Es;F} * A type of hard rubber which was the
first material used commercially by Emile Berliner in the
manufacture of his Gramophone disc recordings.04.
VVV .{E;Es;F} ** acronym for video-video-video.
w .{E} * abbreviation for wavelength.07.
w ---
w channel .{E} * One of the eight compact disc subcode
channels (p-w), at present allocated to CD graphics.(10.)
.{D= ?; Es= canal W; F= canal w}.
Wachsplatte .{D} * see wax disc .{E}.
235
Wachszylinder .{D} * see wax cylinder .{E}.
Wärmekopierverfahren .{D} * see thermography .{E}.
warp .{E} * 1) A vertical mechanical distortion of discs. 2)
A bend or distortion caused by unequal pressure on one
side of a material. May occur when an item, such as a disc
recording, is stored with inadequate pressure to keep it
upright. .{D= Verwerfung; Höhenschlag; Es= alabeo;
curvatura; F= déformation; gauchissement}.
water spot test .{E} * A photographic test involving the local
application of water by means of a swab to an emulsion.
The swelling of the emulsion by this solvent is a positive
test; see also alcohol spot-est.35. .{D= ?; Es= prueba de
solubilidad en agua; F= test de marque de séchage}.
watt .{D;E;Es;F} * The unit of electrical power equal to the
rate of work done by one ampere under a pressure of one
volt; named after the Scottish engineer, James Watt.(10.)
wave form .{E} * A periodic propagated disturbance in a
medium.39. .{D= Wellenform; Es= forma de onda; F= profil
d'onde}.
wave length (w) .{E} * In tape recording, and referring
specifically to the tape magnet-ization created by pure
single tone recording, the shortest physical distance
between two points of the same magnetic polarity and
intensity; also, when expressed in mils, the ratio of tape
speed (in IPS) to recorded frequency (in kHz).(16.) .{D=
Wellenlänge; Es= longitud de onda; F= longeur d'onde}.
waviness .{E} * Non-flat head top surface perpendicular to
tape motion due to different wear rates in top surface
materials in magnetic tape recording.07. .{D= ?; Es=
ondulaciones; F= onduleux}.
wavy pack .{E} * see blocked pack .{E}.
wax cylinder .{E} * A descriptive term used to distinguish
cylinder sound recordings made of wax as opposed to
celluloid or tinfoil. .{D= Wachszylinder; Es= cilindro de
cera; F= cylindre de cire}.
wax disc .{E} * A disc audio recording made of various
types of wax used widely for most instantaneous
recordings prior to the introduction of lacquer discs. .{D=
Wachsplatte; Aufnahmewachs; Es= disco de cera; F=
disque de cire}.
way-off-line .{E} * An editing procedure where the end
product is an edit decision list written on paper. This list
cannot be automatically entered into an on-line or off-line
system, it must be manually typed in. Way-off-line editing
is accomplished with inexpensive equipment and video
that has the time code displayed in the picture. .{F= édition
de la liste de décisions .{D= ?; Es= lista de edición final;
F= édition de la liste de décisions}.
wear product .{E} * Any material that is detached from a
carrier (i.e., magnetic tape, motion picture film) during
use.(46.) .{D= ?; Es= residuos del desgaste (de la cinta de
vídeo); F= produits d'usure}.
wear test .{E} * see durability.
wearability .{E} * see durability.
weave .{E} * see tape weave.
weich .{D} * see blur .{E}.
Weichmacher .{D} * see plasticizer .{E}.
Weichzeichner .{D} * see soft focus .{E}.
weighted noise .{E} * The noise measured within the audio

frequency pass band using a measuring instrument which
has a frequency selective characteristic. The sensitivity is
usually greatest in the frequency range where the ear is
most sensitive.16. .{D= bewertete Rauschspannung;
Geräuschspannungsabstand; Fremdspannungsabstand;
Es= ruido ponderado; F= bruit pondéré}.
weighted resistor converter .{E} * A type of digital-toanalogue
converter using resistors with values varying as
powers of two, used to generate a current proportional to
the input word.39. .{D= ?; Es= convertidor de resistencias
ponderadas; F= convertisseur à résistance pondérée}.
weighting characteristic .{E} * The shaped responsefrequency
characteristic of a measuring device used to
produce more realistic indications of the subjective effects
than are obtained with unweighted (flat) measurements.16.
.{D= Bewertungskurve; Es= característica de ponderación;
F= courbe caractéristique pondérée}.
weißer Wachszylinder .{D} * see white wax cylinders .{E}.
weißes Rauschen .{D} * see white noise .{E}.
Wellenform .{D} * see wave form .{E}.
Wellenlänge .{D} * see wave length (w) .{E}.
wellig werden .{D} * see curl/curling .{E}.
Werbefilm .{D} * see commercial .{E;F}.
Werbesendung .{D} * see commercial .{E;F}.
Wert .{D} * see legal value.
wet gate printer .{E} * Special motion picture film printer in
which film is immersed in liquid with the same refrac-tive
index as film which minimizes the effect of fine scratches
on the original.09. .{D= ?; Es= impresión [impresora] por
inmersión; F= tireuse par immersion}.
wet gate printing .{E} * see liquid gate printing.
wet silvering .{E} * In optical discs, a method of metallizing
a disc data surface.(39.) .{D= ?; Es= baño de plata en
seco; F= argenture à sec}.
white level compression .{E} * see analogue compression
.{E}.
white noise .{E} * 1) In lacquer discs, the increase in
playback noise caused by the drying out or loss of
plasticizer which creates a shrinkage of the coating,
exposing modules of imperfectly dispersed carbon black
as well as minute pores. 2) A specific type of random noise
in audio equipment or recordings.(04.) .{D= weißes
Rauschen; Es= ?; F}; blanc}.
white noise .{E} ** =Es= ruido blanco .{Es}.
white noise .{E} ** =F= bruit blanc .{F}.
Wickel .{D} * see reel pack .{E}; wind .{E}.
Wickelfestigkeit .{D} * see reel pack; blocked pack .{E}.
wide-angle lens .{E} * A lens with a very wide angle of view
which increases the illusion of depth and also in-creases
linear distortion; see also fish-eye lens, tele-photo lens,
forelengthening.30. .{D= ?; Es= (objetivo) gran angular; F=
objectif grand angulaire; grand angulaire}
Widerstand .{D} * see resistor .{E}.
widescreen .{E} * An aspect ratio of 1.65 or greater. Almost
all motion picture films today are in some way widescreen,
but widescreen processes are not necessarily anamorphic.
236
Some processes simply mask the top and bottom of the
aperture during filming in order to widen the image.
Techniscope utilizes a two-hole pull-down mechanism
when shooting, in order not to waste the masked frame
area. The most common non-anamorphic widescreen
ratios in use today are 1:1.66 and 1:1.85; see also
Cinemascope; Panavision; Vistavision.30. .{D= Breitwand;
Es= pantalla panorámica; F= écran large; écran
panoramique}
Wiederaufrollen .{D} * see rewinding .{E}.
Wiedergabe .{D} * see playback mode; reproduction .{E;F}.
Wiedergabe-Trichter .{D} * see reproducing horn .{E}.
Wiedergabegerät .{D} * see player .{E}.
Wiedergabekopf .{D} * see monitor head .{E}.
Wiedergaben .{D} * see playback .{D;E;Es;F}.
Wiedergabetreue .{D} * see fidelity .{E}.
wiedergeben .{D} * see read .{E}.
Wiederholung einer Aufnahme .{D} * see retake .{E}.
Wiederstand .{D} * see resistance .{E}.
wild shooting .{E} * A moving-image production technique
in which the sound and picture are not captured
simultaneously; see also post-synchronization direct
sound.(30.) .{D= ?; Es= toma muda (desincronización
sonido-imagen); F= tournage en muet}.
wild walls .{E} * Partitions of a moving-image production
set which have been constructed to be moved easily out of
the way so that camera posi-tions are possible that would
not be available on a practical set.30. .{D= ?; Es= paredes
móviles; F= cloisons mobiles; panneaux mobiles}.
wind .{E} * 1) The way in which film or tape is wound onto
a hub or reel; in film the wind may be either a-wind or bwind.
2) The process of transferring a film or tape from one
spool or reel to another.(46.06.) .{D= 1) Wickel; 2)
Umspulen; Es= enrollado; bobinado; rebobinado; F=
rembobinage; enroulement}.
winder-cleaner .{E} * A device designed to wind and clean
magnetic tape. .{D= ?; Es= limpieza de bobinado; F=
nettoyage-bobinage}.
winding .{E} * see a-wind raw stock; b-wind raw stock.
window board .{E} * A piece of board in a matte in which
an opening is cut to allow art work to be displayed.47. .{D=
?; Es= marco de cartón (para montaje de obra gráfica); F=
cache ? (ciné)}.
window opening .{E} * The aperture in a window board.47.
.{D= ?; Es= apertura de una ventana en un cartón; F=
ouverture dans le cache}.
Winkel mit konstanten Drehmoment .{D} * see constant
torque winding/spooling .{E}.
wipe .{E} * 1) A moving-image production technique in
which one image appears on the screen seeming to wipe
off the preceding image.(30.) 2) The process of removing
all previously recorded signals from a write-many medium,
such as a magnetic tape.(06.) 3) The generic term used to
describe a video transition where one picture is replaced
with another by a pattern moving across the screen. .{D=
Wischblende; Schiebeblende; löschen; Es= cierre por
caché móvil; cortinilla; borrado; F= ; volet; effacement; 1)
transition par fondu masqué 2) effacement; fermeture par
cache mobile}.

wire recording .{E} * An audio magnetic recording medium
which uses metal wire as the carrier of the recorded signal.
fil .{D= Magnetdrahtaufnahme; Drahtaufnahme; Es=
registro (magnetofónico) en hilo; F= enregistreur à fil}.
Wischblende .{D} * see wipe .{E}.
Wochenschau .{D} * see newsreel .{E}.
woofer .{E;F} * A loudspeaker designed specifically to
reproduce the bass or low frequencies of the audible
spectrum.16. .{D= Baßlautsprecher; Es= altavoz para
graves; F= haut-parleur de graves}.
word .{E} * In digital data storage a convenient collection
of bits, commonly 16 bits.(39.) .{D= Wort; Es= palabra; F=
mot (numérique)}.
word length .{E} * In digital data storage the number of bits
in a word.(39.) .{D= Wortlänge; Es= longitud [largo] de
palabra; F= longueur de mot}.
work copy .{E} * see service copy.
work print .{E} * 1) In motion picture technology a quick
print made from the negative, often without having been
corrected in any way, which is used for screening rushes,
assembling the rough cut, and other editorial work; see
also answer print.(30.) 2) Any picture or soundtrack print,
usu-ally a positive, intended for use in the editing process
to establish through a series of trial cuttings the finished
ver-sion of a moving-image production. The purpose is to
preserve the original intact (and undam-aged) until the
cutting points have been established.(09.) .{D=
Arbeitskopie; Es= copia de trabajo; F= copie de travail}.
working title .{E} * A title given to a moving-image creation
during the course of its production.(12.) .{D= ?; Es= título
provisional; F= titre provisoire}.
Wort .{D} * see word .{E}.
Wortlänge .{D} * see word length .{E}.
wow .{E} * A form of distortion in sound reproducing
systems caused by periodic variation in the speed of the
medium (such as tape), and characterized by its effect on
pitch.16. .{D= Jaulen des Tones; Treffrequente
Gleichlaufschwankung; taulen; Es= llorado del sonido; F=
pleurage}.
wow and flutter .{E} * 1) Phrase used in audio recording to
describe changes in signal output frequency caused by
speed variations occurring at relatively low and relatively
high rates, respectively; however, the term wow is less
frequently used since it is incorporated into the flutter
measurement.(46.) 2) Distortion of the soundtrack caused
by inconstant motor speeds.30. .{D=
Gleichlaufschwankbungen; Es= llorado y centelleo
(variación de velocidad); F= pleurage et scintillement;
fluctuation de vitesse}.
wrap .{E} * The length of the tape's path along which tape
and head are in intimate physical contact. Sometimes
measured as the angle of arrival and departure of the tape
with respect to the head; see also head alignment.16. .{D=
Umschlingung; Es= vuelta de contacto (con la cabeza); F=
enveloppement}.
wrapar-once media .{D;E} * Systems in which data may be
written once, but not erased and rewritten.39. .{F=
mémoire à écriture unique; Es= memoria de escritura
única}.
x ---
xerografía .{Es} * see electrostatic process .{E}
237
Xérographie .{F} * see Xerography .{D;E;Es}.
Xerography .{D;E;Es} * A dry method of making positive
copies on ordinary paper by the use of light, heat, and an
electrostatically charged plate invented by Chester F.
Carlson, patented by him in 1937 and developed in the
graphic arts research laboratory at the Battelle Memorial
Institute. The process depends on the ability of static
electricity to attract particles of black powder to unexposed
areas of the image. A selenium-coated surface is
given a positive electrostatic charge and the image is then
exposed to it through a camera. Where light is reflected,
the charge will be dissipated, leaving a positive charge in
the image areas. When a negatively-charged black
resinous powder (toner) is cascaded over the selenium it
is attracted to the charged area. Paper which is then
placed over the selenium and charged positively will have
the powder image transferred to it, and the image is fused
permanently to the paper by the application of heat; see
also electrostatic process.(07.) {F= Xérographie}.
xilografía .{Es} * see cut (4 y 5) .{E}.
XLR .{E;F} ** acronym for ??. A professional three pin
audio female connector. Also called the A3F jack. .{D= ?;
Es= hembra (clavija) XLR; F= fiche cannon}.
y ---
Y/C recording .{E} * In NTSC, a method of recording where
the luminance information (Y) and the chrominance
information (C) are recorded as separate tracks. They are
combined at the output of the machine. .{D= ?; Es=
grabación Y/C (NTSC); F= enregistrement Y/C}.
Y signal .{E} * The video luminance information signal in
NTSC. .{D= ?; Es= señal Y/C (NTSC); F= signal Y}.
Yellow Book .{D;E} * The compact disc-read only memory
(CD--ROM) standards document, so named because of
the colour of its binding.39. .{F= Livre jaune; Es= Libro
Amarillo}.
yield strength .{E} * The minimum force per unit crosssectional
area at which a material, such as magnetic tape
or film, deforms without further increase in the load. Units
are pounds per square inch or pounds per tape sample of
given width and base film thickness.46. .{D= ?; Es= límite
elástico; límite aparente de elasticidad; F= élasticité; limite
de fluage}.
yuv .{D;E} * A symbol used in video and CD-I denoting the
luminance signal (y) and the two chrominance signals (u
and v).(10.) .{F= yux; Es= yux}.
yuv delta .{Es} * see delta yuv (DYUV) .{D;E}.
yuv encoding .{D;E} * A video encoding scheme taking
advantage of the human eye's reduced sensitivity to colour
variations, as opposed to intensity variations. In each
picture line the luminance (y) information is encoded at full
bandwidth, whereas on alternate lines the chrominance (u
and v) signals are encoded at half bandwidth; see also
delta yuv.10. .{F= codage yuv; Es= código yux}.
yux .{Es;F} * see yuv .{D;E}.
z ---
Z39 .{E} * abbreviation for National Information Standards
Organization.
Zackenschrift .{D} * see variable-area soundtrack .{E}.
Zahlungsanweisung .{D} * see draft .{E}.
zapon .{F} * see blooping ink .{E}.

zapon (pour positif) .{F} * see bloop .{E}.
Zeichen .{D} * see character .{E}; cue marks .{E}.
Zeitdehner .{D} * see slow motion .{E}.
Zeitraffer .{D} * see time-lapse photography .{E}.
Zelle .{D} * see cel .{E}.
Zelluloid .{D} * see celluloid .{E;F}.
Zellulose .{D} * see cellulose .{E;F}.
Zelluloseazetat .{D} * see cellulose acetate .{E}.
Zelluloseazetatfolie * see cellulose acetate .{E}.
Zellulosenitrat .{D} * see cellulose nitrate .{E}.
zenith adjustment .{E} * A mechanical adjustment of a
magnetic tape head to obtain uniform contact with the top
and bottom of the tape; zenith refers to the
forward/backward tilting of the head.(04.) .{D= Zenith-
Justage; Kopfjustage; Es= ajuste cenital (zenith); F=
ajustement zénith; adjustement}.
Zentrieren .{D} * see centring of disc .{E}.
Zerfall .{D} * see deterioration .{E}.
Zerreissen .{D} * see crazing .{E}.
ziehende Blende .{D} * see ghost-image .{E}.
zip pan .{E} * see swish pan.
Zoll .{D} * see inch .{E}.
Zoll pro Sekunde .{D} * see inches per second (IPS) .{E}.
zona accesible del haz óptico .{Es} * see optical beam
accessible zone .{E}.
zona accesible mecánicamente .{Es} * see mechanically
accessible zone .{E}.
zona de fuerte iluminación .{Es} * see highlights .{E}.
zona de grabación .{Es} * see playing area .{E}; recording
zone .{E}.
zona de identificación de la densidad (de una grabación)
.{Es} * see density identification area .{E}.
zona de luz .{Es} * see highlights .{E}.
zona de manejo .{Es} * see handling zone .{E}.
zona de ordenador para datos .{Es} * see field (3) .{E}.
zona de registro .{Es} * see playing area .{E}.
zona de toma .{Es} * see field (5) .{E}.
zona del mecanismo sujetador .{Es} * see clamping zone
.{E}.
zona variable .{Es} * see variable-area soundtrack .{E}.
zone .{F} * see field .{E}.
zone d'enregistrement .{F} * see recording zone .{E}.
zone d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement .{F} *
see density identification area .{E}.
zone d'identification de la densité d'enregistrement .{F}.
238
see density identification area .{E}.
zone de description bibliographique .{F} * see area .{E}.
zone de lecture .{F} * see mechanically accessible zone
.{E}.
zone de manutention .{F} * see handling zone .{E}.
zone de serrage.(Alignement automatique du niveau de
noir) .{F} * see clamping zone .{E}.
zone départ .{F} * see toe .{E}.
zone usée d'un disque noir .{F} * see greying .{E}.
zoom .{E;Es;F} * A moving-image production technique
using a special lens which can be adjusted during the shot
to a variety of focal lengths from wide-ngle to telephoto.
Zoom shots can be confused with tracking shots, but the
effect is really quite different.(30.) .{D= Zoom}.
Zoom .{D} * see zoom .{E;F}.
Zugriff .{D} * see access .{E}.
Zugriffszeit .{D} * see access time .{E}.
zumbido .{Es} * see buzz .{E}.
zumbido (sonido de baja frecuencia) .{Es} * see hum .{E}.
Zusatz .{D} * see additive .{E}.
Zutrittsberechtigung .{D} * see access .{E}.
Zweiband - Aufnahmeverfahren .{D} * see double-system
sound .{E}.
Zweigarchiv .{D} * see branch repository .{E}.
Zweiminutenzylinder .{D} * see two-minute cylinder .{E}.
Zweispur .{D} * see two track .{E}.
Zwischenlagerung .{D} * see intermediate storage .{E}.
Zyklus .{D} * see cycle .{E;F}.
Zylinder .{D} * see cylinder .{E}.
Zylinder-Phonograph .{D} * see cylinder machine .{E}.