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FIGURES 1-4. Maps showing: 1. Location of continuous-discharge surface-water sites and ground-water wells sampled in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001.......................................................... 4 2. Land use and location of surface-water data-collection sites in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 .................................................................................................. 5 3. Land use and long-term water-quality data-collection sites in southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 .......................................................................................................................................... 7 4. Soils and location of surface-water data-collection sites in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 .................................................................................................. 8 5. Bar chart showing sources and quantities of water used in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 2000......................................................................................................................................... 10 6. Graph showing discharge for selected sites in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 ................................................................................................................................................. 11 7. Flowchart of statistical analysis of ecological data used in the study....................................................... 15 8. Boxplots showing concentrations of selected nutrients and major inorganic ions in ground water and surface water from the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 ............................ 21 9. Photograph showing grazing livestock near a surface-water data-collection site in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana ........................................................................................................ 22 10-15. Graphs showing: 10. Concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate, potassium, and suspended sediment at the Mermentau datacollection site in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001......................... 23 11. Drinking-water and aquatic-life criteria, and maximum detected concentrations of selected pesticides in ground water in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 2000-2001..... 25 12. Drinking-water and aquatic-life criteria, and maximum detected concentrations of selected pesticides in surface water in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001..... 27 13. Concentrations of selected pesticides at the Mermentau data-collection site in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 ............................................................................. 28 14. Composition of predominant groups of aquatic invertebrates at basin and intensity site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001........................................................................................................ 33 15. Median abundances of aquatic invertebrates, Chironomidae (midges), and Tanytarsini midges at basin and intensity site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001 .................................................. 33 16. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination biplot showing site (A) and species (B) locations in relation to environmental variables of ecological data-collection sites in southwestern Louisiana, 2001......................................................................................................................................... 35 17. Map showing land use and location of ecological data-collection sites and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001 ........................................ 36 18. Graph showing composition of predominant groups of aquatic invertebrates at canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001 ........................................ 40 19. Graph showing median abundances of aquatic invertebrates, Chironomidae (midges), and Tanytarsini midges at canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001........ 40 20. Scatter plots showing relative abundances of Caenis sp. (mayfly) and Rheotanytarsus sp. (midge), and significant habitat and water-quality variables identified by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for ecological data-collection sites in southwestern Louisiana, 2001............................. 42 TABLES 1. Surface-water and ecological data-collection sites in the Mermentau River Basin and adjacent Calcasieu River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 .......................................................................................... 6 2. Annual mean flow for selected sites in the Mermentau River Basin, 1999-2001, and period of record........ 11 3. Drinking-water regulations, health advisory levels, and aquatic-life criteria for selected pesticides............. 16 4. Minimum, median, and maximum concentrations of selected nitrogen species for ground- and surfacewater samples from the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001 ................................ 19 vi
5. Maximum concentrations and occurrence of selected nutrients in ground water and surface water in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001....................................................................... 20 6. Minimum, median, and maximum concentrations of selected phosphorus species for ground- and surface-water samples from the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001.................... 20 7. Maximum concentrations and occurrence of selected major inorganic ions in ground water and surface water in the Mermentau River Basin, southwestern Louisiana, 1998-2001................................................... 24 8. Median stream habitat variables for study-design site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001................... 31 9. Median aquatic invertebrate metrics for basin and intensity site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001... 32 10. Canonical correlation coefficients of environmental variables with the first four canonical correspondence analysis axes for aquatic invertebrates at ecological data-collection sites in southwestern Louisiana, 2001......................................................................................................................... 34 11. Median water-quality variables for canonical correpondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001............................................................................................................................................... 37 12. Median stream habitat variables for canonical correpondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001............................................................................................................................................... 38 13. Median aquatic invertebrate metrics for canonical correpondence analysis (CCA) site groups in southwestern Louisiana, 2001......................................................................................................................... 39 CONVERSION FACTORS, DATUMS, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) foot per second (ft/s) 0.3048 meter per second (m/s) yard (yd) 0.9144 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) acre 4,047 square meter (m 2 ) square mile (mi 2 ) 2.590 square kilometer (km 2 ) million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 3, 785 cubic meters per day (m 3 /d) Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F = (1.8 x °C) + 32. Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29)—a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983. Abbreviated water-quality units: micrograms per liter (µg/L) micrograms per kilogram (µg/kg) microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm) milligrams per liter (mg/L) organisms per square meter (organisms/m 2 ) vii
Page 1 and 2: National Water-Quality Assessment P
Page 3 and 4: Environmental Setting, Water Qualit
Page 5: FOREWORD The U.S. Geological Survey
Page 10 and 11: viii
Page 12 and 13: area and agricultural land-use inte
Page 14 and 15: 4 30° 30´ 30° 00´ 93° 00´ VER
Page 16 and 17: Table 1. Surface-water and ecologic
Page 18 and 19: 8 30° 00´ 30 ° 30´ 93° 00´ VE
Page 20 and 21: QUANTITY, IN MILLION GALLONS PER DA
Page 22 and 23: aquatic life is exposed to both gro
Page 24 and 25: were sampled monthly November 1998-
Page 26 and 27: Table 3. Drinking-water regulations
Page 28 and 29: and manganese were exceeded in surf
Page 30 and 31: the median concentration of total n
Page 32 and 33: Photograph by Dennis K. Demcheck, U
Page 34 and 35: Major Inorganic Ions and Trace Elem
Page 36 and 37: criteria for the protection of drin
Page 38 and 39: 28 CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER
Page 40 and 41: ank stability at Tortue and the red
Page 42 and 43: Table 9. Median aquatic invertebrat
Page 44 and 45: habitat conditions associated with
Page 47 and 48: invertebrate species in relation to
Page 49 and 50: Table 13. Median aquatic invertebra
Page 51 and 52: Median abundance and richness as me
Page 53 and 54: Water-quality data were compared to
Page 55 and 56: Demas, C.R., Demcheck, D.K., Anders
Page 57 and 58: Sandstrom, M.W., 1995, Filtration o
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APPENDIXES 1. Complete names for su
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Appendix Appendix 2. 2. Pesticides
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Appendix 2. Pesticides and degradat
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Appendix 3. Concentrations of fipro
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61 Appendix 5. Mean quantitative ha
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63 Appendix 6. Classification ranki
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Appendix 8. Taxa and densities of r
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73 Appendix 9. Loadings of environm
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