THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA V.V. Krishna - Unesco

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Table 7: Main Universities in Indonesia Public Universities Private Universities Cenderawasih University, Jayapura University of Airlangga, Surabaya Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung Bogor Agricultural University Diponegoro University, Semarang Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta University of Indonesia, Jakarta Padjadjaran University Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan Sepuluh November Institute of Technology, Surabaya Sriwijaya University Universitas Islam Negeri Yogyakarta State University Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Indonesia Brawijaya University Institut Seni Indonesia, Yogyakarta Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia Surakarta, Surakarta Universitas Mataram, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali Atma Jaya University Bina Nusantara University Parahyangan Catholic University STT Telkom, Bandung Tarumanagara University Trisakti University Pelita Harapan University Islam Indonesia University Petra Christian University, Surabaya Kristen Satya Wacana University, Salatiga 3. Indonesia’s Main Science Institutions As noted earlier, Indonesia remains behind many Asian countries in several important aspects. One important indicator, which shows low importance and national effort in R&D and S&T, is the low level of spending for R&D, which was less than 0.2 percent of GDP during 2000-02. This level of funding for R&D is much lower than several South Asian and South East countries. Public spending on education was also low by Asian standards, despite the rapid expansion of the educational system. The State Ministry for Research and Technology has the responsibility for coordinating R&D policy in Indonesia but has little control over the allocation of research expenditure. The Ministry operates a number of competitive grants and other programs for funding research, especially for universities. Budgets for government research institutions are allocated either through Ministries or directly through non-department agencies. The most important nondepartment research institutions include the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) for industrial technology, the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for basic sciences, the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the National Nuclear Energy Agency (BADAN), and the National Institute for Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). Nevertheless, agriculture remains the highest priority for government-supported research. IAARD in the Ministry of Agriculture is the largest government research agency in Indonesia with over 3,000 researchers (Table 8). Together with IPARD (estate crops), FORDA (forestry) and the Centre for Fisheries R&D, agriculture receives by far the largest allocation of research staff by government research institutions. Table 8 lists Indonesia’s main science agencies, their fields of activity and research staff in the respective institutions. As can be seen agriculture and related research constitutes the predominant segment of the national S&T effort. As can be seen from the table below, Indonesia maintains two frontier based R&D institutions, namely Aerospace and Nuclear related research that both constitute 1800 full time researchers.
Table 8: Major government research institutions in Indonesia 1995-2000 Name of Research Institution Fields of activity Research staff* Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) Agricultural crops and livestock 3063 Central Statistics Agency (BPS) Statistics 1343 Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) Industrial Technologies 2074 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Basic sciences 1692 National Nuclear Energy Agency (BADAN) Nuclear Energy 1314 National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) Aeronautics and space 487 Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA) Indonesian Planters Association for Research and Development (IPARD) Centre for Oil and Gas Technology Research and Development Agency for Trade and Industry Research and Development Centre for Fisheries Research and Development 308 National Coordination Agency for Survey and Mapping (BAKOSURTANAL) *Research staff includes those with University degree (B.Sc., M.Sc., or Ph.D.). Data are from 1995-2000.Sources: RISTEK (1996, 2002); IAARD (Statistik Penelitian Pertanian: Sumberdaya, Program dan Hasil Penelitian, 2000). 4. Indonesia’s Agriculture Research In Indonesia, the central government is the primary source of funds for agricultural research. The international agencies and donor institutions played a major part in developing agricultural research in Indonesia, especially during the 1980s and early 1990s. This was the period when Indonesia’s capacity in agricultural research was established. IAARD is the primary body responsible for conducting and coordinating crop and livestock research in the country. Research institutes for estate commodities are managed by the Indonesian Planters Association for Research and Development (IPARD). IPARD, though largely autonomous and self-financed, is nominally under the guidance of IAARD. Forestry and fisheries research were separated from IAARD when the Ministry of Forestry and Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries were created. The principal role of universities in agricultural research has been to train the scientific and technical personnel employed in government research institutes and the private sector. International agricultural research centres play an important role in Indonesia’s agricultural research system. There are a number of international research agencies conducting research in Indonesia. These are the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the SE Asia regional offices of the International Centre for Research on Agro-Forestry (ICRAF) and the International Potato Centre (CIP). The UN ESCAP CGPRT Centre, which conducts 486 429 343 328 239
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