Untitled

-88- 

CHI,PIER IY 

IESIIJI,GI 

ttre 6tudy €! conduct€d Iu iblee !'baBe6 iakirA llto 

account d1!le!€ni sg€6 ol lhe uxits. In lbsE€ Ir tit' Gel'a o1d 

tyallpur Silve! BlacL and fbtte legholr cbicks t€le fi!6i exlo6ed 

ro tOoC fo! 2 veeks and tbeo to ,9oC fo! 6 yeekB. l.epalat€ 

contlol g!ou! vas e16o kept at d!1e4i teDpelatutd thlcb tangeit 

!!ou 16.5oc to 21oc fo! the llrsrt irc veeks alr(l tto! 2ooc to 29oC 

fo! the last 5 re6ko of thls !ha!e. the chickE 6rlF'ed to beet 

stress rele glven lee.td tltbout o! vlth 50 aEiI 10O og a8colb1c 

ecjd/Ig to 6ee tbelt re6lon6e. Pba!€ II va6 conduct'tl on a eloila! 

lattern but thI€ !haE. ilYolYed !u11et5. In tht!' III, Pilot6 of 

IS! and l{Lg bleeits ver€ leared t4 cages 6i a!!i6nt teElelatute6 

(51oC to 4toc) lrovaulrs dullns the suoEer nonthB fo! a !€tbd 

of 12 we€ks and ih6lr !€6!on.e to the 6ul'ltenentE] feedlng of 

alcolbic acld {a! oealuled. lhe re6ultE oltalne't dulirs eacb 

!has6 have be€n If€64ted 8e!date1v.

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Wlth blgh lenpelature stre66 du!1ng subsequent 6 v€ek! a 

decreoeht of 25.a6 lercent lu i€ed con6uDlt1on oi IS! chickd 

rd obselved. {I/! chlck6 shored 14.01 aru0.24 lelcot dec.€_ 

oent in feed lnrete ihen erloded to 10* ad btSh teolelatule stless 

!e6!ectlre1y, 1n comlariBon to tbe chickE !6a!od at @bieat tenle_ 

lature. It va8, thus foDnd that heat stresB signlfic artly( !LO. 91 ) 

le.tuced leed consuoltio! of b.tb tn,e ot chrckB. the deFesslon 

ln reed comuDlttoD rs slenltlcdtly (pl:o.ot) h18he lD rI,{ 

Ixposure ot If|! chl:kE to tor @d hi8h leeleratule stleds 

jDpocerrabed tbeE Ftficien-J of feed uLtl i,atlo, by ?.)a dd |l.16 

!€!cent, !:€!€cttvely, in compaitson to contlot. Stnltalty a d€c!e_ 

nelt ih efliclency of feed utlttzstioD of the o!de. oi a.14 and 

12.54 percent 1n ill/g chlckE subJ.cted to tov and b18b ientelatule 

ra6 ob6elred as conlded to chlcks reded ai eDle!! te@pelatule. 

lhe decrenst In feed efflciency va! ,oud to be statistlcaUy 

Eisuificat (rlo,01). sisniilcanr (!Lo.01) bleed dirrerences 

vele no {,ed at hlgb tetrpastDle dtlese o!tJ. 

No nolialtty d lecolded 1n bi&s tesod at @bte4t 

o. heat stleae terpelatures .tulhg tLls phse.

-91- 

Effect ot a6colbic acld 6u 

avelage le1ght galn, t6€d coGmluo! ed teed 

efflciercy values tn coltrot chrcks o. tn !@.e sulp1e.trt€rr 

vith 50 ahd 1oO og ascorbic acld ler (e ,€€d and oxlosed to 

qlermentat heat etreEs b.ve b6en sboM th tabre l. llralysis 

of vdiarc€ of the data have been !re6qt6d in tahle 4, 

lecolbtc acld sulltenentatton in the larlon ot rl3 

chickB exlosed to lor te@eratule strss fo! 2 Eetc ra6 ot6eFed 

ro have lnlloyed thet! velght SatrB by lo.l2 @d 16.14 lorceht. 

vith htgh ienlelatu!€ 6tr6s Uultns 6ub6eq!6Dt 6 yeel€, tB 

chicka Siien 50 ad 1OO ns ascorblc acid/fs df leeit, shoued 5.r5 

dd 21,5? lelcent imploveoet 1n thei! erowro !are, leelectively. 

YIJF cb.tck6 suplle@enied rith 50 ahd 1OO Ds dcoloic acld/Ig of 

teed, gaired 12.49 and 18.91 pelc6nt nore rclght at ,OoC and 

5.9a ed 26.96 lelcent at ,9oc, ledpectivety. It ,s thus levealed 

that 8u!!te4ota] levets of alcolblc eid aan diadficaitty 

io!@ved the gro,th late of chtck6. th6re ua€ slgniflcet 

(!L0.01) durerence @otrg bleeds in this !66peci. coDlsiEon ot 

re@ irdrcat€d that the sulluerenta] tevers of scolblc acid 

did aot dtffe! signlflcantty at ,OoC, vheles, dirfererces betreen 

these bpc&e sisllricdt (!Lo.01) ar Jgoc-

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lrSB chick6 erlDsed +o ,Ooc colsuoert O-9o ed 12.2, 

lelcent nole ieeit, rhen thet! feed wsB 6uF1€mented {1th 50 oa 

100 os aacolblc acid/Xg tban thel! cobirol. lt hlgh t€oleratule 

stless, iolloveoent in feed ccnsLroltlor of suplt@ented IIt! 

ch1ck6 va! 5.r, dd 1r.51 leEenr at 50 dd joo ns aBcolblc acid/ 

rg f€ed, r6tr'ectiaely, in coDparlson to lmuplldatert chicks. 

$IrIt chick€ ehoved A.25 aod 14,14 lercent lnploveoent 1n feed 

tntake at looc dd 5,64 dd to.r5 pelcot tipFv€Dent at lgoc, 

ehetr theU feed vas sulllenented vith jO ard 1oo Dg aBcolbic 

6c1d/xg fe6d, respecttvely, rhan theit contlols. tscorblc atn 

8up!1tuertat1on unde! heat stresd ,e6utted !r gleate! 1oleveDeht 

of f€ed con6!!!tioa by tEH chlciiB sE coblaaed !o IrsB. It uaE 

ob€ened that dcorbic acld sulnteDentatio4 srgniricdtly 

hproved te€d lntake of chlcks exloged to heat 6trees, heed 

dltteiences vele iound to be sisnuicari (rl:o.o1). co[lallso'l 

of oFds 6ho*ed stsntflcsL (pl-o.05) erfecl due !o tevel€ of 

aocoxbic actd at hish t€olelahEa 6t!es€. {he!ea6 Iow 1€ve1 of 

aBcolbic acld dtd @t 6tanlficatly llpeee feeit intake o! bird6 

at lov tenlelatule !rleEs. 

-95- 

In tBB chick6 exposed 

dcorbic acld sulplerentation et 

lnproved feed effici€ncy by r.44 

to lov tenpelaiule sho6s, 

the late ol 50 dd 1oO ogl[€ 

ard 4. r?, !€rcenrr!os!6ctirelJ,

-97- 

yhere@, reod converglotr otliclency lncrealed ty 1.09 dd 9.r? 

lercent i! IS! chicks at hlgb tdlerEture strer6. Sinlt€r 

iollovendi in efficiency of l€ed utllzatton !a! 4.59 €nd 5.r4 

lelcent at lov sd o.2{9 and 10.52 !€lcent si Lrgh teDlelaturo. 

3t!e33 id t!l! chlcks rhq surpteoentod rith 50 ald iOO @g aEcorbic 

acld/rg, reepectively. tnalJ€is ot ra!1ace of the data levealed 

that arcorbic acld suplteo6ntat1o4 slsniflcgntty (llo.01 ) 

inlroved leed conversto! efticlencJ of cblcke. Breed diifelenceB 

ielF foDnd to be € €nrtlcdt r?Lo.O5) ar hign terlelaflle Btress. 

loth of the rulllebental 1€vers had Ejsnulc.nr (pl-o.or) effect 

at lo{ terleratule, horerer, 10, tevel of ascolblc acld dld not 

31EDif1c@t1y iollove efficleqcl ol feed uttlizatlon in ch1ck6 

at high t@perature stlss. 

!. RBCII.I, TBI4PERAIIJRS 

wela8e lecta.f te!!e!atu!e ot Is! 4d $nE chlckE 

r€ded at ebletrt 4d .rlertoeDtaf tetr!,eraru.€ @d guttrleaenied 

viih dcorbl. &id haa. been lregenied i! table ,. tbe @a]J€is 

oJ vsJ i€nê olhe oeta hav€ oeFn giren rll Iable 6. 

(a) llf€ct of heat st!e66 

The Jesultq lev-a.Led tha' rectal teoleracu!6s of liSB 

dd {IJli clricks inclesed rith the lise tn 

The rectat impe.atures Nre 4i.looc and 

anblent tenperetule. 

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chlck6, respectlvely, at 1?.5ooq dbient teElelatule aid theEe 

increaged to 41,l5oc dd 41.?60C, red}ectively at 29oc sDbtont 

teoperatur€. 1loattiv€ dd 3ignificatrt cor!61atlotr raa foud 

bet{een dblent tetrpelatu!€ and lectal taDetaiue oI I'gE 

(r - o.t29x| as @u d Lr,u (r - o,l4?**) chick6. Reslession 

ds.1ys16 ehored that fo! eacb oC rlse in aobient teEpelatu!6, 

rectal tdlelature of I'sB el LIJU chlcks incleare.t by 0.0021 

and o.oorroc, !e6!ectively, 

The lebultB lndicated that rectal teolelaiu!€ ol ff13 

dd vnt ch.icks lncrealed by 0,51 dd 0.60 !.!cent, {h€4 meaBuled 

on 14th dalE of exposule to 1o! tenp€latue (3ooc) BtlesB d 

conlded to that of contlol. Tbe 31nit5r ilcleale ln lectal 

teElerature ol IsB and |1,q chlck6 ia6 1.41 and 1.61 lerceht, 

redp€ct1ve1y at hlgh teElelatule 6t!€aa {hs Dea8Dred on 56tb 

day8 ot th€ heat 6t!e33 erlo8de. ,ltra]F18 ol r.liahce of the 

data indicat€d sisnlticart (rL0.O1) ihctea3e in lectal id!€- 

latule ol IS! dd YIJ{ chlck8 e:pGed to hea! 3tr€3. Siaallicaht 

(PLo.O1) bleed dillelenceo {e!e a16o load b tb$ !e3pect. 

(b) lifect of alcolbic acld sulptenatation 

It {s reves.led thal aEcotblc acid 8nplleostatio! 

stre€s condltlonB reducod the lectel. ieolelatule6 of 

IS3 and had cdI.re nhan n-aEured af r4th dd 56th dat€ of the

€xleriment. It ras foubd tt-at a6colblc actd had Ar€ate! effect 

on body temlelatule of ll!!l lhd IIls b!ee&. Siatisiica.l analJts18 

oI tbe data 8ho*d that decreele in lectuI ter!.ratd€ raa Ela- 

nuicant irLo.o1), ISB cbjck3 had slSpillcanu.y (rL0.01) 1o*! 

rectal tempelatures thd lr1,q. suplleoehtatlon at hlgh tevet ol 

aBcorbtc acid 6isntficdtly (PLo.0l) decleded tbe tectal 

ieoperatur€ at 1ov ard hl,gir teolelatule 8t!e6s. Eo{eve!, lov 

level of ascolbic acld d1d not signlficantly 1o*! rectat t.ope- 

ratule of bird6 €xlo8ed to trigh tdlolatue 3t!e33. Non- 

significarit diiference rectal temlelature of, ctrickE BuDlebonted 

{ith lor &d high 1€ve16 ot arcolbic acid va! not€d at for tenle- 

c. PLAS|'A AlrD TTSSU! ISCORBIC lCrD REtm SE 0i CgiCIs 

tpGt! r0 ttar smtss txD suPP!l|,t3\'tBD {rtg tscoRlrc 

l. Eaana srcorblc ac Id 

lvelage lla6na a8colbic acld levelE of I'sB and lllll 

chtckB ke!1r at @blent ad €xleliodtal heat s,t!eo6 {d supple- 

oented vlth a6co!b1c acld have be4 lrdenied ln lable ?,^trafy3i8 

of vdidce of the data hsve been Ehom tr Tab16 6. 

(a) lrtect of heat 6treE! 

the !e€u1t6 revealed that p1a3na dcorblc actd concen- 

tratlon of lB ed {tll chicks decreaBe

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-101- 

tenlerature fron 17.5oC ro 27,5oc. rbe !t@ns dcorbrc Eci{! 

Ieve1B ve.e 1,565 @d 1,4?5 ng lelcst at 4th veek of age i! 

ISB ahd tLH bilds, le8lectlvely, rhereas, these *!6 1,195 sd 

l.r8 ng pp.cent, !€pectiyely. at the age of 12 veekB. 

lhe !1a6oa a6co!!tc acid concentlatlon of cotrilol 

chicka decreded vith the !16o of ublent tonperatu!6 (1?,5 

to 2?.5oC) end vlth the adv.mcenent ln ag€ (4 to 12 {eekE). 

AFblent tenleratur€ (x1) ard aSe (X2) rcle round to be slgnlft- 

caily co!!o1at6d vlth lLa6na a6co!b1c acld 1€ve16 (r) of ls8 

(Ry.t2 = 0.994 ) &d Iltl (ty.12 = 0.946 ) chicks. ReF€66ton 

ahalvsio revealed that vtth each deAre€ centiatade incleaEe or 

viljli e&h ,eek advscenent in age, ltaana slcolbic acld levels 

decrea8ed !y 0.007 and 0.01r og lelcent ln t,s, chtckc dd by 

0,006 and 0.01 ng lelcent tn lrlIt bilds, le€pectlve]X. 

Ihe !e6uit6 furtne" IndicaLed LhaL lI€oa .lcolbtc 

acid conc-itratlon ln ISB bi!d3 decrealed vh€n €ubj4ted to for 

te4!e!at!re streFs, the reductlon betna 14.18 lelcent ln conldi- 

Eor io contlot. ltlo8Ee of 1,9! chlcks to htgb :ehlerstule €t!e6s 

leduced theh !taa@ ascolblc acid cobcebtlailoE by 2?, 

Slnitdly, {IJg ch1ck6 kelt at heat 6trd6 tenlelatulo6 

$d lgoc loi the filst 2 a

- 1ot- 

concetratio! thd tho6e !€de.t at nblen! teDl,elarures. Ihe 

{Irq b1x{k shorert gleater 

tha isa. Ihe reductlor 

delredBlon d theh dasna teyets 

In !1a€oa ascolbic acid tevels of 

bir& erlosed to heat stres6 ra6 found to 

aignificdt (p/_0,01), ptasoa ascorbic acld tevols ln IS! !e!e 

si8ltflcdtty (rLo.O1) h18he, tbd tflJH bleea, 

rhe advdcinc age (J!oo 4 to 6 ,eek€) of chlckE 

erlo8ed to ,OoC !d not siAriftcdtry corle-rated ,1th llalDa 

ascolblc acid t€aets but duljlg the gubsequenr 6 ree!€ i.6., 

lron ?th to 12th v66k€ o, 

kerrt at lgoc sbo*ed a lise 

age nhe chlckE oi both the bleedE 

r! theb !t$4a aBcorbic eid con_ 

cetrtration. goreye!, colretatioa betpgeD ase dc prdoa dcorblc 

acid level ka! obeerved ro be slanlficdr (! = o.9l?rr) odj, rn 

lrlLli chick6. the lee]le€sio! eatysis tndicaied rhlt *1th each 

teek t4cr6ase in ace beyond ?th ueek thele uaB d 1lcleaEe of 

0.027 og lelcent tn llas@a aEcorblc acid 1ere1 of t1,Lg chicks. 

{b) lffect of ascorbrc acld 

It,as leveated that ascorblc alro Buplre@entatlon 

at levels of 50 dd tOO De/(g of feed 1. ns! ctUcks unde! lor 

t*lerature ctless ielroved !1dDa asco.brc aci.t coDc€ntlatlo4 

by a.70 ad 11.2? percent, le6lectlvety. Inen ISE birds exlosed

- 106- 

to hi8h t€nlelaturo .tleBB v6!. ButFeE6nt€d vlth 50 dd 100 ng 

ercolblc acld per {A ot feed, D]a6oa conc€nhat1otr illroreil by 

6,25 4d 19,97 !e!c6nt, leslectlvely. Stollsly, I'Irt{ chlcks fed 

dtets 8rl)deDenied ,tth 50 6nd 100 og a6colbtc .citl/r!g, ro6!ec- 

tively, inclealed th61! plaloa a6corblc @lat conc6ntlatton !y 

9.54 ed 13,19 lercent at loh t€dpelatu..€ 61!4s6 and ?.0? snd 

20,69 lercent at hlgh tmleratule etreeg rbe! conpared ilth 

control, lhlie leghoir bhdB had a rlighe! plaBna corc@tlat1on 

the IS! chicl,€ rbd eupllmetted riih aacolbic ac1d. Ihe ascollic 

ac.ld Eupplen€n Lation Ersn[ icantly (?L0.0 t ) 1Bp!ov.d plaEoa 

levels of blrd6 ai gOoC d vell s lgoo ttu!€lae!€ erlosufes. 

Sl8niflcart (rL0.O1) bleed difteren.ee rcle also noted, !loh- 

atgnifi.rtrt dtfferoce ea$ted betre@ 1oy and hlgh teve16 of 

a!co!bi. acld 6u!!1eneltation at lov t€@!e!atu!6 6t!€Es, hor€ve!, 

dlfference bec@e Bigrificdc (plo.ot) at hleh teDrEra0ur€ 6t.6s. 

lhe le6ultE al6o:evealed that llaana a.colbic actd 

@d ILIl chlck3 8u!DleD4t.d uder beai 3tr$6 

advdc€o€nt of age floo 4 to 6 re6k6 ho!er€!, a 

slgnlllcdr coselatlon betie€n ptaBoa ascolbic acid 1evets and 

age va6 found only ln 1{I,g chlck8 dupltedented vith 50 ng 

(! = -0.9994) dd 1oo os (!, -0.99?*) arcolbic scLd pe! xg of 

teed. Regregdlon analy8is shored that vlth each v€ok hcred.

ot age thele ra6 de!€a!. 1n !Ia!!a ascolb1c acid td6ls of 

{!n chlck6 by 0,15 €nd 0.14 og p6rc6nt rhe 6ulptererted rltb 

50 dd 100 os aEcorblc acLd/r,g of feed, re8lectlvety, 

fhe !€!tt6 lndlcated rha! !16rra ascolblc 6ctd 

conc€nrlarlon ot IsB €nd rIJIt chlckg lnct€aleit rlth advancorent 

of aee lloo 7 to 12 *€€k! {hq Eulpteoented ylth a6co!b1c acld 

unde! h.st 6t!€33. ldlgatflc.nt aid Dosltlve cottetatlon 

betv€en age and llaara aBcolbic acld conc€ntlation ra! foud h 

rS! (! = 0,948'*) and rut (! . 0.812') cb&ks €ulpleudre

-108- 

hare been presenled tn labte 9. ScatlEl'Ical 

dalJais ot the daia have oed ohom ir l6btee 10 and 11' 

lfrect of heai 3i!e66 

The birde had tlr€ htghest a6corbtc acld cont'ni u 

th6lr adlendl t$sues fo1lo@d bv duodenu, 11ve! €nd kidnevo ' 

I,s! dd ltE chlckB exlosed to heat FtlesE lor S veeka shoved a 

declease in thei! ltldnev alcorbic acitt contdt tn coopd$on 

to the contfol. Hoteve!' the diffelercs rs foud to be !on_ 

slgoificdt. It tas obselved that beat stleg8 sisdflcdtlv 

(rlo.01) leduced 11ve!, dlodenal and adr'nril t$Bue aFcolbic 

acld conient 1n Is! and NIJII chickB. The highdt r€duction vaa 

tound ln duodenal tls6ue6 fouoved bv tive!, adlens] dd kidne,€' 

Lyalllur Silve! Blacks had 

conient ir tlver dlod€nuo 

(b) 

tffect ot ascorblc arld 9I 

slgrificsntly hiehd a6colbic acid 

dd adron€ls iha[ tbat of YLE chick!. 

The results indlcat.d that sullreoehtatlon ot faed 

*ith aBcolbic acid under heat stte€6 slgnllicatrtlv (r L0'05) 

imllovett kidney a€colblc eid content. lvallpu! Sjlve! 3lacke 

had disnlfic{tty (!Lo.O1) dghex a6colbl' aclit 1n theh 

kj.dneys thd {LU chicks. Non_sienillcdi eflect of 1ov leYel 

ol aBcotbic acid sullfen€ntatlon ras obsefted' lFcolblc acld

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6u!!1eh€rtatloh slgnrttcdrty (?Lo.O1) tucres6.t 11v€!, 

duodenal and adrena.t aBcolblc actit conterto of chicks erlose.l 

to heat Btleaa. lddit.toh of a6co!b1c acid at the 1€rel of 1OO 

nAlKg gaae sl8 ilicantly bette! 1m!!oven6nt thsn suld€nentattoa 

afiO nCh4 of teed. The hieheBt iDDlova4t ,as lon4d tn nuodosl 

ti6sues foltotr€d by llae!, adlenar ad kidDeys. t6co!b1c acid 

sulllerentation bad bette! eif€ct ! Ilr I i#sir .t q!rar{.d. _I€B 

chicb coatained Elanlfrc@Lly (pLO.Ol) hrsne a6co!o1c acid 

cotrrdr i! thelx tive!, duodenuo and 11vd !r65!es rban fh.1te 

D. CHE|,IC-4i c0ltc6lll0lt o! &ooD 

(a) lllect of heat !t!e6E 

tveraae gtucose, cholestelol, calciuE ed cttltc acid 

content in blood ol Ir9B ad f,lt cLic!6 ke!+ at €obient and 

erpelln€ntaf heat EtreE6 har6 b6en !!€6ented 1n 1abte 12. gtatlB- 

tical ai€lJ6i6 of the dsta !a!e beo 6hom i! tgbte lt. 

l. 

mood glucoB€ 

Ihe !€u1t€ levealed that blood glucose teve16 of LSt! 

and Mt chicks thcleased ,tflr th€ !is6 1n @orent rm!e!atu!e. 

rt 1?.5oC btood glucose l€vels fere 195,, ad 179.0 Dg lelcdt 

f,n + weeks o1d IsB ahd IEH chlckE, res!€ctively, vhtcb tnclealed 

to 205.5 and 194.5 rC lelcent at 2?.5oC ,@! c||tce\s ve!€ i2 reeti€

d 

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ro {" I"L I* I* I- t^ 

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qq CC Rs;s 

H$ Se j;;; 

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frF frF fiE fiF 

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-14' 

The lesnlt3 doFa. . that blood alucos€ ldor6 of 

control chick iacreased ,ith th6 .i66 of Mbl€trt t60!e!atu!e 

(17.50 to 2?.5ooc) ald a.tso erth 

the advdcenent 1n ag€ (4 ro 

12 rz veeKBr. l.tood ELood e-ruco6e ]ever8 b6d e riddiibaD! coii.6leti-on 

qtth 'alblet t6qelaruro. i as€ rn r,$ (\:12 - b.9o9oi.) €Dd rd 

(na. ilo.9C4l': )!hrck6. Ihe leglessiotr aia.ryslE sr@eed rhat 

each oegree ceniisade ri€e ln aoblent 

ueee aqvahcedeht 1n 

blood glucoEe leyet 

0.182 ad 1.055 

teryelatn!€ €nd e&h 

vlth sn lncfe€3e of, 

ng percent t|' IsD ald 

0,122 ad 1-712 oe percent tn f,LH chicks, les-Decilvety. 

tB @d rlrg chick! exposed to tor teoleretu!6 stless 

to! a lellod of 2 ,eeks Ehoyed 6.15 and ?.SO pelcdt ircrease 

1n theh tlood glucose t€vel, 1n conpd.ison io !ho6e of contlot, 

!u!the! €xlosure ro usb tenp;larule stlesE ou!1ns subd6quent 

6 reeb caused 5.sa aDd a.2a percent incleale rn brood glucose 

colceitlation in IIil dd ttra cblct6, lsletive]y. LyattDu! 

silve! Btacks had hiahe! blood grucose 1.re16 rbd I{IJB brrds. 

r rllghe! lnc!6aBe th blood glucose le"er vas found tn {!H 

chlcks thd tbat of ISB. gtatlstlcal anatysls of th€ data 

reveared slgnlficdt (rlo.oi) rnclese 1n blcod alucos6 coD_ 

centlation oi cbicks exposed to heet stless. s!e*l dlffeledc€ 

rcle folno to be sisdticani,.

the resul€ tndicated thai bloo.t SlucoGe tetel of 

$! ad rrllt chicb lncleaBed pheh erpos€d to 1o, terleratute 

Et!e86, ho{eve!, no slenlflc$t co!!€Iation bet{een advscing 

ase (fftm 4 to 6 {eeks) and btood SlucoBe concentlatlon !€! 

fouhd. lihen chickB ve!6 exloo€d to heat 6t!e3s iemleratule of 

lgoc i.on 6 to 12 v€ek! of theh age, a slenlflcart blt negative 

collelation betreen age dd blood gluco8e levet vaE ob8e$ed in 

tss (! - -0.959**) ard nii (! = -O.S5rr) ch1ck6., Regression 

daIJEls leeealed that rith each yeek advrnceEent of age, Uoorl 

alucose levels ol l]sa ed r4JIl chickE decleaaeil by 1,41 ad 1.11 

ne lercent, respectively. 

2. Serua choleBterol 

The 6eruD chole8telol concenttatioh of youg cbickB 

increaEed vlth the llse of mblent toblelatule (1?.5 to 2?.5oC) 

and vlth adydcehent In age (4-12 !eek3). Ibe €Dnient tellerature 

4d advdcing age uele lound to be Elgniflcdtly corelated vlth 

6e!ud cholestelol 1eaelg ot rS! (\.tZ = 0.924"") ".a wr,s 

1n".lz - O.Stl**; chlcks. rhe resreBsion datyslc Ehored rbat 

vlth each deglee centlglade lncreaso In @blent tenperatue or 

uith each ,eek advecement In ago, thele va! a ilclease ot 

6eno cholestelol coDtent by 0,205 and 1.741 Dg pdcelr in IS! 

and bX 0.411 abd 1.691 Eg lercent h ylJtt cbicks, iespecttraly.

The !6sutts 

ol lS alil *Lq cucks 

for 2 €€ks hcleaged !t 7.2, di! 

Beru chote6ielol 1€vot 

1oe t{lerajirr.e €tl,ees 

9.25 !6fc@tr reglectlv€tX. 

Ihe ircroa6e iD selon chot 66t6!.ot colc€ltlajrio! eas tould to 

be 6.90 dil 8.8, !€ac€!t aU hrgh tdp€leture €tr€€sr !eg!sc- 

tieeltr ln lS sld i[rE chlckE, aE coryalod to th€ coltlol. It 

tra6 obaelTeit that r,S chlcks had highol colc€nnrarlou of 6€!u 

chotesberol thah Ulq cblck€. th€ g!€at6! lDcleas€ 1! s€md 

eholest€lot leve1 was found lD $!d as conlaftd to !S b!e6tr. 

he6d iliilerelces r€re toud to b6 €j.Alrtrlcdt. 

The re$rlts 1ldlcat€it that 6€ru! cLotestelbt level 

lb touDg groriqg chtcks lDcr€a66d ibsD sbj€cteat to 1o, terpe_ 

tor 2 seek6, boreve!, !o conelatio! bei,fte! 

advslcins sse (fDn 4 ro 6 eso!6) and chotestelot i€vel {as 

fould. ,{ eisriflcanb tirt nesetlvB correlauo! betr€e! ag€ (5 

to 12 q€€lra) @d €elM chols6t€lo1 1€v€r sa! foulit at ,9oC lD 

lSB (! - -0.861') and {fir (! - -0.9021) cbicke. Ir seg o}86.v€it 

that each peek ailvalcdont ot €ge !6ault€d 1D a dec!6ase of 

s€lb chol68te.ol colcdlletto! b, O.5O sod O.5O rg lerc{t tD 

LSB oa rLg chict s, rs€p6ctje€lr, 

l. Selu calclu! 

Ihe serm calciun tev€t oI contNt 

witf tre r'sern ab{€nr t6Dp€rstr6 (17.> Uo {.roc) ald b!

advslconeDt lb a8e 

advsc1'a a8e rele 

€bici{s. Ihe resressioD 

ceDrlgraile 1Defta6e ib 

advdceDedt 1D a8Q ,e!o 

calclu! Ievets by o,o2 

aDd 0.005 ra p6rc6nt iD 

-118- 

th€ aellgDt tsrpelatr}€ and 

cor!61ated dth, s.!uD. carcluD 

ealysi€ ildlcargd that oach it€6re€ 

al1€nt t.Dp!!ata!e eit eqch ,eet 

associated *ltb sD hcr€as€ ot €elur 

ed 0.0r, rg peE€st lD rS oit !y O.or9 

N[,li eL!cks, !6 spec ti v61r, 

Ib xas olsereeit tdat se!@ c€jctu tevels d6creas6d 

by 6.25 ed 1o.oo p6!c@t Ib I,S! ed ILH cblck€ *h€b r,po€oir 

i;o 1o! teDpelatule stless, as coryalod ro tt6 coDtrbl. tho 

ISB dd l]{lq chick€ €6 6ulJect€il to Ligh teDlelata.e st!€E6 

fo! eb66qu6nt 6 n€ek€, th6 ilecleasa 1n emr catclu coeeb- 

tratlon rss fould to !6 15,A4 .rA 1g.4? rre4€lr, loE)octlvelrr 

The chtck€ of lrllE bre6d bad hlAher colc€ltlauoh oi csl.lu 1! 

th€1! blood €6&! tha! that o, !SB. th6 tthlt€ !6ehom chtct s 

snotred aleat€! reductio! oI s6r@ calctu! co!t6n! the ttat ot 

LSB !r€6a. the lDarygis ot vslabce of, ttr6 dala dor6d slgdfi_ 

calr (p/ 0.o1) ir€crea€€ tu €arrm calciu colcaftatlo! of !i!ds 

erposed to heat st!es6. Br6€d6 dlfrgr€d slgEiflcdtry (pl_o.Ol) 

fftu eacb othe! in thts i€Elect. 

&6 r6sult€ r€veated that €6!uD c€1cltu tevet of ]rgB

-119- 

aDd Pt! cb:lcks il*!oa.6rl rd@ €&o@il to ,oC ,e! 4 ro 6 

r6€kE of age. SLsiirtcaDr co!!6tatio! ot ag€ ad .6r@ catclu! 

1ev61 ra5 obselvel.l iD [,E (r _ _0.999'.) blfds, B€EEsdo! 

BlalyBis rev€ated that nlth each ,6ek adE ca€lt of og€ s6ru! 

calct@ corcelt atlo. ot rLE bilits itoc&ased by O.r, ne !.!.@t. 

rdth advalc€bont ot ag€ fron 5 to a2 n6sks Eeru! calctun t€wrs 

1Dclea€€d lD t6B @aI xt;s chlcl

- 120- 

!h€ redltB !.veet6d tlst btood cltrrc acirr 1ere1 

ot nsa sod Ull chicts 1!crea66d !y 4.6, 6!d 5,10 p€lcdt 

le@ectivelt, wh€n EubJ6ct6il to toe t€dlolatre str€sB for 2 

rce&s i! coDlst{son to contiot. W.tb tho stevatlon ol tqp€la_ 

tu€ to ,9oc du1!s sulsequeut O e66Ls, brood .1dc acrit 1€v61 

i! rs! dd l9lH chrckE, !€slocrlv€lr, llc!€aEod !, 5.rZ ald 4.99 

p6rc6nr. the chlcks of !S! !!6.it had h.tgb6! btood cltrCc acid 

co.lre.ir tjra that of rL!. atatlstlca.t €urslyals of tbe data 

ililicateil slgDtficaDt (Z_0.01) 1lcreage 1! rrtood citrlc aciit 

1eve.l ot llrds 6xtos6it to 

cabdr (p/ o.oj) rro! eech 

beat st!€sB. Dloeds diflered stgDlfi_ 

otX6r h tLls re@6ct. 

tlth aitvaEdoDt oI ago lroo G tD 12 p6€ts, a sught 

il*rease ea6 toud 1! btood cltllc aclil r€t€l iD 1168 &d {!E 

chlcks oreosed to h16u t6D!6ratur€ st!668, Forgvdr ag€ aDiI 

blood citric acld colcentfatto! e€r€ o!66!r,€ar'o be Elgntrlcetty 

collelated (! = -o.s,gr) onty 1n rrgB cblcrs. nft each eeek 

1!c.e66e ot ag6, btood oltrjc ecid l6v€1 d6c!€ased ty 0.006 oA 

(b) Effet of ascorbic acld .unpleldturlo! 

tvera66 Atuco6er chol6.te$1, cslclb @d cltrlc acld 

contdr i. blooil ot !68 sld lr,L9 chlcks erl)oa€d to heat Etress 

eit su!pl6@@ted rttb a6cortlc aclal har. b.€n do{ll. 1r tabte 14.

-121.. 

lnalyds of vslaDce ot the itata hav6 !ee! dom 1D tqbre 1r. 

L trooit ducos6 

Ite !66rlt6 levesleit that btood Alu.:ose tovets o, IrS 

chtcks ef,loseit to heet stress (rooc)r d6cFa6€d br ,.F atd, 

5,64 p€lce.tr r€E!6ctjv.1y, *itb ascolblc aclit eppto€ltatlo! 

ol ,O @d 10O !a/Rs ot teedr .o4)ectiv.tJ a€ colpargil to u!_ 

3u!!16n6nted tlrde, th€ decrease 1! btood gtucos€ cobc@t!at1@ 

at toc ra6 o.9a snir 4.?9 !.rce!tl eBpectlvgty, elt 50 and 

100 Ee ascolbic acidlrg. sidlarlrr blood grucos6 t€v€t E of,LE 

ltril8 decleased bJ 4,60 eil SraB p€lceDt at totr te!!6!atu!€ 

stless ard 1.Oo ard 6.t psftoDt at LLgh tdpelarlr€ stess rheD 

€ulplenent6il qlth 5O atit 1Oo ug ascoiuc actdlKg ol le€it. 

rh. statlstical ea1r6t. of tho data dhosed that 

dE olblc actd suplt@eltart@ €lsDltlcurry (pl_o.Or) reduc€d 

uood sluco€€ coEcertlatlo! of lsB dd lilllll cllcks @d€! b6at 

€tlss8, Both 16v616 ot luppl@€ltetlon had dSliftcalt(p/ o,ol) 

eltecir o! blood glucoso levets ot 

tu6 ol ,ooc, ho@v€r, hlgh i6vel 

(Pl_0.o1) sleat€! leductlon thaD lor lovel ot slrpplaeltaiioD 

(50 De). rt etevated h6ar stlegs t@poratue or ,9oc, suppre_ 

Deltatton rlth lo, level or ascolbic acld dId lot dlgnifica.tty 

r6.!uce !t@d Atuco€e corceltlarlo, ot b1!ds. Sdgbiflcalt(p/ O.Ol) 

br6eil dtft€!€Dc6€ {ere obselved. 

( r00 !s) save

;1e 

-9 

,93 

99 

;9 

oa 

o; 

aq 

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9J i 

^s 

ô6 

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n:8* pR sB 

3g;F 

SR 3R S3 ;P 

dx di j;;-: 

hk hb'$'R'$i; 

:$ g$ j; d; 

s8 p R 3I I X 

38 S3 

R3 33 Sg sr 

FE'F! i"; d"i 

cR s3 R3 bS 

g$ FE j;;; 

fiF fifl frE AE 

€ 

: 

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3 

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,:&89 ,.9 8-3 e 

aa 3: a! aP' a 

tsJ

-124- 

It wa8 obBery€d rlt t$ dd {!A.hicks €rAoBed to 

no1 tN^6 to 12 wo€ks ot ag€ EhoFed a il@rea6€ 1! th€ir lrood 

slucoae 1evel {hej 6rq4,1eDe!ted rl r a6colbic ac!I. tb€ Uood 

' sluco66 value€ ve!6 214.0 anil 202.5 rg polc€nr 1! lsB ed 2or.o 

anal 191.5 ne pe.c€nt ib f,Lg cblcks at 6 meks ot age ehe! 

guplllsoe.teit with 

'o ad 1oo b8 ascoruc acld g, !6@€ctlr€1r, 

iich dec!easeil to N?.5 arn A01.5 ne !ercenr h r,SB and eoo.o 

dit aa9.C DA polc6rt iD fltE chlct6 at 1A,ed(s of a8o. l sigDi_ 

tlcaDt lut legatlvo colretailon ber{eeE ag€ en b1ooil BlucoEo 

wa€ tounit in LsB (! = -0.987t) aDd NIJE (! = -o.B?o') chicks 

EuplleneDted ritb 50 DA ascortic acivrS ot f€ed. Ih6 blooil 

sluco.e c.hcentlatior ot rrsB €rd IlH chlckg dec!6a!6d by 1,r, 

aDd 0.86 trA le.cert per reek advanpaeDt of ag€. nhe! {LE cblckE 

e*losod t toc r€!€ EulplaoDted slth ruo Dg, a Bigdflcdt 

(! - -o.9sr") corlelatio! letwee! adveclla sa6 &iMood 

erlcos€ l€w1 *as fouDd. tea!.s6ioD dalrots lDillcat.d tnat 

*ith €ach seeL lncreaso of aAe l1ood gtucoss le?€1 d6cr6as6il 

br 0. 54 og perc€Dt. 

?. Setu chote6terol 

{sco*1c acld suptton€ntatlo! at tevots o, ,O aDd 1OO 

!e/rg oI f6ed unile! ror t@pelature st!€s6 !6duceil s€ro chotes_ 

tuer l€rels of iS cLtcks bt ,.4€ ald 5.6€ pelcd!,fsd!€ctivety,

- 12' 

as coDpdod to control, ltro 6aruE cbol€.t€st coDceltfatlo! 

of LgB ch1.k6 deleas€d !t 1.?5 dil 6.?1 !6!.@t at blsh 

ten!6!atu!e Etr6$ rhsb su!,pl@et.il {lth 50 dil 1OO ne 

aEcolblc aciil^s of f€ed, reBpoctivetr. lhe ddla! d*r€aEe 

ID aelm cnof€atelol I€vel 1r conlatl€ob to co!t!o1 pas 9.52 

ad 8.01 lercert at low ten!e!atu!6 stess €jt 1.?1 ard 6.98 

!6!c€nt at higb t66!e.aturo stress rlth a6corbtc aclil suppt€- 

lentatio! al; lev€16 ol 50 ald .00 DA/&A ot Jeoil. 

4h€ seru! crrolesteel codcertlation sleilicetly 

(Pl_0.01) rcduced sber asorbic aclil drppl€oaiauon ras Dade. 

Both the suppl@€btal leve]s of ascorldc acld €.lgDiflcatly 

(PL0.01) deleased s€tu chol.stefo1 colt€trt at 10. sril LLsh 

t@!..atu!€ stleaar horeve!, s!!1@entatlo! at 1oo De a6cof,b1c 

aciAAA ot le6il hail d.eniilcaaUy (rl_0.01) b6iite! stf€ct tba! 

lw I€ve1 of suplladtatlo! (5o d6 a*or$ic acld/Eg or teed). 

lroeil difleleEceg eele loud to be dsDltlcdlt (?L0.o1). 

lhg reslts !€veal€d that lSB sld {LE cbic}B t€d 

di€ts epll@€lied witb a€colllc acld uldef, hsat st-!65s (r9oc) 

haat loFe! Bero cholostesl level8 ldth adrec@6lt of ag€ lr!! 

6 to 12 reekE. the senD cholestelol 1eve1s 16!6 2@.5 ald 

184.5 DA !€rc.nt 1D IrSB ed €9,0 and 178,5 Dg perc€Dt in q&B 

chlckE at 5 se€ks of ag€r vhen stlptenentod fiiih 50 and 1OO !B

- r2G 

a8colblc acivr8 ot t6.d! lespoctly€ly, *b:!ch !€duced to 196.5 

and 185.5 Ds !6!c€!t in Lso abd 185.5 drd 1?5.0 Ds !€!c€.t ln 

$,..'1 chicks, !e6!€ct1v6ly, st 12 wedrs of ag6. gtgnttlcet but 

negattve colYelatlon l€twe€! sa€ ard s6!ui cbot6st€&1 teval eas 

lound 1n l,sB (! - -o.94r") a'd wr,H (! - -o.a92') chicrs su9p16- 

r6nt6d with tO og ascolbic aclv(g of teed. E.glessLlor a!a1r6i6 

Bhotr€d th8t with €ech rcek sdvaDcdelt 1! a6e tbe6 nas a 

d6c!eaa6 01 0.94 dd 0.66 n6 pglcdt ID sesur choledteml 1ev61 

b LSa dd IULII chtcks, !es!ect1r6b. rh. age (6 anil 12 r6ek€) 

dd seruD cholest€lol levele psre toula b be dgElficatltly 

cofelated (i = -o.90?") rn mrq chlcks 6lp!1@€nted Frth 1oo ns 

a6.olblc acldÊ of f€6il. RaargsEt@ dalt.ts !€vea16d that f,1t! 

each r66k adlan.er€nt tD ag6 s6!rE cholestetol concentratlon 

it€cleasod !y 0.69 DS !6!c6nt 1! fl:ig !i!iIB. 

J. 

80!u calciud 

?h6 !6sult3 rev6alel thai 6e4n catclun 16vets of 

lilt.H chlc]

-12?- 

resleetlvely. r! llcreas€ of ,10.5, eil ar,19 -oefcent.aE rourl 

in seftb calclur leve1 of lgB sd r&r cucks, !6q€cttv61y irhen 

d!!I€D6nt.d i{th loo na ascolb1c acldag of f6€d 1D coE!a!16oD 

to coltrot, !s.o!tr1c aciit EupltenoltatloE gav€ Detrs! tDlroveD@t 

i! l}tE than tbat ot !$ b.eeil. IDs].rsis of ldIdc€ of th6 date 

lldlcated that sens catclur conceDtratio! ,a6 d.B!1ricalt]y 

(P/ 0.01) lbllloved ar ,9oc, EoDev6!, t@ levet or aso$1c actil 

suDleDentatiob (50 dg a6co!b1c acld/Kc or reed)

-124- 

ed wLll (I = O.9941r) chlck3 EurDteenteat ,lih aOO bg a.colbtc 

acivKa ol ie6d at bigb ieD?€latae .t!€6s. !h6 r€gleE€lo! 

slafy.ls Eboeed that wlth oaob e6.! 1!c!6age ln as€, th6!6 was 

qn lncreaae oI 3o!un calciu corcertrarld w 0.066 alil 0.12{, 

ng p6!ceDt, res!.ctlvolt, th IJ!ts aDiI f,Iig c[tcks. 

4. Alood cltric aclit 

4b6 rosults 6ho,€il that lloorr cltxic acid 16ve1s of 

LS chlcks decreaseil bt 2,0., and ,.8a p€rceD! ar to, teDl'olature 

Bii!6s6 eil by 1.01 &d ,.04 !6rce!t at h1g! t€nlelatu!€ stroEs 

{heb f6it on diet6 dpllen@ted &ith 50 aDd 1OO bg a*o!!lc acldl 

xS of feed, !€slectlElt,r jj cobpali en !o coDrtot. !h6 €id1ar 

d€c!€qse i! lrood oirdc actd colc€Itxatton 1! fltE bildE ms 

2.99 ahc. +.t5 pe.c6!r at ,ooo abd 1.r,1 ald ,.94 lelceDt at ,9oc 

m6! €uplleD€lrea dth go aril 1oo n6 ascotblc etdTks of ,e6d, 

lespectrvgltr as collar€d to the coltrot sFup. 

th€ statlsticat @alye.ls o! th6 data r6eea16d that 

aacolllc acld st€nlflcantl, (rlo.oa) decleased brooir cltrlc 

eciit tevelc of }lt.itE unit€r heat 6t!€ss. 

Ebor€d that hid love1 of ascolbic e&r 

CoDpdieD oi !oan6 

suPpl @e! tarlon (1oo 

bE/Ks of leed) had siBrlficaltty (pLO.o1) bett€! €ff€ot ths 

tbat of loD lewet of a€corb.c acld (50 nglrs of feed). Bleed 

ilifrereDce6 sere founil to le slgniflcart (pLo.O1).

-11' 

It {as obgorveil thst rtth advec@et of BAe (Jlob 

6 to 12 veek8) blood citlic lcl,il codc6ntraiLo! ilocloe6€il i! 

J,$ aDd fLE clUcks sppl€ndted iith a&ort'ic arlar et LiAh 

teE!€letr€ EI!€EE. I Blgnlltcalt brrt reaativ€ co8elatlo! 

betwoe! age anat llmd citfic scld l€ve1 sas lould tn ISB 

(r = -o.grSt') eit {I,u (r = -0.955") cbicks !rr!!l@€oten 

rith 5O ng adcorblc aciil^g o! f€€il. Rogresslco €naltsis 

ohotred ihat each reek ad@nceD€nt 1D aE€ na6 assclat.it pith 

decr6as6 ol 0.005 anil 0.005 og lelcebt 1! bt@d cltdc acld 

content ol ISB and {Ifi cblcksr !€46ctive1t, ld?aEbg age 

(6 to 12 eoek6) {as also foulal to b€ aigliticutly co.r€lated 

ptth bloort cit!1c aclil tev€1 of Wr (! - -o.sli) blldE 6ulpl+ 

n€nteit wlth 100 Dg a8colblc acld^g of feed at blgh talelatue 

Btress. RegresEton aDellsls !6v6al€d that ritb €ach r€6k 

adeancmert 10 aae, th6!e Fas s decrease of O"OO' Dg !€!c@t i! 

blood citlIc acld leve1 1! $ I cblcks. 

l. gttMAT0!0crc.4! STUUIES 

(a) xl-iet oJ h€at stres. 

1vo6g6 varueB of !6it Uooit cetr couatt ha@oAlobin 

cobiebtj ertthrocyte EeillDent8tlo! late arit Fckeit c6I1 vo1@€ 

of !$ ard {Ul chlcks kelt at ai}leDt ts!6!atu!6 dDit 6:.poEeil 

to €xlsiDentql heat stresB havo b6€b pleEenteil h Tell€ 16. 

Stil,l6ti.al ealt€ir -. the dsta bav6 been giva iD lauo i?.

E? 

o 

h 

I 

!a 

3 I,; 

-1* 

R; $: 93 R3 

FS 

Efi 6;t +o i^6 

sfl 9: 33 R$ 

hK 

3g 53 9S 33 

d"i di iri RR 

-B 

t{E ;{r

3 

H 

6 

I 

A 

-1ta- 

@. 

E 

-1t?- 

1. Red bl ood cell couDt 

Th€ led bloort c61r countlt{66!ect of lAB ald {trH 

chlckE rear6d et adblent te!i)6!etu6 froD 4 to 12 9ee&6 ot ag6 

, itecEaseit rith llse itr a{btert tenperahre. Vsilu€6 ot 2.76 ad 

2.69 ElltioDs/Dr, {er6 lecordgd at i7.9oc ln 4,€6kB old r,S 

eil i'E/E chick€, !e@et1v61y, shtcb it€cleas€d ro 2.6? ed 2.59 

iluloas/@, at Z?.5oc lb rz ,6€ks o1d cnlcrs, 

&e @llent teq)eratu!€ aDd adv&cing age ,eie fouDit 

to b€ €igbtflcantlt coEelated {lth red blood c611 coult 1! 

ls (\..r2 = 0.899") dd En (&.ta. 0.9+2"; "urcr". n"g""* 

31oD ealtsds ghored tnat each itegse ceutigrado llcFase in 

erlida tebp€ratur€ &d each *6€t aitvalc€Doi i! a8e E6r6 

es6oclar6d klth 0.00a dd o.oo5 DlxLloEe/@, ir€cr6ase of err_ 

thlocyt6 !ux!€r 1! lSB chiclrr !o6!,6ctive1y. gor€v.!, 1! {LA 

cuicLs reit blood coll cout incloas€

-1t> 

31tress. ! g!6at6! i!€c!ea.e of !6d c6t1 lubo ,as rou.d tD 

mE ch1ck6 as coDpa!€d ro !5r, 6i8n1flca!i1y (pl_o.ol)hlshe! 

RBC couDt! {ere not6d h !S! as colpa!€d to m,E chtck!. 

lS and f,ltt chlcks .botroil de!€a6€ 1b th6h €!yth?o_ 

cyte couDt trlttr advanc6E€nt of ag€ fioi 4 to 6 w€€kE she! 

$ljected to lOoC. Uorever, no coFgtatlon b€tre6! a€e ald nBC 

coult wa6 lot6rl at thls teEperatule. R6d Uooil ce11 couts 

rlclea66d Fith advaEce@ebt of age (i!oD 6 to 12,eeks) i! r,S 

ad trLE cblcks rhen exlDs€d to tsLsh teDlelatae st!€s6. Eidty 

6i3Dlficot eit podttve corelatlon b€t e€! age aDd e.ythm_ 

cyte cou.i' eas touD.r 1D LsB (r = 0.99r.') snd EE (! = o.9sz,,) 

cLicks le6!€ctlvelyj rh@ exlDs6it to blgn rapelatuto str€ss. 

Regres8ioD ealysls !€v€alod tnat elth 6ach rcek ailranceDdt 

ol aee, IBC cout6 1lc!€aseat bX 0.02, abd O.OZ9 dltio!6/mr, 

leslectivety, ln lsa djd ltLH chlcLs k6!t at ,oC. 

2, taeposloblu coltont 

ISB 6hil l,l!U chlcks !ea!6d at Ebblent tenlelal,ure 

(1?'5 - n,'oc) Jmn 4 ro i? {66k6 Bhowed d6c!€es6 ot ha@ogto_ 

bi! (Eb) cobt€lt. rioqevelr no cor€tatlolB oenrg€n alielt 

teolerature anal Eb coliebi oi a8e ea gt coDr€li p€r€ f@DiI. 

Ttte !6dlts lndlcatoil tbat h€at stleE. d.gliflc6bttJ' 

(P/ O.0r) decreaEed E! coDt€lt of lSB e(t w,E ch1ck6 b, 9.As

-,tr4- 

and ao.at perc6lt at 10, t€opelatu€ sr!6sB !!d by ao!r2.Dd 

1r.25 p€lcont ar hrsb t€D!€rabus .tr.66, r.Ep€c6vetJ. !h6 

badoAlobln l6v€18 !6duc€tt ai a glsat.r lat€ !.n tIX than tnat 

, of LSa }!e6d. It ras ob€sv..t tbat IJAB chlct€ tdd dgDlttc&trl 

(rl:o.01) hrshor Bb cont@r;ha! rut ch1ck6. El1gDtrtcglt 

(P40.09) lDtelactloD berre6D t@p..ahl!s * D!6oit ,.8 !ot.d dt 

lor taDporatu.6 str€sE. 

Ee@ogtoblD coDt€!! or L6B aDil |If, cLlck€ €4oserl 

to loe t6op6!atur6 6r!.88, itec.oas6d ytta a.rvec6!€Dt lD as6 

fF! 5 to 7 r6eL.! botrv.!, th.r. ,ae no dgrtttc@t corrolatdon 

b€troe! 6ga @d Eb coDt€lt. rtre! chlc].6 re6 .:q,os6it to ,9o0. 

tlon 6 to 1? *66ks Eb coDtelt s1t6btr, iDcr€asod dtn advflcs 

r{.Dt ol. s8e br.r .lgiificanr coFarauoD b€t .an 6a€ ald 

haoo8lol1! coDtet ra3 foud o!1, h |tn cuct 6 (! _ 0.s85.). 

lte !€6r6ss1on ealtsls r€ves.tsd tbat j.ta €ach ,€€& atlvasdat 

of a86 [b coDt.Dt ]D XIA chiot6 lncr6ss6d b, O.OA1 8D D6!cdt. 

l. It'xthfo@to 6od.Lrepiauo! rat. (ESE) 

Itth the rls6 l! alibteDt t6ltporatu!. (1?., ro Z?.loC, 

6trd rltb aileqDcaD.ut 1! sS€ (4 to ,?,66ks) .t?tbro.ri€ ..d1_ 

!€otatlon rat6 ot tbe coDtrbl cblckE 1!c!Bs*d. Ib6 srbtglt 

t6Dl'.ratule ald airv@cllB a€e ,o!e d.g!4ftc6!u.I co!!.Lat€d 

rlth B6daDeEt&doD .at€ or !68 (\,,1.._ o.9e.f1 _6 e1s

-1t> 

(Rr.ta- 0.96**). ror each d€sre6 c€nt16rade tmr€a66 i! aDblent 

teryBrqli1!6 anil qdth eacb !€ek ailrace@ent 1n sga the!€ ,as s,n 

1nc!ea.6 of 0,0? ald 0.0, i&/hou! 1n EsR ot L!9 dd O.O, e.I 

,0.0J1 n hour iE nSR ot u t cLlcks, le4sctivalr. 

It *as lev6aleil llon tb. r€.dtts that h6at etroBs 

sisnlfic@tty (pl_o.Ol) Ircr6as6a ESt b, 6.r|0 anat 2i.t percoit 

1! lSB sril by 20.65 od 2a.50 pelcent iD tLE chlcks,F@€ctlv€1.r, 

ai lof, aiit hlgh toryelature 6tress, aE coDpa!€il to tI. colth1 

s&u!. L6B chick6 had sisbttlcdtly (plo.oJ) hishe! dodldelj,atio! 

lato LhaD wLll chlck€ 6t botb the stless !eape!st1E66. 0ttt6 tog- 

hoEs sboftd higber 1Dc!ea6e ol IsE tha! LS br€€d dl€! oxposed 

It @B also obs6!v€/I that 6!ytb!octt6 B€dtroDtatlo! 

rate lDclea3€d vlth ailvanc.E€ni o! ag€ f!o! 4 to 6 e€6ks tn !68 

aid l{Ia cbicks k6!t at low t€!}).latds strs6s| hoe€@lr tX6!s 

waE Do El8niticdt colr€tairion betre€o ESR ald a8o. r,rth adrance_ 

Eent ol a8e fton 5 to 12 seeks, lSR itecleasoit 1D lSB slil WLE 

chlcks qt tr! Eh t€llefetur€ st!6ss. Slslillcant but Desatlr6 

coE€Iatlo! betq6@ age enit ESR sas obBery€n at toC 1D !S 

(! - -0.926") dd Mfi (! = -0.971"') cucre. rhe leslessloD 

ar'altEl€ leftal€it that dth ea.h re6k l[clease of aae tb6!6 ras 

a declea6e of 0,057 dd 0.091 Ebôu! 1! EsI ot ts aDir rl,E 

ch:lckBr !espoctivelt.

-1ia- 

4, pack€d celt volup€ (pov) 

The f1E6 1! arbtaft t€nlorarule (1?.t 16 e.rac) 

anil advalc€D€nt 1b aS6 (4 to a2 {€ekE) had a at€'plesg1ls €rfect 

' on lacked .e11 roluD€ of th€ contlol ch1ck6, th€ a@i6nt ifile_ 

lature and edveclna ag6 F!6 sl8dflcartty colletated Flth 

!ack€d cel1 w1un6 ot lsB (q.12 - 0.919") dd Es (Ry.r_o.9r5i') 

chlckE. rot aac! il€g!6€ c6n{g!ad6 !1s6 lD aDli€lt t@p6!atu!6 

haelatocrlt ot 1JSB cblcks 1lcleas.il b, 0,2a, !68@t oil eitr 

each eeek adv8.c@ent 1n s8€ it it6c!ea.6d by o.84, pe.cat. ID 

w,E cbicks, packed c€U aot,!6 it€cles66it bl O.191 sd O.2, 

lercelt tor 6ach degrse csltdgrade 1[cr6asB ed €sh peet aitvsnco_ 

D@t 1D 68er r€ s! ec tlvelx. 

StgoiflceDt (pl_0.01) d6c!€as6 ID pCV ea6 obserrod I! 

Ls @d {IE chlcks rhe! eDo€6ir to lo, .rir htsh tglp€latule st!e6s. 

Dec.ease ln PCv h coDpsi6o! to .oltrbt ,as 8r' SDit,rOiF 

lercent 1b !S arir ?.89 ahd 9.tt p6t.o\t t! nlLE chlcks eeosed to 

1otr ald h16h t€Dleratu!€ str6ss, !€a6ct1v6tr. rb6 !6ck6il coll 

@tqne *es hlgho! i! !S th;n tlt chlckgjhor€verr b!.6i! dlf{e!6DceE 

pere founit to be statiEtlcatly !on-E1gn1[caDt. 

nre leeutts lndlcatoil tbat rlih adv&coDeDt of aA6 ,f,oD 

4 to 6 eee_ks, pCt d6c!€aEeit jn lgB and m,tr chlcls !&€n drbJecteil 

to los t@leratur6 st!668r hoe6ve!, no dg!1flcsDt colretation

etw6e! as€ ed pCV was folnd. rrAB ed lrul chlck6 gQoseit to 

,9oc floE 6 to 12 *e€ks of aso 6hor€d dlaht rnc!6as6 lD !Cv. 

! steDiflcant colfelatioD (! - 0.968..) betre€n sa6 ad l,cv 

eae fou.t lb tDE chlcks at bt6h toe€latur€ Btr6EE. ReareBgio! 

analysis qaa oDnduc teit Fhi.h lndlcat€d that sacb lve€k advs.Ec€@@t 

ot aae sas s.€oclated Fith 0.414 p6!c@t aDclsase or fcv. 

(b) 

-1r?- 

tv6lage value. of r.d U@d celr .ountr hamoBlobh 

corteDt, 6iytblocyt6 seiltE@tatloD late @d paoksit c6tt "otur6 

iD LS aid slg cblcks ereosad to 6)(I)€dne!tal bsat 6tr66s anit 

dllleoeDtei eitb r6corUc acld bav€ !€@ !!€s€a!€d 1D table €. 

lDaltsts of vallabco of the data have b€eu glvFjt 1! rabt6 ,19. 

1, x6d blood c61r cou! 

rb6 r6arfts revealod tbst 1€d blooir c61l coulrd of 

lS! cLicks exposed to toe t@DelatDfe stEss fo! 2 r6eks 

h.!ea€6d br t,2? ed a.9? !6!c.!t ,h6D $lpr€ieDt€d with ,O 

sld'l0O ne agcolblc acid/xg of !6ed, r€s!6ctively, i! conlar1$D 

to ulsuplleientod contet. rhe! h€at stlesg ted!6!atu!e {as 

.levated to too du"ing srlsequeDt 6 ,eek6r .r!t)!1@.otatio! ot 

asorlric actd at 50 ald 100 uF 1.v€16 1!cr6ag6d:t@c coulrs of 

!S! cblcls ly 1.59 ea 9.2, !e!c6!t, !6s!ectlr.1g, [h€ inceaso 

1E RBc couits of SIII chlcke na€ ?.Ol aid ?.69 poro€li at rop

id 

^s 

E" 

s! 

6 

^s 

;i 

I 

ts 

h 

-1td- 

"i "i dF i.i RS 

9F E9 EB 

iE 

d8 

a

e 

5 

E 

a 

AI 

$, 

: 

o'. 

ct 

3 

-14o- 

!@!€rarur6 st!6ss dit 2.6a @it 1r.ra peeot at blah tdp+ 

rature stless ph€b dlets Ro!€ 6u!!1a€bted ,itl, 50 ed 1OO !g 

a8corblc FciVKs or te€dt le6lectlvely, lb€ 1!p!ove&e!r ln cetl 

DuDber paa louEd to !6 g!€at€! 1D !!E chlcks tha! tlrat o, Ls. 

dtatistlcal &6ly!ij ot th6 data ild1rat€d tbat 

ascolbic acld suppl€&entatiob slsnlflcdtly (plo.oi) lD!!oved 

RBC couts of bllits expo€6d to h€at 6tro66. sorh tevels of 

stlllerentation hait signlf1c&t €rfect o! mc couts o, !i!ils. 

fte hiah ald lor tovets or drlpleD€otatloD dlft€reii bo!_ 

signttlcaltlt iroD each other at ,ooC, horever, b:le! levet of 

ascorbie aciat (1Oo !e&s of ,eeil) Eave €tsdfic$tr r @LO.o1) 

greater t[I)rova6Dt tha! td levet. Br€ed allffer@cos sere 

foubtt to be sts,ificdt (pLC,O1). 

EFrthrocyt. couDt€ or th€ su!!1@at6iLJSB dd f,r,E 

chlcks lncleased Fjth advqlc€mnt ot a66 rtoD 4 to 6 s€eks eh€D 

er:po€6d 1to low teDlelatule €tleEsr hoa€vs, Do El$iflcalt 

cofelatio, beteeon a6e ald !!c couts pss fouDil, si4llar tleril 

eas observed leg8jdiDg BC couDts tD th€ sullte!€eted iS! aDd 

VlH cbicks at hish teelelatule stless. I slgDljlca[t corfelatlo! 

(r = o.gsr") !€r,e6D a8e snd xro cot,nt ,as obgerveir in rrs! 

cblck6 xhe! su!pt6n@!€d dtb IOO Eg ascoltlc ej.d^g ot feea 

at ht€h teopdatule 6tr6€s, Xeg!6ssloD ea]Jd€ ,as peltoreed

-141- 

eirtch lDdlcatgil that *1th each 

sas o,ot Dlruo!6,/E!t 1Dc!.a66 I,SB 

2. 

th6 !e€u1t6 dbo$il tbat a€co$lc actd .uDpta.rDta_ 

t1o! at lsvslg of to s.Dd rco rglEe ot I€€d, r€sp€ctd.votlr 

1Dc!€ao6il ha@oAlouD coltaDt or lAB cbtcL6 b, 5.Ol aDil ,.r4 

!6rcent at 1or r€Dp€latula s.,.668 ed by ?.15 ard 9.OG p6rc6!r 

at bigb t6d!e.atu!6 Et!e6.r lu coDpari€o! to co!t!ol. rhs 

lncrea.t iD ba€ooglobh cort€Dt o! IlE cblciE dB ?.iO aDiI 

9.04 pe.cen.u at 10, toDperahr!€ st!€6s eDir ,.? aDd 11.14 

lelceDt at blgb terloretur€ at!6ss dsD drlptdsntod r1t[ 50 

alril 100 iA escotSle actdfA of t..ilr r66pccriv€ry. 

rt ras ob€olved that addttioD ol a6corblc acld 

8lsnlflc5ltlJ (pl_o,0.1) !ai6€d tb€ basos.lobrD colt€Dt ot 

btlitE !6a!ed @d.r b6et str66E. lottt 

had dsDtfl.cet .rf€ct (pl_o.cr) lur 

aclit !€sutt6d 11 61gD1flcantl, Lrgh€,r 

atgnlflcantly (PLo.O1) rloD 6sch othort rntslectlo! betreon 

3u!!leDebt3-1 levol & b!€ed sas fouDat to 

NoD-BtgDiftcBnt iUff6r€lo€ *a6 o!g€lvoit 

of drplleroratlo! 1D r,S b!6€d. 

1€v6lBof aeolbtc aclit 

h:Leh 1ea61 or ascolblc 

\d1uos. B!66.ts dltt.!6d 

bo €lsdIlcAllt at ,oc. 

!6tr56D th6 tm t6v6ts 

Vith adraEc€leht ot ag6 floD 5 to 12 rc6k6 [b coDtglt 

1!c!ea66d ln tSB drd qlLH chlckE kelt at b€a! stlosE t{p6!atu!€

- 142- 

of ,9oC oD su!!1€a6EtadoD, rh€ advqlclng age ed Eb coDteot 

E€le slsntflcartly conorared h isB (! = O.gea..) @d r,!E 

(" - o.9?7"\ cbtcks s4,!ladt6d rlth ,o !B --*o!blc aciivEs 

ot feed, Rea!€ss1@ 8,1a.tJ 6Is lDdlcat6tt ihat Eith each e€€& 

aitvancen€lt of age, Hb content lnc!€asod ny O.o2t eil 0.026 fig 

p6!c.rt 1! ISB @il N&E chtck., !€6t,6ctiye1r. SlgDtflc&t co!!€- 

lailol8 letseen ailvarcln8 age (G to 12 sek€) @it sb colt@tE 

sele atso obs6rv€ri 1! r,s (! = 0.s52') ed rut! (! = 0.981,1) 

btlde Eu!'lleoented *tth 100 ne ascorblc aclvKg or re6d. 

Reglesslon daltsie BhoF€il that eacb e6dk advarc€b6Et 1n ag6 

ra8 assoclated *lth a! iDclease ot o.oo? ad o,ot etr p6!c@t 

in lib coDteDt ol LS! eil ilUI chtcks, !6slectively. 

;. I.rthrocYtB s€iUd€ntatio! rete 

the lesullg ibitlc.teil that 6rythlocyte s€diboltatlon 

Et€ of !66 cLlck6 declesssir bt a2.OO sld ar.OO lslcot at 1oo 

t€ipeEture st!6ss ed 5.7a 4iI 17.16 pec€nt at btslr topela- 

ture €t!€Ea *h€r1 slpl@dted u4th 5o dd 100 Dg a*orblc aclv 

K8 ol leed, ro6!@tlv€1y, stdilarly,tne!€ oas 19.5? ald 2o.oo 

leNebt ilerease i! 66itiEatatlo! lats lD mE btlits at ,OoC 

alit 5.52 eit 1?,55 p.tce\t d€cr€ase at toc *heD tuI4'1€o6ted 

*1th 50 end 1@ ng a6co$1c allvf,g of f€ed, !e@6ctiv6l,yr 

atatlstical &alysls of th6 data retealed that ESO

oI bl!ds sienifjcaEtlr (pl_O.ot) d6c!€Bs6d du6 ro sscorblc 

acld Eulll€bontatlon. lotb 1evolE of 

non-Blgntlicstly at tow terEelatule 

' betwe€D 16ve1a becaE€ s1g!1fi!aDr (pLo.o1) at blielr t@!€!airr€ 

st!es.. LsB.hlcks b8d .i@iI5c4t1J (pLo.o1) hj SbeF EAR thd 

vltth the aitrancea€nt of aA6 fton 4 to 6 nBeksr lSR 

iDcrea€€il tb lS abd flli chicks !h€! drp!1d!6Et6d wlth ascorblc 

acld at loP tgD!€ratule str6ss. Foeoverr no sigliflcelt cos& 

tatio! betweeD age 6!d xSIt res ioud. nhe blrils r€!€ sulDlaeDted 

froE 6 to ,r2 reeks ot age ritrb io rg aEco.tdc actil^g of teeil at 

heat stress tgllolature ol 4toC, th€ E6R ras foud to be decleaed 

in J,sB, Dhelees an ircrosse Eas noteil tn m,fi chtcks. 618!1f1cet 

colfelaltion b€ts€en sge ald lSR was founil t! ISB (! - _O,S8r') 

and tiE (r = 0,91?') ctrtcks. IieSre6slo! aD€tysts !€v€sled r.har 

eith €ach ee€k advalcene.t io ag€ xSR ib LgE cb:!ct6 decleased 

by 0.057 anil that of f,r,E cbicks lncleased bJ o.o? @aour. shd 

L$ dd IIil cblcks e)Oosed to toc 16!6 6ury1@eai6it dth aOO 

Dg ascorbic aciil/Es of f€ed, :tsr 1.creaE€d but !o co!!61at1o! 

FaE oo€elv6d bettreen sa€ 6bd FjR or bl!d.. 

4. Pack€d cell @1u6 

e!!1€n€6 tatloD iBf t€leil 

6tres€, b( *svd, dlrtsacg 

Ihe addl tion ol 'o eld 1OO Dg a6corbic acld/KA ot

f66il in lS cblckg, le6p€ctivelyr t[lloveir packed c€U rctune 

br 5.78 anil 8.r, !6!c6nt at 1@ teDloraru€ and by 4.? dd 

8,4, percont at high t6eperatrur6 stle€E, tIJi chlctg doDoit d 

1rclease ot 5.41 8d 6.25 !6!cg!r ar toc &at 4.76 eir 9.0, 

lelcebt at ,9oo Ib lcyj ebon sulll€dated sttb ,o sld 1oo ug 

of dscolblc aclitÂ of f6eit, r6slectdy€1r. 

the statl stical soar-ysls of tle data lDdlcat€il 

slgDificalt (pL0.01) lncresse 1D pCV ot b1lars ep!1@€Dr€d 

*ith ascolblc aciil uDd6! b€at st!6ss. Coryali3oD of b6an6 

reveeled that hlsh level oI ascorbic aciil !€6utten h dgDtfi- 

catlr (P/ 0.01) slEat€! iDcles6e lD PCV of !ird6 thsn that ot 

1@ revel. lreed8 aiffo!€d slsnlftcaltly (pLo.01) fmD eacb 

othe! in thls r€gdd. 

rhe !6s1tB Ehoned jhat adElc€n6Dt ot ag6 (t!D 4 

to 6 w€oks) 3!d lackeit ce1] voluDe r€!€ lot si8llflc&t1r co!r€- 

lated iD th6 supplslgbteit 168 aia slH chlck6 at 1or t€Eleratre 

6tre6s. Ho@v6!, a aignlflcaht co!!€tatloD (r = 0,958") b6t*oe! 

advencilA aAe (6 to 12 reeks) altt ?CV raa loud 1D tS chlckB 

arppler€Dt6d *ith 1@ EglKA of feeit at bigt! tdpslatu€ Btless. 

negles8ion analJsis levealed ihat rltb €ecb reek iDc!ea66 of sao 

thele res d lrclea6e o! lCV bt 0,41 !€&@t in lSB cLtckE.

-14> 

IgAg,-II 

In this pha8e 16 putlets (B €ach of nut srld !S 

breeits) n6!e lept 1! fou! b€at cbaDbers to!. a !€doa ol I 

ee6k3, th€ ilrds placed ln tb!€6 h6at chaDb.ls f,€le €*poE6d 

to teDpelatules of ,ooc (1o, t€D!6!atue) fo. 2 ,seks eir 

theh to ,9oc (hlsh t6Dpelaf,d6) du!1Ds EubsequeDt 6 eoekE. 

lts lul]ets 1! the coltlol chan!6! tr6re nailtelnod at snbiolt 

r€npelah!. anir stv€n t€€ir ad_!!!!E! witbour added agcolblc 

acid, rhile, those i! the leoald.lg tbree chanbols !€ce1v6it 

saDe Iseds to aptetite lut €ulple{enteil Bith o, ,o ald 1oo EA 

e6colblc aclil pe! rs or f6E.t, !6Bp6ctlvetJ. 

A. PITTORM,{{CE O! PI]IIITS 

(s) 

t*r6 av€.a8e eAg lfoatucuoD, fe€at con@!tlo!, te6it 

convelaror latio ed boa, ,6ights ol pullets r6a.€d at albl€lt 

DliI heat stresE t@!e!atu!86 lave be€n preserred tD Iablo ZO, 

Statistlcal an€lyd.s oi the itata hav6 b6e 81v* ln [a!16 Za. 

tb6 li4H siM pultetB showed fedrctio! ot ,5.21 

&il 16.57 n€&e!t in .sg pfoductlo! sbeD erpo3ed to lOoC t6np€_ 

ratule fo! 2 *eeks as con!$ed to tho cont.ol, ti6 gleate!

g 

; 

e t'e 

i.r 

B 1.. 

i lR 

-1t]6- 

I{ 

F ii @ dt 6 Y 

RR 99 RR P 9 

'r * 

6-- : F X5 

f+ 

H5 :9 

BR $s S$ ae 

@,9 9"1 

tL k-a ii i1 

n: :i d.t:.; 

Efi Efl Ffi EE 

& 

3 

8flF 3 

I

; 

d 

r& 

o2 

n 

E 

6 

$ 

;l 

too 

b ct.o 

*'!t R 

a "t 

iF' ii ai; E 

p 

'{'J +

eductrion (59,09 ad 58.9? !e!cenr) in ess lloductlon of yrrE 

and Isa lurletE *B oblaved at high tenperacue €ress as 

co@4ed to tb€ coDtblj i. 

Tbe stai$tical analysls of the dsts levested signi_ 

ilcdt (PL0.o1) &ductton rn egg lloduction at 10! and hish 

rerperarure st.$s. Sieed diffelences vele 

significdt at lOoC tui beca!€ Elgnltrcet 

(Pl_0.05) at l9oc. 

the temperatu!€ r bleed threlaciton ua! slenlfLc€nt (rlo.o5) 

at 1ov teep€latule stlesE. 

tbe !€ultB reveale,t that teeil consualt&n ltr iil,g 

&d I3B luilet3 ras lord by j4.90 ahd 15.g5 ldcent, resllec- 

tively, ,heh exposed to ,OoC ten!.!aru!e fo! 2 ,6ek6, vhereas 

leduction in feed consunption vaE Mlked out to b€ 40.78 ald 

4o.rl lelceat ln {tJE ed rSB tultets, respecirv6ry ai rrlgh 

tenperature 8t!ess, Tbe IS! lullete consm€il oole feed tha 

{IrE, leed iniake ua€ found to be leduced at a aleat€r late i! 

1,5! lluet8 at 10, tempelarulo 6t!e66 lbrlle f,tfl lullets had 

gleater lednction at high teopelatule stres6 than thei! 

counte!!€!t3. ,na.tJai6 ot vdlance of the data jndtqated 

aisniflcdt (rl0,o1) rednctlon j,n foed consuElrron ol blrd6 

due to heat 3t!e6e. li:eeds d1ff6!ed sisnrificd y (!Lo,ol) 

ftoD each othe! ia ttris !es!ect.

-149- 

Ileat €tres6 (rOoC) de!!es6€.I fe€d conve$ion letlo 

in VlH arrd IS! !uUet6, horeae!, resutts ,6!e statigtlcauy 

non-8lgrljicant. Sibitdly breeds iuff€red !on-61eaif1cdt1y 

llon each rthe! at rooc. fhl! i{Lq ahd r.sB lulrets ,e!e erlosed 

to lgoo tenpexatule during subsequent 6,eek6, efficlency ol 

feed utllrzation sianifrcdtly (pl0.o1) tolorerlGhed by t0.s54 

and 10.8t1 lercent, lespectivety. fhlte leghorns hait bette! 

feed conver8ion raiio thd tl!! !u11et6 at hlgd t€Dl,elatue 

Ehess. lleed diff€!€hcee yere found to be Bisaiflcart(rlo.Ol). 

The body {eieht of l{Ut and I8! luUet6 decloased on 

exlosDre to looc for 2 feeks. Ioveyer, the leducrion vas toud 

io be ataiistlca.lly boh-alADlficdt, thd ten!*ature vd lsleed 

to ,9oC duling subs6que4t 5 !e€ks, body lelght oi IS! and {!g 

luuets slsrificdtly (?Lo.ol) decleased by lo.05 ad lo.lo 

pe!ce4r, r.slecrlyely. lbe Ltaltpur sitvof Btacks had bighe! 

body relght thaD fI,H lullet€. tleeil dlffeleace€ rele found to 

be slenlricut (llo.01). 

No !o!ta11tt wa6 obselved 1! dst of tb6 e;;rrneltsl

(b) Stfect of aBcolbic acld su 

ivelaAe egA ploducrion, feed consuEltion, feed 

conve!6f,on latio, Bld lodJ \Flnbt oi pu .ots e*nos6d to h6et stre66 

alil dr!!1*6rted with a6aortic acid hqv€ b€6n !!e6.fied tu tabte 

22. Analr€i8 of vsiance of ihe data havE been eiven i! rEbte 23. 

the r4ltt8 leveaterl that @corbic acid 6ull)ta*tatlon 

at the rate ol 50 ad 1OO [c/Ee of feed tol)loveu egg lloductlon 

.|n I'lIiH lu1letu bJ 25.00 aid t0.77 lelcent at 10{ t€n!er6tu!6 ad 

bJ 5,26 dd 40,00 I,elcent at hlgb tenlelatule stresE,leslectivety. 

vheleaE, ibrroyenert th eeg llnduction rn IS! luUotE va O and 

16.6? percent et tooc and 2o.oo ?,nd 40.?4 !e!ce.t at ,9oc rheh 

sulllenented vlth 50 atrd iOO og ascolblc acld^€ of feed, !e6!ec_ 

tiyely. Statftticat daty6is of the.lata feveare

s 

5x "J3 S: RP 

i-- :3 :x 

x3 s$ 3I 3R 

!q\ 

xH 38 

""% h1.' "rE ee 

oid; rd ;i 6d 

X; :9 

Si !"s SS Rg 

." Fi ";; 8g 

eq :_ l' Bs R8 

q! ;; -"i 

n6 *9 

ti !'r EF 88 

9: 

:i :E 

EE Ffr Efi EE 

3 

.1 

H 

3 

a 

a 

6 

s

E s; ".'; E t8I 

x &ss!, & E,jp 

v 

i, 

a 

9N 

&"; 

B 

B 

2 q 

B, 

"B 

ff5

dlff€ldc€s b€tro€D ze& dil 'o Dg ascolbic ac1vr6 of fe€.t. 

NoE-signiti.dt iEffele.c6s qers touDd 1D €Ag lroiluoti.o, 1[ 

u!3ulplen6.teit ulF u!d6 ald jJEB pu116ts sr!!lodgDteit *lth 

50 !a a€colbtc aclvf,e of teed. 

l€colulc acitt spllsD@tatloD at t€v€18 of 5o anil 

100 nA/KA of f€6it 1bcleaEed t6€it oobsbltlo! 1n iiLH pullots 

at loe t@leiatu!€ Etless bJ ?.19 ald j1.1, pBlcat, reslectlv6lr, 

1n coopariso! to co.trol. h |l!! lullets exgos€d to hleh ta!6_ 

lstule 6tree6,th6!6 eas 4.0, and 2a.68 !€Ic.nt lblrowD€Dt 1! 

Je€d lntake rltb 50 &d iOO DB eeco$ic acivxg of feeil, !es!oc_ 

t1v61t. I$ pnU6t6 suppleDelt€il rltb 'o anit 1OO DA ol ascolblc 

ecid/re or feeit had 8.?9 &a j.A7 lelcdt InploveDout 1! f€€d 

conE@ptron at ,ooC ald ?.?6 arn 2r,1o lerc€lr et ,oc,r€B!€cttvety, 

a3 coDlared to cobtlot.stati6tlca1 aoalrsd of th€ itata ildlcat€d 

tbat a.corbic ac1 ir sppt@ej ratloD slsni f lcantrJ (pl_0.01)lDpsved 

f€ed lntake of lutl6ts u!il6! h€at stless. B!6ed dlttegnc€s u6r6 

fould to be slsnlflc&r (pl_0.01) at toF tap6latue stless, 

hotover' noD-sl8d'tc€nt ble€c illfle!€bc€g *s!€ obselv6it at ,oC. 

loth the dpp16o€!ta1 levelB 61gnlf1cabt1y (pl_o.Ol) lEl)lov€it t€6d 

co!Eu@!tio. ot bhds. Eoreve!, hlah€i level of drplteentetloD 

had slAllficaDtly !6tte! effec! as corpa€d to 10* 1evdr. 

th€ !66ults !€vealed tn6i a€colbic acid €u!?leDentatlon 

1n!!oved feed conve!61oD ratio ci li4,H aad !S lultets uDile! hest

-1r4- 

stfess, a6 corpared to ihe coDtlol, ho@j.!, th€ lEdrtts rer€ 

lound to be stati.Btica1lt Don-61Anlticet, The offlcl€ocy of 

f66il utiltzatlod 1, {!,E pultcis at hlgh t@!€!aiu!e 6tre.6 saE 

inlroved bJ 0.9] ald j5.88 !.rc6nt rh6n dulltdelted wftb ,o 

and 100 ng asco -lc a.ld^g ol !.edj r6@6ctiv6lyr tha! that o! 

contlol. lbs 1Dlloverent 1n teed coDverslo! rstlo iu LS pult€tg 

eas rouDit ro \e 42.7? and, 20./r, p€rceht, pheD 6u!!1{eDtod !,irh 

,o elil 100 Ds a6co!b1c acivrs of reed! re6poct1v6ty. Eb6 lDpio- 

veDert Fa6 fornd t! bo gleat€! 1n !s! tbe M,H blrits. coDlarleD 

of nea!6 levealed that sultleEatatlon ot a6corblc acld at htgh 

lerel h6d Bicd ftcdLlt (p4_c.ol) b6tlo! ellect tba! Io, l€v6l 

oi 6uptl6D€ltaltioD. heed6 iErf€reil !on-Big!Mca!t1J at 10, 

tetrleratlEe sileser troeeve!, br€sar dtfterebces !6c@e d.g!iflcet 

at hlei teEpelqiufe 6t!eEs. slsnlfica.N (pl_0.01) 1Et6!actlo! 

betwoen swtelebiat lev€l & oleeil was rouDd dt ,goc. NoE- 

srsliflc@t dltferenc6s was obserwd letre€D !.eed. suppt€Dgltoit 

Flth '0 ng ascorblc aclvrg ol l6eil. tro.-dg.1ficslt illffolelces 

x€re a16o oliselveil betregn zel! ald ,O !g aEcorblc acld toveto 

lD botir tb6 b!6eils, 

4h6 !6su1ts lnitlcated tbat lodt s€1ght ot m,g @iM3 

pu11et3 lbc!€a56d {hd EumroDented eltb aspo$lc aciil Dd€! 

heat stress, ho@ver, irymv@ert ras tound to !e EtatisflcarlX 

non-6l6nificant. Ihe loilt rel8bt of LS blrits s€le sigolftcaltly

- 15> 

(1L0.01) hlsher the that of w[E pullors ar both the @vl!or_ 

B. !!e oETIICTERI6IICS 

(e) 4199t of hoat sh!€Es 

rvdaee €eg r.1eht, 6be1t ,61eht a.d &6u tnld@ess 

of $LH aEd lgB pxllots k.pt at ebleDt talaratur6 ad 6xp6d_ 

Dentsl heat stres6 have !€€n !!66ent€d I! tabt€ A4, Statistlcal 

&a1Jd6 ol the data bav6 beeD glveD 1[ rable A5. 

'1. Xaa welcht 

1B iB evldelt frob !h6 data 6bom 1n tabl6 24 ih6 

heat 6tless reituc€il eaa r€1gbt of Iull€ts .!d tt!€ t€ihrctio! tn 

seight was 1?.51 dit 11.91 le&ehtr r6sp6ciivoty, ,hd 6ulJ6cieil 

to ,OoC, as coDpa!€d to the c.rt!ol, ! gleate! rodlct{oE 1.6.! 

21.11 and Z).q) pelcentr i! egs e€lBht of flX sltr !6A pull€ti 

was o!66!ved at h18h t@telaturo st!68s, res!6c1r1v€1J. Iho Era 

putlets lald heavle! 6ges 6s coolarott to !sB. Btatlstlc€r .x.tJd.s 

ol the ilata !6vea16d that eAg,elght or bilila f,as dgntflcaDtl, 

reduced tnile! h6at str€ss. 

2. !!elI selehr 

Ii tas ob Eesed tLat 

a2.4A ahd 12.11!e!ceut, 1n 1{Trg 

{heo exposed to 1or tdpolatu€ 

to tb€ coltrol, the d€crsase in 

€ga shou rc1ght ir4ft6ed by 

ed IS !uu6ts, 16 slec ti1v6t, 

Btloe8 to! 2 ee€k., as coDlaleit 

she11 reldt at hi6h t6!p€!atu€

E 

F 

i: 

ie 

E3 

9: 

s{ 

i.? 

CF 

.; 

9 

!!v 

! 

E. 

-155- 

5i. 

-{! 

*E 

9q 

? 

h 

6 

! 

3g 3 

- 1r7_ 

6 

.- 

-15"_ 

Btross {as 21,12 and 20.09 lacent tD fiLt eiMa Dutt6t6, 

lespectlvely. fte reducrlon 1D sheu s€16ht {as sr6at6r 1D 

wLB pultets than that oitS. tDalydis of vdiaEco of tb€ date 

roeoal.d .lgDtflcslt (pl_o,01) tt*!66se iD sh€tr ,olBh t o! 

b1!il6 ex!o66

ib! q 

d! 

d 

-19- 

hh b! tE 

$5 

it :st i F 

39 

6A tS $R 

d,ii-ido. 

Efr Efr Ffr 

fl 

5 

t 

6

o3 

;9 

!p; 

;i6 

a 

6 

! 

\ 

2 

q 

1. 

-16,1- 

The lesuttE !6@aled thot a€cortlc acld drl\)leleota_ 

tton at th6 rate of 50 sid 1CO DglrA of fs€d tdproyeil eAg 

Feight of $LE luuets bt 7.?5 and 8.6 pelceltr Fspecjiivelr, 

at 1or ]reDp€latufe stlese, trhe lsproveneDt 1! 6gg sai8bt ot 

l\tliE !ul1et6 at ,oC *as 4.20 dil 19,09 pelc€n! wae! sulpt@oatoil 

wlth 5o ard 1@ Dg ascolblo aclvrg of teeil, re@ect1v€1r. lSB 

pdlets sulltenented {Ith I sld 1OO Es a€po$ic acid^s of Je€it 

lbopeit in!f,ove@Dt t! eg6 s.ight !t 5.9? ed 6.82 lercat at 

gac ana +.?5 tuiI 1r.OZ p€N€jt at ,oC, lespecdvetr. 

€tatistical analtsis of th6 ilata iDdlcateil that 

a6co.lic acid sq)plee€ntardon si gDltlcaDtty (!4O.O ,1) :iarov€d 

6gA w.tght of bi!

_.162_ 

at JOoc l|&roved !y ?,6, ant 8,A, !€&€nt. flrei ilLE punetB 

€xrroA€d to hlsb tslelatllo Et,6Bs ,6!€ riulpl€deDted witn 50 

dd 'lOO ng ascoruc acld/,kg of feedrthe inlrov€nenr tu 6be1l 

ueisht tn contarlson to control eas 4.25 and 1r.08 polceot, 

reslectlvely. The Inplovee!! 1! 6h€11 e€tght ID IrSs pultete 

@i 6,56 ed ?.a1 !6rcent st ,oC 6Dd 4.94 e41 rr.06 p€lcelt at 

goc' olti 9 aid 1OO EB e$o!}1c acld^g or f€€d, respectlvely. 

statlEttcal araly$s ot t!€ data lbd.lcatgil tnat 

asorotc acid d.sntflcetly (pl_o.01) 1D!!ored sb6u ,eishr rn 

iILU ald !38 putlets oxposed to h€at str6€s. Coqpali.o! of ed6 

sho*it that both 16r€ls ot €uplten€Etatdo! hsd Bi8Dificalt 

(PZ_0.o1) eifet. rorew!, DoD-6isnltlcet dlrfeleNe n€reeen 

bigh dit lor levets of slpptd@tat1@ ,a. !o!€d at 1oq te!!o_ 

.atDre stress, ehller d1ff6loDc6 bot,€€! drpt,te@tal tev€1g 

b€caDe slsriftcabt at dlsb t@!e!atu!. st!o6q. Bleeds iErrered 

sic!1fic8!tly (pz_o.Oi) floD each orb6! tn @16 r€4ecr. 

sb€l1 tb_tctr e€6 

The eg6 sh61t thlcklogE 

a,a1 and 9.9? percent at ,ooc ed 

79oc wr'er "unn1-"nt"u rlth 50 ahn 

feeil, &specttv€lJ, 1n coD!a!1.oD 

tn shel1 thlclDesd ot 6AAs latd ty 

1n S&lt lutt,ets fuDrohit by 

ly 4.69 ald 20,26 lelcdr at 

100 Es aEcoftic acld^s of 

to contml. tbe 1r!!o!6b@t 

!E! luuets EaE G.S, &d ?.9g

PetceDt at t@ teble|atu€ €t!eE6 aril 

at ,90c rh6n slpleDonteil qith 50 abd 

oI feed, res!.ctlvely, the vIJ shor€d 

suplreoebtatioE than !S !,xt]6ts. 

4,2, otd 12 .61 pe!.Ebt 

'100 DA ascolbic acld/86 

better rospoD6e to 

tbaryst6 of vaiiarc€ of tn€ dara hdicat€d tbat 

asorbic scld slenlric€orl, (pLl.o,t) 1) 

or blrds ef,pos€d ," 0"", 

"r."": -;;;" 

""; 

ratioh had srs.lrictur "rr""r. ,"" 

.rrrer6d DoD_sislincdr," 

'*, 

;"; 

6tre6s. Fovever, ";;"'*tatio! 

brsher rever 

", ";;"'at 

-rylov.d shell rhlcknes. 

'€ve'€ of srlpleoronat 

tD rev€rd 

lo* r6ep€rqtrr6 

GLo.o1) be*d errer thqn,"" ;: ;:T:::":::* 

J9'c, B!6ed6 iliffelod ron_danlr$alrly 

I:!oD 

each 

.esard. 

otbe' l! tbis 

c. @@ 

(") 

IEtr{PEttlonE 

Eft*t oJ boat sh6s6 

_ &6 lsctal tmperahs€ 1[ (lrs eA I,SB 

putlet6.esoied to €xpe!:behbat beat ! 

rirh ascorblc ,",. ,,",".J; ;:;""""'aDd *p!teeDted 

::. ::- *"lles.nred in 

rhe dara have ben ";;. doM 1! ""T"::"1::;"::* 

Ta!]e 29. 

It *as observed that lectal te 

rs lulrets declea€€d klrh ,r" ;;;;"*'*"s 

or Nr.E dd 

ioieDi; t@perat r€. the

.- 

E 

9. 

RC 

i I 

3 

A 

F 

3 €". 

1: Rl 1{ 

IE 

? 

Eg 

g 

a;

6 

l:. 

g3 

CB 

oa 

ge 

gF 

!E 4! 

E: 

E; 

I 

3 

a 

a 

a 

f, 

eb 

3 

-d 

98 

88 

-166- 

rectal teoperaruies In M,E and Ls lullets w€!€ 41.J8 end 

41,4roc at aDbteDt teDlorature ot zooc, re4reclivery, ara 

itec&es€it to 41.45 a& 41.6oC at erlleDt t.!d!6!ature o! 21oor 

reslectlvety. I 31$lllcet codelatioB !€tao6! @b1ert 

ienloi8tu!6 ed !@tal t@leraturo was foud lD mg (r.O.S5r") 

dd rs (! = 0.812") pufret€. R€lesslo! earJsis !evea16d 

that !o! each oC decleaBe i! anbtoDt to!€latur€ th6!6 wa6 a 

ileclease of O.O26oC aDd O.Or4oC i! rectal r6!p6.ature of rlH 

dd lSB !!1letsr le4€ctivelt. 

Th6 rectal tMleratureE oi ru,E snd trS lutteto 

ircr€46€d by 0.?6 ed 0.5t '!cent, !e4'ectiv6]7r ar to, tei!€._ 

latue str€ss ln coDlari€o! to cobtel $ben Doadued at ,14tb 

day of tbe exlelinent. {hd rho }1!d6 D6!e 6*!os6d to 4oC 

inrrlt8 dbsequert 6 eeek6, tb6 lrclea* 1r ftctal tee!,e.alure 

{as 2rOA and 1.9' p6!ce!t, tus!6cttvelt! ln ttlg ea !s puuete 

i! conpadsoD to cohtlolr *be! D€asuftil on ihs Jbal dqt of the 

erpeflnebt. The lodt terleraburo ot IlE luU€ts mre bigb6! thd 

that of lsB bleed, Tbe qhlt6 leghorrs Bhod€it a gleater 1nc!ea66 

iD lectal teE!6!atdr6 on eaTo.ur€ to h€at stles6 tbsr !b6t of 

tSB. Statistical analysis o! the data indtcated sigDl$cant 

(P/ O.Ol) 6ffect of heat str.6€ on !€ctat tgq)efatue oJ bifitg. 

Breil diftelenc€s tr€!€ follil to be ElBDlflcalt (plo.ol).

(!) Eflect of 

'he !€sults Bhoqed tbat ascolblc acld supll@€DbatloD 

loeereil ibe r6cta.1 t@!6!atu!€s of m,! dd r,St !uU6t6 u.d6! 

heat st!e6E, aE coryaloit to tho cotrtel. leolblc sslil had 

Aleate! etfect on rectal td!€!atu!6 of tlDE iha! LSB lullete, 

Statlsiicat alalJsis oI the data init1cat6d tbar ascolblc eciil 

sreliflcdtly (!l_o.ol) rowelod r€cta1 tdlelarur€ or ltlrrs 

utrile! b€ai st!es6, B!6€d itijfelooces se!6 

(rlo.01). ctupsli6oD of bee€ lbdrcatod 

fouil to b6 dgltricart 

t[au both t€v6l6 of 

a*orblc acid Elsr|ificerly (pLo.or) lorered r.ctal t€b!6ratu!. 

of pu11et! at ,OoCj hotr6ver, t6ve1s dtlf€led Do!_sig!1rtca.t1y 

fton each otb6r, It ras to!!d that 10$ 1€vet oi ascoftlc acld 

itld lot si6niflc@ttl r€duce lectat teD!6lature of !1rds at 

hlgh teDpelatule €t!66.. Int€racirio! !€tw6en EuDl€neDtal 

level & breed ea6 found to be loD-sigDtllcanr at rm tap6!atu!6 

BlrlesE, {h11e, €lgDiftcaDt int6lactior was o!Eolveil at hlgh 

teDperetule st!es6. Coq,e.i.o! ot 6upptdlentetr leEls rttlin 

€ach !!eed sa. ba{t6 by lxrDce' s ttultipl€ rana€ lest. No!_ 

srgliflca.t dllfd6uc6 }€treen zero arit 50 hg ascorbic aciit 

vas otaelyed in rEJt !!il1€ts.

!. 10 HElt ,1llD !t SSUE IECORATC tcr! 

SlRESs AND @LI,nt{E!IlED ff ffi T$o8ilSr',ricss EEosED 

Avelace ltade as.orlic acld l6ve16 oj {LU ald 

LSB lult€ts €xlosed to €xperlDental beat str6s6 &iI srplt+ 

D€trted qlth ascolbtc aciit bev6 b6eq !!€s€ntod iD rab1. ,. 

Atatistlcal anatygLr of the data hav6 bed Cvq 1D tall€ ,1. 

4tre pladla ascolbic aclil coeertlation 1! yr,E .!d !S 

putlet6 decleased bt 49,6 at\C ,tr.a1!,6eatr loeectlvelr,trh€! 

expo6€d io 10* tsoleratlte stresg fo! A,e€{Er a6 coDla!€it to 

control. The ilecr€ase i! lLasEa ascoftlc sci

33 

afi 

;d 

_{ 

3 

e 

E 

B 

E 

! 

6l- 

I 

dl I P 

""1-ol 

Rl a s Rl X R 

EE 

EE 

J :: 

.1

.: 

s 

.Il 

:i 

i6 

frs 

R.9 

-H 

ot 

i 

I 

a 

a 

3 

I," 

3 

8t 

1*2 

d333 

6-333 

H FHP 

9q66 

-1',71- 

or {rl,s (! = -o.gsa"') ed Lsr (r - _0.9S4..) !trrtsts at Lrsh 

teDperatulo 6tre36. Reg!e66io! analrdg r.v€s.L€il thai advarce- 

bent or a86 was aggoclated vlth d€c!6a€€ of !1ase aEcolb1c 

,acitt by 0.026 ad O.01, !A lelcoDt De! ,e.t t,! ms od LS 

lul1ets, !.Bp6ctlvely, 

(!) Effect oI ascorbic scld dbptenenratj@ 

th€ reslt€ lev6at€d that pla&a &scorblc aclil 

colcebtlatlon oI nLE puttets €reo.€it to to, tapelatr€ stlesB 

lDcloaseil bt 12,40 ald a4.a4 !€!cE!t ,hEn €rrlDleD@ted vith ,O 

ed 1oo D6 ascorbrc aclvKg of fe€d. rhe Ilc!€ass t, !1asa 

ascorbic acld coDceEtlatloD or rlla luuet3 st ,oc ,aB 5!94 ed 

4r.60 !erc6nt, leslecttv€trl slth iO srir rOO !a 6ur,ll€n€niar 

lsva1s. The !S F1let€ sup!13!6!ted *ith 50 alil 1OO E6 adcot'lic 

sciitÂ of feeit shos6it a! ilcroa€€ of 10.61 ald aj.94 !erc6!t 

at low t€nperature and 4,6? an,t 21.14 pelcdt at hi€h t€Dperanu€ 

Etle6s in thel! I)tasoa 16ve16, resl,ectirelr. Itle irprovd€Di 1n 

lragoa asco$lc acld l6v61s ede olselved to !€ higber 1! |[lE 

thaD of iAB luuets. rbe btlils t€il a6co.b1c aciil sulptaeDted 

iD.6ts hsil lorer !1ama ascoglc eclit coDc@tlatio! a6 co@pa!6d 

to the btld8 xealed st tulleDt idlelatu!€ sltioui dtsllD C

-172- 

Stati€tlca] analysls oI the itata fe@al€il thet 

asco$ic acld slpldentatlo! dgriflcdtly (P/_o.01) inlDved 

ptasa adcolbic acld love1s ot lult6ts unite! b€at Etless. 

CoD!.riEor ol !€sns Ildicatoil tbat toth b:!Sh dil 1ot 1evols of 

Euplled6ntatloh had sl6b1fleant 6fl6ct oD !le@q aBcorblc aclit 

concentratlor of pullets. Eorever, $ppl€E€Dta1 16ve1s difie!€d 

nob-sigoi.flcalt1t floE each othei ai ,ooc, di1€ dllte!€nc€E 

bgcane slsr,lflcaDt (pL0.0r) at hl€h tebpolatrEe Bt!€sB, sb€!6 

h18h level le$lteit ln sienillcantty lor€ plas s€colblc qcld 

th€n 1o{ le@l ol dllleDentatloE, Bleoils dliJer€it atgltfica!tly 

(PLo.o r) IloD €ach other. 

(b) lllgle ascolblc acJ d 

lverage a6colblc acld cortent lD kiilDev8j !iv€r, 

a:d adrenal t1sse. of ILE ad I]SB pultet6. 

no €xleliDental h€et 6tless 

.ciil haf€ been pleseDted iD 

of ttre dat6 have be€n Ehovn 

llf€ct of hest stre€s 

bnil d!d@e!t€d wi 

Table t2. arst}€ is 

in l6b1a3 ll and ,4. 

lhs leslts !6@a1ei that aeco$ic acld coDtent lD 

kldDeys! 11ve!, itnod@al dit ailreel t1€su6s of ErH anil LS 

!u116ts ilec!6ased vh€n 6r?osed to beat EtrE6s. Th€ declea.e 1D 

ticse a8corDic aclit contdt s66 ob5e.v€ir to t€ th€ bl8be€t 1.

i 

I't 

5n 

b3 

AS 

-1? 

' 

35 F3 S! Sg 

t€ ". 

88 8$ $8 $6 

+r 

38 

E3 

6drid6n 

Ets EE 'E 

E 

3 

5 8ts 

,i fli 

H E6 

*o 8" 

6t$ 

.3t

'a 

E5 "t 

.fru 

dt 

ts 

I 

c 5 

? 

A 

a 

fl€ 

-'t'14- 

5655 

8ts8s 

88 

6655 

SSPE 

6654 

S38$ 

66X5 

JC 

3g 

I 

81 3 e 

tg e ;,r r 

E!;9!A 

ddi 

.e9 

8 8! 

39I 

6SA

:3 

a9 

Hg 

g,g 

d3 

d 

3 

I 

E 

i 

-11, 

EB" 3 6. 

ia5 !' i.c x 

!9; ; Sb f

-1?6- 

ttre duoilelrue dit td€ lopest tD th6 kid!e.1,6. th€ ireead tD 

llve! a€coluc acld coltelt,a. 61ieht1y ror€! tha! that o! 

duoileDuD but Das hlgher thaD thoEB of tbe ail!6!a1 sld kidDeys. 

Ttre DaB puu.t6 baa bishs tiB6ue ascorblc aclit cort€ot tba! 

lglH, 

tlhsn th. dsta sas q!atyEed statlstlcstty, 1t ras 

!e@a16d that hoat 5t!€5s 61s!1rtcett, (pl_0.01) dec!€as€d 

a3cofi,ic rcld coltoot ot atl 

dlrfelebces ,.r€ fould to b€ 

2. 

fi6 ti6e6s orallleit. B.e€it 

4b6 salts.Ao&it thar ittetsy a€.orblc siat arpDl€_ 

DentatioD ilcleased tlss@ eeolltc acid .ontant 1l m,E ald !S 

pu116ts e*losed to b€ar stu€s€. Tbe naEdur lryloveDslt eas 

obsdved i! th6 duodeoar tie6u6s, ,ouor6d by t1ve., ailr€Dal 

6!tl )

dallflcetlr (pl0.o1) lDlFv€d 11ve!, duoiteDat arir ail!@al 

tt34e aso$1c acld coDtentr ho,€v€r, 1fi 1€r€l ot 6u!pt6_ 

DentetloD dlit lot slAEttlcantl, irylove k1a!r€J| a€corblc eclit 

conteDt. lbe hlgh 16v€t of Euplld.ntaUoD had dgnlricaDtty 

(!L0.01) bett.! offoct o! uv6!, inroar€Dat alil aih@al rl e6u. 

a6colblc aclil coDt€lts tha! Io, t€vet, 8r.€d dlffe!6nc.6 r€!6 

fouDit to !e sigDlflcalt (pl_O,Ol) 1D th16 !es!oct. 

E. CHEIICAI, COIIPOsIEOI{ OF RLOCD 

(a) 

êda86 valu6€ on A1uco6€, chols6t€lolr calciuD ald 

cltllc acld contebt ot blood tD XLE ald !s lultots .. 

elQo8eil to erTorlDeDtel h€at Etlsss hav€ b€! p!€6ent6d 1D 

Isbro ,5. itatlstlcsl ana1r6ls of tbe itara bav6 b€sD 8tv€! 1D 

rabl6 16. 

t h€at rh6sr 

Ibe fesu_tis lDdlcatoO tlat €rposur€ of b1!ds t! lor 

t6Dleratu!€ 6t!es6 lor 2 ,e6ks lncEas€it bl@it Atuco66 1.v.1. 

or tllr ed I/s putlets b, 5,2,1 alit 6.19 !e.cd!r s.spactd!.trl 

aB coDpared to ths coDtrot, ,h€D tLE 6!d LSB putt€ts eor6 sl(po_ 

8ed to. hlgh t6DleratlEe str6ss durlDg subsequ@t 6 ft€k6rblood 

gluco8e lev4_Ls 1!c!oa6ed b, 11,88 a.d 10.62 p€lce.rtr lesp€cuv€tr. 

Statisticel dalrds of th6 atata €hor€at sigdrlcaat (p / O.O1)

: 

€? 

.3^ 

3> 

9 

f,3 

. Bto 

8!tR 

!l€ 

t l& 

Bl. 

g tqr 

6l&' 

-nv 

sq qq ?s qq 

R8 R3 Rp A3 

Eii *g dE "in 

ii !h lb \\ 

cq qq ?q qq 

99 P3 n9 h6 

83 R8 8$ BS 

dii dd de"i't 

EA Eq EA EA 

e 

? 

B 

I 

d

E 

t E3 

fr9 

3.€ 

d& 

gd 

5d 

a 

6 

i 

d 

d 

.| 

- 180- 

iDclease in btooil SlucoEe coDc6.tratto, of luuots 6irlo6cit to 

heat st!e56. Blooil s1uco6€ l.velE D€ie aisnl$cetly(r/_o.0r) 

tligher i! LSB tha! MrE tr,uUets lhen kelt at 4b1€!t t4!€tariue 

dd at ,ooo fo! 2 roet6, hovever, broeds ditt€lBd Do!-d.g!lfl- 

cantly at ,9oc t6D!€ratur6 6r.!osu!e 1n thls !e@ecn. 

It waE olserved tt8t advancibg 3s6 (i!ob 45 to 47 

ueeks) and blooil grucos€ lew€1. ol lllLE ald !$ Du11.t. at ,ooo 

w6!e rot slghlflcantly colr€Lateil. Hoe6vd, advecinB 3a€ ( lroD 

a8 to 53 r€.ks) {as slsllflcutty cor€lateil rltb 61uco6o co!- 

cebtratlon of v/ l (! = 0.972".) anil Ls! (r . 0.969') pntlet. 

erlosed to toc. Re8lessto! salysis r€veafe.I that dtn €ach 

{eelr advabceDent in aee theE ras a.51 ad 0.?1 Ds pe&€Dt 

iDclease i! b1@il CDcose 1.ve1s of {LE ett LS pu11et€, 

2. 

setu cboleEterol 

The 6otu chol€sio.ol levols of filE dil jJSB ldlet. 

incleaEeil bt 4.& 4d 5,21 !6rcentr leslectlvett, she! .)Aossit 

to low teDperature io! 2 weeks. rdth olevation of t€nlelaturg 

to ,9oC duln8 6ulsequent 6 e€6k6r E€tu chotest€lol corcebtla- 

tioh 1!c!ea66d !y ?,?, {td 11.11 porcentr re4ectlv€lr, 1D s6g 

aDd LSB pult€ts a€ corpaloil to th6 contloI. IJS pullets .ho*€it 

highe! 1nc!ea86 in sela chole8telol lev€t Ut& {LE pull.ets.

The lesultE of the studJ' r€vgated tbat h.et st!€BB 

slenlttcaDtlt (p,/ o.O1) hcr6a6eit.s!w chot.Bterot t6a€1s of 

nEE alil ISB luIlets. B!e6d tBfferonc€s ver€ touail to b€ 6i8ot_ 

ticant (p/ o.o1). 

rdvaDctla ase (4€ to 5A xeeks) sa6 .lsnrJlcaDtl, 

cor!61ated elth serud cholestelot tec16 of WrE (! _ O.99r..) 

eil !68 (r . O,9Sr") lnttet6 kept at toc t6rp€!at!r6. R6BreE- 

slon &a1yd.B.hored that sclu choteEteel tov€1. of trUr @d 

LS !u11ets exposeat to hish toDrelablre st e6E lncreas€d by 

1,91 and 2.49 rLg p6rcdrt, reEp€ctivelJ, {1th €ach se6t llcaea€€ 

,. s6!u calclu! 

t[6 advdceeDt 

flcqntlX corleteted sl th 

pullsts reai6d at allloDt 

ealydls !4os€d that €acb 

oJ ase tron at b 53 ro6ks ,as d84_ 

Beru calcluD l6vet or rs (! _ o.?9or) 

teilelature (?2 ro zToc). reslossio! 

see* lDcrea.e of ag€ sa6 a6goclateit 

p€rceDt 1!cea6o ot se!@ carciu! tevel 1D l,68 

It ras o!64veil tLat 10* ljspelatu6 strss lor a pe!_ 

iod oi 2 reols d€clea€od s€lue calc1u!.obcantfqdon of WIJH 

and ISB lulldts !' 8.26 ed 6.e? perc€ot, !€s!€crirert, 1D 

conla!1so! to ttroso of cont&t gftu!, Etevauo. or heat st!e6€ 

t@leratare to ,9oc ilullns eb6equeDt 6 ,eers r€dr1t6it 1!

- r82- 

il€crsase ol €6!ub catciuD t6v61E by 15.11 srxr 12,41 p6!c@t, 

lespecr1ve1y, i! cllq ald !s€ lultets. the flLa dorod gleate! 

roductloD iD EelM cs.Lc1tu tevo1s the LsB luUetE, ,beD bo& 

r€re expodec to leat 5t!es6. th€ d€cFase 1n sduD calclu! 

levelB Gs rould to be 6rat1srica11, dsDiflcalrr (p/ o.o1). 

wrd putlets bad dgDlficetry hleh€! s€ruE calclun levels ths! 

168 at alblent a6 R6t1 as at h:igh6x talexad!€E. 

,rn adv&ceDelr 1! a6c (froD aS b 53 seeks) eas fouDd 

to be 6lenlftcantly colr€Ftoit *1th se!@ cBtch! coDc@tratlo! 

of wH (r = -0.961") lullets subjected ro ,oc teqerarar6. 

IieAr6asloE a.a1y61s Eho,6d tbar Ftth each r6ex 1Dcleass of ag€, 

se&! catclu 16vei of ltlu pu1l,ots d€cleas6d by O.A5 Da !€!cert. 

The restt€ r6v€a1o.1 that llood cltlic acld 16vets ol 

WIrH snd L!!.U6ts i!cx6ased h, 4.?6 aa 1.2? !6rcent, !€sp.c- 

tivelJ, {h€h 6r.rros€d to los t{!6ratur€ 

to rhose or conrlol. ,. lncrea.e ., ,".;;;;,,:,::::i:-. 

oogerved in btood cit$c acld corceni.atlon of llli std !S 

pullets, at high t@!€ratus ex!osu!6 to 

haii hisher brood cir.ic acid r"""r" rr.,;. ::r":";tt"- 

eoalysts or tn6 data reveqted sisriflcalr (pl_0.01) thc!6q6€ 

in llood citdc aclit cobcantlstion dle to beat stre6s. Breed

-187 

itlfier€ncos r€re rouDil to 06 ElEDlflcant (p/J).o1), ^ 

d.eniflcaDt (PZ_0.o1) ht€lactioD letreo srlDlaeltaf 1ov6l snit 

laeeil tas noteit at too. 

! sieDiflcdt olit posit1le coneratioD bet*6€! ag6 

sd blood citric acid 1evel ,a6 Jould 1D w,E (! = O.S?4') al|d 

lsB (r = 0.986'") !u116t€ orlloE€d to ,9oc troB € b 53 "eeks 

of ase. Reeression airaly8lg !€vea16d that lfiUr €ach ue€k 

ilcr€a6e of age blood cttllc acld tevels or nlls ed lsB !,uu6ts 

tDclea6ed by 0.022 aDd 0,0? Dg percentr !.6r'€ctiv61y. 

(b) 

trcrase yalu€6 ot glucoser chotestelltr cstclu ed 

citdc acid h ttooil ot {UI jld IJSB lrUleis expos6il to heat 

Btle6s ed $lpldslt€at pltb aEcolt4c acLd ltare !€en p!€66!t€it 

ln rable t. Ilalyeie ot vadeDc6 ot th6 irata bave b6d doM 

ln 1qb16 ra, 

r. LLood alucoEe 

The eelts loverilsd that aEcolblc .ctd suppleE€!_ 

tatlon at lerel€ of 50 6uil l!9 D&/F6 of t€€it tt@rea@it blooil 

slucose conceDtlatio! ot f,r,U luller€ by t.tt ,6 4.?6 petc.ht 

st tor teniperature dit bJ 4.rr8 and 9.42 lelcetrt at bieb 

ter@elatue stress, lespectlv€ly, aE coDpa!€il to ttros6 ot 

undrllrleDent6d birds. ltood gluco6e 1evet6 of LSB ldt€ts

^{ 

-t 

I 

"op 

9F 

- 1a4- 

88 RC P3 S3 

'8b'B!'e'R kh 

cE E9 E9 g9 

d 

€ 

I 

b 

H 

.9 

.f 

5 

a 

B 

t

B€ 

:h 

Ea. 

t 

fl 

ld, 

U 

.,1 

;l 

3l R 

Ioo 

:.I 

't." 

IR 

3t R 

d 

R 

I 

T 

: 

t 

I t3 

58, 3. Ex 

;ts? :T EE i 

3;,1 3r a3 & 

oi

dec!6ased by 2.?9 ed 4,9 pq.ent at ,ooc 4d b' ,,54 @d 

7.r0 pereeni at toc wben drllleDor€ir dtr! 5o &d €o trslRB 

ol l€edr :es!6ctivelyr tha! tbos€ 1! coDdor s$ups. lt. 

sr€at€! reductlon itue to drllleEeDtatlo!,as touud i! WlI th6! 

StatlEtlcal anatydg o, th€ itata inilicated tbat btooii 

elucose leve]s,ere Ej.s!1fica!r1, (pl_O,o1) ir@Eased b, ascorbtc 

aclit dlll)leb€nlatio!. B$ed dtflele.c€B w€!6 ,ound to b€ 61gnj_ 

flcet (/ o.Ol). Coaladson of D€ds !€vea.Loar tbat botr tsy616 

of 6u!p1@ebtatio! (io and 1oO Ea ascorltc add/Kg of te6ii) 

s1cn1f1c@tly delreso.d bloo,l 6tuco6e concentratioDr homve.l 

highe! level of escorllc acid bad siglltlcdrll boiter etf€ct 

tha! tore! 1€vel or dlpli@eDtatlo, at lof, dd t{Ah t@polatug 

Jt ,as obs€lveil tnat aitvalcd€. t o, aA. feD 4, to 4? 

reeke @B not coFelated ulth lDcreas€ lD blood 6luco6o t€vetc 

ol tLE ed JrS prUtets €upptdglted ,1tt ,o aDd 1oO ts asco$ic 

acid^g of r66d sr low teeperatulo €t!6Fd, Eow€ver, advelcllls 

aae fto! 4a to 5, *€eks ms slgnlficdtt, coFotaieit eitb llood 

slucos€ I€'e1E h mH (! - o.97r,") dd r,sB (!. 0.942.,) 

puucts sepltuelted ilth jo !s aEcolbtc sciar/K6 ol te6it at 

l9oc. !6S!es€1on analyst€ revoal€il that wlth each isek adv{roc@ont

- l8t- 

ol ag€ iheE ra6 a! jlcreae ot 2.{O dil 0,86 Dg !.!cdt ID 

llooil stucoae lovel8 ln m,! 6nd !S !u11ets, le6pect1velt. It 

ra6 fulth€r leveqlod that advaDce@lt iD ae. EoD 4a to 5, 

r6ek3 m3 d.glldcalt1t corElated rtth blooit glucose 1ev61s 

of i{I,F !!11ots (! - -0.994") sumleneDt€d wtth 1oO Dg 

ascolllc acld,/kg oi reeit at ,goo, E€gx€66Lion ala1yd€ iDdlcat€il 

that eith each eeek ailvdc€deDt of ag€ blood glucose teEls of 

BIrfi lultets tlecre&sed by 0.06 Dg percdt, 

2. EestE_!.!91-eE!.9r9! 

ure !€elt6 shoEd that 6etu cbot€sterol 1ev61s of 

r&n pul1etg k€pt at ,oc it€c!6asoil !, ,.41 sld ,.69 peeelt 

when di€ts s.!e sullleo@ted dth 'o drr 1OO &6 ascorblc aqld/ 

I€ ol teeit ib coElsri€oD to coDtrll. It tbe blgb t@p6ratu!6 

Etlea8,derea.e 1D €eru chol.stolol l€ve1. of rLE putlets ,.€ 

1.87 ed 6.95 !€!c6nt rh€! Erplla@rsd drb 'o 

aDd 1oo rg 

aBcorbic aclill8g ot f€€d, !€s!€cttvely. The il€croase 1! sero 

cholesierol coEtelt of r,6A prillots Eq)pl€ldn.d *rth 50 ald 1OO 

Ds ascorblc ac1vr8 or red,a6 4.1? lelcoar at ,ooc &d ,es 

t.5t ana 8,7j pelcent, r6s!@1,1v61, ar ,9oC ts!€lature €xpodu.6, 

8€!u chorest6lo1 coDteot dec!6as6d at a higb€! lat€ tD I,SB tb& 

qneD date r€le $!j6cted to statiEtlcal dalysis, 1t

- 18& 

Ba6 fouxd that qs4o!b1c acld suppl€DsltatioD dg!Mca!t1t 

(Pl_0.o1) decreasd 66!@ cholo.t€rot loverE of pultetg 

erpoEed to heat st!e6s. Co@ad.oD of !6e6 lDdlcet.d ttat 

both t@ ard btgb 16!e16 o! €ullt€oeotatioD bad disltticet 

effect on setu cholestelo] 1ev61€ of b1!d6. It sa6 observed 

that 16ve1s ot awpl@€ntaiion (5o ed 100 ig asco$ic acld^s) 

dlfieleil DoFsignlflcaDtly fto! 6ach otb€! st 1os toperat re 

stres8, hoi€ve!, hlghE! 1evoI of a6coruc acld bsd Eigliltcdtly 

(!L0,0'1) sreater .ff€ct ar coDlded t lor levd ot snlp1deG 

tatlon at bigh teDp€lahle st!es6, B!66iI itlffe!@ces r{€ found 

to be d'dficat (pl_o.oi) lD th:t6 !6spect. 

The ledlta reveel€at thai ,1tb advaElD8 as€ fer 45 

to 47 {ee,(s, s€Iu cholgstelot contolt 1!cfa6en i! m,E dd LSB 

luUets €yloseit io ,OoC sh6D srpll€n@tsar drn a6co!b1c actd. 

Eorever, a66 a.a selru chol€st€lol 16v€16 r€!6 Dot conelat€d. 

Sienlficart logitiv€ co!!€latlon was found lerweeD airreciqs 

ase (f!on 4€ to 5, {e€}6) sd chol€Et€rol lerers of r r(eo.91'" 

dd l,sr(! =0t99'tlu11etB 6up!1€r!6!t€d with 5o Ds asco$ic actil/ 

K6 ol leed at ,oc. regrosslor anatlslE levealed that Flrb €ach 

roek l.creas€ ol ag6 s€!@ chol.st€lot coDtet ot rLU srr lS 

pullets lncreasoil bt 2.89 sl ,.a, ry pelcert, respectivelr. 

tilvtucenat i! as6 (froD a? to 52 *€ek6) anir 6stu chorestesl

-18P- 

1evelB eere a1.o €lsnlflcantly collelat€d rrj r/r,E (! = 0.9a9") 

dd LsB /r. 0.929'*) puUetg .utptd6 r€d drth 1oo Da 4scolblc 

actil^s oi f€€d at hrgh talefatu!€ stfess. Each w€€k 1nc!ea66 

ol age rar also ob8€lv€d to !6 aEsclat€it wtih lncreaeB oI 

o.@ and 1,a1 DB !erc6!t 1n 66!ue chot€st€rol lev6l t! UrH anit 

l,S pulteLs, !6E ectlvslt. 

,. s6!w calgllg 

Ihe 86tu calcluD levete of UIE pultsts sxposeil to 

1o* tery)eratule srless for 2 w€ek6 1!D!ov6d by 6.22 ard ?,o, 

perce,t phe! sullleo6Dtsit !4th 

'o &d 1OO uA a6colbic aclitê 

ol leeil, reslecttveltr e6 corpaleit to ths coDtrol aroup. lt 

slevateil teDperarur.e of ,oC du!1Ds subs€quent 6 x€ek6, tb6 

1rlroveoent lD se&o cetcluE cont€nt o, IIjH pullets tras 2.o5 

dd 12.79 perceDt shen 6u!)t@€nt€d vrlth ,O arit 1OO rg ascolbic 

scid/Ee oi leed! resp€ctiv6iy. Th€ tDprovd€Dt 1D s6!u! csr.lun 

1ev€l ol lS! lullei:s epll€b€Dt€d with 90 and 1OO Eg a6colbic 

dcld/ts ras ,.$ ad ,,62 pelcahr at ls leelorarurs and ,.8a 

dd 10,16 lsrcont at hteh t€lloratare 6t!6!6, !66pecttvety. 

Statl.tlca1 snstyd,6 of the ilara rndicatoit that 

ascor.ric actd suplren€ntatlon gignlflcantl, (rl_0,01) lDlfovea 

semD calclun 1€v61s ol 

stless. !otn lev€16 ol 

lbcreased €elM calciu! 

WUI snil !S luu€ts €:.pos€d to heat 

3upr,1€D6ntar1o! Bl8E1ricaltlJ (p/ o.o1) 

contant at 1ou t€mlslatur. stf,sss ad

-190- 

1eve16 dlIfe.eil non-slgliflcantty I!o! eacr othe!. Eosevelj 

1os tevol or ascorblc aciit iUiI lot d.AtlficaDtlJ, tq)rov6 .e&i 

calcluD .oncotratlon o, !ird6 expoB€d to ,oC. !!e€d drtq_ 

en.es {€re fouDd to be 6iS!ificsbt (pLo.o?). 

ritn advarceoent or age tsd 4, to 42 we6k6r E€tu 

calctun 1€vets in wut dd !S lufl€ts t elt at ,ooc dec.ea6€d 

*her €uppteDe.t.d wlth a$:orbic aclat. Tne ag6 a!i! se!@ calcluD 

levels wele iound to b€ 6igntflceity co*erareit 1, r,sB(r._,..Oo,, 

sd aftr (i - -0.999') putrar6. RealessloD anarrds dor€d that 

with each week advanc€DeD t 1! aAe sorrD carcluE tgret€ of ISB 

ed &E !'uUets d6creased by O.1O aDd o.r25 Dg pelcelt xh€! 

sppl@€ntod plrh io ald 1oO Ds asco.blc aclv(g of fe6d, r€* 

pectlvely. llltb erlvanc@ebt o, aae fto! 4u to 5, r6eks, seru! 

calcluh coDcobtration oi nt,8 $rit LgB pult€ts it6crEa€ed,hd 

Eupllenont.d ldth t Ds ascolb4c aclvxg of te6tt at btgh tape- 

ratEe Btrsss. Ib€ eg6 6!d solriD calciu! .!€@1€ sare touDd to 

be slerlttcabtt, correlated 1n unu 1o - _9.979.; "ea r,5l 

(r. -o,q?a") putl€t6. R6ar€ssiob ealJ6ls tbdlcated bhat f,ibh 

€ach reek adv@cd€lt of dAej the.e uaE d6cr6as6 of 66ru! 

calctuD l6ve1s b, 0.44 dd o.12 re p€!c@!, !6sp€c1dvefy. 

Slebl rrcsDr snd !ositlre co!!6lebion (. . 0.9i, ) bei,qe4 

advtueihs age ald s€lu calcluD lev61 of r_s luu€ts eas

_191- 

ob6€lveil rhe! EuplleDeDted rlth 1OO !g esco$tc aciil^6 o, 

ieed at ,9oc. frith each ee€k lncreas€ ot as6 E€ru calclun 

revel in la3 lutrots tbc*s3eil by o.06, n6 gerce!. 

4. Blood cltric acid 

lscorblc aciit suppl@entatl;D at low r@p€!atu!€ 

etreE6 decleaged blooil cit!-Lc acld 15re1s 1n !l&H Ilullets by 

2,69 4d t.?O !€fcautj resle4tlre1t, as coDpar€d to the coDtlsl. 

S1011arly decleag€ ot 2.76 @d, A,2) 

blood citltc acld coDceltlatlon ot 

elth to ud 100 os ascoftic acld/& 

Percelt ras obgelred 1D 

Wfi p{l1€is sppleneDt€d 

of f€6d !€4)etivo1t, at 

htgh t@pefature stres6. t$e bt ood citdc aclat coqc@tfatloD o, 

L$ !ul1ei:s supll€@elijed with 50 and 1OO DA aecorblc acld,4{g 

of feed tlecleas6d bt 1.26 qnd t,Z? p'tc.Dt a! ,OoC ald by ,.24 

dd 9.o, percoltr !6s[Fcttve-rj, at tos. rhli6 r,€Blroe !u],rots 

shoqed a hi gher dec!6ase in !1ood citltc actd tevels thaD lSB 

bi!d6 Fheb 6u!!1€Eent6d at top tonleratue €t!68s, hoe€ver, 

lleeds behaved lDv€rsett at ,9oC. !1ood citr1. acid t€ver €s 

hlghe. iD lSB thaD qlJ{ put1et6. leoltnc acltt .W!t@e!t6il 

lull€ts hait s!€ate! conc@tratioD ot b1@it cttllc acld und€r 

h6at st!€ss thd that ol btrds k€pt at @!1€!t tebleratule6. 

Statlstlcal aDallsl6 of the deta iDalicateil tbat ascollic acld 

€lgnificaDrly (pl_0,01) reduceil blood ciidc eilit revel of

i.il6 uDiter coriliuoDs of heat st!es6. c6q,a!1e! of !€es 

ildlcated that both t.vets ot ascolbtc aclit signliLcaDtly 

(!Z-o'ol) realuced blooil clrxtc acid coftetlatdon, bop€verl 

hish le!e1 of suppleD€DterioD hail d.Bntr1caDrly (pl_o.o,) 

a!6at€i effeci than 

'o ng agcoglc acld,/(g of ,€eit. Ib€ !r66d 

ilirrerelc€6 e€re olselv€d ro !6 ElsnrrlcaDt (pz:0.01). 

It,q6 lorealoil ,hn the r6sultg that ailvelc€@oDt 

ol 8ae (ftoD 45 ro 47 seetis) qas Dot dcnlftcalt1y co!!€Ist€d 

tith blood cltltc aciit levels of m.H ald LS putt€ts su!!l@6[ted 

qdth a6corbic acld at ,oc. Ho,ev€!, srAllftcaDt colrelatioD 

betwoen ase (q6-5, weeks) and blooir clt tc raciil , ,a6 tould 1n 

ria,F (! = c,9?st*) and 16! lr _ 0.922*.) puttets 6uppl@6!t6d 

tr1th :jO hg ascolblc ac1it,4ig ot te6d at [iEf! teDlelahr.e str€ss. 

Regr€36ioh aDaltsts sbowod that Nr4th 6aca seek ailvahc@nt t! 

aae rher6 Faa 1Dcr6as6 of o.OlZ anil O.o2l Dg !e!ce!t 1! btoo.t 

.itrlc acid rovers of wlH &!d tS pull6ts, .6s!ecHv€lr, 

AdvaDcing sge fro! 4A to 5, reeks Es al5o 61€tl1rlceltly 

coxrerat6d (. = o.99r..) rith !1ood ctnhc aciil levet of tsB 

lullets 6upplaerted,tth 1@ De ascorblc scivfg ol feed at 

,9oc. Reelessio! ara1ys16 shoeed trat €aca ,eek arrvarcd6rt 

u ag€ wa8 assoclat€d Flth iDc!6ase oi btood cltrlc sciil terel 

by o.0lJ ng leNent 1! LsB lul1.ts,

F. UADIIT(TL IEIC1IJ SIUDIDS 

- "9' 

( a) ElIBct of hear FrE!! 

Av€rago values of r5d llood c.11 coultr haeDogloblD 

coDt@tt erytlroctte 6edlEeltatlou late s.il lackeir c611 Dtu€ 

of IEH eld !S! !u11et6 !€qed at ubieDt and €:Aorib€otqt h€at 

6t!es6 baa6 b6.n lr€seDteil I! ,Iabts t. 6t6jd.ttcal datrslB ot 

th6 itar,a hav6 bod dom 1! fabtE rO. 

eit ltood cetl c 

Fed blood c€11 coultg of mE dd !S ldlets d€c!6ag€d 

b! 7.12 aad 5.lO !e!ceni, r.spectiv6ty, ,b€! €*I)oB€il io h€at 

6t!e6s at ,ooc for 2 s€eks. vh6E taperatu!€ *as lais€d to toc 

du!1n6 dbsequ€nt 5 n€eks tne decrease in RBc couDt of x&g and 

I]SB lu1lets Ras 11,11 @d 9.5e lorcelt, leep€ctiv6ly. the il€.r€ase 

lD erJttrloctte couDts was louDd to be bigt!! i! W,E i,hd tlat ot 

!S !ul1ets. nro LSB had Elghe! RBC cout6 thcb {LU prttEtg ai 

anblelt as w€lI a6 heat st!€Es t@p€!atu!6s. gtatlsticat datrstg 

of the data revealed ibar h(et st!e66 sraaiticaltty (pAo.ol) 

decr€ased ABC couDts. Bree

BP 

od 

?.E 

€ 

6d 

/6 

,1, 

t 

R 

it 

I 

ts Rs R3 3,8 

Nh 

8p s,g R3 38 

R; 

s3 BR 39 88 

{s 

8+ sS PR 3R 

h: 

q9 q9 qa tse 

E; EE E5 E5 

35 

€ 3 €d 

J 

qq

9 

6 

ts 

B 

B 

-sl 

$ 

B 

$ 

83 

B 

B 

I 

9tr 

9g 

lt .9 

,Se 

dg 

s3

-1.F- 

and tlc counrs laB obselve.r in Nr,H (! = -0.969*) and Is! 

(r = -o,8to') lut1ets. 

2, haeooAlobia coht€nt 

gire lesufts hdicated that haenoglobia cont€nt of Y'!lt 

&d IrsB pulletF declealert bj 7.64 sd 5.50 !e!cent, le6!€cttvery, 

uhen exlloaed to rov reolexatule st!e6r. ttth etovatlon of tape- 

.atule to lgoC dulttre sDlsequent 5 veekE, riD conrent d6creased 

by 12.50 ed 9.9a p6rc.nt 1n yrJH dd !S! IDlters, !€slect1vely. 

LJB !ut1et6 had higher Eb coniant thah v t b!6en, gest stlesd 

caueed greater leduction in IO cotrient in tal]H !u11et6 tba that 

ln I,s!. the decreale in Iib level va! founit to !e Etatt6ticatly 

6Isnificdt ( PLo.or ). 

5r'eed8 dltfeled Blgnlficantty (!LO,OI) rxon each othe! 

ia thi8 re6!ect. Interection! tet{eer tsDperetLre r bleed !ie!e 

fouhd to br stgnilicdt (PLO.01). ! stsbrficdL corr€lat]on 

betreen advanche ase (4a io 5, rcer!) sd {b cotrr€ni va6 louhd 

ln rr,ri (! = -0.9?t**) and Il! (! = -0.9?41*) lurtet6 exrDsed ro 

,9oC. RegIessioE aalysis lerealed that rttb oach {eek atlvancnert 

tn age Hb coutent dec.e€Bed by 0.017 anrl 0.057 gD lelcent llr LlJH 

atrd LS! puU:t3, respectivefy. 

1. 

lbe reBulto indicated that elythlocyte sedtneniation 

rate lncleaaed 1n mrH ad Is! lulletB by 14.58 sd ll.?6 !e!cent,

- 197_ 

r$pectlvrly,vhen eilDsed ;o Io, temperature .tlesB f,o! 2 ,eekB. 

the 1nc!ea6e in IS|R va€ fonnn b be 21,A2 dd 1S.?5 !e!cent, 

r4lect1vely, itr fIJIt &d r'58 pultetE kepx at biah teDlelatule 

.streEa fo! 6 veeks, the decraaso va! ereate! th lrllE !u11€t! thd 

th lSB. lii3ha valueE ol xSR ,e.e tound in ISB than that h lI,U 

breed. Statistica.l 4afJBis ct the data leve€ted signlflcar 

(rL0,O1) inc!ea!6 1n ESR of b!!d6 exlosed to hear ehess. Beeds 

diffelqd siaDlficdtly (plo.o1) rlon each other at looc, horever, 

dlfference6 becae non-sieniftcaht at ,9oC. 

The re€u1b hdicdied that adadceEent ot aSe froD 45 

io 47 heekB ya6 not giCnificdtly couetate.t yith Eif, in flfi ad 

I€B pu11et6 at lov tenperature stress. Hoveve!, e1gnif1c6[t and 

posltlv€ collelarlon betveen aee (r!oD 48 to 5l ieek6) ed 

serli'entatiotr rate ra! obGaved in l{Lfi (r - 0.991**) ald ls! 

(r - 0.e66') lultets at lgoc temlelarure. Reglession ana.l}€iB *aB 

lelIolDed uhich show€d that uith eacb ,eek adracdeht of 

ase xsR incresed by o.lo9 aLd 0.049 m/hou! ln ras and !s! 

!u11ete, lespectiaety. 

4. Peked celt vol@e 

lhe reeult3 lnd-|cated that packed cell. volune docreased 

by 11.11 and 7.94 percent, leelectjvely, tn $LE dd IE! luttets 

vhen eiposed io Lov tenleratule stless. yhen heat stleds

-19a- 

ttuI)elatule {a! incr€aBed to ,9oc for subsequent 5 weekE, 

decrea€e of 11.46 and 12,90 lercent, reelecttvely 1n I{V of 

I{I,H 

and Ul! lullets ya! obsed.d a€ coopsed to the cont!o!, 

IlsB b1r& h6d hlgher haeoatocrlt than rI,H 

anbient .l {e1l as heat Btiess reElelatules 

cel1 volue !a found ln VlH Lns- 

statlBtical ea1ys13 of the d6ta sho{ed that 

flletly decresed I{V ol wLIt dd t,sA l,ut-tets, Broede dlffeled 

s.ien.ificanrly (tl.o.0l) floo eEcb orhe!. 

(b) lgect ol aacorbic acid Eurpl€ndt4tlon 

1. Red blood cel1 count 

lhe le8utt€ Bho{ed that 6sco!b1c acld eup!1eo€liatlotr 

at the rate of 50 dd 100 nglr8 oi feed, Ielroved 

counte by 5.90 and 6.51 lercent, re€lectivety,ln 

subjectFd to lou tFn!e!.Lure stleBs for 2 Leek€, 

heat atre6E 61gni- 

lverage values oi .ed Uooit cetl cout, hadoAlobln 

content, eiythoc,-te gedin€rtation late ard packed cett votuoe 

ot {ng ad LSr lu1tet8 exposed to heat siress &il sullledaied 

wlth aEcolbic acld have been lre8enteit i! Tabte 41. Siailstlcal 

aia1ys16 of the data have been Siver in lable 42. 

tas 1,r5 a^d 9.9, pelcent rtr t{!g pullet€ ,hen su!!1aent.d ,ith 

llul 

50 @d 100 ng a6corblc acid/rg, lespectiaely. IS! puu€t€

99 

€ 

6^ 

R 

P 

g 

€ 

E 

B 

"6 

8 

R 

9q i\ 9q qq 

mao.6++ 

:;3;E PR RR 

@o 6h ah 

'r'r h's hh'a's 

.id d;i !i ,^ th 

XP R: R,R S9 

3'+ 

"s "e t"e "s, "t 8 p 

++ RR' 

s3 a4 3e 83 

5E 

e 

€-s 

-19- 

6 

68 

*R 

EE 5E 

;a 

'; 

6 

'c 

d 

s 

a 

i E 

5 

a 

E 

3

PqE 

bb 

.i l, 

\ 

\ 

!'l qPEor !q PEd 

8 

I 

3 

O D FO 

5 

s 

P 

6 

s 

q 

B 

B 

s 

$ 

B 

t3 

e 

: 

E 

t 

E 

"d 

fi 

t s. 

e8

sublected io heat stle6s sho,6d rnlEovenenr D Rlo counts by 

t.A1 &d 4.79 p€lcert whd 6ulpl6oqted vlrh 50 Ee ascoll1c 

acld ad by 2,41 sd 7.A2 lerceht lheh orDpl€D€lt€d *ith jOO ng 

a€corblc acid/r€ of Jeed. tscolhic acld BuppteEentation hsd 

betta €ftect on erytblocyte counlE th l{LE thd jn IllB lul1eig. 

Statlstlcal dalyuls ot th€ data reve€red rhat a€colbic 

acid supp.enenrarion 6tgnifjcarl.ty (llo.o1) lrlmved Rlc counrs 

ol bird6 Bubjectod to h6ar etr€es. qonld16oh of deals tldlcated 

that both leaels of €uppttuertation had 6lsnitlcer (?Lo.O1) 

erf6c on erJ Lhrocyle cour of luttets ude! condrtloE of beat 

6tre8s. It ra! lounit tbai 14ve1s ot aBcolbrc acid tleainat 

dlfle.ed non-slsnlficsrltly flom eah ottrer at 1ov tehlelarule 

6tleaa, ho{eyet, difference bet{een levelE becee 6lgntficant 

at 39"c, Slshificant (plo.0t) bleed dlff€lences {e!€ ob€elved. 

ldvaneeDeht ol sge floD 4S io 5, u€eks rd Eignlfl- 

catty colletateit wiih RI|C counts of llIIJi (! - -o.99ri*) ald ISB 

(r=-o,gtl**) lu1lets give! 6dd$ioaa! ascorblc a.id viz, 50 oA/ 

{g of feed, at t9oc. Reelesslon eall€ls bdlcar€d rhat yith 

6ach veek aardcenert of e€6 erytbrocyte counts declesed by 

O,02 and 0.019 dlltions/orl 1n lll!t snd ISB lurletB,.es!ocilvely, 

A eigiitlcet corleIatlon (r = -o.get**) of advacing aAe sir 

RlC count ra6 obselved in Vr,l breed suplleD€trted eilh 1OO dg

-7)2- 

decreaae ot RBc couts in ILH lultets. 

2. Haeno4loblr1 content 

feed. Rese38ion anal}€js shored tbal eacb 

age d as6oclaLe.I *.Lth o.oos Dtrtron6/Del 

It ysa obse.ved that haeoogloljd coutent of \{IjE 

lultets erlosed tc 10{ tenpelatule BtleEE for 2 peok6 lmproved 

by 6.5? and 7.16 lelceht wh,u Eulpleoented dth 50 ard 100 ng 

e8colblc actd/lG of l6ed. Ihe^ \iLH pulletr kept at blsh tdpe- 

rature 3tre35 re.e led iltet€ Buppleoented vith 50 antt 100 ne 

alcolbic a.ld/rg of f.ed, inlroverent ln gb cont€nt @B 7.59 

ed 10.72 pelcent, feElectiveiy, tbe lnl)rovebeDt i! Iib cobtai 

ol ISB luuets at ,OoC uhen sullladierl lith 50 dd 1oO Dg 

ascolbic actdlr€ rs 5.21 drl t.,to lelcent dd 2.85 and 9.r, 

pelcent at l9o0. Gleate! lolrorebent ia6 lounat h {LB tban 1n 

lSB bleed, {h11e, htgher haeFoglobln 1eve16 rcle ob€elled in ISE. 

!e8!ite 1[lloveoent, aacolbtc acld 6u!!leoert€4 puUet€ bad lorer 

ilb contert tha tho6e leded at aDblent teoDefatu!€. Siatisticsl 

4alJ€is o{ tbe data revealed that aaeolblc acld Bigniflcantly 

(?L0.01) incre.add Eb tevet of bi!d6 ud€! heai Eire6s. coopdl- 

8oh ot neds tndicaied that both levele oJ 6uDDleoentailon had 

slAoll.tcsli (!Lo.01) ef{@i on haMoeLobin content. fon- 

slgaificant diiference yaa noted betveen lerels ol ascorblc acld

et tov tenperatufe, vbue i,lghe! terel of ascorbic 6c1d gave 

slsnificatly (!L0.01) bett€! lnllovebeht thar tow tevel of 

a6colbtc ac id ar hjAh tenlelaLule 6treB6. BEe€d dttf€!6trc€6 

rere found to be sisr.iflca,t (pl:o.ot). 

TDUe!a.tiono beL,een suppleEeoLal level bre€d ,e!e 

found to be Bisniflc&r (rL0.01) ar 1ov ed hlsh xeElelatule 

etleaa. Non-aignillcant dlffalence betves brgh dd to, t6vet6 

of eE.ofblc acid €uplt€oenlatlon wa6 obsdved 1n IsB lutt€tB 

at 1ov tedlelatule st es6. 

The re8utta shoeed that vtth advancddt oi age t oo 

45 to 4? reek6, !b content dec!6a€€d in rtE dd rAB puU€ts,ha 

€Wpl9nentod rittr alcorbic ajld sd kelt at f(oc teo!e!atu!€. 

Howev€!, no corleratlon exletod betvoen age aid Hb cont6nt, 

Advanceo€nt of age froo 48 to 5, ve€k6 ras sig4iflcallt]y 

collelated uith Hb contoht rn ulll (! - -0.994**) dd ra! 

(! = -0.9s2**) puUets Eu!!l €tr€nt€d yith 5o trs 4corblc acld/tg 

of feed at 19oC, R€g.eBB1o! rulat}€is reveatdl tbai rtth esch 

,eek advercenot in age there uas decleaEe of 0.021 and 0.025 

gn lelcent 1n !b contents th lIIrfi snd IsB lD11ets, re.!.cttvely, 

AdvecinA age troo 4a to 5l ve6k6 raE atso stgntficantly 

co!!€lated (! = -0.96**) rlth Hb conrent€ or diri !ur16t€ suppte_ 

Dented rlth 100 ns dcorblc acld/r,g ot Jeed at ,9oC. iegression

-204_ 

dalysi6 elo,ed that each *e!k adv€hcenst of sg6 {s aBsoclated 

uith a decxedo ot 0.025 gq nelc€ai tn Itb coDtent jn {IJH luttct€. 

3. 

fhe re8utt€ indlcat€d that 

lov teqlelatule Etless for 2 {e€kE, 

rlI,U !u1161€ eubjocted to 

ehoved d6cress6 of 10.42 and 

12.50 lercdt in erythlocyte sedhentailon rare (BSR) ahen 

gulllenehted !1th 50 dd 1oo og dcolblc ecld/rs of f6ed, res_ 

pectively, jDcorbic acld sullleoentatloh at 1eve16 of 50 ed 1oo 

oelf,g dereased FtR in {!! pullet€ bI 5.16 sd 15.16 peeent, 

rdp.ctreely, aL ,9oC. The decrease tn lSR iD LSa IruttFts at 

lor aad high toDlreratuls stle€s *as ?.84 sit j.l6 pelcent.vhd 

BullleDdted vith 50 oa ad 9,eo ad 14.29 percdt on suppt@d_ 

tation with tOO dA a6colbic actd/tg ot f6ed tha that o, coht61. 

The ereete! reductlon d foud ln tltA ot ialll tne of I|93 bl66il. 

IJJa.lIlu! S1lv€! Brack6 had hlAh€! sedidentatlon late the VlE 

gtatisticEl analysi| of the data ,evealed that sBcolblc 

actd sisnificdty (pLo,O1) decleaE6d lSR of b1.rrs unde! bear 

3he63. CoDpdison oi mears ln.Ucated slgnlflcat effeci of both 

the snllreEebtal tevet6. At ,OoC, dlffelences oeweed suplleenial 

leaels vere hon-gigntficdt, lovev6!, at ,9oC hlAher tevel of

dcorbic acld had sieDiricarily (rlo.o1) sreare. €ffect idd 

fo, levet. Breeds diffeled Branlflc&try (rlo.ol) floo each 

olher at 1ov tenperatlle, hor.ve!, br66rl iliffe!€nco becde tron- 

si$itic&t at hjgh renppcarr,e stless. 

rt var obd€ryed th.t advece€a! or age floo 45 to 4? 

,eer€ uaa ..ot corelated vllh xstR tn rlE dd isD puuets sup!,le- 

nenied xlth 50 &d 1oO DA sqolblc actd/xs of tee.t at lOoC. 

Eo,eve!, sdvdclng aee (4s to 5J v€eksl vd sl8nlficantty corle- 

lated {1th lsR 1lt taH (r = o.gss**) ad r,sB (! - 0.909*) puuet€ 

Eupplementen wtth 50 Dg a6co!b1c eidê of feed at l9oc. 

Reglessio! &a.IJsis shoeed that vtth eaca reek adveceoeni 1! 

aee, 6R ln {L}t dd Lss puller€ hcleased by O.O9 sd 0.049 

nmlhou!, reslectivery. Slsnlflcst corlrailon (r = o.eZS*) or 

aee (4E-to 53 leeks) @d xsR ra! at6o ooselved u WB pulrere 

suppletrehted {rth 1OO og aBcolbic &idlEg of feed at hlgh 

tdperatule stless. tegresgion enalJsis ghowed tbat each veek 

advacemont :r age ,aB ssociated kltd i-crede of ASR by 

P4ked cell volune 

ffcorblc &irr surulen€nrarioD under beat stfe6s(rouc) 

lacked celr voluoe in trfir dd IItr lutlets, hoiever, the 

fou:d to be €iatl€td,jaUy tun_sierdtlcet. lhe inprovenent

-206- 

ln PCV b ftH ad riB lultet€ at 39oC rd 4.25 dd 2.?o pelc4t 

vhen 8ulllenented vith 50 bg dd j1.?6 @d 1O.OO pelc€nt on 

eulllementatlo4 vlth 1OO ng a€colbic acld/tig of feed,leslectlvely 

5. coolded to the cont!.r. the p&ked ceu voh4e ea3 high€! in 

LSa lu11et3, vhit€, eleater leplove&dt va! €lbE by {UI putt6t€, 

The i@lloveoent ras fourd to be statlstlcaUy sledficant 

(ll_o.05). I/ov level of dcolbic ecid did, no! srEnlllcartty 

increaBe pcv of bhdE kelt at t9oc. Eoueve!, Dle€d dlffexencee 

tele iould to be signltlcdrt (rl:o.ot) at l.l, and high teopela_ 

lhe !6u1t€ lereated that adv&ceDenr o, sge ffoo 45 

to 47 rceks was not coflel.ated rlth dec!ea!6 j! lcty of l{LH dd 

ls! pul]er6 eupoteodred x.!h aBcoroic acio at .rou u-@peratufe 

atress. Horeve,, slgnillcdt colretation Derveen sdvdclns ag6 

(r"ob 45 to 5a veeks) and lcr vas obs€ded ln ,,r,r (! = -0.s94*) 

ed fftB (r - -o.9A9**) pu11et6 6ulltenentd ulth 50 es scolblc 

acid/f,g 01 ieed at ,9oC. Rearession araltsig levesled tbat dth 

each ve€k advancenent th ase I'Cv decleaEea Dy o.4O @d O.A1 

!€!cet in lflrg dd IS! lultets, leEpellveryi t.lvdcing age 

(f!oo 48 to 5l ye€k!) *as atso slsnificerry cor€lateil 

(! - 0.908') vitb poy .tn l{IrE luitets suplt@ented ,ith tOO !g 

dcorbic e.id/f,e of feed at hieb teopelatule 6r!ess. Regles6lon

-u- 

analFl8 Bbohed tbat ,ith each v6ek sdveceo6Dt in as€ th€ro ,a! 

d4.ea!e in ICI by 0,16 pelcent i! ILE plrttet€ sulpreo.nted dth 

1OO !a dcorbic acid/rg of reed. 

!lLas8_III 

tn th16 lhase effect of ascorblc acld suldedentatto! 

on lroductlve and lhtEiotoeice] behaeiou! of lflrs and Ij!t! !ut1et6 

&e!t at htgh environo€nts.1 teo!6ratules dullhg 6u@er 6e6on ,a! 

6tudied. the study irvorved 50 lu1let6 (2? he6kB-o1

-zu- 

T3b1€ 41. Av€raa6, €gg produotlo!r f6€it coDdDptloD, teeit 

cobverd.oD ratlo ala lodJ rolgbt€ of Ddi€tB 

6vDoEeit-to b16h arbj€!r t€up6lature6 (r1_4tc) 

@o d!p.t@e ied qt th agco!}lc a.td. 

E6s.foauctroD mfi 

tion (s!) 

ruff *"ot 

tsB 

Ascorbtc acid ngfiA 

o F 1@ 

24.'o4 

2r.oo" 

{I,a 7544.004 

t8 ??z?.?t" 

ws z,?r" 

!68 4.044 

EII 146.9114 

lg t 55e. eaa 

za.oob 

26. rb 

eztt.oob 

e,,5t.oob 

t.52- 

t,a4- 

1459,57" 

rc$,o] 

I€€ls.r4th.illll€.ent {p€f€crtpt ir e !o, iDiUcate 

t7,9" 

,5.@c 

9?85.0O' 

totot.ooc 

,,11' 

,.tc 

1t12,4f 

16t ,4ob

d3 

F- 

i 

a 

g 

3 

q'€ 

33 

NUxt) 

th 

>e99 

-209- 

EES 

R3S9 

3$A& N@ 

93 

d\ 

90 !- 

dio O A 

f8g f 8g 2 

34,9 3 4.3 fi 

{ 

g3 

!+n 

in;

-zao- 

1nlfovenFnt 1n egg lloductlon tll l,r.IJlt and fft! pultetE vaE 12,50 

ad 1r.2r !6!c€nt rlth 50 na 6rd 14.57 6llA i5.75 percent vith 

100 hg aa.orblc acld !o! tig of feed r!e6!ec t lve1yr a! conlaled to 

the control. A eleat€! iolfoaeDent b e8g lloductlon vaE obselved 

In lSB tLah ln WIJH !ul1ets. tb€ Vhtte LeAho$6 Ia1d dole eggs as 

coolaled to ISB. gtatlstlcal analy61E ot the data lndicatred tb.at 

loplov€nent tn ogg lloducilor ee6 aianillcet (!LO,O1). Coopalr- 

8on ol rees Ehored that both lor (50 og/r€ of t6ed) dd Ltah 

(1OO n&/k ol feed) r€vol8 o! suppteo@latiou lignlttcatly 

(?L0,01) loproved eaa lloductlon. Houeve!, hlsb levet had 6ig4i- 

licantrl (?L0,01) better eff€ct thar lor levet ot Buppleuentatior. 

lleed difference3 {ere at€o found to }e slsDittcant (?Lo.o5). 

2. leed consupptlor. 

4he !e8utt. feve&r-ed that ascolblc a.id sulllerentation 

inploved feed coneuoltlon .! bt!d6 lesed ude! hlgh elvllomental 

tenperatu!€6. It ,a found thet uJg t'uu€t6 consuled 6.91 ed 

21.49 percent 0016 leed vh.n 6up!1€D€!ted rlth 50 ad 1OO Dg 

ascorblc acldlrg of !eed, .e6pectively, a€ coopa!€d ro contlol 

g&u!, Ihe tDllovenent 1n ieed lntake by I'sB putlets 1l1 coopsrlEor 

to cohtrol raa 8.69 sd 2r.50 lercdt, leslectlvely whs sulpte- 

Dented lIth 50 and 100 6g ascolbic actd/Eg of feed. LSD lutLets 

con8uoed oole teed a1d Bhorod great6! 1o!!oven6nt ii t€€d

- 211- 

{LH. uhen daLa ve.e dal'€ed 6taLtslica-Lty, 

lt revea.led tbat a6colbic a.1d 6ulpldentailo. olAnlllcdtly 

(!Lo.o ) imlrovea feed onsunlLlon oI brd€ ude! heaL Bt!e66. 

Conl)aiaoh ol tress dlbred that high 1er61 had 61gn1ticantly 

greater ettect ths 1ov levet of 6ul'p1eheltetion. Bteed dj.ffer- 

ences rele fouit ro be sie.1llcaht (rlo.05). 

l. leed converdio! ratl,o 

The feed converstotr latio of LIJA ard II|B lultet3 kept 

at htsh anbielt tdlelatules N6! in!&ted by 6.1, strd 4.95 P€!c4t 

vlth additlon ol 50 mg and by'16.5, ad 16.09 lercent lith 100 ng 

ascolbic acid/Ee of feed, lespeciively, aB conla!€d to unsu!!1e- 

mented bird8. It vaa observed that ItnH had bette! eiflclency of 

leed utilization than ISB. lolloveddt 1n feed conv€laion lstio 

vaB also gleate! 1n tEE 4 comlued to I|9! puuetE. StatlEtlcaf 

dafysis of the daia shoved that aEcorblc acld 3ulllenatatlon 

stgnificdtly (rl!o.01) iolxoved efflclency of feed utulratlon. 

Conpaiaon of neas lndlcated algnlficant effect of 8ul'Iltehentation. 

Uoreyer, higb leyel gave gi:ete! iDlrov€oent tiran 10{ levet of 

Eulltementatlotr. &eedE dif !6!ed sienlflcdtly (PLo.01 ) trcm

4 &g,L!elsq! 

-2 r2- 

rhe body v€lAht of rlIJB ahd I'sa !I1tet6 inploved by 

alcofbic acid eupl}enenrstion unde! h€ai st!e6s. Ihe iollovenent 

'ves 2,9, drd 5.o5 !'e!ceht ir, r'!H End r.64 dd 4.?2 I)efcenr rn 

ffla puueta ,hetr suppladtel vtth 50 ad 10o og ascolblc ac1

-2't> 

l.ble 45. av€lag€ 6ag n.lgbt, €bell staht and esg 6b.!, th1cbals 

or Frr cla 4!oB.(! to r-ig! {br@r t-DGarE6(tt45oc)& 

suplL@.nt€d rith $cofbio 41it. 

?ffr'"'"ot 

Slheu *lsbt 

lgg 6h€U 

(n) 

rlll 

II'A 

fI€ 

|l,f, 

ISB 

Aacor. t4q-€!lc -/Is , 

o 100 

|a.Eza 

4,114 

5.983 

o.275" 

o.2624 

5z,oob 

,o.z'b 

1.5+' 

4.tob 

o.tozb 

o.2a5D 

ea!6 ytth dllferslt duporscrllt !r a !o, trdtc.te Btgitlcart 

55. roc 

51.55' 

t.gl" 

1.71" 

o. rzec 

o,5trc

6 

H3 

di 

E 9q 

G 

!11 

-3 

5 

g 

tr 

3 

c; 

-2.4- 

4 

PRR 

ii6t5 

ol 

d 3 cg 

56. 3 tr 

Iid g d.c 

E;.9 A ;.3 

I 

1: T

1, EaA f,eight 

-21' 

Ihe re6ults shoved that a6co!b1c acid suppleoehtation 

incleased egg lelght of tEIt dd I8t I[uetE reared at higb 

abieht ienperature8. xgg rciaht {sj tncleaEed by 5,12 a!\d 11.29 

lelcent i4 WLH and by 5.01 and 11,44 lercent b lst! putLets,vh€n 

rulllenehted ulth 50 and 100 og aFcorblc acld/re oi fe6d, re6p.c- 

tively, @ conlsed to contlol. It !s obsolved tbat ylB luuet€ 

la1d h6avier egAs the tB. Ihe loplov€e@t itr eag ,eiahr 1n mg 

lullets vas lound to ne gleaiar than ibat 1n ffi! ehea suDpreoented 

with 50 ng aecolbic acld/xs of Jeed, and breeds bebaved ilyelsety 

vhen sulllenented ylth loo tra e8€olbi€ acid/Ig ot teed. Ihe 

1nploveDat in egg eelght of yIJIi dd IIiB puttetE due io sdcorbic 

acid supprddtation va! loud to be Eigniflcdt (plo.01). 

CompdiBon of oeais indicated that loth Eupple@rtsl teve16 had 

aignjfrcenL (rl!o.ol) effect on ega veighl,. It das obselved that 

l0o mg arcolbic sld/E8 gace 6ignificertly (11.o.ol ) s!6ate! 

(PLo.05) bleed 

50 og sEcolbic acid/rg of 

diffelences vere al6o found. 

2, {cd.3!sll-ref€!.! 

teed. Slgnlficat 

the .$u1t6 .eveatel ihat reight of eAg BheU ln yrr8 

and ISI luuet€ !€aaed under heat €t.@a ilcleded vhen dco.bic 

ac,d supplenenrarion xa! oade- fhe l@lloveoent va! foud to be

-21b- 

9.47 dd 16.80 lelcent In ytd dd 7.{4 dd 15.50 pN@t tn 

$! !u11et6 rhen sulplederted vlth 50 erd 100 Dg 8!co!bic a.td 

!e! [e of feed, reslect.ieely. ul! lullet€ latd €g8F vlth heavte! 

,ahcllo dd 3Lo*ed seater iop.ormeni in 3h€U relght thd in 

iS!. Stati6tical €!a1y3i3 of the data BUo{6d that egg BheU 

veisht va! olcnilicdtly (rlo,or) j.nlroved on eullleoentatio! 

rith alcorbic acid in the lee$. Both level8 of euDlldstation 

had 8iglltlcdt (!LO.O1) efr6t ed hlgh 1weI lloved slgllii- 

cal J (?L0.01) no"e effeclive than 1or l€ve1 oI suppleDen!€tron, 

&eed6 dtffered sisnificdtly {Pt_0,01) froE eeh otbe!. 

l. lsg 3hell thlckpeg8 

It va8 obs€rved that dietdy atcolbic @1d 8ulpletretr- 

tatiotr in tl],H dd ISB lutletg unde! high envilondent€1 tenleratuleE 

iop.oyed egg sleU thlckness. lhe inproveoent in egA shou thlck- 

ness er3 8.94 and 16.16 lercehi in u,B dd 8.19 ard 15.?5 lercent 

in LS3 luUetu uhea Eupprenenfod {Itb 50 and 100 Dg aBcolblc acld/ 

f,g of feed, rdlectiyely. It ra8 foud thai $Jg pullet8 tqid egg6 

rith thlcker shells tl@ lSB. 

The iaplorenent MB ob6e ed to be Btati6tically s1g!1- 

ricat (?L0,01). Con!a.16o! of hee8 rndicated that 50 sd 100 

ns 4corbic a.rdlrs or feed 6rgnrric&!.ly (!Lo.or) tuprov€d egg 

BhelL thlckhe68. lligh level ol aBcoluc acld suppteo@istloD had

-21?- 

significdtty (?Lo.o1) s€ate! etfecr ths rov ts"et, &eeds 

di leled Bisrillcdtty (plo.or) flotr eacb ohe. 

C. RXCTTI TEI{PAR.IIIIRE 

lveraAe lectal reol,eratule of {IJ! dd ISB !u1t€t€ 

reded at hlah €nbleht ten!6!ai,r€6 dd su!!1€6ented ulth 

a6colbic acid have been presenlert 1n labte 4?. staitBticat 

aralJ6is of tue datd hav€ be.n stv€! in rabte 48. 

the rdLrlta leaea.l€d that reckl t@!e&!ure of vEn 

and IEB lultets tncree6ed ejth !1se 1n Enbient tob!€!atD!6 (r1 

to 45oC), hoverer, no colletation betresn @brenr tenleratule 

a'l lectal tdlelature vas ob8eded. tt {d found thar aaco.bic 

acid aulptedentatlon at 50 antt too nSAg of leed decreased 

rectet teo!€latule in VUt pulletB by 0.81 ad 1.42 !e!ceni, 

fe6pectlyely. lhe d€croale 1n reciat temlelatule ot ISB pultet€ 

va6 0.69 and 1.25 lelcent rhen lulptemented vlth 50 dd 1OO ns t 

a5colbic acld/[g of feed, reslicii"ety, lody !@!e!ature€ rele 

rrlgher in laH thah rsa !uuot6. !3co!bj,c acid 6ulpleDeliatloD 

had grecrer eff"ct i, fLH toan rS! lut tets. 

{hen data {e!s araLt€ed statiBtica.lly it va6 found 

tbat, lectal teolelatule8 ol tIIt ad LSr !ul1et6 signillcantly 

(rl_o.01) leduced due to dcolbic scid suplleoatailotr.cooldison 

of ne3n3 indlcat€d that both levels of a6colbic @1d te€ted bad

-a& 

rbl. 4?. lvetlae !.ctal t.!!fstu!. 

blCh {bl€!t t-!.igt[l€€ 

rtt! atcorbtc *td- 

iE 42.21' 

^dodto 

(t::.l58f )*"s#'.:'Jttr 

3d1tl rElf,g 

o 100 

4t,ezb 

41.61' 

t! 42.ozs 

1t.ztb 

41.t9" 

ra!! yitL dlll.tsnl lup.lrcrlDt b e lor Udto.t. slg!.tftxalt 

L

-21' 

43. .rrriltit. ot tsrtle. o! d.t o! 

luLl€t8 .rlored to bith .ollort 

6uDplr6ltod rtth lrcotblc *!rt 

86uce of veletloD 

Estr.dt 6ulDl.oerial 

u!!led€!tal. l€v.I 

- Slslurcslt (P4-o,ol) 

D.r!66 o! 

z 

lectal t.Aer.hr. ot 

o.tllgrF 

o.o550ts 

o.oo146F 

o.0oo$2

-220- 

srsli,Icd! (rlo.oi) eft€ct o! !6cts1 teBpsEtue, but Breald 

effect vaa ob6eleed rith high leyel of 3nld€De[tatlon tb@ 10{ 

lev€l. hFedE dlffeled stgnrricardy (?Lo.ol) lroo eeh othe!. 

'lnt€ractio! beLveei dull)looertdl leeel& b!€ed {ar loud to be 

6lsEltlcdt (?L0.01). 

netal t@perature of tI,E and l-S! lullet6 inclea6ed 

sitb !i8e 1n eblent tedleratole rhen srllldqted vtth arcolbic 

actd. slgllflcdt corelatlon betred anbieni ieolelatule antt 

rectal tdlelatule vs! fouit 1n {!U (! = 0.28J*r) and LS! 

(r - o.lrsd*) lullet€ le

-221- 

D, Pllstrll !lt! tIssul lscoRBlc acID REsioNsx o! lutilJtts l&ar l1 

IICH tJ4.!18nt 1!tlAR.[l0tEi lND SU?PII!|IE{ESD flig ISCoIIIC ICID. 

(a) !1d0a alcorbrc ac I, 

lvelage llarna €!co!b:"c acid v61ueg in {tE €nd IIt! 

!u11et3 kel)t at high dbient l,enrelatur@ ahd 8lpl)]eoented vfth 

dcolblc acld have been glve! in Tabte 49. .t'nalysie of vai&ce 

of data have bee! lreEented ln Table 50. 

the result€ levealett that dietaly aBcorbic etd 6u!!1+ 

n€ntatlon lnlloy€d !16Bna alcorbic acid tevele ln {ItE dd !S! 

pntlets unde! heat 6t!6s. llaBna dcorbtc @1d con.entlation of 

{irli and sr !ut1eb lncreaaed by '1.76 and r-65 pdcor, !eepec- 

tively, ,hen 8ulllemented rlth 50 ng aEcolbic acrd/(g oi feed, 

There vas a incleaae in llaloa alcorbic acld t€vets by 14.40 

dd 12.0, !€rcent, ra8lectlvelJ, in {[q and IIta puUets rhe! 

8ulplemented rlth 100 ne ascorblc eid/f,9 ol feed, !1a6ea scorblc 

acid concentlation raa bighe! in IJsa than YIlt luuets, ,hite 

gleate! inplolenent uaB obselveo tn the latte! bleed. th€ 1[lrove_ 

hent iD lla€na a8colbic acid levet ue3 found to be etattstica]ly 

srenilic.nt (!L0.o1). coolalt6on of nedo shored thar borh tevets 

of 8lppt€n€rtrtlon had Eienlticdt (plo.01)erfect, but gleat€, 

rmllroveDent ua6 ob3ened ,ith trieh tevel ot sullletrcrtation than 

wltb lou L€vel. sienificdt (plo.o1) bleed difterenced rcle Doted.

"""" *,' ffffiJ#fu1i:[i"{"#*trH:!#ls3"3t_ii"", 

ua 

II|! 

0 

r!oo!&rc !c1d ryAa , 

1. O?r 't.16" 

r.rz" 

50 t@ 

r. z4D 

ff i!!te#:.d1rro!€!is'.!,**rrrr."**II",-I]I-_i 

1,25- 

1,t c

!atn. tO, 

8ourc. ot r.rl.tlor 

i6tm.! Eupl,ldedtar 

L.rd8. 

letm.n lfeed8 

SuDDL-atal 1.v.I r 

It.8. 

lrlal'3l! ol rtlrlalce ot dut od 

1.r.16 ol 

lilsr. rtcorbto .olil 

S|ll.ll .rrD!.d to b*L:Dllor rarEarnE€o 

artr suDDr{.lt d dtt alcoEllo 

sisnukali (Ilo,ol ) 

D.gr.. ol 

o.oe9?8'" 

o.02i58*+ 

o.@@?5f,.4 

o.0@t6t

-22L 

It raa ob€elved ttai ,1th advecen€trt ol ea6 froe 2? 

to ,9 ve6k6, dasDa ascorbic acld levek decleaaed In |I/tr and 

!S! !u11et6 leded et htsh dblont t@!eratu!e. I slgnlficant 

but negatlve conelatlon betree! sg6 ed D1€sna aEcolbic &id 

1evel {a6 lound In ll1,Ii (! = -0.?21r) snd rSB (! - -0.?51**) 

lul1ets kell at hish ebtent reolelatued. Reelesslou ahalrsld 

lndicated that {ith €ach veek advecedent ln age, ltaloa 

alcorbic acld concehtlatioq decleased by 0.019 snit 0.015 rg 

lelcenr i! r!ff dd tsB p!1let€, reslstlvety. ldr4chg ege vas 

a.leo collelated vith !1@na aEcolblc acld leyels tn TLr(!= _0.556*) 

pultets aulp1€nent€d rtth 50 Ds alcorbic a1d/Ie ot fesd Dnde! 

Eeereseion sal}€i6 ,evealed that e&h veek sdvdc6_ 

a€ni lj age v@ ddoctared rirh O.OO9 oe leNetrr oeclea6e of 

plsra dcolb1c eld 1€vel th {!It luflets. 

[rth advecdent in ase (froD 2? to ,9 $ek6) !la!!a 

ascorbic acld concentrstion ot fii! luttgts tncrea€ed vhen suppl€- 

Denred vlth 100 n8 a6colbic acld/t8 of f.ed ude! heat st!os6. 

ldyacing aae u6 6istruicdttJ corerareit (! = 0.16*) {tth 

!l€!ha aBcolb1c acld t€vet of IS! pullets glvd jOO mg aBcolbtc 

actd/Xg ot feed. Regle.sion dalyslE indlcared rhar rlth eeh 

vd6k adl4ceneut ia ager p1a!4a alcoxbic eu concentlat1otr 

1ncleaBed by 0.006 dg leEent tn IS! IDtt6t€.

(b) U€6ue aEcorbic acid 

laelaa€ a6colbic acld cont€nt rr kid!eJ6, live!, 

duoddur sd adlenal ti88ues of UJg and Ist luUe+s kelt at 

'trigh ebienl teot,elatules and dulpt€h€nted rlth aacolblc acid 

have beea !!es€nt.d jn tabl€ 51. gtatlEtlcat aha.1y8l! ot tbe 

data have bo6n glven in table j?. 

Tbe !€6u1ta innicared th.at €lcolblc aclc 3u!Dter4- 

tation inc&ared kidney, live!, duodenel ad adlenel t16Bu6 

e€corbic acld cohtont of Trrtj En.t Iis! luItet€ !ea!..i at high 

@biat td!€!at!!e8, the irplove!.Dt In bcreaEh8 o!de! ya6 

foDd in ktdney, a.lrenal, iluo{rensl &d l1e* tissu.s. llghd 

iissue €lcolblc acid coDtent {as Jound in rsr IID€tB 1u 

conldison to v!1. 

Siattetlcal aDalt6ls of the data roreateit thrt 

aacorbic acid contdt of kidley, lrve!, duodeM and sdtelar 

t163ue8 ra€ slgntflcartly {iLo.O1) tblfoved due ro sscolblc 

acid Eulllenentstloh, loth tsvelE oi alcolbic @id suDlt6Een_ 

tarior had dlgnrJrcat (!Lo.01) effect oa kidney, Itv6!, 

duoddM dd sdlenal t$Bue ascorblc acid colteni, l€colblc acid 

content of kldn€y ti66ue vas not dlgnificahtly djJte!6nt {hen 

8ulpleDented rlth 50 ad 100 ng elcolblc acid/f,g of f€ed,houeve!. 

hish lete] oi rEcorbic acid had drsnlflcabtty (rlo,o1) srearer

-226- 

t+r. 5i. 114A3. tl!.u. ..corbr.c *Ilt oollt ot (r8/8r) ol ^ 

D'rll.t, .rlbE€d to blgh iDllt rrDdsrE.i (rl-45-l) 

and durdn€rtd Yith *.orl,lo sld. 

lld!.t tr,f, 9r.ooe 

TIJI 

tlE 

I,IIB 

tlE 

IIIE 

I6roruo actd !6/i8 

o 50 t0o 

99.5oe 

28o,OOa 

,n,tr 

&2.004 

4Al.OOa 

9r5.9Oa 

965.OOp 

97.00" 

1q2.OOD 

tog.oob 

t45.oob' 

€t.@D 

5l2.OOb 

954.@D 

100t,@b 

ll.ar! rilb di-ft.rat iuDcie.tpt ti a Fr bdtost€ stgtttro&t 

8A.@D 

lot.@D 

,46. OOc 

,?o.ooo 

540.00c 

Sto.ooc 

1oG.@c 

1042.@c

s 

3t 

"c 

fl 

: 

t 

a 

d a 

z 

A 

t fr€ 

E{ 

It 

d 

d tii 

; r;! 

q 

8i" 8 

;ts!;E3E 

rx 

33: 3 ;: I

elf6.t oD llve!, droildal ald adrobat as.o$ic aciil coltent 

the tbat of 1o* l.ve1 of agcorblc aciit. 

x. cE!lllcl!], C0IPO6IItCE O! BI/CO' 

' Aaolase valu€E of blood 61ucos6, 

aer@ c€tciuE 60d btood cltric acld lD lln 

spll€Dete(t Dltb a€colblc aclrt u[iter h€at 

pleseEted i. rab16 5r, stsrlsrical alarJds 

bed glveD iu Iabl€ 54i 

I oril elucose 

d@rease Es Doted dth 1oO !g 

50 Dc ascodic aciir/rs ot {6ed. 

be Bis!1flcet (p,/ o.O5), 

5€!u! ch 016 Et6!o I, 

and LSB purets 

tho lesults show€il that a6coruc actit 6uplr€!@tatlon 

ile.rased llood grucose 1ovels tn r4E dd rs! l!1t6ts uDile! 

h€at stless a6 corpaled to coDrrot. {h€ deur6a6€ Fas 6.64 ald 

g.os !€!ce.b lD f,LB $d 6.0, ed g.B4 D.lceot 1! tsB lutt€ts 

vhe! 6u!I)1@€!t€d with 90 sld ,1OO og a6colbrc adveA o, re€d, 

leelectlvelJr {h€ highe! conc€ohraltoD o, gruco6e @E obelvoit 

1! l,sl tha! iD m,E lultets, dtlo, greato! !€ituctloD tu btood 

gluco8e 1eve1 sas noted 1d tn6 tetter bleeit. statistdcal €larrqi6 

of the data !€aealed tlat d€creasg i! blood glucose l6vets iiue 

to ascolbic acld sullleeltatt oD,as stati 6dc&Lr, dgDlf tc @t 

(!Lo.or). Both revd6 ot gup!1€DebtardoD hait €4gbl ttcrnt 

(PZ_o.01) etr€ct, hosove!, Ets!1r1cetly (pl_o.05) eloater 

ascolblc aclvf,g fed than di,h 

BlBeil dltferelces re!6 tould to

tebJ. 5r. &.rat. brood Crcoae, .efl! chlre€t*or, siEE 

cdcrE dd bl@d citflc dtd oolt et (riy'100 cl) 

o!-luUets €rpo.ed to h.igh rblolt tsidulrro6 ' 

ard 6trDDl..@t.d Jlth .lcotblc slit. 

CluooB. {!E Uf 

tsB U5. 

chol.st rol na 186e 

r,9! 2oo4 

. C61c1u Eig 21,024 

. rits 19.514 

aeoftn .ctil rBff,g , 

I t00 

leri 

202' 

'??D 

|e9D 

. Citlc *ld f!! 4,i94 ,.95b 

urE 1.2f 

1.090 

rgoc 

1950 

t?4c 

1E4c 

22,796b 21.97b 

20.84a! 22,Igb 

Ig.nBelfith.ruttEoi aut.$olipt i! a ror lrdlcet€ .lslllrcet 

t 

t.8* 

t.sf

F 

! 

sn5 

6ii6 

i.g€ 

,9 

H 

z 

va. 

I 

.-!_R 

P.PF 

XBg 

I 

E 

"it

-211- 

It aas olsened that slth advaDc{ebt o! aE6 fft! 

? to ,9 se€ks Uood glDcoso 1)velg lncreased ln glll sld lSB 

lu1lets a6aled at htsh tuU6nt tesp6laiuo6 (taoC - 4ro1), 

gignlficant and logitive co!!€lattor net'6s eAe aFd btood 

glucoge coicentntj,oD nas founil ID En (r.0.615') &d LS! 

(! , 0.941)'1) !u1lets. Regresslon sneltsis Ehosod rhat rlth 

each treek edvaDceb€Dt 

LS !!Ilets 1!cleas.it 

ln og6, Uooit glucoso 16ve16 of WlIl @d 

bJ '1,14 dil 1.64 !g p€!cat,!e@ect1ve1y. 

iEdicateil that slth advaEc@et 1! age, 

blood thco6€ level€ oi {LIl ad IS }uUots ilcreasett rb.! 

sup!1ele.tod wlth 50 Ds asco$ic acld/f,s ot feeil ubder b€st 

stfeeg. {go ed rrlood slucor€ levetE rere iould to be slglili- 

cabtlr corelstoil iD aeorblc actd 6t!!1e€Dted 1IIr8 (! = o.srg") 

and !s! (!.0.842") lullets. Rss!6s6do! anarrd. tldlcaterr 

ihat each ee€k advanc€@nt I! age !a6 a6soclateit rlth tDclea6e 

1r Uood gluco8e coEceDtlat1oD by 0,45 eil 0.51 !g !*c€!t lD 

Itt"rl end LS pull€ts, reslectlv€1y. th6 xe6ults !.v€aled thai 

f,ith ailvabc@€Dt rn 686 (Zl-9 eeeks) blooit glucose teret of 

ri4ll and LSB lurlets d6cleas6d rhe! fed di€t. sup!16Dented rittr 

10O rs ascorbtc acid^s of f66a. lBa ald !1ood 61uco6e t.ve1s 

wde fouDd to he srl8Dlticaltly co elatoit lD m,E (! - -0.8S6") 

and LS (!, -0,706") pu116ts. teg!6€don d4ryds shomar 

that *lth each ceek advdceo€Dt ln aEe th€re raE d6c!€aso ot

-212- 

o.?9 ard o.12 DB pexcehlj i! blood glrcos€ l6ve1 of tlrll dd 

l,$ pullets, !e@eclrlvety. 

2. Ee!s-.9Ee!s-e&r.91 

It raa ob€6lvsit that 66ru chol€st€el 1ev616 ot 

Crtll ald iSB puUeid dasaseit dhsD sDpltefroDt.il1tu ascolblc 

actd ubder heat Btree€. Ihe d€c!€ss6 {as fouEit to t6 4.a4 @it 

6.45 lercenb 1n {!E End 5.50 and a.Oo potc€ot h r,E! luUet€ 

ehen sup!1€E€rt6it with 90 ad rcO ng aFcoiblc aciil^g of feed, 

Elgber 1oret8 ol et\ro cbolesteloI xe4 noteit i! LS lultets 

than in l'H. Dec!6ase ol Been chol.sierol oobceltlatlon sas 

g!e8te! in I$ lultets the iD flLg. then dsta *ere anelyseit 

stati6ticallt, 1t ras obEolveit ihat a€coftlc acld gigltflcsbtly 

(Plo.or) d€cleased solu cholest€&r 1evel ot !i!ds unde. 

beat stless. CoDlartson of De@s l.dicateil that !oi! l€ve1s of 

€n!p1@eb L3tion rad si gliti canL (p{_0.01) 6tf ec t, hoD€v€r, 

hishe! 1eeel aave sisDtficalt1, (pl_o.ot 6!66rer !€drcrloE 

than 1os level ol suwloDentatloa. 

Tbe !6sul Ls lbilicateil that rith &dc6!c a@t of age 

$aa q b t9 weeks, s€nlr cbo166t€!o1 coDcoltlarion in frr,! 

.rd l,6S lullets trcraled rhe! rearail 

ieDp6!atu!6€ (rloc - 45oC). rdvarclns 

leaels h M,ll (! - 0.s86'") &d t€.9 (! 

at r'lgb edviloheDtal 

aa€ alal 6eru chole6teNl 

- 0.922") puuet6 *ere

- 2j, 

founil to b€ dsriltcantlt cor&tatedi R€Alesslon dalysid 

levealod tbrt dth each seek ddvecerent in 6g€ ib€!€ *as 

lDcleaEe of 6ehu cholest6lo1 1ev6l bt 1,r? sDd ,1.?2 D6 lorcat 

ln 9/[H enit LSB lultet6r !€6lectivety. It eas o!ae!v6d that 

advalclns as€ (rrab ! t4 9 {eok6) sas s191f1ca!try cor!€rated 

dith 6e!u cbolestelo1 1ev6t ib rr$ (r . o.??r") Fruers kepr 

at hlBb tubient idp€latu!6s a.d suldoeDteit dth 50 nS a€coiblc 

aciil46 of leeit, t€g!€ssiob ahaly€1s do{eil that each D€ek airvdc6_ 

oeDt of ase wa6 assoclateil wliih lncFa€€ in 6.nje cholestolol 

level by 0.60 Dg !€rcelt 1! L$ llltets. 

Ircolblc acld suppl(b€Dtation lDcreas€d seru cs_IctuE 

level s 1! Wi,E and LS! lDUet6 k6pt at hLAh dvlr@Dentat t@pe!a_ 

tue6. senr calciu levet6 ilc!€a6eit bJ ?.7/ @ii lt.az !6!c€Dt 

In lul ard 5.te a.d 14., lercelt 1! IrSB !,uU€t6,hen feil dl€tg 

El])pteD€nted *tth '0 €nd 10O ng eBcorbtc acidAe ol feedr 

re6lecttvelJ! as corya!€il to ttre contrct. seluD c4lclun levels 

wele lound to be hlghe! Ib 1[I,8 lult€ts thaD 1E LS. Dette! 

re6Do!€e of ascolbtc acid dr!!r@6itatlo! waE Jould 1n ir,H thu 

LSB lullets. StatiBtlcat alarJ€le ot tho data Ehored that 

ascorbic acltl euplleDentatlon slgE1l1ca!t1X (plo.o5)rlc.ea6ed 

6emn cslciuo 1evel€ oJ !t!ds unde! heat 6t!..., coiEariso! of 

red€ ibiticated that lo* 16ver oJ dppl@eDtatlon dln Dot

B1gllficaltly iEprors seruD catcl1)i colc enhatlon of Du11et6. 

Bleeds diltEreil d.snlfl.stlt (!LO.Or) flob €acb obh€r. 

!h6 r6d1tg EhoPoil that sltb advs!.ebqt of aA€ 

,(Itor 4 to ,9 reetB) s€ru calcluD levels it6crea$it Ib {!E 

sEd 18! pull.ts k€lt at hleb envtloroeltal t€@peratus (r1o_ 

45oc). tdralcitrs a66 aEiI 66tu carciu l.e?€16 r.r. slgDriLcturt, 

cos€lated la trL[ (! - -0.?o?.') eit tsB (! - -o.5ee'; port.t". 

R€gr€ssloD aDatJsis !6v6aled that r:rth €ach mak adra!c6!s[t 

1D ase seru calcim corc4hatlo! d€ceasBir by o.r? aDd 0.14 Dg 

p.!c6bt b WItt ea LSB pulretgj !€e6ctlv.ty. 

rlth advdc@ert of ss. (rro! ?-r9 e€eks) s€!u! 

calciur l.v6l decreqs.d lD {!$ !u11ets r6ar€d at bldh @!ie!t 

t€!!e!atu!o6 Dh€D $ppt€6e!t.d dth 50 ng q*oluc actd^S of 

feeil, ! BlgDlJicet lut Deeatirs co!!61atioD let eeD aAs aDit 

s6!u calcluE levEl rag toDDrr ln r,[,H (r _ _O.5ts') lull€rs fed 

tlt€t6 dDlld€.ted {Ll,b ,0 Dg ejcorilc aclit !o! KA ot f6.il, 

Reglessioh an&ty6i. !€vealed that dth 6acb tr€€k aitv€lc@ent 

in a8e the!6 Eas decrease of seru! calciuo coDc€otlatloD by o.20 

DA pelcent lD INLE pulletB. rhe !6drtt6 ldtcat6ir ihat advalchg 

age res collelared (! - 0.810") vt th .6d!..1c1@ 1€,a16lD 

LSB plltets eplldent€it |dt& rOO !A e6cor!1c acldng of t€ed 

und€! h6at €t!€6s, !€a!66d.o! aEalysis showod thei esch eeek

adv@ca€nt i! ase saE sseciatoil *!tn O.O5 Dg lelceDt 

s.ru calciuD 16fe1 ot IsB puusts f6i! dlets 

€uppl€E@t€d rlth ,lOO be aEco$tc acld/Eg. 

Ihe !€slts sboeed tbst ltooit cltdc acld cont€rt 

decreasod iD TIfi ed tsB pullets su!!1ae!r6d *1t& a6colblc 

actii uDiier beat srlese. 1lr€ decr6as€ sas >.49 sld g.11 polc€ot 

in rn €nd 4.22 anil ?.7, peR€nt 1! 168 !ril16ts,he! suppt._ 

reDt€d qlth 

'o srld 1OO rg asro$ic ac1

ailv@cila age tud Uooil c1tllc aclrt 16ve1s. 4he edlts 

!€vealed ihat advac1le aa6

able 55. 

vorue (t) 

-2n- 

lvela8e r.d blood ce11 coht, baaoAlobir co!t(nt, 

erytbrocyle Eedi!.bl,aLio! late &d lscked c€ll volu!.^ 

ot FII.IE .tF6ed Lo hisb ablolt l€!!eratu!.€(ll-45'C) 

dd srlll{dted ylth aBcorblc 6cld. 

ol) 

IlB 

ITIB 

urs 

utB 

'I,B 

IsI 

Llg 24.504 

LLA 28.OOa 

Aa.o$lc. aojd D&/rg 

0 50 100 

2,e,44 

2.944 

a.2aa 

a.564 

,.o44 

l.01' 

,.09- 

8.95o 

9,06b 

4, t0- 

4 J2b 

26.5ob 

29.50b 

643!rith.dlffudt 6u!€!sc!1l)t ln a ro, lldlcate signitlcsnt 

t.$' 

9,4?c 

9.60c 

t.2oc 

2a. ooc 

,1,5t

lEq 

t*E 

d t: 

{!3 

E 

e 

I 

T 

t 

I 

-2* 

I 

I 

t. 9A: 

466. 

ddd 

qla 

54ts 

R 

lccSent 

E:: A ;: E 

85 

:,lX? 

59 I 

l,|'9 

| 8i 

9,S E 

ssi

c€1l coults ln lrili ard ISB pu.ll6tE undo! leat 3t!€36. The 

llpmv.opDt i! RBC cout6 ra6 5.65 alil a0.a, lelcent iD rNUr 

sld 4.85 and 8.?o leNeat i! LsB lutl€ts rbsn Erplla@teal 

,wltb 50 add IOO DA ascolbic acld^g of r€6it as c@I)tEil to 

cout!o]. l$ pnllets bail bigber gqthlocyte couits tbaD W,E 

but B!6ater llclease rag fotnil lD tho lattd tleed. lh6 

tnclea€e tn ABc couts ms fc\rnd to b€ statlEtically dgolfi- 

caDt (?L0.01). Soth the 1€v€18 of &!p1@6btirri o! hail 

sl8!11!.aDt (!Lo.ol) 6rfect, horov.!, elythlocyte cor&t6 mro 

siSplftcell, (PLo.O1) hish€r i! !l!d6 grplleoel,ed rdth 10o 

DA aEcolDlc aciil tha! tbodo suppl{€ntEit rlth 50 DA a6corblc 

actil^g of f6e(t. B4eat itlffd€!.€s {.!e louDd to le si8ltflcart 

(PLo,o1). 

Pith advancenetrt of as6 ( floo ?-, seeks), llc cout6 

d€c!ea66d lb C4/E ald LS lullet6 $ar€it at ,i to 45oC. rg€ antt 

€rtthloclt6 couis were louit to !€ dglltlcdtIy cor€1st6at lD 

v&s (! - -o.s6s") dd I6s (! . -o,84r") !ur1ers. The t€gr6F 

sIoD atalyets re@alod that rlth 6acb r.€k ail@caeot 1D 6g6 

RBC couDte itecleaseil bX 0,02, aDtl O.O€ iitlioDq/lnr lD xLA 

and lSA luUet8, respectholy. 

The roalts .bo!€d thai advabcirg sse (J!oe ?-r9 

w€eks) aDd RrC cout6 F6!€ bot slgEtfjcaDtlX colr€latod lD Wr,u

and LSB pu11et6 f6it iti€ts epll@@teil dth 90 rg ascortlc 

acid/&A of te€d uile! heat stless. golee€!, slgniflc@t 

coxrelatioD oI a8e @iI RBC co@tg m6 fould t! rE{(! - 0.S94'1) 

gid !s (! = o.8s?") puuet! sulll€@ent€d slth 1OO es asco lc 

acidê ol ie€d. logleeEdo! eatystB sbowed that €ach m6L 

age ra3 as6ociat6d rlth 0.014 &d 0,015 DiluoDs/ 

RBC co@t6 1! tIrE od lgB !ut1eis,!.6!€ctivo!y. 

2' &.9894!.9!.b-sse!s-t 

gae&glollb corteDr, tbcasaEed 1D yln @iI ts pullets 

lealod at ,1 to 45oC dblelt loDpelatre6 ftea a.colbic aclit 

s\&!ler6.tatio! wa6 dile. ua@oslolh tev€1s rele lll)lovod bJ 

?,49 @d 12,t7 lercolt in VIiE aiil ty 5.52 and {.ai left.br t! 

!$ pult6t€ lhoE d!?Iebelt€it trlth a6.og1c acld at l€v€Is of 

p and 100 16 J€colb1c acld !6r kA ot j66il, r€Epoctively, !68 

!u1l,et6 hait sgllficaDtly trighe! hagEogloliD tev€tF iha! *!n in 

{hich eFater ]!p&v@e!t ras boteir tha! !sB, statlstical 

a!61yss ot the data levealeil that aEcolblc sclit .uwlensntetlo! 

sianlflcantly (?L0.01) lDprrv6d Eb coDt6Dt of !i!ds. l€colblc 

aclil supltoreltairlob ar htsh€! 1evel had d.6dtlcarr1r(!Lo.o1) 

lbprov€d ltb cont€nt of b1!d6. trRcolhlc acld $p!t@€ntaUo! at 

hiBb€r level hed signitlcsntlt (!LO.O,) glesro! 6ff€.t tha! 

6!P!l ebentutioD at lose! itose.

-241- 

f,lth advanclbg asa (ftoa n-t9 teokE) lib coDtdt 

ol *L! uit lsB puuets ilareas6il urit€t b:lsb 3!b1@t t@petatur€6' 

siCEiflcaEt calfelatlo! b€ltse€! advsrctng age ald Eb colt€nt EB 

round 1n \ltut (! - -o,srz") 4d',6! (! - -0.64t) pu116t6' R€6- 

ressoD dary3is doeod that stth eech teek edveDc@€ot lD eg6 

Hb cobt€nt ol m,g ald !S! lultets al6crea6ed bJ 0.aa and 0.O8 

eb perc€ht' leelectlv6lv. ldvdcllg age anit Ii! coiteltE i! U's 

(r - -0.66r") aait Lss (! - -0.949") luf1ets roatod et r'l to 

49oc *e!e s15o selflcedtlJ colfelated lhen aEcorlic aclil 

eupplenentatlon (50 ng/4(s or r6ed) eas Dait6. l€s!€331o! ealJEls 

lldtcatea that {itb 6ach rcek aileeceodli tD ag6 th€F ms 

decr€as€ ol qb colt€Dt br o.o, ard 0.05 gD lelcsDt 1D {!E and 

iS !u116t6, r63p€ctlv61t, 

tbe ledttE lovealeil ibat dth ailvec@sli of aS€ 

llon 27 to I neeks, nb coDtontd ol fllE ad lsl lullets iDcisased 

whoD a6co$1c acid €uppI@entatlo! (100 EB,/(6 oJ feeit) raE Dads 

at t1 to 45oc ebient t64eratu!e. tge alil Eb coDt€lt6 r€!€ 

lisniflcantu dd losltivelr corr6]ated iD {r,E (! - 0.6S4") 

alal LsB (! - 0.584') !u11ets. R66r€s6ioD snely3lE Eholed that 

each .s6k ad@cdent h aE6 ras assoclated dth 1!c!ea66 ot 

0.024 ed 0.047 8[ lelcebt itr Eb coltsDt ol m,g end lS !u11€ts,

_242. 

,. Ervtb&cYt€ .6d1bmtatlo! rat6 

IBcoln1c acld duF16i6ntat1o! !€duced €rytbrocyt6 

sedlnentatlor latE of ydJl aDd lSB !ul]€t. r6a!€d at hlgh 

aDblent tenpelatu!€€. lbe roibctl@ 1! ESR ra6 touDd to b. 

7.60 and rr.76 lEF€nt lD {!n aud 5.tt 6Dd 12,70 !6!cot ln 

L$ puUetg Eu!p1e@!t6il rlth 50 aDiI 1OO [A a6colblc acld^g 

of teoil, re8lscti?ell, llgh€r valu€6 ot ESR r€r€ o!B€!v6at 1! 

!S p!11€t6 tnBD ln Itli, lut ildclea6€ 1! EgR ras li8b€! ln tn6 

tatter bleeil thaD th€ lomr. Tbe !6ituctloD 1D Eb 1oE1 ras 

foubil to be st5tlsblcdllt d.gD1flca!t (pL0.01). Botn levels 

of suppleEdtstio! Brg!1llc@tlr (pLO.Oa) docloased ESR 1! 

b1.a€, ho*6vor, h18h level bail d.sllflcaDtly (pl_0.01)g!€ate! 

eflect tha! lor l€v€r of a8co$l4 acld arlplaeltatioD. 8!66i16 

dift6r6d s1s.l jlcetlJ (pL0.05) rrc! €6ch otb6!. 

xj.ttl adva.c€!€Dt ot a66 !!o! 2? to 4 r6€ir6, EsR 

1ncleaseit 10 ftE ed LSB lull€tr !€ar€it at ll ro lSoC.AirvEnc1!8 

ace giit EriR rele sleDlfl.etlt colfolat€d 1r [,8 (r - 0.694r') 

ad !6! (! = O.5r') !uuet6. !eg!€s61on @altd.s i.Ditlcated 

ihat rtth each seek sirv&Dc€Flt 1n a8e EsR of {Ir{ and !s 

lutt.ts lncreaEed by 0.0t, shd 0.0t Eblbour, felEgctlvetr. 

ldvoclog ege !!d lSR oJ UILS alit lSB pultets !6a!6it 

aL rl ta 4raa n€le lot co$€1at€ir sh6! a6co!b1o aclir

-24' 

suplleDdtatton at 50 la/xg ol f6€a ta€ taa€. Eo,€velt 

advancins aee (rroD 4 to t !€6ks) eil !6R tets sisnlticalt1J 

colrolatod h f.tLB (! ' -0.64') alil Ls! (! = -0.646') !uu6t6 

, t€d illet6 gulFtetoDted tith 1oO !e a6colblc aclit^g ot t€eil' 

Reere6sloD sD..LJsl6 $oreil that eacb teok ad?ecdent ln sge 

ta6 assoclated *ith dec!6a66 lD Esl bJ 0.0t @al 0.0r, @/bou! 

ln WIJH and lJsB pullets' &3pectlvelv. 

4. Pack eil cell volun€ 

The !6su1ts lEilicatsd tbat lacked 

ce11 volule 

tncreased i! vlLE sd LgB pulletg kolt at high 6vl!@Dertal 

teeleratures rtI6D diets sulpl@eDiEil qltb ascorbLc aciit tele 

!e

-244- 

{: Lo adva!(eo€Dt of aga ( frcD ? to 

ir W,B dd l,SB l)ullEts iter€as61, sh6! leded 

9 

,1 to 45oc, 

hovever, age and rcv te!€ Eot slg,ilicalt]v colrelated' rltb 

advalclnE ase (t|ot Z/-9 woe& e) PCv 1nci6a..d 1! Itul €!d LS 

luIlets uhen aEcolblc actd 5rlp1en6ltation (100 4/(g of f66d) 

!s6 Da.Ie. It {as fould thai ailvalce!.Dt 1! age sds cot!61at6d 

(! = 0.?06") wlth 1Dc!6aso oi Pcv lD itrg luuets led dlst€ 

€upp1€Dentea tith lOO og adcoltlc aciitê of !e€it. R€gt66eioB 

sa1t61s !€a€aled that stth 6ach vo6k ailvslceEoDt i! ag6 tlr6le 

Ba6 increaso of PCV bt 0.12 p€lcent i! {tlt !u11et6. 

c. E!-9!94M-9!JE93!I9-l!f.!-gE!gg!49-p!. 

tbo cogt of e86 lloiluc tioD {ae {o!k6il out to sao 

bonetlts oJ aditilg sscor$lc aciil itulilg 5uuo6! no!tn6' !t!e co6t 

to lroduce obo dozen of esSs csDe to tJe Rs. 9,74' 9.A ad a.tt 

in m,fi od 10.45' 10.08 atrd 9'0, in LSB pu11€ts g1v@ lation6 

swllebented rith or io @d 1oo ng asco$lc acid per Ea of foeilr 

redl)ectivelyr as 6hod !D Tabt€ i?. Th6 ilaia lldlcated that th6 

birils led ratloD c (1Oo Es asorblc ac1d48 ot fe€il) lroiluced 

es8s Eore ec@oD1cally tha! bilds oD latloDs 4 ald !'

,b1. 57. 

co6t ot re6d(rs.J 

OEntltt of 

used (6s) 

(rs.)- 

(z+a) (rr. ) 

agA prlduceil 

(doren6) 

.s83 (Rr.) 

Itt 

tlE 

I8E 

II,E 

!{ll 

VIJE 

la! 

Ef, 

I.IIE 

r]jE 

I,5IE 

{!E 

raa 

2.5!.lris or te.d. 

ascorblo std .rlDl€oat.tLo! nurbt 

f,ati.@6 aDlrl(.dltdl tlth .Forbto 

&ld TYrE 

Cont&!- 50 - 1@ . .: j 

7,41 

7.724 

19.8? 

20.6 

19.47 

20.09 

2,Oa 

1.92 

9,'14 

10.45 

0.065/100 oA EcoEDlc aDld. 

€.211 

a,451 

21,15 

22,@ 

110.55 

42',15 

0.2€ 

21,52 

22,8 

2,r, 

2.21 

9.24 

io.€ 

9.785 

10.101 

25.44 

26.26 

'978.0 

1010.10 

0.64 

0.66 

26.08 

25,92 

t.1t 

2.9 

a.t, 

9,Ot

n!.a!l sll.Ess 

-246- 

CEAPIIER V 

tl€cu66toli 

,Ihe 1aJiD6 blld€ al, chlck ad pullet Btag€ r6!e 

ea?o€eit to e*peliDeltal hest Etresg of ,ooc (1oD t.E!€ratu!e) 

for two se6ks dd th€! to tgoc (hish teoloratu!6) Jor 6r!6aque!t 

6 weeks. tho chanA6s 1D tie leriohaDce ol birdB 1! tsm6 oI 

sain 1. sel8ht, feed lntaket oltlcleDcy ol fe€tt utllizali.on aDiI 

egg llotuct1ob alcoAetth €gg cha$ctori sirlcE wer6 D€a6r€dr 

lffect of h€at 6t!€66 wag Eea6rEe4 lD telDs or rectd te!!e!etu!o. 

?lasta sd tlssue lev€lE o! a.corbic acld.0!6 detsdD€d,Cru.os€l 

chol.stelol, calcluE and cltrlc acia 1.ret. ol bl@il r€r€ al8o 

oea6ured alongvltl baeDatologlcai ?arauete!sr 

GENlt,{I, PIRIoRUINaE 

YouS cblckE e>Qosed to lo{ lroupelature (rooc) str€6s 

fo! a Ehorlr duration (2 roeks) shor€d siguiflcalt (!L0.01) 

itelre6sio! 1n w€ight gal!, f6.d colsudltlo! ald eftlclsDct of 

lEed utlllzaliioD. Ht6h t€@eraturo (too) etress fo! a arbsellueDt 

1@s duetioD (6 r6ek s) led to a futh€r sigpiricant (p / 0.01) 

delreEsio! of b1# ordo! th the aloee Eeatlo!€il pd@€t€!6. I

_241_ 

Bienitlcant (?/ O.oa) lnc!€ase ln tho rect.I ta!€lalure ol 

the youg bllils eas notlced {lth tb€ os dd hlgb t€b!€!atu!€ 

€*poa!68, Ttr€ WI/E cbicks lfoveit io!6 sdEltt@ t etP€llD4tal 

heat €tre€6 at lou tud h18h teaLp6latu!€ expo6rle6 thaD lSB for 

relsht galnr fe.d cotrtultlobr efflcl€Dcv o! toeA utlllzado! 

(odr at hleb t€ryglatulo .tre66) 4d r€cts1 teo!€!atu!e. 

In r!116i€, 1ox tenp€ratule 6tre6s n€ltne. depreEseil 

the hody weiehte ror th€ etClcielcv oi feod utluzatloD (t€ev 

doz6 eses) d.6D1icaltly' hoxer4rr 61s!1flcabt (P / o.01) 

reductlon in feed intale vao obvious. Higb t€nleraturo 6tres6 

delresEed boily telahts' f66d iliale ald efflcl@cv of leed 

utlllzatlon (f€ed/dozs egss). riss FoducdoD! esa e€lsbt' d6u 

reisht alil sh.lt thickE€ss trere 6IgEtJic&t1I depr€€8€d a6 a 

redrli of los &d hleh t66p6!ature expos!6' geat 6ttogB leil to 

a slslltlcant (PL0.01) lrse i! r€ctst td!6!atu!s ol td€ latlls 

ner!e631on in le€d intake of toulg chlcks ((l€db€! 

dd Doughofty, 19r4i sFa1! ald larrell' aqti vo srd 3o0De,1975 

ed co{an a-Dil Mlchle, 1t8)a!.t pu11€t6 (&drade C! g!.' 1976t 

xsiel anil Babave, 19al rbit tanot et ar., 1944) s3 a t€611t ot 

heat stless has beeb ieloltsil. Uest stles8 apleat.d to bave 

delressed the feed int€iko !y lose.Lng th. ba&l retabolic xat.

(8uR) thxoneh deF6ssira the thyrold acri{tty. RelD€ko anil 

l\r!!e! (1945) haE relolt€d higho tLtrorine 6€c.etton !al,e 

1! lhits dudng wirter than h suene!. It ba! b6€! EhoE that 

?xpo5u!e of bi!d8 to high t6rp6!atar. caceil it€lre3d.oD 1r 

thy'oxit€ outlur (Hoinse! g! gl,, 1960 ald Bu.ro! d g!.,1962). 

the (l6creaseil tbyronlne 6€c!6tion late lo*e!6 basat !€talotic 

raii6 ol birits (!elco!er, 1tl) leatuba to d€ples.ed f€6ir iDtake. 

T116 fthdlage of tb6 ple6€bt stud, 1liUcatilg de!!e$ 

d.on 1! leed tllare at ,OoC aro i. 6AEeoe.t,1th tho6o of 

!s g! gl. (197r) {bo found !€(hlc+.ro, t! feeir 1!ta.k6 o, *rs bdg 

at tho sue t@!€raiar6. aor€velj tb6 redtrs drfie! lhD inos6 

of Ald and chaudhrt (1tO) {ho ooE€ned Do!_€lgntficslt Effect 

of beat €tress (r2.2oc) oE f€eir cobdqtaoD of putlsts. tbe 

vdlatlon coutd !e du6 to dlfle!6bces lD b!6€ils used 1D the te 

studlgs. IDdlebbous (!ed.) ble€d u66d !, tho abov€ aurhols 16 

sell ad6pted to tbe btAh tfilelatuls st.ess b6car6€ of 1ts 

erpocule dulin8 €uMer str€6s. Th. Do!_slgdtloalt o{f€.t of 

heat 3tless on t€ed intaks of 1!dis6!ous (I9d) bi!d6 at ,Z.2oc 

e!!€a!€ to be d're to theh ailaltatton. raqoo! (1966) dod6d tbat 

feed coDsunltio! dlii lot dereaEe at €re! llooc lD adaptoit blits, 

rtteloa. the !o.-aitaded l1ldg hait tos f€eil lltake at ,.7oc.N1e 

observatlons that low (tooC) teo!€lature srregs irid lot

_249- 

sisniricantly atf€cr bodr rcisht of luttet6,aglee rlth tlose 

of AlnI anil Cbaudbiy (19O) eho t.e!o!t€d Bidld eff.ct ot 

t2.2oo t@pofatr€ on bodJ tr6ights. Mshbood alil rahtE U1lah 

(1972) !e!o!t6d no!-6lerificet efr€ct ol ,5oc o! i€6d iDt.r6 

ot I.r fiarip8ht!6 @d rhit6 coEiEb latofs. Trri, eflEct coutd 

be due to s!a11 lDclease 1r t€D!€.atur€ ituilg exp6r1reltal 

stleBs ove! the co[t!o1. 

Ih6 d€cr.ase ln re6d intake uril€! h6ar st!€ss sa€ 

leflected into d6lreEsed gslD 1! q€tght o, youg cHc!6 alil to{ 

lodt reiAht6 of pu11et6. S!!ita! J1bdtlgs per6 leported bJ Vo 

ad 3ooh6 (1t5), seai! sld Fa!!€:t (.19?5) sD.l Dsre dd lurto! 

(1980). {b€ reducrloE iD bo(y *616ht courd slso be 4uo to losg 

in lody fat. Calcass abdonilal fat ha6 !@! sbom to it@!6as€ 

siAlllicantly th bloiter chickB o!o6€d to ,5oO tejrlelatulo 

(@ith et a1., .t l), srrce rhe calortc !6eds of b1!c6 cout{r 

Dot be hlftlr€c ude! heat stress rns €!e!g| r€quir€oeDtE dlght 

hare leen Dot !J tat ldobilizauo!. !t16 1od to a Io€B of boit, 

fat coltelt (Ft€h€r g! eI., i9G5). 

lhe leolts ot th6 !!e.e!t studJ s6 1! accold@c6 

wlth tho6e of HustoD (i9re), uu€l1ei (190.), {bdd 6r sl.(i967), 

xl-louFly E! 4. al B) ed clr1 aDd ceg,e! (T84) {ho !6po!ted 

that h6dt stles6 d6p!6sseit egA ploituclto! ot lldls. Tb6 !6i!rc€d

'250- 

feed cohsrBl)ilon of !u11elr6 u!d€! h€at €tless Elghi hav6 

re8ult.il ln a decreaseil iltsl. or calo!166 and otL6r lutrleDts 

loailibg to ile!re656d €ga p$ituctlon. !d6 iBdDldod egg ploduc_ 

t1o! under hsat st ess ra6 r6lst€it to tor e!€.gJ iDtek6(Iits.|i, 

1949 6!iI Pryle, l 6) dd 6rso to atecteeseil lntake ot otir€r 

Dltrl€nte (Payne, 1%6). tio{6v6r, !!ar ed cesett (r 1) 

obBerv€d !o diffelerce In €gg broductlo! of blldB at coDstdt 

t6rpo!atu!6 of 6 to ,OoO lh€n daut auwdc€ contelDod at 

l€a€t 15 gn cmd€ I)loteln ulth dirrl@E of 0.49 A! of sullbu! 

atno ectits. osldDa alit Noz*t (a954) r€polt€d b6setivo calcluE 

balaDce ltr btlds degpite bi8b calctuD lbtske at hisb €lvilolr€btal 

t6lpeFtu.es. Kohle dd Jon66

'2'51- 

$rhctlonh6 of the ovartes results ln d.6f€ct6 ol otulatlo! 

and that ol oviduct, iDhillted ovlductal secr€tions. It bag 

bed lepolted tbat high elvtioDn€ttal t@!€!atu@s iltstudeil 

. th6 fulctlonE ol ovdles aDit ov:.duct lu blrds (FiDa 9! €!.' 

195). tuIlale! 9! e!. 

( 1979) ob.€lvsil tnai heat stre38 

lrflue.ced.a!ly Bta8es of d€ll fo.latlolr aril its etfoct o! 

e88 ploduction delendeil o! tt6 oJcu!€nce lD !61at1o! to 

ovd.qtlon, thusr dilectlJ aflectln8 egg pfoduction, odob gl gl. 

(1985) lound slgniticdt r.iluctlon lD 066 psductlo. ot b6n. 

du€ to htp 6rtherai a. 

Tbe !e5u1t6 1liEcadr6 it€!!6s61o! I! fe6d efilcle.ct 

(feed^s Eaib) oi chlcks sposod to heat 6tre88, aar€e rlth 

thos€ of (1ei!.! anil tuush€rty (1914), rlllisd ud *rDr (r%a) 

ard snlth 4sI. (198r). rhe loor te6at €fficielcy m6

flotr Elsht hav€ cau66d slosth letaltatloD of chlcks tn th6 

rf€selt 6tuilt. It ha8 b€6n .hod that d6c!6a€€d tnt€€tlDal 

Uooit flos 1n!41!B eborgy asstdlatto! teaiulg to poo! glosth 

.of ctricks (Bottje @ir trarcr6oD, a986) becauss lat elulte 

conloundsr abBnlltioD 1. btood fta ilelElilelt (I/ud€!@ eld 

Jodal, 1?5). 

th€ flDdllaa of the !!e€€ot staq, are lD coDfo&lt, 

wlth thoee o! clacitrova (1964) arit ushro.d aDit Istl! Utlah 

(1972) ebo !e!o!ted tlat hear srxosB !..rrced r€€d coreolElo! 

6fl1c16bcy of l{yin8 tUd., The !€duceil €rl.rclecy ot f6ed 

utluzariion sa6 lelrrapE due to gr6at€r a6cti!6 iD es8 Foductlo! 

of !1!ds eaposoit to b.at st!6ss. ?e6d coDvelB1on etflclelcJ|,as 

lot 816!ifica.tly aff6cted at lOoC. lmlatry thlg sa6 ilu. to a 

vert 11tt16 .odatio! h .Aa !.oitu.tloD of r,SB putlets leaiBbg 

to oDly 0.1, p€lcelt d€p!.sgio! 1D fe.il colver€lo! €fflciencl 

ln coDlarlson t) the coDtlot. 

Th€ re&1ts ol the preselt 6tuil, ar€ irlty sr!sta!_ 

Llstsd br 110.6 rf Ere (195G), p6rk Cl gl. (1ro), 6D1rh 

dd 01rve. (192b), "ar[6. €j al. (j9s2) ad ,eaver g! g!.(198r) 

wbo lelorted that bodJ t6!pelatu!6 o! cblckons and tur&6ys 

i.cr6a6eit lhen 6xpo6eil to btgh €lviloDD6lrar t@loraulre, 

Paldue S! sl. (,1985) oleervea rhat !€ctar !@!€!arur6 o, chicks

_251_ 

IlcreaE€il rh€! expos€il to h€at stless, 1b€ !!s€ 1! bodJ 

teDlelature ol LgB and mfi chlck6 and tho pul16t€ tae probablt 

due to the reapb that @ouDt ol beat ploduced bt @8cu1ar dit 

notaboLlc actJEtleE oas hl6he! than th6 heat lost So th€ 

lody to the envlromort. Du€ tc tt.hal lDbalalca beat lroduc- 

tlon exce.ded heat 10B6 le$ltlns iD trigb€! boEy teo!6!atu!e 

stui.

-254- 

ThlB elfet ol body slze lat be !€lated to tb€ relsti@lt 

sreater netabouc rat€ of da1l b1!d6 (stulkle, 4965). 

i€lordx and Eutt ('19)9) havo !6!o!t€d EIDtla! br6ed ditfer- 

elces betw€en lectel teupolatrs8 of tblt6 !€shorl] ana Rbode 

IFl4d Red chick6 du6 to d1tl6lenc€ lD tb€ d.re of th€ breed6. 

4 staltlstlcally 61gnl flcani cor!€Iatlo! ess Jouuil 

b€tBeeD rectal teD!,eratir!€ of tco cblcks aDd €ovlloDrental 

tenperaiae. ill1€se fiDdiDEE a!€ 1D accoldence {1tb tbo6e of 

Klne (1956) *ho relorted that bodt te@e!atu!6 ot toDA chlcks 

vdied qitb the oDvlroMejta] t.E!€rature. Balthol@4 sld 

Darso. (1952) bav6 i.{icat.il a statl6t1cat1t dgniftcalt coF+ 

latioD betwee! loitt td!!€ratu!6 of Destllng ,ostett) eLUts aDd 

r4u611e! (1961), E!-Bou dry (1966), rltt ana chaudhrx 

(1970), Indraile 9! CI. (196), Ralr€J alir c!6s.! (19s2) dd 

r4or g! ar. (1984) hsve !€!o.t6d lhat h€at €t!€ss dellessed 

esg welghis @d €hel1 eelghts, Th6 d6cr€a..d €s6 w€lsht ea€ 

probahly du6 to leducea nutll@t lDtak€ as a !6su1t of iliEinish€d 

food i.taLe of !u11et6 expos€d to h€at 6t!686. mth the ons€t 

of heat str€B.i ieductlon ol 6gA lloductioD aDd eAg siz€ !l. tbe 

pullets seens to be an adjush€nt to Eulvlve unit€r ib66€ 

coniUtians. Ttrls relelv€d th€ bird6 of a coDstdela!1e draiD oD 

thei. DeaAre re$ulces of Duttid,ts *tUcb Ful

-25r- 

fo! Areater.uuber of large slzeit €ggE. llhe .eiluction i! €ge 

seieht va€ plobably atso due to r6duceil egg p!oauct1o!. 

Roraroft dd Eonsn.ff (r95r) hav€ Eratdd thar 6se 6tre 16 t6€. 

,readlly lnllueDced by dietuy reelEe tha! tne lat€ oI !!oatuc_ 

tioD. Thelefo!€r chalAes 1D tbs qrantijry o! qualitJ ol th6 

ratloE t6bd to aflect egg ploductio! h€fore Doiuft.1Dg eAs 

weight. rh€ losEibfe !ea&! fo! d6pleBsett dr€1l {elght apleas 

to be the r6duc€d €h611 thickn.ss ln the lul1€tB epos€it to 

xdlh€n (r94o), Atvl sjld chaxdbrX (r9?o), Eerrr&D arotr 

Bi€llter (1959), zi@erl@ er g!. (197r) ed roDo! .9.! _eA,(]9s4) 

have lndicated thai heat str6s6 roduced 6Ag 6n€1-r ttrlcknsgs i! 

hehs. fh6 thinnl.g of e6a Eh€tts und€r !€ar stss6 was plobably 

due to roduced catcluo iEta&s by the !u1l6t6 lsadilg to lower 

calclun coDtot t. bloo

f1!6i 11rl1th6 irctor in sgg 6het1 fornatloD and calbobat€ 

loD raE th€ 66coDit. 

It a!!ed€ that chalge of aciil-baso balsnce Dreht 

.have decrea€eit the loDized calclD leedod fo! .gA .Aelt fotla_ 

tloD, thu6 leailiDe to tblrDing ol egg sD€tts. Iho leitrceit Eh€ll 

thickn€ss coulit he due to d6p!€€s6il lrr@tlons of ovsJ, @iI 

oviiluct tn putl€te 6*Ios€d to heat et!6s6. It .e6Ee pos61b16 

thai ovalies right have,?6iluceil th€ lomation of cotlag€nou6 

Dete!1al uDiler heat st!€ss. 4!1@ et at. (116) f@!d thst 

d*leased 6aa dre11 tblckness at high taperat reE rds duo to 

-257- 

of chlckB did trot 6ignlflcantty leduce at lOoC teopeiatule 

exposure. Ihe high$t leductton l! s3co.btc acid content *a6 

tound i! duodenal tisEue tolfoved by t1ver, a

lovellne ot the btood ]eve1. the dtBtulled synthesls could be 

due to inadequate 6u!!iy of lrotein required fo! the fomatlon 

of the enzJueB. ThtB v1e, is Brllorted by floolhead ud CloE€ 

'(19?O) vho obtse.ved that ascolblc acid sJnrnesizln8 nechanlseE 

rn the cblcketr oay be inadequate o. itefective durilA leriods of 

Br!e6a, dd unde! the6e conditiobs fovr camoi EJ.dtheslze 

aEcorblc aeid iu adequate @ounts (!e1i ana rle€ne, 19?l). tn 

lnoufficiert sull)ty of htlientg (plotein) ad deficiercy of 

vrtein E ca ir:.,iblt the lyntheBis of dcolbic acld ad sn 

uasequate 6u!p1y of p!ot6i! for a lona rme letluced the concen- 

tratlon of @zlaes (chadlasekbare et a.r., 1968). nlere! (1959) 

de'donstrated that cort.ico6telone adoinlsrlat1on in cockelels 

had no effect on th€ en.Fe actlvtty of sulo4are Nl'F oxi.lore_ 

ducta!e. Itr6 a.t!n1n1stlatloa did, Lovever, slanllicabtly rertuce 

helatic dd .ena.l dcolbjc acld lev.Is. Thls sullorted th6 

dsumlt1o4 rhdt adlenat coltico€terotde enhece alcolblc acr:d 

utillzation o! leduce t.tssue u!ta!e, uhtle, hot dlreily 

affectlns asco.bic acld 6}rthesis (radue, 19s7).Colticot.olhin 

reduced kidney dd adlonat dcortrc 41d contont of chlckend 

(c016tarin, 1979 ). 

gddline,hteh elyironnehial tdnt)elalure ad sidvatton 

.tr€s i6 repolted to decreaFo ti.eue ascorbic acld fevel of

-259- 

bllds (!Ieend, 1967 dd syke6, 1973). I'lartld 6dd lolda (191?) 

dd zook dd shdp1e36 (1918) oberv€d that hylellyfeita 

itrducod by high environnenta.l temleratu!6s incleaF€d the !€qui!e- 

;ent ol alcolbic actd a! lnterpfeted by declea€ed tiBsue conlrent 

of guthealiga subj€cted to stillciaf teve!, unde.6t!e36lul 

conditton6 aacorblc ecld lloductio:l 16 uot at it6 ndlDu becaude 

of 1ncleaaed tuln ove! dd relatlveLy hlgh tlesue doEad ( Uegge! 

et a1., 1984). xolb (1987) corclu( ed that a6colbtc acld con6um!- 

tlon 1n the adlena.lB (tor ltrcrealld synthesle of gluco- 

codicosteroids) aDd other tis8ue6 1nc!e3!etl under 3t!€3fu1 

coDdltionE. It ha6 been indlcalred that dcoltlc acid 16 alao 

requir€d to! the synihe8is ol adlenal oeduUay bof,ones (ldnes 

and (odicek, 1972 aid Gubsalu€ 6t al., 19?5). 

The ld8hest concontlatlon of dcolhic acid taa loud 

ia th€ adrenal ttsguee (965 to 1047 uslsE) ol b1!d3 3nd the 

lowest vas in the kidreJts (94-119 uslgin). Such a sEcat variatton 

1n dcolbic acid cotrtent of the ti6suee Ea plobably due to 

dlll€rence ot Detabouc actl!it1€6. It hat leen 6hom that 

adlenals ard pituitdJ contain tbe hlgheet conceolraiio4 ot 

aacorblc aeid (l,und dd veAAe!, 19eo), o8e! (1955) €tsted that 

a8corbic acid o..urs ln th6 Aroatert conc€trtlatlo! ih ti6.ueg

BIJOOD OIUCqJD INX. CITRIC ACID 

1he yorng Lhr.\E sd lruels of t,9B ard rll,9 bleede 

er,lbrted c Blsnrflcan! (plo.ol) Mc!€ele u blood 81uco6€ 

dd cltltc acld levelE, vhen exlosed ro for (rooc) teDlelatur6 

Etreaa fo! a leliod of tvo ueeks. Ihe elevatlon of tempelature 

to ,9oC for sub€equent 5 v6eks caused a afthe! 6isni{1cant 

(PL0.01) declede of uood s1u.o66 dd clillc actd conc€4rla_ 

tior of chicka 4d lutIets. these ttldirss de rd agreeDent 

rlrh thoae of Rodbdit dd Co1d6lein (1950), tl1t (1961), dlti 

:l 31. ( 1961) dd lteetrcod (19?6) vho !e!o!red that beat 

alreas lncleaaed blood Clucose slil c1tlic acld tevels of blrds. 

chahaboltr dd sadhu (19s1) ob6,averr thsr hear srres6(44 g joc) 

fo! tvo houE 1trc.eased blood aluc.se teve.L of pigeoD6. leat 

atreaa haB atso been shovn to cause hJf)elglyc4ia in lat€ 

(Holvath @d colve1], 19?l). rt ha6 been sqoE rhat rrJectloc 

oJ lcTtsr exloEur: of blrds to shalrine o! ro bfectlons lerntted 

i! an enhaced gtycenla ad a declealed corc@tlatroh ol 

slycose! lb th€ llver (Jusktevlcz et €1., 1954). 

Trie highe! btood gtuco6e teyel of chick€ ait luttets 

exlo8ed ro heat 3t!€3 ,as bo6t lrobably due to hJ'drott€j3 of 

glycoaen EE a lesurt of incleded body teDlelaturo. loupr(1956) 

obsewed that blood glucose tevels of chrces lere corlelated

-261- 

vith altelatlohe in body tdpsatura. taerrcod (196t) ha! 

ildicated that lncreaEe 14 body tmlelature ol lilitE i.ncreased 

hepatlc cdbohJdrate leaction !ate6 leadbg to hyiboly6ls of 

dlycoseh ad a 6ub3€quent hy!6lstyc€nla. sarelvood (19?5)found 

thai hJ?ertheloia (rhen YaAi se toiact) caused \yp€lgtycenia. 

IncleeBed btood etucoEe co4c6ntlation ltrduced by heat stleEs 

x€aulied in s dec--eale ol nyocddiel €nd skel€tar Nscr6 gtyco- 

sen in rat€ (Ho$ath ad col{el], 19?r) drt of hepattc glycosu 

ii plaeoo8 (Chaklabolty dd gadhu, l98J). 

Ahotbef plobable leaEon of hypergtyceoia 1n bIlds 

exlo€ed to heat 3tre66 could be glucotreogeue8l6 caused by inc!€a- 

sed output oi adfena.l gluc oc ortic oid6 . the ll!d6 corEurod tess 

feed I)efhap€ due to loveled !|{R of hJ?otreld€I o!isi!. To neet 

the c€lolic !€quireo€nt, lody fat .r ploteln stoles {l,ght bave 

been u6ed aa a subtlate fo! glucon€oaenetic actlvity. [htttov 

(1965) 6uege8ted tbat by!€rCyceola and glycog€nic eff€cts .l 

cortlco6temne dc dehydlocorticostclone va6 due to convelsion 

plotei! Bub3tiate to cdbohydlare (slucoreogdeslB) a! v.u 

rlue to au8rented hexo8e lhodlhatale activtty, 

tbe !16e in blood cltclc acld coDie.t of btlds und€! 

heai .tle36 ePle€rs to be dle to delfe.Bed thFoid actlvlty 

re8ulting in leduced otygen teNion leadjle to blockirg ot the

-262- 

citlic acid cycte. Ih€ othe! pod8ilil1ty seeEs to bo the 

gr€at€! syntheat8 of cltric &ld Loo trr€ plotejrs ca$eit by 

incleared outlut ol co.rlcal hooones. dLLr (1951) ed si]l 

; uI. (1951) ob€erved that btood c1tlic erd tevel undd heat 

6tre66 incleaEed due to btockba oi the cit lc a.1d cJrcl€ or 

due to 1t5 .yDtt€s16 froo Dlotelm!. Irc.esed Uood cltrtc aclrl 

leve] of chlcketrs follovlnA ce.ta:a 6tre6se6 1s lresuoably 

.elated to th€ !e1ea6e ot aclH and cor+lcal homones (Biu g! el.r 

1961). 

ElIt't4to'JoclcalJ v1llj86 

Healr et!6BB s1gliflcatly decleaEed elyttrocyte count, 

haeooglolin leael and packed c6tt voluo€ of govtng cnicks dd 

!uI]et€. 4he bIlits errosed to beat st!6ss €rh.tblted a si8ntti_ 

cdt (PLo.o]) !i6e in elyrhrocyte Eedloenrarlon r6te. The llhlte 

l,eghoB bilda *.e oore censltive to heat 6tless in leslect of 

red blood ce11 count, haeDoglobin conien.r elyihlocyto set1j6n_ 

tatiob rate (not .jn lultet€ ai tgoc) @d dseoatocrit (onrr in 

!ullet3) tha ISB bids. the6€ lesult€ ae in tin6 eilh fl,ose 

of rtu3ton (1960), Hustoh (1965), noye s! g. (1959), aeat.,n 

.9.! 3!. (1969a, b dd c), rubena gj C!. (19?2), chaudhty aj,d 

slal (197)), vo dd loore (19?5) dd loone (i9?5) rho lelorted 

that heat 6tre.6 darea6ed elytbrcyte Duob*, bs@ogtobin

-261- 

level, .nd haedotoclit dd increeBed elythrocyre s€dlEentstlon 

raie. It haE beei Ehom thai Eedim.rntatton rate irclegsed h 

huoai beins€ dullng hlecrioa dd in d13eseg a66oclated {lth 

i133ue 1nju.y (stulkle ahd criElhge!, j9?6). 

The reductioh ir elythrocyte cout @it ha€Dogtobin 

content of chicka ad !u]tei6 yaa losgibty rlu€ to lo,e!€d orysd 

conaunptiot ol hypothylotdal olialn. Decreased o:yg€n consuop_ 

tton nlght have leduced haeoatolol€tlc aciivlty ot th6 bhds. 

Stulkle ahd orinlnge! (19?6) !e!o!ted that dytbrocyto count 

dd haenoelobin content se jrflu€n.ed by €ge, sex, horoone€, 

hyloxia dd othe! factols. It has been tudlcated tbat at blgh 

arbleDt teeleratule oxygo cohsuElt1on of bt!d6 ledlced lesult_ 

1n8 i! decleaaed plodrction of red blood cetls and haeEoglobi4 

(deFe6sed haeaatDpoletic actlvlty) as a coGeque4ce of toleleal 

bar€l aetabolic lsie (su6toh _9j 9!,, 1962). 

the irclea6ed gedtue4tarlon lare ed ilereaBeo 

haenatoclIt waa no.t !f,obabty due to declease tn celt counts of 

b1!& under heat stle€s. Evidence ha6 beeh !!e6dted lnatlcating 

that the nunber of cells haB trle erealeBt lDftuerce on 6edloeD_ 

tatlon rate &d that cetl size affects 1t to a @ch l€E6d degree 

(stulkie and lexto!, 1960 ard o1tbert, l96s). roye et qr. (1969)

-264- 

indicated that hilds leded ude! cotd envbomertg had blghe! 

haenarocrfta beca,r6e of inclea5ed ,lythrocyte cout sDd 06€! 

ascoRllc tc T-D su?!LF{!I4AJ10X 

Irre Lysl1lu! Silver alack ahd Vfl!:lte tegholn chlcks 

and puuets errFoed to erlsiDatar beat sirese (ro abd ,9oC) 

{e!e supplenehtrerl elth o, 50 4d lDo ng 6!cor!ic acld !s! & 

of feed. Tbe puueto leaed durhg the 6uD@er €ealon (51 to 

45oC) vele erso suplledentod vitb dare 1oe€18 or ascolblc acld. 

Ihe sull)leoenta.l !e3!onse of a€colblc acld Es eeaBued 1n 

tehs of gaelal lelfolodc€ and blood and tissue vltaDln C 

6tatu3. Rectal temleraiule of b1!d6 vas lecoldeil. Ib6 btood 

se!1e5 veae 4e1y6ed for gluco6e, rhofe6telo1, calciuE and 

cltlic acid, Eeeoatological er@ilatlon ,a! atso cdlj.ed out. 

oat{ER{r, rRloBualtcE 

iEcolblc acld 8u!!teEenta!,on slgnificatty lncfea€ed 

velaht ealn @d feed comlnltion and tbllove@ent Has nottc€d in 

efrlc,d.r of feed uulizat,on (feed/rg gain) in cbicka er!;sed 

to 1o{ (rooc) €rd hlsh (t9oc) topelatule st esB, .[ sraalficabr 

(1L0.01) reductlon in rectat teopelatule of the chick! eas found 

{hen €ulltenehted wlth aacorbic ac1d. roth the sulllement€I

-265- 

level€ (50 dd 1oo Es a6colbic aci,L/xg or feed) had sisntflcdt 

effect on {eight galn, feed elllclency dd lectal terpolatuae 

of bhds at lOoC. goveve!, 1o{ level of aEcorblc acld d1d noi 

dienificdtly lntrove {eight ea1n, feed i4ts.ke dd €fficlency 

of feed utllizatlon of ch1ck6 exlosed to trtgh teDleratule stlese. 

the bette! ettect ot 6sco!b1c ecid srpptdehtatton ih ieslect of 

feed intake dd lecteL teoleratule caB Jound ln WEH than that of 

Ihe 8ulplenental aBcolbic acid elenlfjcetly (PLO.O1) 

tncr€ded feed co;rsubpt-tonr ea8 production, e88 vei8ht, sheu 

Heiaht dd 6tre1l thicllre6s in lulrets erlDsed to ell)eljoental 

Brless. Ihe feed conve!61on etfictency (feeit 

dozen esaE ) of pultet8 subjected to €ummex dtless dlgniflc@tly 

(?/ O.O1) loploved vhen sulplenented wltn ascolDic eid.A€corbic 

acid did lot sigxificdtly iDplo?e €fficlorcy of fe€d utitlsatlon 

in I)ullets at looc tenpelature erFosure. rrle body relgbr oJ 

lutlets exlo6ed to exlellnental heat Erre6s d1d not signlflcdtly 

llclede by dietsJ ascorblc acld, hoveve!, lody veleht of pulletg 

exloaed to eunme! srre€6 Elsnlflcahtty (!Lo.o1) jlcleased due to 

eupllenentation. tddition of dcolbic acld in the ra.rod slgnlfi_ 

cantly (rL0.01) loveled lectal teDlelatule of lul1ers erlosed io 

erperlmental tenleratlre o! to 6uEde! 6trEss. Ihe {fit rDuet6

-266- 

e;!o6ed to slnne! .t!€8. .hof.d s bEttet le€lonse tovatdo 

suplleoent5tlon tban Is! 1n ieloE ol te€d etf1c1€$cv' streu 

reight, 6h611 thickness and r€ct6l teop6!6tu!6. lb1le 

iDFoveFent ln egg ploduction and Ie€d lntake raa sborn bv 

ISa l)!11et3. 

Thontoh sd nor4s (1958 arld 1959) dil !e!ek and 

rendle. (1962) arso r€port.d that sBcolbtc Bcld 1nc'€a6ed toerl 

consuDptlon of ltrds uder beat Etrd6. lhe loproveoert io 

f€e

-261- 

and Peebles dd Brake (1985) vho r€ported lnlloveoent 1n lodv 

veisht and €gg lloductlon of blrds Eull1en€nted vlth aecolblc 

acid unde! heat 6t!e68. Ihe beneflalal eflect of aacolblc acld 

125 to loo nslf,s) on eaa pxotluctlon has been obgelved o! qult€ 

a nmb€r of occaoiolB (Perek ald X€ndte!' 196f; Popr avskLl 

9j ar_., 1974 ed PeebleB ad eake, 19s,)' 

the otflciercv of leed utl-ttzati'on va! lolEovod oo6t 

I)robably due to 1mploveoent in velght galn of cllicks ahd ea8 

lroduction tn !u]let€. the 6im11ar lnlloveoelt ln fe€d cona€!_ 

sion efficiency of ctlicks ad pdlet6 have be@ relolied bv l'11 

dd lahiD utrah (19?o), ledev :l 91. (1975)' leletit6kaJa and 

culaldov (19??), ?ardue g! al' (198r) ard Nioku (1986)' 

&eduction in r€ctaL tem!€latur€ of chicka !d lultetd 

sullLef,€nted wlth aEcolbic acid utdsr lreat gtress have been 

relorted !y c!in€6 ald l4orene (1965), Abnad g! 31. 

(196?) sd 

ryle.dd lloleng (1963). Ease (19J9) ha! 6hor€d that ascolblc 

acid culbed the rise ir bodv Itemp.latute oi !ats' citinealteF 

dd labbit6 lnduced by dtugs dd by h18h envllomenti{ tebnele_ 

ture, Tholnton (1962b) etated thai nalntendce of a no!m51 bodv 

tenlerature touowing an incr.as€ o! declede tn dviromental 

tempeiatule M! lacilitated !y sacolbic acld dullleostation in

chick€ne. The derrle€olon in rectar tenteratule of btldE under 

heat st!e33 {a3 lrobably due to e:fect ol aacolblc a.ld oD 

heat lloducihg chenica.l leactlom rlthia th6 body. tb13 effect 

id pelhala nediated tiEougb the adlead. lhe efleci of ascor- 

bic acld on body tenlelatule hae b€en attliht6il to 1tE aclrlon 

on the adlenal c.,rtetr of the bild€ (IhoFto., 1962b), yhittor 

et a.l.(1964) toutrd th&t tolelance .t hyleithernla {aa AB8oclated 

v! Lb an ircreale Ir csdir output dulire hylelrhpmia. 

The ilndibgs oi the plesent study have beeb colrobola- 

ted by thonton (1959), lerek €!d (endle! (1952), E]-Boushy 

(1966), A1r 4d labin ullah (1910), pollavak! et al, (19?4), 

lddey et al. (1975), 01uyeb1 and ,{d6bEnjo (1978) dd !€eues 

atrd &ake (194r) rtro tndicated iopmroodt tb 6gC *lAht, 6h611 

v-isnt ano Feg Ehe - rnicr"ss ln uj cds sulpleDenLed vr!h 

alcorblc acld under beat streaa. lhe 1nclede i! egg eeiabt 

!d oo8t lrobably due to lncrea6e in shett velAht of eagE. It 

seebs poBBMe that arcolbic acld oieht have aIBo hcleaaed 

the albuoen cofrpohent of esga under deat stless. laraf f! 9!. 

( Igsr) foud LhaL a6colbic djd thcreale.t albue. relght of 

eags. th€ ioprovenent ln 3he1t thickne8d ea! llobably due t! 

increased calciun intake d a .e6utt ot greate! quetlty of 

leed conauned by the 3lpplemet6d !u1tet6. Th$ oight have

-269- 

lncreaaed aelun catciln tevet of Eu!!leoented Iluuet6 !€sultlns 

i! rncleaaed avallability of c6fc1!n lons lor 6bet1 fomatlon, 

tbus, leadinA to jncleased sheu thicloess. It has beeh sbo,n 

that a8corbic acid lncreas€d ltasna calclu@ tevels of teyelg 

Eubjected to hear 6rless (!1_!oushy, 1966). lhomion (1958)dd 

I6se C! gl. (1979) relorred rhat ac.orblc acr.l inclealed irood 

c€lc.luE tevel of oate chickE ad dces, tt 6een6 loseibte that 

arcorblc acld olghr have incleded tutestinal absorllion ot 

.afcium. Morcos 9i e!. (1975) tound rhar dcorDrc acid enhsnc ed 

calcluh abeorption th the enetl irtestile ot !at6. 

ln shell rhicknes6 ha6 beer ascrrbed 

to ascorbic acid vhlcb he1!s ln the,otuanlon of noluat coltage! 

D the eland ceUs of tbe 

actd 18 requiled fo! tbe 

ovary. It ha! bee[ €tated that ascolbic 

fomatlon ald oainten&ce ot noeal 

coliasen (Bou&e, 1951). r3colblc acid iE lnvolved l! the fona- 

tlon ot cotlagen by cataty6irg the hydlorytarlon of plottne 

(l4a!eon, r95?). !dke! &d sende! (1932) 6tared rhat dcorbare 

i3 8!€ciflca.lty lequired fo! tbe hldroxytation ot plol1ne and 

lyajj" re6ioues M collasa synthesr6 ed other reducrng agerts 

cdnot be aubatituj,ed for ascolbate lq thls reaciion. 

the cosl ot Fgg oloduc-io, conslderaoly decl€ased _h 

sulllenented luuets dullng suonei, leedinS cost in the putlets

-210- 

treated litb a€corbic acid vas hiahe! thah i! the contlo1 btld€ 

becanso of lncleaFed feed lntake ed cogt ot Eup!1ene!tat1o4. 

Hoveee!, th€ gleate! Dnber ol eggF ploduc€d bv the sulpl€nent€d 

puuete love!€d the cost ol lroduction, the €1e11d linding6 

have been !e!o!tod by lli ait lah1n 01tab (19?O). 

pnAsuA tl{D tlssu! AscoRBlc acrD l.Evlls 

Isco!b1c acid su!!leDentatlon 3l-enlficdttv irlloYed 

I)la6ma and tlseue ascorbic acld 1evel6 of chicks 4d Pultete 

e:losed to €xlerhetrtat heat or to .uoEer at!e6s. Ilish t6fe1 of 

gupplenentatton va! tound to have greate! €fleci on plasoa 

ascorblc acid colcentration of btCc etpoEed io high tebl)elatufe 

(r9oc) or to 6ume! stress. loth ot the dulgfeoental 1etele 

eienificartly 1nclealed liver, duodenal od adfena.1 aBcorblc 

acid content of chlcks and I)ull€te, hoteve!, 10{ tevel of 

dcorbic acld had non-sie4iiicalt etfsct on .lcorblc &1d 

content oi the reiaf tlssue. Better !€8!ome to{dd3 aacorblc 

acid suppteoentatlon vas shovr by {t'H b1!& d codpderl to Ml 

in !e6!ect of !1434a and tiEsue (duodensl, ljver dd adrenal ) 

dcorbic acid 1€ve13. 4sco!b!c acld EuPllehentation h* been 

lhom to incleale blood dd tissue aEcolbic acld leaelF of 

chlckens (gelllck and [ockel3, 1959i Do!! and Nockel8, 1971i 

rrlsheikhov 9! 4., 1976i ncco*le g! gl,, l98o ard ?ddu6 4 31.,

1984). 

_211_ 

the ibcleaBe 1n !1€EEa and ti€€ue aacolbic acld concab- 

of bl!d6 u€s nost Piobably 

Yitdin (chattelJee, 196?). 

{tue to exogenous adnlnls tlatlon 

unde! theloat 6tre6E ascolbtc 

acld fequlledetrt! de incleaseil ed leed *as bet !v dietalv 

BLOOD onucosx !l{! c1rRIC Aort 

The blo.tl glucoBe ;nd citric acld teve18 of iB €rxr 

wlH chicks arit lullets srcnlficantlv (r/-o 01) decreasod vhen 

eul8enented {ith aBcorblc acld undet exlellnent4l h€at o! amEer 

EtlesE, the hlgh Levef of escolbic acld hail stg4lflc€ntlv beite! 

etf€ct on blood gtucos€ and citllc acld €ontelt€ of bir& than 

lou level of 6ulllerdtation. lt hlgh (lgoc) t4lerature 6tleB6 

50 ms of ascolbic acld did not sig.iflcdrttv love! blood glucoEe 

concentration of chlcke. ascorllc acid sulltenentatlo4 bad letter 

eifect jn mu bird6 as coopaled to iB due to greate! senBttlvltv 

of fi,H breed tovards heet st!es6. the dec!€ale in Urod gluco8e 

dd cltrlc er

-272- 

tennelatue in .uUneDented biads, tb16 Diaht hare itecles6d 

hepatic carbohydlate rea.tlon !ate. leadtng to rgiluced g1l..o- 

eenolytic activity, !ou!t (195e) baa lndlcated tbat blood 

glucoBe levels vole cor!61ated {ith a1t6!at1on6 t! body idp.- 

latule. IL hd been shodn lhsu h$otherels decles!ee btood 

alDco.e tevel or blxdB (n@elmod, j9?6) @d 6!co.bic acrd 

lrevent€ the decfede of oxygen consunltlon 1n btrds throlgh 

it€ action on rhe thtDoid (tbonton and uo.@8, 1959). 

It har be@ shom ihat .,Eco!!lc acld deftuiency 

inclesled blood Aluco8e t.v6t of gulnealtgE (S1gat sd rin8, 

1916) dd ope.atlon of tlrcsborJrtic aclrt cyc16 |aB affectotl 

(rakeda ad Hda, 1955 dd cdgutl €nd !de!Jee, 1961). 0he 

oe!!e38ed ituu11n conrdt ol the lecleatic tissu€ has bee! 

obselvod in sculvy (Baa€lJeE @d c,bosb, 1946 ad 194?). rh6 

decleaaed in6uun contert mE thouAht to !e .tue to deralgeEat 

ot the B-cel18 of rhe ulet6 ot r,eaelbals (Bs.!Jee, 1914), 

carguti dd seorJee (196j) leporteil that defrciency of ascolblc 

acid in euuealla3 distulbed e.zrDe activlty ot.glycotytic cycle 

dd oxidatton ot grucose {aB sffected. Ihe dlsturbd.e in the 

citllc eid cycle ha! b6en found to be at the enzjre tevel 

(4akeda dd uds, 1955).

trl'll,lAtOIOGICli, VILUIS 

-27)- 

ABco!blc acid sulplomentatlon ca\$ed 

ihclease In elythlocyte count, ha€ooglobln content and lackod 

ce11 voluEe (non-siSDiiicet effect at ,9oc 1D Purlets) ol 

chick€ and pullets lleviously derEcsaed du. io etleriD€ntal 

heat or to suomer stres6. R.ythrocyi. o€dl4entatlor rate ot 

birns decleesed rhen sulllemehted vlth aacorbic acid udet 

exlerinental heat o! €uooe! et!e36, loth th€ 8u!p1eoenta.1 t6v6Lg 

had signlflcst €lfect on the abole b€ntiohed !dd. te!B, hot€ver, 

10{ 1evel ot ascolbic eid did not.ignltlca.tty ilcrease 

haenatocltt valud of I)uUets subJecied to biAh teeF€ratule 

stless, lgcolbic acid hait sreate! effect on haeDatological va1u6 

ol vIJH b1!ds 68 conlared to IsB. Bo{ev€r' llLH dd IS! pulleig 

diffexed non-Elgntflcdtty fro@ ea.h othe! ltr re6!ec! of e!v_ 

tbxocyte 8€dimentetlon late at hi8h teoleraiure al!es6. 

l,llski and xratzer (19?6) end rhau8ioY (1982) !e!o!ted 

that ascolblc 4id incteded red blood ceII coui6 ald haeeoSlo- 

lin levet oi ducb ard chick. 4he inplov€4ent i! ervtblocvte 

count aid haemoglobln content r4 lo8Elbly due to effect of 

dcorbic acld on thJToid actlalty ol b1!d8 le€ulthg In jnc!€436d 

baeoatol)olesis. lholhton dil lloreng (1959) have indicaied thet 

ascorbic &1d !!.vented reducilon ol orySen conBupiion ln bbds

dulhc euhoer throuSh 1t6 actloh cn tbe thyloid. lhe 6ff€ct 

on haemoglobin crntent of 

lncleaBeil iron abnolpiion 

iud !ehde!, l9e2) ]€ad1ns 

cbicl.\6 could hete beea due 1, 

({asne! -rnd lolke.8, 1964 end Br!"ke! 

to enhanced haeo folnalrion and 

flnalty ereate! 6ynth6iE of baeDostobln (creehberg 9l €r.,1957 

dd coldbers, 196l), lt11ne ad ooaJe (19a0) obselrod that lnte!- 

actlon anong alcorblc acld, colper ed j,.on influd(:es noloat 

haenl fomation thlough tbe oxidatlon/!6duction of ilon rlthort 

o! {1th leeulating llon absolption and avaitabitlty at th6 gut 

The effeci ot scollic acid on elytblocytd B€dlDentatlon 

lste dd haeoatocliiB {as !!o!a!ly due to 1nclease in erytbrocyte 

nunbex of bid6. laBu 9! g!. (1979) have lndicareil that aecorblc 

acld eulllenentatlon lncreaBed packed c6U rotu4e 1! gulnea!:igB. 

lhe coopafiEon betreen triat8 rade uder blgh ex!er.t- 

Denial teoperatule (lgoc) ad suoe! 6!!.6s (od.teop - li-45oc 

and nb.teo! = 26-r5oc) levealed thar coDsrabi aililcl€]ly 

lloduced temleratule 6tle8s h.d a oole d€t!&eataf eflect 

lelfolmdce of luuets tha the narulaf E!me! srreEs. th16 coutd 

be due to fluctuatlon in enviloMentat teoleratue drlng the 

It haE been shoM thai blgh €avtlo@ental teopelatule 

had leBB inttuence on production of btld8 wheb da1ly ftuctuattonB

h €nvlrcnmental teDlelature occurod lsqulib et at., 19j9), 

Charduy and Siat (1972) hav6 i4dicat€d ihat b1flIs leared nnd€! 

nightly cooled enriro@eDta pelfoned roU thd ihe pultet€ 

exposed to day €nd nighi su@e! stre66. th16 fuliher shors the 

effect of t@pelatule tlucruatlons. Ihe b1!ds er!o6e.I to sllMe! 

stxeaa ate nole teed/day than ieded unde! conBtdt {rgoo) 

temleratule conditione lebably be(au6e they had an cpprtunlty 

fe6d durirs the coole! hou!6 of ihe bigbt, It 

thelefole, allears that sioulated h66t Et!e6s cotrrtltioE 

(constart ,9oc) ol ihe lres€nt study camoi be substltuted for 

tbe natura.l suooer 6t!e63. Iloreve!, o4e lolDt rhi.h ne€ds to be 

mentioned hele i6 the dltfercnce betved the agd of rhe bifds 

enlloJed fo! the tvo tlials. It seem€ that the geater leductlotl 

tD the lloductio4 of pulletg unde! constEht teDpelatEe condi_ 

t1on6 thd of the Buooer Btless could have beeh due to olde! age 

(4? rIB 27 ,eekE) of the rilde. the 61n11ar vjetr ie herd by llioa 

9! g!. (1976). rhe BubJeci, rhelefore, need6 furiber eq)toration 

betoE Eaking ay geneiatization. 

Heat 6tre6€ like @dy othe! stresses alleas to have 

exetted 1t6 lnftuehce via the hylothalduc. !h€ hyl)othEleus 

!LaJE a loIe in the lecletior of atelto! ltiuftdy tSH ed tCtH. 

Heat 8t!esB, thelefore, 6een6 to lnt]lence thlEoid ad adrenal

actlviiy of b1!d3. 

t@Pelature 6t!e6s 

late rhtch leduced 

r'educed thg 6u!!1Y 

poo! lellonoarc€ of 

lhe decleaaed thylold actlelty due to h:lgh 

resulted itr toreltng of the balaf o€tabollc 

fe€d lniak6 of llrds. tb€ diolnlBhd alPetlt€ 

of enelgy ed othe! nut!16nta !du1t1ng l! 

th€ te@pelatule st!e66 €lso depre66ed d1!ect1y ot 

lndllectly th6 blood calcluo level3 oI cblcks snd tnru€t€ ahd 

thls 6€60. to have st!€cted thel! e6g rsiAht, 3b611 r.lght and 

6h6u thlckne38. Elood and tlseue arcorblc acld corc@tlattod 

decEeaBed plobably due to d16tulbed Bytrtbe€k o! ircreared tl66u6 

ddsds of the v1i@ir. Ih6 r€l,ea€e ot ICIH t oo tbe ant€rlo! 

prtuttaly seeDd to heve ibcle€led lrbe oui$i of coltlcat homone8 

resultlng in hypelgl)ceola ahd i!c!ea!€d blood clt!1c acld levets 

ih.ough gluconeogenlc acilvlty, the deple8seil bedatopoletlc 

activlty of hFothFoldal o!141n atPed6 to bave & de!!e8E1ng 

eftec! on !€d blood c611 count 4d ha€ooeLobi! con_tent of blrd6 

lscorblc acid 8ullleDentatlor durlng beat stre$ s€eDa 

to have IncleaBed the oxyg€n coMuoptlon ot ihe blrd6 leadlna to 

a coDlen6aioly tnc!€a66 t4 food tltal

-277- 

consuEptlon of b1rd3 hcleEBed Ef!@tlng the beBbato!o16613. 

the lIaBDa and tlEEue arcorblc 

lectal tmldatule ras Io{er€d 

o; the adlenal cortex of !i!dE. 

&1d l€vets ee!€ cooPeaEateil arit 

by the &tlon of ascolblc acld 

tbe decleale i4 Eooil 8lrrcosg 

&d citlic acld conteDt ot 6uldeoetrtal birib *aB !6!traF du€ 

to increa6ed feed :intake a6 the enelelr requiteuenl€ of the bl!d8 

olAht have been Det {lthout ouch ot ihe gluco..ogenlc gctivrtv. 

It appe6ls lhat ascorblc acid lighi have r€duc€d th€ ilecli!6 in 

th].!old acilvity of hest streBtsd bltds ot rate of gacorbic actd 

etmthesi,s r€a lnc!€aled uhen tbylolil s.tiYtty raa atimlated. 

ABcorbic actd aDelioraLed ouch of tbe sbleB; relatsd respon6es 

ad considelably .Lo*e!ed the co6t ol .84 production, th.retole' 

lt's irclusloh ln poulily !ai1o!3 du!1ng 6umer uay !e lecomhendsd.

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