Determinants and effects of Venture Capital and Private Equity ...

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Descriptive statistics Table 2 in Panel A, the summary statistics refer to the control sample of SMEs. In Panel B data refer to SMEs that received financing. In Panel C, they refer to the control sample ot large enterprises (defined as those with at least 10 million of total assets). In Panel D data refer to large firms that were financed. A * indicates that a test of the equality of means between the control sample and the backed sample is rejected (at least at 5 per cent). Variable Number of Obs. Median Mean Std. Dev 1° petile 99° petille Panel A: Control sample ‐ SMEs Age 160 20 23,8 14,9 6 94 Sales (€ mill.) 673 12,1 16,2 14,1 0,6 59,8 Ebitda (€ mill) 673 0,9 1,55 21,9 ‐3,3 9,3 Total Assets (€ mill) 673 10,4 14,7 149,0 0,5 71 Equity (€ mill) 673 1,9 3,4 0,0 43,1 19,3 ROE 658 9 11,8 25,9 25,9 91 Intangibles (€ mill) 672 0,1 0,4 10,7 0,0 5,8 Tangibles (€ mill) 673 1,1 2,7 43,3 0,1 23,2 Leverage 673 0,7 0,8 0,17 0,3 0,99 Debt (€ mill) 673 6,3 10,2 12,0 0,3 55,9 Debt short (€ mill) 673 5,5 9,0 115,0 0,0 55,9 Gross margin (€ mill) 673 2,7 4,3 52,5 0,03 33,3 Debt Service (€ mill) 673 0,1 0,3 4,1 0,01 1,87 Corporate Taxes (€ mill) 673 0,2 0,47 7,3 ‐0,02 3,6 Growth 574 7,6 17 62,2 ‐80,3 207,9 Number of employees 648 50,0 85,1 113,2 2 601 Value added x employee 661 51,0 59 37,5 2 263 Capex 527 ‐0,2 39,3 806,0 ‐77 110 Trade Credit 671 97,5 99,0 98,3 0 434 Net profit (€ mill) 654 0,3 0,6 11,1 ‐0,2 4,9 Panel B: backed‐SMEs Age 160 18 21,4* 15,5 2,0 71,0 Sales (€ mill.) 573 13,2 18,9* 180,1 0,0 83,9 Ebitda (€ mill) 572 1,7 2,6* 28,5 ‐1,5 12,8 Total Assets (€ mill) 568 11,9 19,7* 27,0 0,3 141,0 Equity (€ mill) 572 3,1 5,2* 72,7 0,0 31,5 ROE 565 12,9 11,6 59,2 ‐102.7 81,5 Intangibles (€ mill) 567 0,21 1,3* 30,3 0,0 16,4 Tangibles (€ mill) 574 1,4 3,7* 62,8 0,0 25,8 Leverage 571 0,7 0,7* 0,2 0,1 1,0 Debt (€ mill) 572 6,1 9,4* 228,0 0,1 99,0 Debt short (€ mill) 567 5,5 8,9* 131,0 0,0 59,2 Gross margin (€ mill) 572 3,8 6,05* 7,2 63,0 44,7 Debt Service (€ mill) 573 0,2 4,4* 7,2 0,0 3,2 Corporate Taxes (€ mill) 574 0,4 0,66* 8,7 ‐0,4 4,4 Growth 471 10,5 15,6 42,2 ‐92,5 191,2 Number of employees 571 61 107* 13,1 4,0 560,0 Value added x employee 529 56 67* 47,8 0,0 251,0 Capex 449 26 36 71,1 ‐7,9 146,0 Trade Credit 577 109,4 121,1* 150,0 0,0 93,6 Net profit (€ mill) 564 0,3 0,6 13,9 ‐2,0 4,9 - 30 -
Variable Number of Obs. - 31 - Table 2/ctd Median Mean Std. Dev 1° petile 99° petille Panel C: Control sample ‐ Large Firms Age 160 21 24,8 14,9 6 94 Sales (€ mill.) 815 25,8 27,5 15,0 2,2 0,3 Ebitda (€ mill) 815 2,1 29,7 37,0 ‐3,3 18,2 Total Assets (€ mill) 815 23,2 27,5 191,2 6,2 104,0 Equity (€ mill) 815 5,1 7,1 62,8 0,1 34,2 ROE 801 8,0 9,3 21,3 ‐63,0 62,0 Intangibles (€ mill) 814 0,2 0,9 24,0 0,0 13,9 Tangibles (€ mill) 814 2,8 5,5 87,6 0,6 47,8 Leverage 673 0,7 0,7 0,17 0,3 0,99 Debt (€ mill) 815 13,7 18,5 17,3 1,6 86,3 Debt short (€ mill) 815 11,4 16,0 164,1 1,1 84,3 Gross margin (€ mill) 815 5,9 7,4 5,6 0,3 27,7 Debt Service (€ mill) 815 0,3 0,5 5,5 0,1 2,6 Corporate Taxes (€ mill) 815 0,5 0,8 9,2 ‐0,6 2,9 Growth 815 18,7 30,5 351,3 1,2 64,5 Number of employees 786 110,5 134,3 119,1 14,0 783,0 Value added x employee 801 57,0 65,3 37,1 11,0 229,0 Capex 727 ‐1,1 32,8 28,7 ‐84,5 445,5 Trade Credit 815 107,0 120,4 91,0 0,0 463,9 Net profit (€ mill) 796 0,4 0,7 16,8 ‐4,3 6,1 Panel D: backed‐Large Firms Age 160 19 22,4* 15,5 2 71 Sales (€ mill.) 1627 26,1 29,8* 23,8 0,5 99,3 Ebitda (€ mill) 1625 25,7 3,5* 43,1 ‐3,9 20,4 Total Assets (€ mill) 1626 25,0 33,3* 297,2 5,7 146,0 Equity (€ mill) 1626 6,4 9,1* 10,0 ‐0,1 50,4 ROE 1600 7,0 7,1 44,6 ‐0,1 84,0 Intangibles (€ mill) 1625 0,4 3,5* 90,2 0,0 47,8 Tangibles (€ mill) 1624 3,2 6,3* 93,5 0,06 43,6 Leverage 571 0,6 0,7* 0,2 0,1 1,0 Debt (€ mill) 1626 14,7 21,9* 24,2 2,1 129,0 Debt short (€ mill) 1626 11,9 17,2 17,6 1,6 92,8 Gross margin (€ mill) 1625 6,5 8,6* 7,5 ‐0,3 39,9 Debt Service (€ mill) 1625 0,4 0,6* 9,2 0,03 4,0 Corporate Taxes (€ mill) 1627 0,6 0,9 1,1 ‐0,9 4,6 Growth 1627 11,4 13,9 1,8 9,9 17,3 Number of employees 1594 113,0 145* 3,6 9,0 809,0 Value added x employee 1544 60,0 68,13* 4,1 0,0 234,0 Capex 1432 ‐0,1 37,6 38,8 ‐0,8 0,4 Trade Credit 1634 109,5 125,3* 106,6 0,0 466,0 Net profit (€ mill) 1594 0,4 0,6 261,3 ‐6,8 6,2
Page 1 and 2: Determinants and effects of Venture
Page 3 and 4: serve larger established companies
Page 5 and 6: 2. SMEs challenging the financial i
Page 7 and 8: after a merger operation, the porti
Page 9 and 10: that when size of projects becomes
Page 11 and 12: contact between the lead investor a
Page 13 and 14: asymmetric information. On this top
Page 15 and 16: These first arguments already provi
Page 17 and 18: case of turn‐around or buy‐out
Page 19 and 20: described in section 4.1. Finally,
Page 21 and 22: sufficient financial data in the da
Page 23 and 24: equity is 9 per cent; the median ad
Page 25 and 26: Finally, we find Short Debt being n
Page 27 and 28: period of investment and growth. On
Page 29: An overview of the Sample 50 40 30
Page 33 and 34: - 33 -
Page 35 and 36: Variable Age Size Age 1.000 Size 0.
Page 37 and 38: References Aghion P., Bolton P., (1
Page 39 and 40: Gompers P.A., (1995). Optimal stagi
Page 41: Stein J.C., (2002). Information pro

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