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54 = z F ggEE sq 83 d8 89 .1i 1'r !P 8t t? t iB { 4 qqq 9 g Gfr: i; 6 SR 'o. *c -..-;; ;; -iq E 11 qq 1q'1i i$ 9: Bt 3t ia !; Et qq qq iq 4a qe qe qg {q lE qq i{ E4 {q q9 Eq Eq lq qa qi qB iq qg ii qq iq Bq i! 6e lq 3g q{ ia qq Eq i! eglq gq q! iq Eq iE q! qg iq qg {r Ei Eq {q qq !q qi q! q! tq {e iq i! qg !q c! ii qq iE iq lq !6 qt 6q Ei t lf fal la ll l, t2 J, ru :rrxRsiF. HFta.lci I I' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I t I I I t I I t I I I I t I l I plocess independently. consideratlon of, tle theory of open channel flolr, of which overland flow anal gutter flow are typlcal nanlfestations, suggests that the process should inaleed be non-linea!. The application ol ccrtrLlr s!€atly-state flow foruulre to tbe dlmaDlc equation ofr for ldtlance, the non-llncar teservoli, awEtet|t vallou3 va!.ueg fol thc non-lineallty exponent (n = .60) for the l,lannlng ot Rtrtter Fornula anal n = .67 for the Chezy Equati.on, It is of lnterest to see to what extent the alata supports these theoretical conslderallons. me non-lj-nea! reservoi! with tine lag (surface lotrtlng noalel 2) eas useal in conjunctton with the constant. ploportlon loss subr oalel to glve sone lnsight into the best value of the oon-linearity expone[t n. Both surface routing parameters $€re optloised for each event on nine catchDents, and a srnmary of tie results are shoiin in Table 23. Note tiat tiere is consldelab1e scatter in the best n-values (thls ts ro be expected 1n tne llght of the strong interdependency betrdeen n and k observed in section 5.4), but that values seerB ro be ln the range .6 to .9. A alata 6et lras cohplled conslsting of all the optinun surface routing paraeeters for each of tie 146 events together $ith catchnent characterisiics (slope, area, length) and s!o.d chatacte.istica (rainfal] volune, aluration and Baxtrum s-ninute intensity). thts atata set is shovrn in Appendlx D. A part of the correlation rEatrl"x ts reproduced below ln Table 24. TIPLE 24 Correlation matrix for 146-event data set 1€, TIbE OF ENIIY CATCH},IEN'T CHAIAC1ERT STIC S sToR!{ cltdRAclER I StlC S .L1 .15 .L2 - .99 - _45 r't{G11l .35 .23 .22 .34 .12 .11 ,21 _ .18 - .10 - .14 This table confirms that, for all noalels, tie two nost powerful controls of the optiloj.sed palamete! are t-he slope anal Iength of t-he catclment. After t-h€se t!ro, a reglession analysj.s of the aodel paraneler on slope, Iength and M5I (the naxinua s-oinute rainfall intenslty) yj.elds a Stualent's-t stalisC1c that gives sone insight into the significance of the control exerted by r45I. For lhe Nash Cascade and Tine of ErItry nodels (bo!h linea!), tiis analysls denonstrates tnat the M5I !s slgnj.flcant to withln the .Ii leveL. I'or tie reEainCler of the nodels (the llnear reaervoir nay be seen as pseualo-lhear), the l45I is not siqnificant to ltLt-hin tie 2Og level. T'lxis fact reinforces the evldence in support of the non-linearity of the routlng process- Of course, t-l.e M5I could be useal in predlctlve node to further inprove tlxe estlrnatlon . !l .It ,o5
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I CON
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I I 'l I I t I I f I I I t I I T I
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I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I ltr
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Page 25 and 26: I t I I I I I I I t t shlch l,r cqu
Page 27 and 28: I t I I I I I I I I I I I t T I I I
Page 29 and 30: t I 't L - 1.n9th of tlo{ 1r !, k ,
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Page 65 and 66: I I I I I I I T I I t I ! REFEREIEE
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