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72 ACCESS when data retrieval is requlreal. OPTIMA has 2 subroutlnes (AUG & CHANGE), & MoDEL ca1ls upon 7 subrouthea (DsToG, LOSS, RUNoF, GFIT, KWAVE, OltlAND and GUTTER) . AlL line-printe! a6signnents are perforo€d by scRIBE, and E"vENTr ls an oPtlonal routlne which Ptoaluces a Flot of observed ahd nodelled ralnfal1 and runoff on the clllcoMP plott€r. In the f19ur€, the dllecu.on of the arro$s lndlcates whlch of 2 loutines ha6 called the other. coElent catds have beefl ]1belalfy dlstrlbuted Ln each routlne ' FIGURE A] URBAII HYDROLOGY I4ODELLIIS PACKAGE CHANGE OP T I MA lRoscnbrock oft ini- OSTOG LOSS OVL ANO PACKAGE llhstcr routinc: reads run sl)c. ificntions e MODEL (Fodu.cs nDdellcd h\drorraPh + Soidncss ol {rt ohtcctr\e_ frnctlons) KWAVE MAP AUNOF ioiriine suunoder) GFI T GUTTER ACCESS (reco\crs ilata froil SCHIBE (rcrf.rF. all wites_ .;cessec bv PACKqCE, IAP, OPI ITA, CI{ANGE ' TODTL. ) E,vENTl fllots rainfal r_ b) IAC(rGn) I I t I I I I I I I I I I t I I I
t I I I I I I t .t t I t I t I I APPENDIX C : ORBAN RAINTAIL RUNoFT MODELS INIRODUCTI ON The transfornatlon of rainfall (lnput) to rurpff (output) is acconplished by th€ appltcation in serl€s of two sub{ode16i the LOSS sub-nodel and the SiJRFACE ROUTING sub-model. within the coropute! package there exj.st a nusber of these sub'nodels, each one associated with a particular option nrmbe!. Eot any run. tbe values assigneal to these optlon nurDbers speclfy which I,oSS sub-toodel and lrhich SiiJRFAcE RoiJTING sub-model are to be used for fhe rai.nfall/ runoff transfotnRtion. LOSS S'(TB -MODELS The loss sub-$odel deflnes (a) net rainfall 1n nny'hr and {b) contrlbuting area in m2. Some sub-nodels are subdlvided according to the definltion of contributing ar:ea, the roethods f,or calculating the net ialnfall belng identlcal. Thls diviston relates to vhetner the contributing alea is equal to lhe paved area or the total area of the subcatchnent. The sub-division is only retevant to the Blitish data, slnce paved and Cotal area ale the sMe for the Dutch and s\,,edlsh data. The analysis is furth€r divided accolding to whether or not volum€s ale to be forced. Eor any storm event, lainfafl and runoff are observed anal. hence, total rainfall anal totaf runoff are both known. This kno{Iedge will pe'lllt one of the parametets of the loss sub-model to be deEernined rather i:han simply asslgninq a predlctEd vatue to lt. within each submodel there exists a rswitch' optlon which controls whether volumeg are to be forced or lrhether paraneter values are to be asslgned. BeLow is a short descrj.ption of each sub-node1. The sub-nodels ale nuebered accoraiing to thetr option nrDbers. thele foflows a table which srinmalises the model,s and the paranetels lequired for each. 'tl
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