Chromium - The Risk Assessment Information System

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Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Chromium Reference IP Number Study ID Test Organism Soil pH OM% Bioavailability Score ERE Tox Parameter Tox Value (Soil Conc. mg/kg dw) Total Evaluation Score Eligible for Eco-SSL Derivation? Van Gestel et al., 1992 12874 a Earthworm Eisenia andrei 6.7 10.0 1 REP MATC 57 16 Y N Van Gestel et al., 1993 6828 Earthworm Eisenia andrei 6.0 10.0 1 REP MATC 57 12 Y N ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration = geometric mean of NOAEC and LOAEC N = No NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration OM = Organic matter content REP = Reproduction Y = Yes Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (USEPA, 2003) Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (USEPA, 2003) Used for Eco-SSL? Eco-SSL for Chromium 5 April 2008
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate species based on the wildlife exposure model (USEPA, 2003; Attachment 4-1), and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003). 5.1 Avian TRV The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-2) identified 704 papers with possible toxicity data for chromium for either avian or mammalian species. Of these papers, 649 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5. Of the remaining papers, 13 contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4- 4). The results of the data extraction and review are summarized in Table 5.1 for trivalent chromium. The complete results are included as Appendix 5-1. A TRV could not be derived for hexavalent chromium as there were not enough study results to meet the minimum data requirements. The available hexavalent chromium data extracted and reviewed are included as Appendix 5-2. Within the reviewed papers, there are 28 results for trivalent chromium for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH), physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) effects that meet the Data Evaluation Score of >65 for use to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean NOAEL. This mean NOAEL is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5). A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 2.66 mg chromium/kg bw/day. This value is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, or survival (Figure 5.1). Therefore, the TRV is equal to the geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth and is equal to 2.66 mg chromium/kg bw/day. 5.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculation of the Eco-SSL Three separate Eco-SSL values were calculated for avian wildlife, one each for three receptor groups representing different trophic levels. The avian Eco-SSLs for trivalent chromium were calculated according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003) and are summarized in Table 5.2. Eco-SSL for Chromium 6 April 2008
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 5-1 Avi
Page 7 and 8: Chromium speciation in soils is com
Page 9: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Chr
Page 13 and 14: Dose (mg Cr III/kg bw/day) 1000.000
Page 15 and 16: 6.0 ECO-SSL FOR MAMMALIAN WILDLIFE
Page 17 and 18: Dose (mg Cr III/kg bw/day) 10000.00
Page 19 and 20: Result # Table 6.2 Mammalian Toxici
Page 21 and 22: 6.2 Estimation of Dose and Calculat
Page 23 and 24: 7.2 References Used in Deriving Pla
Page 25 and 26: Germination, Seedling Growth and Yi
Page 27 and 28: No Dose Fodor, L. 1998. Effect of H
Page 29 and 30: No Data Kick, H., Nosbers, R., and
Page 31 and 32: No Dose Parr, P. D. and Taylor, F.
Page 33 and 34: Rev Smith, S., Peterson, P. J., and
Page 35 and 36: FL Wang, Y. P. and Chao, C. C. 1992
Page 37 and 38: 347-351. Ref ID: 3729 Jensen, L. S.
Page 39 and 40: 7.5 References Rejected for Use in
Page 41 and 42: expression of the metallothionein g
Page 43 and 44: CP Bantle, J. A., Fort, D. J., and
Page 45 and 46: Rev Bonde, J. P. and Ernst, E. 1993
Page 47 and 48: Herp Calevro, F., Campani, S., Ragg
Page 49 and 50: Agriculture. 1983. the toxicity of
Page 51 and 52: in male reproduction organs. Arch T
Page 53 and 54: in kidneys of cattle, pigsand sheep
Page 55 and 56: Nut Gilardi, James D., Duffey, Sean
Page 57 and 58: Gene Hamilton, J. W. and Wetterhahn
Page 59 and 60: precambrian iron formations. Precam
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Mix Kaalaas, John Atle, Ringsby, Th
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chromium requirements of young bovi
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Rev Lindemann, M. D. a. 1999. chrom
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Diss Mayer, J. 1971. chromium in me
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Unrel Nakada, Setsuya, Bacon, Charl
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Unrel Pankakoski Erkki(A), Hyvarine
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of environmental pollution hazards
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M. Publisher: Spelderholt Inst. Pou
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Drug Smits, C. H., Veldman, A., Ver
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Veterinary Clinics of North America
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growth eye cataracts plasma cholest
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t.(64): 24-8. Gene Zhuang, Zhixiong
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Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
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Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Appendix 6-1 Mammalian Toxicity Dat
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% A
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Appendix 6-2 Mammalian Toxicity Dat
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Result # Ref N. Chemical Form MW% T
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Chromium - The Risk Assessment Information System

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