Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values Volume II

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Magnesium, and Sulfide Concentrations, and Redox Conditions .... 5.12 5.3 Cesium Geochemistry and K d Values ..................................... 5.13 5.3.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ........................................... 5.13 5.3.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.13 5.3.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.13 5.3.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.14 5.3.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.14 5.3.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.15 5.3.6.1 General Availability of K d Data ................................ 5.15 5.3.6.2 Look-Up Tables ............................................ 5.16 5.3.6.2.1 Limits of K d with Respect to pH .......................... 5.18 5.3.6.2.2 Limits of K d with Respect to Potassium, Ammonium, and Aluminum/Iron-Oxide Concentrations .................. 5.18 5.4 Chromium Geochemistry and K d Values .................................. 5.18 5.4.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ............................................. 5.18 5.4.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.18 5.4.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.19 5.4.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.19 5.4.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.20 5.4.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.21 5.4.6.1 General Availability of K d Data ................................. 5.21 5.4.6.2 Look-Up Tables ............................................. 5.22 5.4.6.2.1 Limits of K d with Respect to pH .......................... 5.23 5.4.6.2.2 Limits of K d with Respect to Extractable Iron Content ......... 5.23 5.4.6.2.3 Limits of K d with Respect to Competing Anion Concentrations . . 5.23 5.5 Lead Geochemistry and K d Values ....................................... 5.25 5.5.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ............................................. 5.25 5.5.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.25 5.5.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.26 5.5.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.27 5.5.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.30 5.5.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.31 5.5.6.1 General Availability of K d Data ................................. 5.31 5.5.6.2 K d Look-Up Tables .......................................... 5.33 5.5.6.2.1 Limits of K d with Respect to pH .......................... 5.33 5.5.6.2.2 Limits of K d with Respect to Equilibrium Lead Concentrations Extractable Iron Content .......................... 5.34 ix
5.6 Plutonium Geochemistry and K d Values .................................. 5.34 5.6.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ........................................... 5.34 5.6.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.34 5.6.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.35 5.6.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.37 5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.40 5.6.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.41 5.6.6.1 General Availability of K d Data ................................ 5.41 5.6.6.2 K d Look-Up Tables ......................................... 5.43 5.6.6.2.1 Limits of K d with Respect to Clay Content .................. 5.43 5.6.6.2.2 Limits of K d with Respect to Dissolved Carbonate Concentrations ........................................ 5.44 5.7 Radon Geochemistry and K d Values ...................................... 5.44 5.7.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ........................................... 5.44 5.7.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.45 5.7.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.45 5.7.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.46 5.7.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.46 5.7.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.46 5.8 Strontium Geochemistry and K d Values ................................... 5.46 5.8.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ........................................... 5.46 5.8.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.47 5.8.3 Aqueous Speciation .............................................. 5.47 5.8.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Coprecipitation ............................. 5.48 5.8.5 Sorption/Desorption .............................................. 5.49 5.8.6 Partition Coefficient, K d , Values .................................... 5.51 5.8.6.1 General Availability of K d Data ................................ 5.51 5.8.6.2 Look-Up Tables ............................................ 5.51 5.8.6.2.1 Limits of K d with Respect to pH, CEC, and Clay Concentrations Values .............................. 5.52 5.8.6.2.2 Limits of K d with Respect to Dissolved Calcium Concentrations ........................................ 5.52 5.8.6.2.3 Limits of K d with Respect to Dissolved Stable Strontium and Carbonate Concentrations ................... 5.53 5.9 Thorium Geochemistry and K d Values .................................... 5.53 5.9.1 Overview: Important Aqueous- and Solid-Phase Parameters Controlling Retardation ........................................... 5.53 5.9.2 General Geochemistry ............................................ 5.54 x
Page 1 and 2: United States Office of Air and Rad
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE The following two-volume rep
Page 5 and 6: This publication is the result of a
Page 7 and 8: TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE
Page 9: CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
Page 13 and 14: Appendix C - Partition Coefficients
Page 15 and 16: Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
Page 17 and 18: Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
Page 19 and 20: Table H.4. Look-up table for estima
Page 21 and 22: 1.0 Introduction The objective of t
Page 23 and 24: eviewed. The main focus of Volume I
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 The Kd Model The simplest and m
Page 27 and 28: no longer be used to perform the in
Page 29 and 30: of the velocity of the contaminant
Page 31 and 32: An increasing body of evidence indi
Page 33 and 34: contaminants of interest and the as
Page 35 and 36: dissolved gases and complexing liga
Page 37 and 38: Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
Page 39 and 40: 5.6
Page 41 and 42: 5.8
Page 43 and 44: 5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
Page 45 and 46: 1980). In contrast, zinc almost com
Page 47 and 48: 5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
Page 49 and 50: 5.3 Cesium Geochemistry and K d Val
Page 51 and 52: Cesium may also adsorb to iron oxid
Page 53 and 54: Table 5.5. Estimated range of K d v
Page 55 and 56: ore processing, plating operations,
Page 57 and 58: elow the isoelectric point, the min
Page 59 and 60: Among all available data for Cr(VI)
Page 61 and 62:
5.5 Lead Geochemistry and K d Value
Page 63 and 64:
on dissolution/precipitation of lea
Page 65 and 66:
Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
Page 67 and 68:
A number of studies have confirmed
Page 69 and 70:
Solid organic matter such as humic
Page 71 and 72:
Plutonium is produced by fissioning
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The pe is related to Eh by the equa
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Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
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5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
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conditions depended on the colloida
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5.6.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
Page 83 and 84:
present in vadose zone pore water w
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There is little tendency for stront
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strontium partitions from the disso
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greater than about 10 -4 M, humic s
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Table 5.13. Look-up table for estim
Page 93 and 94:
1976; Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980).
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Table 5.14. Thorium aqueous species
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Figure 5.5 changes slightly in the
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to less than 10 -9 mol/l (0.0002 mg
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Based on the assumptions and limita
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5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
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Uranium(VI) species dominate in oxi
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most natural waters. For waters ass
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U(IV) mineral, is a primary mineral
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Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
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5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
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strong anionic carbonato complexes.
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Elemen t Table 5.18. Selected chemi
Page 119 and 120:
Another objective of this report is
Page 121 and 122:
6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
Page 123 and 124:
Billon, A. 1982. “Fixation D’el
Page 125 and 126:
Chisholm-Brause, C., S. D. Conradso
Page 127 and 128:
EPA/DOE/NRC (Cooperative Effort by
Page 129 and 130:
Griffin, R. A., and N. F. Shimp. 19
Page 131 and 132:
+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
Page 133 and 134:
McBride, M. B. 1980. “Chemisorpti
Page 135 and 136:
Östhols, E. 1995. “Thorium Sorpt
Page 137 and 138:
Rhoads, K., B. N. Bjornstad, R. E.
Page 139 and 140:
Schwertmann, U., and R. M. Taylor.
Page 141 and 142:
Tanner, A. B., 1980. “Radon Migra
Page 143 and 144:
Zimdahl, R. L., and J. J. Hassett.
Page 145 and 146:
APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
Page 147 and 148:
PC Personal computers operating und
Page 149 and 150:
A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
Page 151 and 152:
APPENDIX B Definitions
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Cation Exchange - reversible adsorp
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subbituminous coal. Marl - an earth
Page 157 and 158:
APPENDIX C Partition Coefficients F
Page 159 and 160:
Mean Standard Error Table C.1. Desc
Page 161 and 162:
Figure C.1. Relation between cadmiu
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Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
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Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
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APPENDIX D Partition Coefficients F
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Two separate data sets were compile
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The soil-only data set was frequent
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The high correlations between mica
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D.2.4 Cesium Adsorption onto Mica-L
Page 183 and 184:
Table D.7. Approximate upper limits
Page 185 and 186:
Table D.8. Freundlich equations ide
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Table D.9. Descriptive statistics o
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D.2.6 Approach to Selecting K d Val
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Mica Concentration in Clay Fraction
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) 15200 8440 143 73
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.%) Mica (
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.%) Mica (
Page 199 and 200:
D.4.0 Data Set for Soils Table D.14
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Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
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Li, Y., L. Burkhardt, M. Buchholtz,
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APPENDIX E Partition Coefficients F
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Windsor, and Olivier soils with pH
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Table E.1. Summary of K d values fo
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E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
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Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
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Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
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E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
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APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
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Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
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Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
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F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
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APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
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influenced significantly by the typ
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The Pu(IV) and Pu(V) adsorption dat
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that Pu(IV) adsorption on soils wou
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Table G.1. Plutonium adsorption dat
Page 239 and 240:
KD PH CEC EC DCARB Figure G.1. Scat
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Figure G.2. Variation of K d for pl
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Delegard, C. H. , G. S. Barney, and
Page 245 and 246:
Seattle, Washington, pp. 291-497. B
Page 247 and 248:
H.1.0 Background Appendix H Partiti
Page 249 and 250:
H.2.0 Approach and Regression Model
Page 251 and 252:
strontium K d values, which are cle
Page 253 and 254:
Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
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Table H.4. Look-up table for estima
Page 257 and 258:
H.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils Table
Page 259 and 260:
Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
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H.4.0 K d Data Set for Pure Mineral
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
H.5.0 References Adeleye, S. A., P.
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Satmark, B., and Y. Albinsson. 1991
Page 273 and 274:
I.1.0 BACKGROUND Appendix I Partiti
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Table I.2. Correlation coefficients
Page 277 and 278:
The regression equation between the
Page 279 and 280:
I.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils Figure
Page 281 and 282:
I.5.0 References Ames, L. L., and D
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APPENDIX J Partition Coefficients F
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J.2.1 Sources of Error and Variabil
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Erikson et al. (1993) determined th
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26.1 wt.% plagioclase feldspar, and
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Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
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Sheppard and Thibault (1988) invest
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Warnecke et al. (1986) present an o
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Borovec (1981) investigated the ads
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Table J.2. Uranium K d values liste
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J.3.0 Approach in Developing K d Lo
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at any pH. These estimated K d valu
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The minimum and maximum K d values
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ehavior associated with disposal of
Page 309 and 310:
accompanied by unreacted zeolite. T
Page 311 and 312:
pH Table J.5. Uranium K d values se
Page 313 and 314:
pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
pH U Kd (ml/g) 6.90 1,739,87 7 6.90
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
Page 335 and 336:
Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
Page 337 and 338:
Lindenmeier, C. W., R. J. Serne, J.
Page 339 and 340:
Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
Page 341:
Zachara, J. M., C. C. Ainsworth, J.
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Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values Volume II

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