Understanding Variation in Partition Coefficient, Kd, Values Volume II

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ronald G. Wilhelm from ORIA’s Center for Remediation Technology and Tools was the project lead and EPA Project Officer for this two-volume report. Paul Beam, Environmental Restoration Program (EM-40), was the project lead and sponsor for the Department of Energy (DOE). Project support was provided by both DOE/EM-40 and EPA’s Office of Remedial and Emergency Response (OERR). EPA/ORIA wishes to thank the following people for their assistance and technical review comments on various drafts of this report: Patrick V. Brady, U.S. DOE, Sandia National Laboratories David S. Brown, U.S. EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory Joe Eidelberg, U.S. EPA, Region 9 Amy Gamerdinger, Washington State University Richard Graham, U.S. EPA, Region 8 John Griggs, U.S. EPA, National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory David M. Kargbo, U.S. EPA, Region 3 Ralph Ludwig, U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Irma McKnight, U.S. EPA, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air William N. O’Steen, U.S. EPA, Region 4 David J. Reisman, U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Kyle Rogers, U.S. EPA, Region 5 Joe R. Williams, U.S. EPA, National Risk Management Research Laboratory OSWER Regional Groundwater Forum Members In addition, special acknowledgment goes to Carey A. Johnston from ORIA’s Center for Remediation Technology and Tools for his contributions in the development, production, and review of this document. Principal authorship in production of this guide was provided by the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under the Interagency Agreement Number DW89937220-01-03. Lynnette Downing served as the Department of Energy’s Project Officer for this Interagency Agreement. PNNL authors involved in this project include: Kenneth M. Krupka Daniel I. Kaplan Gene Whelan R. Jeffrey Serne Shas V. Mattigod v
TO COMMENT ON THIS GUIDE OR PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR FUTURE UPDATES: Send all comments/updates to: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Radiation and Indoor Air Attention: Understanding Variation in Partition (K d) Values 401 M Street, SW (6602J) Washington, DC 20460 or radiation.questions@epa.gov vi
Page 1 and 2: United States Office of Air and Rad
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE The following two-volume rep
Page 5: This publication is the result of a
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS NOTICE ...................
Page 11 and 12: 5.6 Plutonium Geochemistry and K d
Page 13 and 14: Appendix C - Partition Coefficients
Page 15 and 16: Figure E.1. Variation of K d for Cr
Page 17 and 18: Table 5.16. Uranium(VI) aqueous spe
Page 19 and 20: Table H.4. Look-up table for estima
Page 21 and 22: 1.0 Introduction The objective of t
Page 23 and 24: eviewed. The main focus of Volume I
Page 25 and 26: 2.0 The Kd Model The simplest and m
Page 27 and 28: no longer be used to perform the in
Page 29 and 30: of the velocity of the contaminant
Page 31 and 32: An increasing body of evidence indi
Page 33 and 34: contaminants of interest and the as
Page 35 and 36: dissolved gases and complexing liga
Page 37 and 38: Element Table 5.2. Concentrations o
Page 39 and 40: 5.6
Page 41 and 42: 5.8
Page 43 and 44: 5.2.4 Dissolution/Precipitation/Cop
Page 45 and 46: 1980). In contrast, zinc almost com
Page 47 and 48: 5.2.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
Page 49 and 50: 5.3 Cesium Geochemistry and K d Val
Page 51 and 52: Cesium may also adsorb to iron oxid
Page 53 and 54: Table 5.5. Estimated range of K d v
Page 55 and 56: ore processing, plating operations,
Page 57 and 58:
elow the isoelectric point, the min
Page 59 and 60:
Among all available data for Cr(VI)
Page 61 and 62:
5.5 Lead Geochemistry and K d Value
Page 63 and 64:
on dissolution/precipitation of lea
Page 65 and 66:
Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
Page 67 and 68:
A number of studies have confirmed
Page 69 and 70:
Solid organic matter such as humic
Page 71 and 72:
Plutonium is produced by fissioning
Page 73 and 74:
The pe is related to Eh by the equa
Page 75 and 76:
Table 5.10. Plutonium aqueous speci
Page 77 and 78:
5.6.5 Sorption/Desorption Plutonium
Page 79 and 80:
conditions depended on the colloida
Page 81 and 82:
5.6.6.2.2 Limits of K d Values with
Page 83 and 84:
present in vadose zone pore water w
Page 85 and 86:
There is little tendency for stront
Page 87 and 88:
strontium partitions from the disso
Page 89 and 90:
greater than about 10 -4 M, humic s
Page 91 and 92:
Table 5.13. Look-up table for estim
Page 93 and 94:
1976; Cotton and Wilkinson, 1980).
Page 95 and 96:
Table 5.14. Thorium aqueous species
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 5.5 changes slightly in the
Page 99 and 100:
to less than 10 -9 mol/l (0.0002 mg
Page 101 and 102:
Based on the assumptions and limita
Page 103 and 104:
5.10 Tritium Geochemistry And K d V
Page 105 and 106:
Uranium(VI) species dominate in oxi
Page 107 and 108:
most natural waters. For waters ass
Page 109 and 110:
U(IV) mineral, is a primary mineral
Page 111 and 112:
Percent Distribution 100 80 60 40 2
Page 113 and 114:
5.11.6 Partition Coefficient, K d ,
Page 115 and 116:
strong anionic carbonato complexes.
Page 117 and 118:
Elemen t Table 5.18. Selected chemi
Page 119 and 120:
Another objective of this report is
Page 121 and 122:
6.0 REFERENCES Adriano, D. C. 1992.
Page 123 and 124:
Billon, A. 1982. “Fixation D’el
Page 125 and 126:
Chisholm-Brause, C., S. D. Conradso
Page 127 and 128:
EPA/DOE/NRC (Cooperative Effort by
Page 129 and 130:
Griffin, R. A., and N. F. Shimp. 19
Page 131 and 132:
+ Keeney-Kennicutt, W. L., and J. W
Page 133 and 134:
McBride, M. B. 1980. “Chemisorpti
Page 135 and 136:
Östhols, E. 1995. “Thorium Sorpt
Page 137 and 138:
Rhoads, K., B. N. Bjornstad, R. E.
Page 139 and 140:
Schwertmann, U., and R. M. Taylor.
Page 141 and 142:
Tanner, A. B., 1980. “Radon Migra
Page 143 and 144:
Zimdahl, R. L., and J. J. Hassett.
Page 145 and 146:
APPENDIX A Acronyms, Abbreviations,
Page 147 and 148:
PC Personal computers operating und
Page 149 and 150:
A.3.0 List of Symbols and Notation
Page 151 and 152:
APPENDIX B Definitions
Page 153 and 154:
Cation Exchange - reversible adsorp
Page 155 and 156:
subbituminous coal. Marl - an earth
Page 157 and 158:
APPENDIX C Partition Coefficients F
Page 159 and 160:
Mean Standard Error Table C.1. Desc
Page 161 and 162:
Figure C.1. Relation between cadmiu
Page 163 and 164:
Cd K d (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt%) pH C
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
APPENDIX D Partition Coefficients F
Page 175 and 176:
Two separate data sets were compile
Page 177 and 178:
The soil-only data set was frequent
Page 179 and 180:
The high correlations between mica
Page 181 and 182:
D.2.4 Cesium Adsorption onto Mica-L
Page 183 and 184:
Table D.7. Approximate upper limits
Page 185 and 186:
Table D.8. Freundlich equations ide
Page 187 and 188:
Table D.9. Descriptive statistics o
Page 189 and 190:
D.2.6 Approach to Selecting K d Val
Page 191 and 192:
Mica Concentration in Clay Fraction
Page 193 and 194:
Cesium Kd (ml/g) 15200 8440 143 73
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Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.%) Mica (
Page 197 and 198:
Cesium Kd (ml/g) Clay (wt.%) Mica (
Page 199 and 200:
D.4.0 Data Set for Soils Table D.14
Page 201 and 202:
Cesium K d (ml/g) Clay (wt%) Mica (
Page 203 and 204:
Li, Y., L. Burkhardt, M. Buchholtz,
Page 205 and 206:
APPENDIX E Partition Coefficients F
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Windsor, and Olivier soils with pH
Page 209 and 210:
Table E.1. Summary of K d values fo
Page 211 and 212:
E.2.0 Approach The approach used to
Page 213 and 214:
Table E.3. Estimated range of K d v
Page 215 and 216:
Table E.4. Data from Rai et al. (19
Page 217 and 218:
E.4.0 References Davis, J. A. and J
Page 219 and 220:
APPENDIX F Partition Coefficients F
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(CEC) of the soils. Such an anomaly
Page 223 and 224:
Table F.1. Summary of K d values fo
Page 225 and 226:
Figure F.2. Variation of K d as a f
Page 227 and 228:
F.4.0 References Abd-Elfattah, A.,
Page 229 and 230:
APPENDIX G Partition Coefficients F
Page 231 and 232:
influenced significantly by the typ
Page 233 and 234:
The Pu(IV) and Pu(V) adsorption dat
Page 235 and 236:
that Pu(IV) adsorption on soils wou
Page 237 and 238:
Table G.1. Plutonium adsorption dat
Page 239 and 240:
KD PH CEC EC DCARB Figure G.1. Scat
Page 241 and 242:
Figure G.2. Variation of K d for pl
Page 243 and 244:
Delegard, C. H. , G. S. Barney, and
Page 245 and 246:
Seattle, Washington, pp. 291-497. B
Page 247 and 248:
H.1.0 Background Appendix H Partiti
Page 249 and 250:
H.2.0 Approach and Regression Model
Page 251 and 252:
strontium K d values, which are cle
Page 253 and 254:
Table H.3. Simple and multiple regr
Page 255 and 256:
Table H.4. Look-up table for estima
Page 257 and 258:
H.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils Table
Page 259 and 260:
Sr K d (ml/g) Clay Content (%) pH C
Page 261 and 262:
H.4.0 K d Data Set for Pure Mineral
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
H.5.0 References Adeleye, S. A., P.
Page 271 and 272:
Satmark, B., and Y. Albinsson. 1991
Page 273 and 274:
I.1.0 BACKGROUND Appendix I Partiti
Page 275 and 276:
Table I.2. Correlation coefficients
Page 277 and 278:
The regression equation between the
Page 279 and 280:
I.3.0 K d Data Set for Soils Figure
Page 281 and 282:
I.5.0 References Ames, L. L., and D
Page 283 and 284:
APPENDIX J Partition Coefficients F
Page 285 and 286:
J.2.1 Sources of Error and Variabil
Page 287 and 288:
Erikson et al. (1993) determined th
Page 289 and 290:
26.1 wt.% plagioclase feldspar, and
Page 291 and 292:
Kd (ml/g) 100,000 10,000 1,000 100
Page 293 and 294:
Sheppard and Thibault (1988) invest
Page 295 and 296:
Warnecke et al. (1986) present an o
Page 297 and 298:
Borovec (1981) investigated the ads
Page 299 and 300:
Table J.2. Uranium K d values liste
Page 301 and 302:
J.3.0 Approach in Developing K d Lo
Page 303 and 304:
at any pH. These estimated K d valu
Page 305 and 306:
The minimum and maximum K d values
Page 307 and 308:
ehavior associated with disposal of
Page 309 and 310:
accompanied by unreacted zeolite. T
Page 311 and 312:
pH Table J.5. Uranium K d values se
Page 313 and 314:
pH U Kd (ml/g) Clay Cont. (wt.%) CE
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
pH U Kd (ml/g) 6.90 1,739,87 7 6.90
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
J.6.0 References Ames, L. L., J. E.
Page 335 and 336:
Erikson, R. L., C. J. Hostetler, R.
Page 337 and 338:
Lindenmeier, C. W., R. J. Serne, J.
Page 339 and 340:
Sheppard, M. I., and D. H. Thibault
Page 341:
Zachara, J. M., C. C. Ainsworth, J.
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