Zinc - The Risk Assessment Information System

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Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Data - Zinc Reference IP Number Study ID Soil pH OM% Test Organism Bioavailability Score ERE Tox Parameter Tox Value Total (Soil Conc at Evaluation mg/kg dw) Score Eligible for Eco-SSL Derivation? Used for Eco- SSL? Smit and Van Gestel, 1996 7869 b Springtail Folsomia candida 6.0 3.0 1 REP EC50 185 15 N N Neuhauser et al., 1985a 17707 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.0 10.0 1 MOR LC50 232 14 N N Conder and Lanno, 2000 46691 Earthworm Eisenia andrei 6.5 10.0 1 MOR ILL 631 16 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000a 53082 Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 10 1 MOR LC50 670 12 N N Peredney and Williams, 2000b 56449 ac Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 10 1 MOR LC50 661 12 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 7877 a Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.2 1.7 1 MOR LC50 183 15 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 7877 c Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.1 3.4 1 MOR LC50 392 15 N N Donkin and Dusenbery, 1994 7877 d Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 6.2 2.2 1 MOR LC50 549 15 N N Spurgeon and Hopkin, 1995 6822 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.1 10.0 1 GRO NOAEC 237 11 N N Spurgeon and Hopkin, 1996a 7870 Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.0 10.0 1 REP MATC 466 12 Y N Spurgeon and Hopkin, 1996 4067 f Earthworm Eisenia fetida 6.0 10.0 0 REP NOAEC 553 16 N N EC 10 = Effect concentration for 10% of test population N = No EC 50 = Effect concentration for 50% of test population NOAEC = No observed adverse effect concentration ERE = Ecologically relevant endpoint OM = Organic matter content GRO = Growth POP = Population ILL = Incipient lethal level REP = Reproduction LC 50 = Concentration lethal to 50% of test population Y = Yes LOAEC = Lowest observed adverse effect concentration Bioavailability Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S.EPA, 2003) MATC = Maximum acceptable toxicant concentration Total Evaluation Score described in Guidance for Developing Eco-SSLs (U.S. EPA, 2003) MOR = Mortality Eco-SSL for Zinc June 2007
5.0 ECO-SSL FOR AVIAN WILDLIFE The derivation of the Eco-SSL for avian wildlife was completed as two parts. First, the toxicity reference value (TRV) was derived according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5). Second, the Eco-SSL (soil concentration) was back-calculated for each of three surrogate species representing different trophic levels based on the wildlife exposure model and the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003). 5.1 Avian TRV The literature search completed according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-1) identified 10,410 papers with possible toxicity data for either avian or mammalian species. Of these studies, 10,259 were rejected for use as described in Section 7.5. Of the remaining studies, 53 contained data for avian test species. These papers were reviewed and the data were extracted and scored according to the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-3 and 4- 4). The results of the data extraction and review are provided as Table 5.1. The complete results are included as Appendix 5-1. Within the reviewed papers, there are 168 results for biochemical (BIO), behavior (BEH), physiology (PHY), pathology (PTH), reproduction (REP), growth (GRO), and survival (MOR) effects that meet the Data Evaluation Score of >65 for use to derive the TRV (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-4). These data are plotted in Figure 5.1 and correspond directly with the data presented in Table 5.1. The no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) results for growth and reproduction are used to calculate a geometric mean. This result is examined in relationship to the lowest bounded lowest-observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for reproduction, growth, and survival to derive the TRV according to procedures in the Eco-SSL guidance (U.S. EPA, 2003; Attachment 4-5). A geometric mean of the NOAEL values for reproduction and growth was calculated at 66.1 mg zinc/kg bw/day. This value is lower than the lowest bounded LOAEL for reproduction, growth, or survival. Therefore, the TRV is equal to the geometric mean of NOAEL values within the reproduction and growth effect groups and is equal to 66.1 mg zinc/kg bw/day. Eco-SSL for Zinc 9 June 2007
Page 1 and 2: Ecological Soil Screening Levels fo
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Page 5 and 6: 1.0 INTRODUCTION Ecological Soil Sc
Page 7 and 8: organic matter, microbial activity,
Page 9 and 10: Table 3.1 Plant Toxicity Data - Zin
Page 11: Table 4.1 Invertebrate Toxicity Dat
Page 15 and 16: Result # Table 5.1 Avian Toxicity D
Page 17 and 18: Dose (mg Zn/kg bw/day) 10000 1000 1
Page 19 and 20: Result # Reference Table 6.1 Mammal
Page 21 and 22: Result # Table 6.1 Mammalian Toxici
Page 23 and 24: Within the reviewed papers there ar
Page 25 and 26: 7.0 REFERENCES 7.1 General Zinc Ref
Page 27 and 28: MacLean, A. J. and Dekker, A. J. 19
Page 29 and 30: These references were reviewed and
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Mineral Sherman, G. E., Meyer, M. P
Page 653 and 654:
FL Shilov, V. P. and Panchenko, I.
Page 655 and 656:
and liver of the macular mouse as a
Page 657 and 658:
Mix Siewicki, T. C., Sydlowski, J.
Page 659 and 660:
No Oral Singal, Pawan K., Dhillon,
Page 661 and 662:
Drug Sirakova, I., Christova, Y., N
Page 663 and 664:
cows for facial eczema control. Pro
Page 665 and 666:
CP Smith, J. Cecil Jr., McDaniel, E
Page 667 and 668:
of dietary zinc and vitamin d stero
Page 669 and 670:
Nut def Somers, M. and Underwood, E
Page 671 and 672:
control by t-3 of surfactant, apopr
Page 673 and 674:
CP Speck, P. A., Wynn, P. C., O'Gra
Page 675 and 676:
FL Sridhara, S. rodenticide induced
Page 677 and 678:
activities of tricarboxylic acid cy
Page 679 and 680:
IMM Stephenson, R. A., Luft, B. J.,
Page 681 and 682:
Nut def Stewart, S. R., Emerick, R.
Page 683 and 684:
(1986) 93-108. Editor: 93-108. Edit
Page 685 and 686:
No COC Sugahara, K., Kubo, T., and
Page 687 and 688:
No Dose Sumano, L. H., Ocampo, L.,
Page 689 and 690:
Bio Acc Suso, Francisco A. and Edwa
Page 691 and 692:
In Vit Swann, John C., Reynolds, Jo
Page 693 and 694:
pochodzacych od niosek naturalnie z
Page 695 and 696:
No Tox Takahashi, Kazuaki, Yodogawa
Page 697 and 698:
FL Tamada, H., Nezu, R., Matsuo, Y.
Page 699 and 700:
3919-22. Nut def Tanaka, Masahiro,
Page 701 and 702:
preliminary clinical application].
Page 703 and 704:
229-33. Nut def Taylor, Carla Gwen.
Page 705 and 706:
ANATOMISTS, SENDAI, JAPAN, APR. 3-5
Page 707 and 708:
Abstract Thomas, H. R. and Kornegay
Page 709 and 710:
esistance to alkylating agent toxic
Page 711 and 712:
ole of zinc in the selective degene
Page 713 and 714:
(1977) 20(3): 413-17. CP Townsend,
Page 715 and 716:
Unrel Trope, M., Lost, C., Schmitz,
Page 717 and 718:
hypersensitivity of mice under diff
Page 719 and 720:
Alt Uchida, Yoshiko, Moon-Fanelli,
Page 721 and 722:
and zinc from tef in rats. Bull. Ch
Page 723 and 724:
International. 31 (4). 1985. 887-89
Page 725 and 726:
Nut Van Wouwe, Jacobus, Hoogenkamp,
Page 727 and 728:
physicochemical characterization of
Page 729 and 730:
zinc deficiency and repletion on so
Page 731 and 732:
Abstract Vines, K. B(A), Williams,
Page 733 and 734:
Alt Voss, C., Hartmann, N., and Har
Page 735 and 736:
No COC Waghorn, G. C., Shelton, I.
Page 737 and 738:
content of blood components as indi
Page 739 and 740:
FL wang An, Shan Anshan, and Xu Zhe
Page 741 and 742:
No COC Wang, Yuejian, Liang, Bailin
Page 743 and 744:
Particularly Mercury, Cadmium, Lead
Page 745 and 746:
CP Wedekind, K. J., Hortin, A. E.,
Page 747 and 748:
Abstract Weingartner, K. E. and Erd
Page 749 and 750:
Fate Wensink, J., Molenaar, A. J.,
Page 751 and 752:
steers. Biological Trace Element Re
Page 753 and 754:
Mineral Whitehead, C. C., Dewar, W.
Page 755 and 756:
in the mouse]. einfluss von ribofl
Page 757 and 758:
Immunology and Immunopathology 49(2
Page 759 and 760:
Holmgren Robert A, Maniatis Tom, an
Page 761 and 762:
Nut def Wolter, R. 1996. osteochond
Page 763 and 764:
(Recd. 1983). 75-85. HHE Wu, C. T.,
Page 765 and 766:
Nut def Xia, J., Browning, J. D., a
Page 767 and 768:
method in the study of the interrel
Page 769 and 770:
Mix AMANE, Y., FUKINO, H., and IMAG
Page 771 and 772:
FL Yang, Yuexin, Liu, Jianyu, and C
Page 773 and 774:
Nature Genetics 16(2): 161-70. Nut
Page 775 and 776:
In Vit Yoshinaga, T. 1974. evidence
Page 777 and 778:
Nut def Yuyama, L. K. and Cozzolino
Page 779 and 780:
Phys Zea-Iriarte Walter-Leopoldo(A)
Page 781 and 782:
(1996) 18(4): 452-456 CODEN: YYHPA4
Page 783 and 784:
caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Gen
Page 785 and 786:
SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY,
Page 787 and 788:
Rejection Criteria Literature Rejec
Page 789 and 790:
Page 791 and 792:
Page 793 and 794:
Appendix 5-1 Avian Toxicity Data Ex
Page 795 and 796:
Result # Ref N. Reference Chemical
Page 797 and 798:
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Zinc - The Risk Assessment Information System

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