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Table of Contents Dedication 3 Declaration 4 Acknowledgements 5 Glossary 10 Abstract 15 Chapter One: General Introduction 18 Part One: 54 Patterns ofAfrican Sacral rule Chapter Two: Sacral Rule In Cameroon Grassfields 55 Chapter Three: Sacral Rule among the Akan ofGhana 124 Part Two 216 Encounter with Christian Mission Chapter Four: Nature ofChristian Mission 217 Chapter Five: Introduction ofthe Christian Mission to African Sacral Rule in Cameroon 274 Chapter Six: Introduction ofthe Basel Mission to Sacral Rule in Ghana 337 Part Three: 384 Sacral Rule and Christian Church: Achievements and challenges Chapter Seven: The African Church period 384 Chapter Eight- General Conclusion: 448 Theological steps towards the establishment ofSacral Rule as a new mission field for the Christian Church Bibliography 478 2
Dedication To Emilienne, Tatouomkam Samuel, Touongbien Esa"ie, Wambo Paul, Fowa Nehemie For their expectations, support and love, In appreciation 3
Page 4 and 5: Declaration I hereby declare that t
Page 6 and 7: The next persons are the board of t
Page 8 and 9: Parallel to these scholars in the w
Page 10 and 11: Glossary A- Grassfields words and G
Page 12 and 13: B- Akan words and expressions used
Page 14 and 15: Okyenhene ruler ofAkyem Omanhene sa
Page 17 and 18: African sacral rule and the Christi
Page 19 and 20: the presence of a sacral ruler who
Page 21 and 22: empirical evidence to confirm the V
Page 23: or "Ohene,,7 in Akan - a king- but
Page 28: claim full membership in the Christ
Page 31 and 32: ecome an institution for the edific
Page 33 and 34: leadership vary from one society to
Page 35 and 36: 3- Sacral rule as a mission field T
Page 37 and 38: points to the acceptance of sacral
Page 39 and 40: understood Christ' relationship to
Page 41 and 42: traditional leaders of the Bobo in
Page 43 and 44: eflection on the African re-appropr
Page 46 and 47: ulers make use of Christ and Christ
Page 49 and 50: accord him the religious attention
Page 51 and 52: missionary? Agyeman Badu and K.A. B
Page 53 and 54:
on agreements and disagreements bet
Page 56:
A- Presentation of Grassfields Gras
Page 59 and 60:
same customs and therefore belonged
Page 62 and 63:
with him. He set up a place for wor
Page 64 and 65:
followers. 7o In his struggle for l
Page 66:
share them with the one who overcam
Page 69 and 70:
Fondoms (Kingdoms) never stopped ex
Page 71:
In fact, they were ritual perfOJine
Page 74 and 75:
From what had been said on history
Page 78:
They are the nine or the seven with
Page 81 and 82:
launching of a war, organisation of
Page 83 and 84:
the growth of the lineage. The futu
Page 85:
After these family ceremonies durin
Page 89:
Cameroon, there are no slaves in th
Page 92 and 93:
1- Matrilineal descent On the Grass
Page 94 and 95:
prince to the status of Fo. That wi
Page 96:
greatest support to the fondom with
Page 103 and 104:
agrarIan Bantu local population. Th
Page 105:
ad ones. lust as there are medicina
Page 109 and 110:
it is concluded that God is pleased
Page 111:
skull. He or she has the last \\lor
Page 114 and 115:
Mount Mbet Nso' are common places o
Page 116 and 117:
doors. The following information ab
Page 118 and 119:
a leader or not. Those signs are ke
Page 120 and 121:
the names like: FaSii (ruler who co
Page 122 and 123:
offered by the head of family to th
Page 126 and 127:
Bretuo, Ekona and Oyoko. 163 Intra-
Page 128 and 129:
called "Odehye (the one who knows t
Page 130 and 131:
the conquest ofa piece of land. 130
Page 132 and 133:
method ofruling over non-Akan group
Page 134 and 135:
ejected it by organising themselves
Page 136 and 137:
debated with Ofori Kuma and his war
Page 138 and 139:
Spiritual functions were overshadow
Page 140 and 141:
centralise all the government of hi
Page 142 and 143:
will to entrust someone from his cl
Page 144 and 145:
D- Slaves in the Akan sacral rule P
Page 146 and 147:
Panim. This was the start of a poli
Page 148:
indicating authority through posses
Page 151 and 152:
women. Although they compete strong
Page 154:
while putting their sword on his ch
Page 158:
and should never be contradicted; i
Page 162:
shrines or sanctuaries for spiritua
Page 165 and 166:
I pray you for strength)". Rattray
Page 167:
of dependence on their fore parents
Page 171 and 172:
political, the shrine's social acti
Page 174 and 175:
satisfies partly religious and poli
Page 176 and 177:
__worIdview. Like a mountain peak,
Page 178 and 179:
2- The representative offree men ad
Page 180 and 181:
language to use for evangelisation
Page 182 and 183:
own rights. Power is invested in th
Page 184 and 185:
elders, Stools, ancestors, spirits,
Page 186 and 187:
displays at the palace. There are c
Page 188 and 189:
God to clarify the matter. Elements
Page 190 and 191:
social organisation, which is just
Page 192 and 193:
imagination, the reality of the spi
Page 194 and 195:
Israel,,283 and he commissioned his
Page 197 and 198:
African spiritual worldview express
Page 200:
ancestor worship, even if these act
Page 203 and 204:
alien to the African spiritual worl
Page 205 and 206:
God through the sovereign presence
Page 207 and 208:
ehalf, and the blessing from God fo
Page 209:
their business and not the ruler's.
Page 215 and 216:
ightly said among all men according
Page 217 and 218:
The third section looks at the sust
Page 220 and 221:
to review the spiritual foundation
Page 222 and 223:
elevate the African race by working
Page 226 and 227:
Christianity was distorted to becom
Page 228 and 229:
which often became tense. In German
Page 232 and 233:
August Hennann Francke,349 known as
Page 234 and 235:
Danish Missionary Society and the D
Page 236:
Every member of the fellowship in H
Page 240 and 241:
parliament member, proposed the cre
Page 242 and 243:
This idea of the Christian village
Page 245 and 246:
373 .. 1 b 1" 1 d the people, anima
Page 247 and 248:
in the heart of many missionaries a
Page 249 and 250:
During the age of Revolution (befor
Page 251 and 252:
"They all failed except in Switzerl
Page 253 and 254:
agreement. 386 Members of the pro-s
Page 255 and 256:
salvation almost exclusively to God
Page 257 and 258:
and practical view articulated in B
Page 260:
Even though missionaries had to suf
Page 263 and 264:
principles of an individual experie
Page 265 and 266:
ights to promulgate them. 408 Blumh
Page 267 and 268:
(praying is working).,,413 But his
Page 269 and 270:
mission schools must serve as forer
Page 271 and 272:
The temporal power ofthe missionary
Page 273 and 274:
· 420 h P' .. B I activity above t
Page 275 and 276:
Gospel. They felt a filial responsi
Page 278:
with Alexander Fuller in Femand Do
Page 281 and 282:
entire leadership of the mission wa
Page 284 and 285:
y the Basel Mission on the day the
Page 288 and 289:
Douala language. Dibundu was so bus
Page 291 and 292:
When the Germans set foot in Camero
Page 293:
Picture 2. Sitting from right are F
Page 296:
"Des leur installation il jut permi
Page 300 and 301:
Controversial reports about the sup
Page 304 and 305:
territory. They came without guns,
Page 306 and 307:
ecoming Christians themselves and t
Page 308 and 309:
life and customs. A lot of photos i
Page 310 and 311:
chretiens de la famille royale n 'a
Page 313 and 314:
activities of the traders and farme
Page 315 and 316:
February 1913. In March of the same
Page 317:
and Magamba. When this missionary "
Page 322 and 323:
"Un des problemes qui se posail ano
Page 324 and 325:
y a temporary restoration of the an
Page 326:
needed to find some other means tha
Page 329 and 330:
catechists and evangelists was hars
Page 331 and 332:
Grassfields history. In the Grassfi
Page 334 and 335:
eplace Dieterle at the mission stat
Page 336 and 337:
Chapter six: Introduction ofBasel M
Page 338:
established a project for the impro
Page 342 and 343:
Akuapem. By so doing, the tradition
Page 344 and 345:
"How can you expect so much from us
Page 346 and 347:
However, the Hall, Miller, Rocheste
Page 348 and 349:
"Since the creation, most Africans
Page 350 and 351:
(paramountcy) ceased to be between
Page 352:
students such as Amoako Atta I of A
Page 355 and 356:
instead, he patronised it and suppo
Page 358 and 359:
was not an item in the Basel Missio
Page 360 and 361:
"By 1877, European colleagues (of A
Page 363 and 364:
Giving part of the land for mission
Page 366 and 367:
elocated himself to Abokobi, the Ch
Page 369 and 370:
Asante ruling class for the interac
Page 372 and 373:
The Asante governing body had taken
Page 374 and 375:
Contrary to the Pietist movement, t
Page 376 and 377:
Conclusion: African Sacral rule and
Page 378 and 379:
vocabulary and notions. He was the
Page 380 and 381:
complemented the missionary's attit
Page 382 and 383:
African community. The Pietistic at
Page 384 and 385:
mission had been one of the attract
Page 386 and 387:
The conversion processes which aime
Page 388 and 389:
the entire hierarchy of sacral rule
Page 392 and 393:
mitigate the crime that had been co
Page 395 and 396:
church leaders have to develop some
Page 398:
Ta Henoch was a renowned herbalist
Page 402 and 403:
missionary to train Mongwe Michel w
Page 405 and 406:
other Christian. I just propose tha
Page 407:
Since the Bamun Fa Njoya enthusiast
Page 410 and 411:
after serving for a while. The sacr
Page 412:
ecome Christian. He "wanted the sac
Page 416 and 417:
hindrance. 625 With the kingmakers
Page 418 and 419:
e. That I will appoint a caretaker
Page 420 and 421:
IV-The Presbyterian Church of Ghana
Page 422:
customs. Northwand presented himsel
Page 426 and 427:
promoted the idea, supported by Nan
Page 428 and 429:
hosted the General Synod of the aut
Page 430 and 431:
in missionary circles, the Okyenhen
Page 432:
elationship as the Okyenhene's Memo
Page 436 and 437:
odyguards to school and thus showin
Page 438:
his acceptance as a full member of
Page 443 and 444:
without any official letter in Bafu
Page 445 and 446:
traditional community, gave certain
Page 447 and 448:
Chapter Eight - General conclusion:
Page 449 and 450:
sacral rule accept responsibility f
Page 451 and 452:
church. Nevertheless, they have gat
Page 453 and 454:
values and other indicators of thei
Page 455 and 456:
institutions who are able to identi
Page 457 and 458:
It is not surprising that it was th
Page 459 and 460:
traditional political authority and
Page 461 and 462:
endered in the English language: to
Page 463 and 464:
they did not give open access to ev
Page 465 and 466:
words, they occur at the same time
Page 468 and 469:
is conveyed by aionos is absent. Ti
Page 470 and 471:
forgot that "a disciple is not grea
Page 472 and 473:
thus alienating one from the other.
Page 474 and 475:
ehaviour should be Christlike. The
Page 476 and 477:
Christ is Lord of both, and African
Page 478 and 479:
Paris, Payot, 1925. -Antui, J. Dani
Page 480 and 481:
- Chem Lamghee, B. and others- Nso'
Page 482 and 483:
- Ela, Jean-Marc, African cry, New
Page 484 and 485:
sociale et politique de I'Eglise au
Page 486 and 487:
1989. _ Mbiti, John, Bibel und Theo
Page 488 and 489:
_ Pierard, Richard V. "Zinzendorf',
Page 490 and 491:
_ Schaf, Ype, On Their Way Rejocing
Page 492 and 493:
Rulers Lists of Interviews Clergy G
Page 494 and 495:
Clergy 1- Dideh MOlse (71) Porto No
Page 496 and 497:
28- Totso Chretien (86), Bandjoun-D
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