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Electrode Holder A device that holds the electrode (welding rod) and conducts electricity through the rod. Filler Metal Filler Metal is the material added to the weld pool typically to strengthen the weld joint. Flux A cleaning agent used to dissolve oxides, release trapped gases and slag, and to cleanse metals for welding, soldering, and brazing. Joint A joint is the intersection where two pieces of metal meet. There are many different types of welding joints. Lift Arc Lift-Arc is a method of starting the arc during TIG welding. As the tungsten is lifted from the base metal, the arc is established. Polarity Electrical current has a negative and positive pole, thus giving it polarity. AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current) are types of electrical current. AC current reverses its direction in regular intervals, whereas DC current flows in one direction. Power Source The power source is the primary component of your welding system. It is your source of electrical power, and can provide adjustable current and/or voltage. Shielding Gas Protective gas used to prevent atmospheric contamination of the weld pool. Slag The hardened protective coating over the weld, produced when the flux on a welding rod melts while welding. Slag should be scraped / chipped from the weld and cleaned with a metal wire brush. Spatter Spatter is small droplets of filler metal that have blown out onto the work surface by the arc. 6
Spot Weld A process in which two metal surfaces are joined by the heat from resistance to electric current flow, typically a very small weld size. Steel A type of metal that is made from mined iron ore, purified in blast furnaces, and then carbon is added during its molten stage. Stick Welding (SMAW, Shielded Metal Arc Welding) Stick welding uses a consumable electrode that is coated in flux to create the weld. An electric arc forms between the electrode and the base metal. As you weld, the flux coating melts from the electrode (which creates vapors that act as the shielding gas) and leaves behind a layer of slag that protects the weld from contamination. Stinger Stinger is another name for the electrode holder. You’ll typically hear it used in the shop or field. Tack Weld A tack weld refers to a small weld that is used to hold what you’re welding in its place. Tack welds can be broken if changes need to be made. Tensile Strength Tensile strength is an indication of a material’s ability to resist being pulled apart by tension. TIG Welding (GTAW, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) TIG welding utilizes a non-consumable tungsten electrode, and in certain cases a separate filler metal. Current flows through the TIG Torch and electrode, while an inert gas passes through the torch. The arc is created between the base metal and the tungsten electrode. The welding arc is shielded with an inert gas such as Argon. Weld Pool Also known as the weld puddle, the weld pool is the molten material produced while the arc is created, and during the welding process. It is important to protect the weld pool from contaminants while it solidifies. Wire Brush An important tool for cleaning the welding surface both before and after welding. Voltage Voltage is the force that makes electrons flow through the conductor. 7
Page 2 and 3: Table of Contents Introduction to W
Page 4 and 5: Thermal Arc Presents Basic Techniqu
Page 8 and 9: Safety Precautions It’s always im
Page 10 and 11: Stick (SMAW) Setup Set Process Sele
Page 12 and 13: Lift TIG (GTAW) Setup 12
Page 14 and 15: Types of STICK (SMAW) Electrodes Ar
Page 16 and 17: IV. Types of Welds and Joints Makin
Page 18 and 19: C. Vertical Welds Tack weld a secti
Page 20 and 21: Additional Weld Joint Types Open Sq
Page 22 and 23: Tungsten Preparation & Sharpening F

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