Effect of Large Shear Deformation on Rail Steels and Pure Metals

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3 3 Results and Discussion Figure 3.3: (a) The structure size <strong>of</strong> nickel after deformation by high pressure torsion (b) missorientation angle distribution <strong>of</strong> nickel after deformation by high pressure torsion to different strains. lower this value is, the lower is the total equivalent strain necessary for this onset. Experiments with a larger ∆ɛ than 4 were not performed because there is almost no difference between the structure size after HPT and CHPT with a ∆ɛ = 4. In radial direction, the same elongated elements as in HPT are visible. Here also after large ɛeq,total, the angle between the length axis <strong>of</strong> the elongated elements and the normal <strong>of</strong> the shear plane is in good agreement with the shear angle corresponding to the strain increment. It is interesting to notice that many features that are well known for conventional fatigue are also present in these CHPT deformed samples. A detailed description <strong>of</strong> the processes and a comparison <strong>of</strong> the results for HPT with other areas are given in Papers H and I. 14
3.1 Structural Evolution <strong>of</strong> Model Materials during Severe Plastic <strong>Deformation</strong> Figure 3.4: SEM micrographs (BSE) <strong>of</strong> CHPT-deformed nickel in tangential direction, ɛeq,total = 64, (a) ∆ɛ = 0.5, (b) ∆ɛ = 1, (c) ∆ɛ = 2 and (d) ∆ɛ = 4. 15 3
Page 1 and 2: University of Leob
Page 3: ASTRID, LÄTITIA
Page 7 and 8: Danksagung Die hier vorliegende Arb
Page 9 and 10: Summary The investigation o
Page 11 and 12: Kurzfassung Die Untersuchung der Au
Page 13 and 14: Sobald jemand in einer Sache Meiste
Page 15 and 16: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motiv
Page 17 and 18: Contents E.3.2 Mechanical strengths
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 Motivation 1 Introduction Today
Page 21 and 22: 1.2 Objectives The aim of</
Page 23 and 24: 2 Methods of Sever
Page 25 and 26: 2.2 Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Page 27 and 28: 2.2 Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Page 29 and 30: 3 Results and Discussion In the fol
Page 31: 3.1 Structural Evolution of
Page 35 and 36: 3.2 Structural Evolution of
Page 45 and 46: 3.3 Mechanical Properties In contra
Page 47 and 48: 3.3 Mechanical Properties Figure 3.
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 Mechanical Properties Figure 3.
Page 51 and 52: 3.3 Mechanical Properties can be se
Page 53 and 54: 4 Conclusions The methods o
Page 55 and 56: [1] G. Baumann, H.-J. Fecht, and S.
Page 57 and 58: Bibliography [36] T. Hebesberger, H
Page 59 and 60: 5 List of appended
Page 61 and 62: A Structural Refinement of<
Page 63 and 64: A.1 Introduction A.1 Introduction K
Page 65 and 66: A.3 Results Figure A.2: Micrograph
Page 67 and 68: A.4 Discussion Figure A.3: Microgra
Page 69 and 70: Bibliography to paper A [1] W. Lojk
Page 71 and 72: B Structural Changes of</st
Page 73 and 74: B.1 Introduction B.1 Introduction D
Page 75 and 76: B.3 Results and Discussion after a
Page 77 and 78: Figure B.5: 2Θ scans of</s
Page 79 and 80: B.4 Conclusion B.4 Conclusion • T
Page 81 and 82: Bibliography to paper B [1] G. Baum
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C Strain Hardening during High Pres
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C.1 Introduction C.1 Introduction R
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C.3 Results With this equation it i
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C.4 Discussion Figure C.4: SEM micr
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Bibliography to paper C [1] T. Hebe
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D Formation of sur
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D.1 Introduction D.1 Introduction T
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D.3 Results D.3.1 Monotonic <strong
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D.3 Results Figure D.4: SEM microgr
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D.4 Discussion Figure D.6: SEM micr
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occurring on the surface of
Page 105 and 106:
Bibliography to paper D [1] Y. K. C
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E High Pressure Torsion of<
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E.1 Introduction E.1 Introduction T
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E.3 Results Figure E.2: SEM microgr
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E.3.2 Mechanical strengths E.4 Disc
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Bibliography to paper E [1] L. Wang
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F TEM Investigation of</str
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F.1 Introduction F.1 Introduction C
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F.4 Discussion see Figure F.2b. The
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Figure F.3: In-situ measured torque
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F.4 Discussion Figure F.6: Comparis
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F.6 Appendix • Electron energy-lo
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[1] M. Zelin. Acta Mater., 50(17):4
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G Fracture Processes in Severe Plas
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G.2 Introduction G.2 Introduction T
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G.4 Results toughness test. It can
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G.5 Discussion Figure G.3: (a) Load
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G.5.2 Fracture G.5 Discussion Fract
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Bibliography to paper G [1] J. D. E
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H Cyclic High Pressure Torsion <str
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H.1 Introduction H.1 Introduction I
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Figure H.2: Sample preparation for
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H.3 Results With increasing ∆ɛ a
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H.3 Results Figure H.7: SEM microgr
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H.3 Results between 2°and 15°, th
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H.4 Discussion comparable to ECAP R
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H.5 Conclusions bon steels as a fun
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H.5 Conclusions • The steady stat
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Bibliography to paper H [1] Y. T. Z
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Bibliography to paper H [33] C. Buq
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I Structural Evolution during Cycli
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I.1 Introduction I.1 Introduction T
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I.3 Results Figure I.2: SEM microgr
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I.4 Discussion be seen that saturat
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I.5 Conclusions structure size is a
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[1] H. Mughrabi. Mater. Sci. Eng.,
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Effect of Large Shear Deformation on Rail Steels and Pure Metals

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