Genetic characteristics of field and attenuated rabies viruses ... - Evira

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The “Eurasian” group comprises viruses from the European, Central, Asian, and Siberian parts of Russia, as well as from Kazakhstan (Fig. 10, paper IV). The “North- European” group contains viruses from Finland and Estonia, as well as from the Pskov, Bryansk, and the Leningrad regions of Russia. The viruses from the geographically close Moscow, Vladimir, Tver, and Tula regions constitute a separate “Central-Russian” group. A similar grouping was found based on the G-L intergenic region sequences. Additionally, the phylogenetical groups in most cases corresponded to antigenic variants as revealed by the mAbs. Figure 10. Geographical distribution of the rabies viruses groups observed during this study. N-E – North-European Group (includes archival viruses from Finland, Estonia, and Leningrad region), Eurasian – Eurasian group, C-R – Central-Russian group, Cau – Caucasian group (framed). Lakes, rivers, gulfs, seas, and oceans are light blue. Arm – Armenia; Azr – Azerbaijan; Czh – Czech Republic; Est – Estonia; Geo – Georgia; Lth – Lithuania; Lva – Latvia; Mld – Moldova; Rom – Romania; Svk – Slovakia; Uzb – Uzbekistan. The viruses isolated from the Southern part of the Krasnodar region near the Georgian border and Black Sea coast comprise the “Caucasian” group. They are closely related to the viruses from Georgia and Iran (paper IV). The viruses from the Caucasian 45
group differ from those observed in the Pan-Eurasian group by 6-7% according to the Ngene sequences, and by approximately 9% based on the G-L-intergenic region sequences. According to both the N- and G-L-intergenic region sequences, all the vaccine strains evaluated (paper IV) clearly differed from the field strains and the Russian vaccine strains “Sheep” and RV-97 grouped together with the vaccine strains of Japanese origin Ni-Ce, RC_HL, and Nishigahara. The viruses from the Caucasian phylogroup seem to be the closest wild ancestor of this group (Fig. 9). A wide range of classical rabies viruses was included in the phylogenetic analysis when the origin of the equine strain RV1904 isolated in Finland during 2003 in a horse imported from Estonia was investigated, this virus was found to be similar to the viruses previously isolated from Russia and the Baltic region. The clinical course of the disease was also described (paper III). To summarize the phylogenetic grouping, we put together and compared the classifications by Bourhy et al. (1999) and Kuzmin et al. (2004), and the classification used during this study (paper IV) (Table 2). Table 2. Comparison of three different phylogenetic classifications for rabies viruses isolated in the Eurasian continent Origin of viruses Classifications Bourhy et al., (1999) Kuzmin (2004) et al., This study Yakutia, Tuva, Krasnoyarsk (Russia) --- A --- Far East of Russia Kazakhstan, Central, --- B --- Siberian and South parts of Russia --- C Eurasian Central and Western regions of Russia 9215HON, Hungary, ungrouped D Central- Russian North-Western and Western Finland, Russia, Estonia, North-Eastern Europe (NEE) E North- European Slovakia, Poland Western Eastern and Western Europe Central Europe (WE), Eastern Europe (EE) and Central Europe (CE) --- --- Caucuses of Russia, Georgia, Iran --- UG Caucasian *The overlapping groupings are shadowed. Eurasian phylogroup 46
Page 1 and 2: Evira Research Reports 2/2008 Artem
Page 3 and 4: Supervised by Anita Huovilainen, Ph
Page 5 and 6: 3.5. Laboratory techniques.........
Page 7 and 8: Abstract Rabies is a fatal disease
Page 9 and 10: List of original publications I. Me
Page 11 and 12: 1.2.2. Structure of virion, genome,
Page 13 and 14: al., 1989; Benmansour et al., 1991)
Page 15 and 16: Prodromal period - the first 1 to 3
Page 17 and 18: A. C. Figure 4. A&B. Perivascular c
Page 19 and 20: the skin biopsies (Bryceson et al.,
Page 21 and 22: cells, murine monocytic P388D1 and
Page 23 and 24: 1.5.2. Rabies situation in Europe a
Page 25 and 26: It is well established that the mai
Page 27 and 28: widely used oral anti-rabies vaccin
Page 29 and 30: have to be surpassed. Since then, s
Page 31 and 32: There are two ways of distributing
Page 33 and 34: The RT-PCR amplification, nucleotid
Page 35 and 36: into the M13 vectors. Conzelmann et
Page 37 and 38: 3. Materials and methods 3.1. Field
Page 39 and 40: was added to all mixtures and these
Page 41 and 42: The total RNA was purified from the
Page 43 and 44: 4. Results 4.1. FAT and cell cultur
Page 45: 4.4. Phylogenetic analysis and mole
Page 49 and 50: The vaccine strains RV-97 and SAD B
Page 51 and 52: 5. Discussion Rabies is a serious v
Page 53 and 54: as from non-infectious diseases (e.
Page 55 and 56: Nevertheless, the major rivers rema
Page 57 and 58: antigenic sites (epitopes) of the G
Page 59 and 60: The data included in this thesis ca
Page 61 and 62: 7. Заключение (concluding
Page 63 and 64: 8. Acknowledgments The work for thi
Page 65 and 66: 19. Beauregard, M., Boulanger, P.,
Page 67 and 68: 46. Brozka, K., Finke, S., Conzelma
Page 69 and 70: 75. Dietzschold, B., Lafon, M., Wan
Page 71 and 72: 107. Hellenbrand, W., Meyer, C., Ra
Page 73 and 74: 141. Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Nei, M.
Page 75 and 76: 169. McElhinney, L.M., Marston, D.,
Page 77 and 78: 197. Niin, E., Laine, M., Partel, A
Page 79 and 80: 230. Selimov, M.A., Botvinkin, A.D.
Page 81 and 82: 262. Tollis, M., Buonavoglia, C., T
Page 83 and 84: 295. Wunner, W.H., 1991. The chemic
Page 85 and 86: J. Vet. Med. B 51, 94-96 (2004) Ó
Page 87 and 88: 96 A. E. Metlin et al. Mu¨ ller, T
Page 89 and 90: 125•Mise globale 23.2.2006 9:58 P
Page 95 and 96: CASE REPORT REFEREED Imported Case
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Figure 1. Neighbor-joining phylogen
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Paper IV
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study. The reverse transcription-po
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Table 1 (continued) Code Origin Ani
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Fig. 2. Geographical distribution o
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Besides rivers, mountain ranges wer
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Paper V
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Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira
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