Offshore Wind Power Projects in the Great Lakes - Ministry of ...

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Offshore wind power projects in the Great Lakes: Background and science considerations for fish and fish habitat Table of Contents List of tables ..................................................................................................................................................5 List of figures.................................................................................................................................................5 List of boxes ..................................................................................................................................................5 List of appendices .........................................................................................................................................5 Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................6 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................7 2. Preventing, minimizing and mitigating negative impacts........................................................................8 2.1 Site selection and construction timing windows................................................................................9 2.2 Mitigating noise: reducing noise levels during construction............................................................16 Pile driving noise ................................................................................................................................16 Noise mitigation during other construction activities .......................................................................27 2.3 Measures to control operational noise ............................................................................................30 2.4 Mitigating impacts from electromagnetic fields ..............................................................................31 Cable burial ........................................................................................................................................31 Cable design .......................................................................................................................................32 Other considerations..........................................................................................................................33 2.5 Mitigating dredging and sediment disturbance ...............................................................................33 Minimizing disturbance during cable laying.......................................................................................33 Reducing impacts from dredging operations.....................................................................................35 Options for turbidity control..............................................................................................................36 Mitigation options to address the alteration of sediment transport.................................................38 2.6 Minimizing habitat loss.....................................................................................................................38 2.7 Reducing the potential for water quality degradation.....................................................................39 2.8 Avoiding negative impacts from invasive species ............................................................................40 2.9 Options to reduce conflicts with Great Lakes fisheries ....................................................................41 2.10 Considerations for decommissioning .............................................................................................42 3. Enhancing benefits.................................................................................................................................43 3.1 Enhancing the habitat creation potential.........................................................................................43 Enhancing structural complexity to promote fish use .......................................................................46 Turbine configuration.........................................................................................................................48 Species‐specific habitat preferences or requirements ......................................................................49 Aquatic Research and Development Section 3
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MNR 62730 ISBN 978-1-4435-7158-6 (P
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Offshore Wind Power Projects in the Great Lakes - Ministry of ...

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