The Double Passive in Swedish - Institutionen för lingvistik ...

Example (51) and (52), illustrates the mapping of subject and object control verbs, and to which
category each of the ten verbs was manually sorted. 17
Subject control verbs: ’riskera’ (’risk’), planera (’plan’), ’beräkna’ (’calculate’), ’avse’ (’intend’),
’påstå’ (’argue’).
(51) a) Pete avse-r att slå Patty.
3SG intend-PRS to:COMP beat:INF 3SG.
‘Pete intends to beat Patty’.
b) *Pete avse-r Patty att slå
3SG intend-PRS 3SG to:COMP beat-INF
‘Pete intends Patty to beat’.
Object control verbs: ’tvinga’ (’force’), ’hota’ (’threat’), ’förvänta’ (’expect’), ’tillåta’ (’allow’),
‘föreslå’ (‘suggest’).
(52) a) *Pete tvingar-r att renovera huset.
3SG force-PRS to:COMP renovate:INF house:the.
‘Pete forces to renovate the house.’
b) Pete tvingar-r Patty att renovera huset.
3SG force-PRS 3SG to:COMP renovate:INF house:the.
‘Pete forces Jane to do the renovations of the house.’
The mapping of the ten verbs collected in the corpus research (cf. Table 2), regarding subject and
object control, is shown in (Table 6).
Table 6. Subject and object control of the 10 chosen equi
verbs chosen in the corpus research.
Subject control verbs Object control verbs
‘avse’ (‘intend’) ‘tvinga’ (‘force’)
‘beräkna’ (‘calculate’) ‘tillåta’ (‘allow’)
‘planera’ (‘plan’) ‘föreslå’ (‘suggest’)
‘påstå’ (‘argue’) ‘förvänta’ (‘expect’)
‘riskera’ (‘risk’) ‘hota’ (‘threat’)
In the passive counterparts of (51a) in (Figure 9), and of (52b) in (Figure 10) – the agents are overt in
both examples. The subject control in (Figure 10), and the active counterpart in (51a) shows that both
the matrix predicate and the infinitive predicate assigns a semantic role each to the one and same
“underlying notion” of an agent, (cf. 2.4.3), even if it “occurs” once in each clause. The overt agent in
the matrix clause is not normally expressed (nor is the agent in the infinitival complement) but used in
the mapping in (Figure 9) and (Figure 10) fore illustrative purposes:
17 Note that the (*) in example (51b) and in (52a) marks non-subject control or non-object control.
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