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Conclusion: While both proactive and passive phone education formats were acceptable to parents, the proactive format reached a higher proportion of the sample population, particularly Spanish-speakers. This pilot study suggests proactive phone education with oral health information might be of interest to low-income Spanish speaking parents of young children. Support: USDHHS/NIH/NIDCR U54DE019285 #31 Title: Tobacco-Use Screening and Treatment in the UCSF School of Dentistry: A Pilot Study K JARVI (1), D PIVNIK (2), T CHAI (3), K MEISELS (3), P CURL (4), L KROON L (5), J PROCHASKA (4), M WALSH (6) (1) UCSF MS Graduate Program in Dental Hygiene Graduate Division Dental Hygiene (2) UCSF School of Dentistry, (3) UCSF School of Pharmacy, (4) School of Medicine, (5) Vice Chair School of Pharmacy, (6) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences Introduction: The leading cause of preventable death in the US, tobacco accounts for nearly 1 in 5 deaths or 443,000 annually (1). US Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend clinicians assess tobacco use with all patients at all visits and provide evidence-based cessation treatments. Objective: To determine clinician tobacco-related screening and cessation practices at the UCSF Medical Center Outpatient clinics Methods: A three-pronged cross-sectional assessment was conducted with a convenience sample of (1) clinic directors or their designee, (2) clinicians, and (3) patients at UCSF outpatient medical and dental clinics. Results: Assessments were completed with 11 of 15 dental clinic directors, 100 dental providers, and 100 of 110 approached dental patients and with 12 out of 27 medical administrators, 36 medical providers, and 120 of 122 approached medical patients. Overall, 47% of patients reported they were asked about tobacco use. Most clinicians reported they routinely ask about tobacco use (92%), while fewer reported routinely advising users to quit (82%), assessing readiness to quit (57%), and assisting patients for tobacco cessation treatment (54%). Less than half of the providers reported referral of patients to the California quitline. Few clinicians (2%) were aware of the UCSF Tobacco Education Center (TEC) as a referral resource for cessation treatment. Top recommendations to increase clinical attention to tobacco use were (1) prompts in the electronic medical record, (2) provision of revenue value unit incentives, and (3) greater publicizing of referral resources like TEC. Conclusion: UCSF medical and dental providers are performing above the national average for asking, advising, and assessing patients’ readiness to quit smoking, but practice shortcomings were found regarding providing cessation assistance and follow-up. Specific targets for intervention are identified. #32 Title: Epithelium-driven G protein signaling regulates the mineralization of mandibles M H LE (1), J A HORST (2), E HSIAO (3), O KLEIN (2), P K DEN BESTEN (2), O V HORST (1) (1) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, (2) UCSF Department of Orofacial Sciences, (3) UCSF Department of Medicine Background: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many cellular activities related to development and differentiation. However little is known about the influences of GPCRs on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions required for normal tooth and jaw development. Many GPCRs signal through Gs proteins, which activate the production of second messenger cAMP. Objective: Determine the effects of increasing Gs signals in epithelia on the formation of mesenchymal and epithelial tissues in murine mandibles. Methods: We used an engineered Gs-coupled GPCR known as receptor activated solely by synthetic ligands (RASSL) Rs1 to investigate Gs protein activity in vivo with minimal interference from endogenous ligands. Double transgenic mice expressing Rs1 in epithelial cells were created by mating K5-tTA mice with TetO-Rs1 mice. Mandibles were harvested six weeks after birth, scanned using Micro X-ray Computed Tomography (MicroXCT), and examined histologically. MicroXCT scans were analyzed for relative differences in mineral content using semi-automated algorithms to quantify volumetric pixel intensities of bone, dentin, and enamel. Results: MicroXCT analyses of 6-week-old transgenic mice showed a significant decrease (p
#33 Title: A Software Program for the Rapid Assessment of the Severity of Caries Lesions for SS-OCT R C LEE, H KANG, D FRIED, C L DARLING UCSF School of Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated that Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can be used to nondestructively measure and quantify the severity of demineralization in enamel and dentin. Swept-Source OCT (SS-OCT) allows rapid collection of 3D tomographic images in real time. The purpose of my project was to develop a software program that can be used to rapidly assemble 3D tomographic images and analyze the lesion depth and integrated reflectivity to quantify severity Materials and Methods: A program was written in the LabVIEW graphical programming language that complies 2D images into 3D tomographic images for large data sets. It subsequently performs background subtraction, cropping, artifact removal, convolution filtering, edge detection and calculation of lesion depth and integrated reflectivity, which can be correlated with mineral loss and lesion severity. This program was used to analyze images from a cross-polarization SS-OCT system with an integrated handheld MEMS scanner from Santec (Aichi, Japan). Several extracted teeth with suspected secondary caries lesions were scanned and analyzed with this system. Results: The program allows efficient and rapid analysis of lesion depth and severity for SS-OCT 3D tomographic images. SS-OCT images show excellent imaging depth through composite and indicate secondary caries lesions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that caries lesions depth and severity can be evaluated automatically for rapid analysis from 3D tomographic SS-OCT scans. This program will be primarily used for assessing the stage of caries lesion activity and detecting secondary caries lesion around the resin based restorations both in vitro and in vivo. Support: NIH R01-DE17869 and T32-DE007306 #34 Title: Loading rate response of a diseased tooth-bone fibrous joint J D LIN (1), H ÖZCOBAN (2), M I RYDER (3), S P HO (1) (1) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences (2) Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology; (3) UCSF Department of Orofacial Sciences Introduction: Adaptation of joints can be regulated by magnitude of functional loads and/or disease. In this study we will discuss the effect of loading rates on a periodontally diseased complex in comparison with a healthy complex. Objective: The effect of disease was investigated by mapping the displacement response of the tooth to occlusal loads using a ligature-induced periodontitis model. Deviations of the load-displacement response of diseased fibrous joints to those of untreated controls will be discussed. Methods: 4-0 silk ligatures soaked with lipopolysaccharide (L2880, Sigma) were placed within diastema flanking left and right second maxillary molars of 6-week-old rats for 12 weeks. Control rats were flossed in same regions over the same period. Second molars of intact maxillas were loaded at a displacement rate of 0.2mm/min (MT500CT, Deben UK Ltd.). Form and resorption-related changes of mineralized tissues were identified via microXCT (Xradia, I nc.). Results: Early signs of overall bone resorption due to natural periodontitis were observed in control rats. However, increased resorption was observed at the interproximal AB crests of periodontally diseased rats. Distal surfaces of diseased roots exhibited significantly greater resorption than control roots, while mesial surfaces exhibited minimal differences. Under whole-organ loading, stiffness values from the force-displacement curves of diseased molars for maximum loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20N exhibited lower stiffness values (0.22±0.05, 0.34±0.08, 0.39±0.07, 0.51±0.16 N/µm) compared to control molars (0.31±0.06, 0.42±0.05, 0.48±0.06, 0.52±0.05 N/µm). More importantly, lower force was required to cause the same displacement in a diseased tooth-bone complex compared to a higher force for a control complex. Conclusion: Tooth displacement in a diseased complex requires lower loads when compared to a he althier complex. Bacterial insult alters tooth displacement within the alveolar socket as identified through displacement response to load and lower stiffness values. Support:T32 DE07306-15[JDL], NIH R00DE018212[SPH], S10RR026645[SPH]. #35 Title: Effect of Xylitol-Wipe on Mutans Streptococci Xylitol-Resistance and Biofilm Formation J LO (1), J D B FEATHERSTONE (2), P DENBESTEN (1), C I HOOVER (3), T HUYNH (2), L ZHAN (2) (1) UCSF Department of Orofacial Sciences, (2) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, (3) Department of Cell and Tissue Biology Purpose: In a randomized clinical trial, we found a significant reduction of new caries in young children with daily use of xylitolwipes over one year without reduction on mutans streptococci (MS) levels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effect of xylitol was due to selection of xylitol-resistant MS, and/or altered biofilm formation ability of MS. Methods: Unique MS genotypes were isolated from the xylitol-wipe group and the placebo-wipe group at baseline and at 1 year. These isolates were examined for their xylitol sensitivity and ability to form biofilm in the presence of sucrose. Xylitol sensitivity was determined by comparing bacterial growth curves in TPY glucose broth with or without the addition of 1% xylitol. Sucrose dependent biofilm formation of each genotype was quantified using crystal violet assay. School of Dentistry Research and Clinical Excellence Day 2011 Program 16
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Page 26 and 27: Methods: We used whole mount in sit
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