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Results: Baseline expression of Lef1 was significantly higher in FPs as compared to that of adult DPSCs (35-fold increase). When induced with Wnt3a, a significant increase in Lef1 expression was observed in FP+Wnt at 6h (4.53-fold) as compared to that of adult DPSCs (1.43-fold). Overexpression of Lef1 in FPs by CMV-Lef1 transfection showed 835-fold increase, and 937-fold increase expression of Lef1 at 24h and 48h, respectively. Conclusions: Lef1 is upregulated in FPs as compared to adult DPSCs, possibly related to enhanced inductive potential of FPs as compared to DPSCs in promoting ameloblast differentiation. Future studies to determine whether Lef1-overexpressed adult DPSCs can mimic FPs to enhance ameloblast cell lineage differentiation are now under way. Support: NIDCR grant R03 DE019507-02 (YZ) and 1R21DE017910-01 (PKDB) #46 Title: Characterization of deciduous dental pulp stem cells after serial passages S YAMADA, A SIKAROUDI, J LEE UCSF Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Objectives: Dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth (SHED) and permanent teeth (DPSCs) have been identified as a novel population of stem cells that have the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Previous studies demonstrated that they possess a high proliferation and bone regeneration capacity. SHED can be obtained noninvasively from deciduous teeth that are routinely extracted in childhood compared to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Thus, they are thought to be an alternative useful cell source for bone regeneration. It has been demonstrated that serially passaged BMSCs lose their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. These conditions may affect the clinical application for bone tissue engineering. However, there is no report whether stem cells from dental pulp change their characteristics during multiple passages. In this study, our aim is to analyze the characteristics of dental pulp stem cells during several passages using pig deciduous teeth. Methods: The standard method for SHED retrieval was used to isolate stem cells derived from pig deciduous teeth (SPD). The cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium containing 20% Fetal Bobine Serum and antibiotics. Cell proliferation ability, osteogenic differentiation capacity, and expression of stem cell markers were examined in SPD after early and late passages. Results: Proliferation assay showed that there were no significant differences between early passage cells and late passage cells. On the other hand, more Alizarin red and Von Kossa positive staining and ALP activity were found in early passage cells than those of late passage after osteogenic induction. Conclusions: Dental pulp stem cells from deciduous teeth potentially lose their osteogenic differentiation ability during multiple passages but possess high proliferation ability even at late passages. Therefore, they may be a promising cell source for bone tissue engineering and in vivo analysis. Support: AAOMS Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation Grant #47 Title: Facespace: a predictive 3D framework for orofacial shape and growth N M YOUNG (1), J S LEE (2), J HUANG (3), R S MARCUCIO (1) (1) UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, (2) UCSF Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (3)UCSF Department of Orthodontics Objectives: Non-syndromic dentofacial deformities occur in approximately 15% of the population and can result from discrepant growth of the maxilla and/or mandible. Variation in individual growth can confound accurate predictions of dentofacial deformity and associated severity, thus to maximize phenotypic normalization, accurate methods are needed to model three-dimensional (3D) facial growth and shape. Here we apply 3D landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data and statistically analyze, visualize, and model orofacial growth and shape. Methods: CBCT data of a mixed age/ethnicity sample of both normal and clinically abnormal individuals with equivalent sex ratio (N=95) was obtained at UCSF via Hitachi MercuRay scanner (110 kVp, 10 mA, 512 slices with a 10-sec scan, 12-inch field of view). Data was reconstructed using CBWorks 2.1 (Cyber Med), and 3D models were constructed in Amira 4.1 (Mercury Software). Coordinates of 201 3D skeletal landmarks of the face and mandible were extracted, scaled, aligned, and rotated to remove the effect of size and orientation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multivariate regression were used to identify major axes of facial skeleton variation. Results: Data is normally distributed across the first ten PC axes, which accounts for 75% of total shape variation. PC1 (25% variation) is primarily associated with width of the upper face, while PC2 (15% variation) is primarily associated with facial height. Additional PCs explain more subtle morphological variations. Age and size combined explain ~10% total shape variation. Conclusions: Results suggest that normal and abnormal facial shape form a continuous rather than discontinuous shape “morphospace”. Malocclusions may occur at extremes of normal population distributions, and individual growth patterns may be better predicted with the inclusion of additional factors (e. g., ethnicity, familial phenotype, genomic profile, etc). Support: NIH R01DE018234, R01DE019638 (NMY, RSM) and UCSF Academic Senate Grant (JSL, JH). School of Dentistry Research and Clinical Excellence Day 2011 Program 21
#48 Title: Bedside to bench and back: BMP6 in bone formation W YU, J S LEE UCSF Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Objectives: Aging is a complex process that leads to decreased bone mass, healing and regeneration. In this study we examined the rib graft model to quantitatively determine the effects of age on clinical bone regeneration. Our aims were to examine the molecular mechanisms of age on postnatal bone regeneration and establish an in vivo model. Methods: Twelve patients were enrolled in a CHR-approved study and obtained a baseline CT immediately after a rib graft procedure and a CT 6-months later. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were harvested from the patients and characterized (CFUf, differentiation, proliferation). mRNA from the BMSCs were extracted and microarray analysis performed. BMSCs were transplanted into young and old immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks to analyze the influence of the host environment. Results: We identified a statistically significant inverse correlation between regenerated bone volume and the age of the patients. We also found that CFU-f number decreased with age. The other in vitro characteristics did not correlate with age with statistically difference. Interestingly, the microarray data demonstrated that BMP6 expression in BMSCs was positively correlated with patients’ age. When the cells were transplanted into the young and old mice, BMSCs, regardless of the age of the stem cell source, regenerated more bone in the young host compared to the old. BMP6 was found to be upregulated in BMSCs retrieved from the transplants in the old mice similar to the clinical human correlation. Conclusion: In this study, we recapitulated the influence of the aged host environment on bone regeneration. Our results suggest that bone regenerative capability decreases with advancing age possibly due to decreased stem cell number. However, the host environment impacts BMSCs differentiation ability via BMP6 regulation. Support: The work was funded by UCSF Dean’s Creativity Fund and AAOMS Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation Grant. IV. FACULTY #49 Title: Long-term Outcomes of a Program to Increase Dental School Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged and Underrepresented Minority Students: The Dental Post-Baccalaureate Program H BRODY (1), C WIDES (1), C ALEXANDER (2), S GANSKY (1), E MERTZ (1) (1) University of California San Francisco, (2) University of California Los Angeles Objectives: The University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry established the Dental Post-baccalaureate Program in 1998 to provide reapplication assistance to students from economically and/or educationally disadvantaged backgrounds who were denied admission to dental school. The Program’s goals were to improve the diversity of the dental workforce and to improve access to care for the underserved. This paper seeks to assess the Program outcomes and practice patterns of UCSF Postbaccalaureate Program participants. Methods: Data on the participants’ pre/post DAT scores were collected from the Program along with post-Program dental school admission results to assess the short- and mid-term Program outcomes. Data were analyzed using a pre/post design of paired ttests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests to assess changes in numeric DAT scores. To assess longer term outcomes, participants who had completed dental school and had been in practice for at least two years were surveyed between 2009-2011 to ascertain their practice patterns. The survey had a response of rate of 94%. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to examine the responses and compared to nationally available practice data for new dental graduates. Results: Participants increased their DAT scores by an average of 2 points, and 98% of the participants were accepted to dental school. All of the respondents are practicing dentistry, and 81% are working with an underserved population. Their patient population is much more diverse than the general population, and 52% of these providers accept Medicaid patients. Conclusions: The short-, mid-, and long-term outcomes for the Post-baccalaureate Program’s participants demonstrate the overall success of the Program's goals of improving access for underserved populations and improving the diversity of the dental school population. Support: Award # P30DE020752 from the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research. #50 Title: Disparities in Oral Health Status During Pregnancy L H CHUNG (1), J CHENG (1), J GONZALEZ (1), S A ADAMS (2) (1) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences (2) Dept of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Objective: Pregnancy presents unique challenges to good oral health (OH) -increased gingival inflammation, limited access to dental care- putting women and their infants at increased risk for developing dental problems. This research examines oral hygiene practices, dental service use, and OH status during pregnancy using baseline data from an ongoing study, CenteringPregnancy® Oral Health Promotion (CPOP). Methods: CPOP is a pilot study (n=99) testing an educational intervention that aims to promote maternal and infant OH in pregnant women attending a group prenatal care program, CenteringPregnancy® (CP®), many of whom come from underserved communities. Baseline assessment of women from 4 San Francisco CP® sites during their 2nd trimester of pregnancy included a dental exam and questionnaire. Exam data (n=94) included full mouth periodontal probing, bleeding on probing, and visual School of Dentistry Research and Clinical Excellence Day 2011 Program 22
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Acknowledgements - UCSF School of Dentistry - University of ...

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