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characterized. Proliferation assays were achieved using alamar blue. Differentiation was characterized by staining for biomineralization with alizarin red. Results: In the short term, both rMSCs and hMSCs adhered to the synthetic ECM and remained viable. Results at 1, 5, and 14 days indicate an increase in proliferation with an increase in both RGD concentration and complex modulus. Quadratic response surface fitting resulted in a correlation coefficient of R^2 < 0.82. Increased biomineralization in regions with higher complex modulus and RGD concentration was detectable at longer incubation times (day 40). Conclusions: These results highlight the significance of an ECM’s biophysical microenvironment in guiding the self-renewing and pluripotent capabilities of MSCs. This study also highlights the group’s capabilities to produce biomineralization on biomimetic materials with much softer moduli than osseous tissue. Support: NIH/NIDCR T32 DE07306, NIH-NHLBI R01HL096525 #41 Title: Relationship of Glucans Synthesis and Bacteriocin Activities to Mutans Streptococci Transmission J LEUNG, J D B FEATHERSTONE, P DENBESTEN, C HOOVER, T HUYNH, L ZHAN UCSF Department of Orofacial Sciences Objectives: The aims of the study were to investigate whether: 1) sensitivity of mutans streptococci (MS) to bacteriocin produced by other closely related oral streptococci, namely S. sanguinis and S. gordonii; 2) mutacin activity of MS against other oral streptococci; 3) and formation of extracellular insoluble glucans by MS are associated with MS transmission from mothers to their children. Methods: Sixteen transmitted MS genotypes and 29 non-transmitted MS genotypes from 13 mothers who had transmitted MS to their children were included in the study. The sensitivities of MS to bacteriocin produced by S. sanguinis 10556 and S. gordonii 10558 were evaluated by bacterial overlaying assay. Mutacin activities of transmitted and non-transmitted MS against S. sanguinis 10556, S. gordonii 10558, S. mutans 25175, and S. sobrinus 6715 were also analyzed by the similar assay. Anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric assay will be used to quantify the extracted extracellular polysaccharide produced by transmitted and non-transmitted MS. Results: Mutacin activities of transmitted MS genotypes against S. mutans and S. sobrinus were significantly higher than those of non-transmitted MS genotypes (Student t test, P.05). Amount of glucans produced was not statistically related to MS transmission (Student t test, P
#43 Title: The Function of Leucine Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) in tooth formation. J STAHL, Y NAKANO, T LE, P DEN BESTEN UCSF Department of Orofacial Sciences Background: LRAP, or leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) is a 59 amino acid alternatively spliced amelogenin, which includes the first 33 and the last 26 amino acids from the full-length amelogenin. LRAP has been shown to have cell signaling properties, though its function in enamel formation remains unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of LRAP in mouse tooth formation, using a transgenic mouse, which overexpresses LRAP. Methods: Hemi-maxillas of wild-type (WT), and LRAP overexpressor in wild-type background (LRAP/WT) mice (0 and 5 days postnatal) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and demineralized in 8% EDTA (Ph 7.6) AT 4˚C. The jaws were embedded in paraffin for longitudinal sectioning. The localization of various matrix, differentiation, and signaling proteins in the developing tooth organ were compared by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Immunoreactivity was detected with a Vecastatin ABC kit. Right dry hemimandibles were scanned with a microCT to characterize the mineral density of the dental tissues in WT and transgenic mice. Results: In both newborn and day 5 mice, ameloblast morphology was disrupted, suggesting an interference with cell polarization. IHC In newborn LRAP/WT mice revealed a transient upregulation of amelogenin in secretory ameloblasts and adjacent odontoblasts, with no similar upregulation in WT mouse molars. In the maxillary first molar of postnatal day 5 LRAP/WT mice, ameloblasts were poorly organized and enamel matrix formation was almost completely absent. Amelogenin immunostaining in the cell cytoplasm of LRAP/WT mice was increased as compared to controls, and Lamp1 was upregulated in both ameloblasts and odontoblasts of postnatal day 5 LRAP/WT mice. Initial microCT data showed an overall delay in mandibular incisor and molar development in the LRAP/WT mice at the early post-natal stage. Conclusions: Early overexpression of LRAP interferes with ameloblast function and tooth development. # 44 Title: Are Dental Caries in Adolescents Associated with Health Insurance? S SUNDARRAJAN (1), J CHENG (2), S HYDE (2) (1) Graduate Division UCSF, (2) UCSF Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences Objective: To determine the association between health insurance and dental caries among adolescents aged 12-19 years from a national sample of a diverse population. Methods: This secondary data analysis of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set from 2005-2008 focuses on the oral health exam component, health insurance, and demographic variables. The primary outcome measure is the presence of dental caries, and the predictor of interest is health insurance. Covariates in the analyses include age, gender, race/ethnicity, country of birth, annual family income, and presence of dental sealant. Data were analyzed using STATA 11. Since NHANES was a multistage, complex survey, Stata’s survey commands and pweight option were used to handle the sampling weights and clustering. Results: Teenagers without dental sealants, born outside the US, who were Mexican American, Other Hispanic, or Non-Hispanic Black, and whose families did not have health insurance had twice the number of decayed teeth as those with sealants, born in the US, Non-Hispanic Whites, and whose families did have health insurance (all p
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