Conveyance and End-of-Pipe Measures for Stormwater - FCM

4. Applications and Limitations
Tables 4–1a and 4–1b highlight the application
requirements, opportunities, limitations,
proven effectiveness, and cost considerations
for conveyance control and end-of-pipe
facilities. It is recommended that reference
be made to Appendix A for additional details.
4.1 Application Requirements
It is essential to consider the application
requirements for the different facilities,
such as space availability, size of catchment
area, hydraulic head, etc. Conveyance
and end-of-pipe best management practices
are different from source and on-site controls,
which are mostly applied and maintained
by private ownership. On the other hand,
conveyance and end-of-pipe controls are
basically applied, and owned, operated,
and maintained by the municipality.
The relative maintenance effort required
for the practice in terms of frequency
of inspection and maintenance needs
to be considered. Community acceptance
with regard to minimal nuisance problems,
visual amenity, and aesthetic value is also
significant (Jaska, 2000 and AEP, 1999). Public
education and buy-in are generally needed
and, hence, community involvement should
always be encouraged.
4.2 Opportunities and Limitations
Identified opportunities are based on new
developments or redevelopments, land and
space requirements, and enhancement
of aquatic and fisheries habitat.. Physical
limitations include the presence of certain
surface features, such as type of land use,
type of soil, depth of bedrock, and water table,
the roof-to-lot area ratio, ground topography,
size of the drainage area, and condition
of the existing storm sewer pipes in the area.
4.3 Proven Effectiveness
The degree of effectiveness of facilities
is assessed by how well they achieve
the project objectives and goals. Effectiveness
is design-dependent (based on the desired
level of contaminant removal, tributary area,
and level of imperviousness). Generally,
difficulties have usually been due to poor
design (storage media, filter cloth, lack
of pre-treatment), poor construction practices,
poor maintenance practices, inadequate
stabilization of development before
construction (construction timing) or poor
site physical conditions (soils, water table,
bedrock depth).
Conveyance and End-of-Pipe Measures for Stormwater Control — July 2005 33
4. Applications and
Limitations
4.1 Application
Requirements
4.2 Opportunities and
Limitations
4.3 Proven Effectiveness
Public education
and buy-in
are generally
needed and,
hence, community
involvement
should always
be encouraged.