Journal of Eurasian Studies

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April-June 2012 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume IV., Issue 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. To uproot the pillars of joint family system based on traditional and Islamic values, Soviet regime encouraged the development of nuclear households by building apartments fit for small families. Colette Harris: Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures, Vol. II, p. 251, Leiden, 2005 14. Marufa Tokhtajkhodehjeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 68 15. Since basic issue i e the control over the money earned by a women was not actually addressed by the Soviet authorities. Several descriptions on extended family reveals that husbands mother still controlled entire treasure of the family.M.A.Tolmcheva; ‘’The Muslim Women in Soviet Central’’Central Asian Survey, Vol. 12 (4), P 536, Great Britain., 1993. 16. The induction of women into the production process was motivated by economic considerations apart from ideological transformation. Prior to the revolution Central Asia served as one main source of raw cotton for Russian textiles. However, during the years of Civil War there was a drastic curtailment in cotton production due to large scale peasant movements and their shift to grain cultivation. To achieve self- sufficiency in cotton, Soviet regime brought new lands under cotton cultivation for which they needed working force and such working hands were found among women who were hard working, patient, and skilful. 17. During the land reforms period, women heading households were legally acknowledged as the heads of their families and, by virtue of this status, agricultural lands along with equipment and seed were allotted to women. Just in four regions of Uzbekistan 706 women received land and achieved economic equality. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 54 18. During 1930s a ban was proclaimed on job changes. No kolkhoz worker could find a job anywhere without producing the passport from previous administrator. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 54 19. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 105 20. According to a 1970 survey, women constituted only about 2% (out of 21,680) of the mechanized agricultural workers whereas about 98% were engaged as manual labourers. Nancy Lubin: “Women in Soviet Central Asia, Progress and Contradictions,” Soviet Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 182-203, 1981 21. As 1930s were all years of collectivization, 1960s and 1970s were the years of ‘cottonisation,’ which involved over half of the female rural population in age group 15-50 in one way or another in cotton production. 22. The portraying of cotton-gathering women as truly happy, and some happier being rewarded by the leaders in Soviet style, was used to hypnotize the Soviet people and the world outside into accepting the _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2012 18
April-June 2012 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume IV., Issue 2. _____________________________________________________________________________________ mythical freedom of Soviet Central Asian women. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 115 23. The tyranny of cotton monoculture is hurtfully expressed here in a folk-song: Ruling over us from time immemorial white cotton black day! Heaven beyond the grave, but for now, All we get is work, while others grow rich! The white cotton grows tall, but our wage packet is small. God is in heaven, but for now All we get is work, while others grow rich! Honey is sweet but the bee stings There we shall be rewarded, but for now All we do is sweat while others grow rich! Still ruling over us from time immemorial; White cotton, black days. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 115 24. Women of Uzbekistan have narrated numerous agonies which they have experienced during the Soviet period and the heavy price they paid for the success of Soviet policies. For details see M. Tokhtakhdejeava’s Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam 25. By a decree of 1931, Central Asian Bureau of Trade Unions removed the restrictions on the induction of female workers in production process and legalized women’s right to perform heavy physical labour. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 118 26. By one estimate, in 1931, Tashkent leather industry had 9800 workers 5800 of them females, textile industry had 7000 women workers 3000 of them from local nationalities, and silk factory had 1107 workers 514 of them females. M. Tokhtakhdejeava: Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 118 27. “There was a low mechanization and non-existence of safety measures which often caused causalities to the workers. In certain factories temperature used to be very high which caused humidity and a dreadful smell especially in summer.” Such were the many comments of factory workers working in the industrial sector during Soviet period, as viewed from M. Tokhtakhdejeava’s Between the Slogans of Communism and the Laws of Islam, p. 121 28. Shock-worker and Stakhanovite awards were conferred upon those workers who exceeded the targeted quota of production. _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2012 19
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