The effects of road pricing - Feweb - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

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© Barry Ubbels, 2006 Cover illustration: This research has been carried out within the NWO/Connekt VEV project on “A Multidisciplinay Study of Pricing Policies in Transport”; nr. 014-34-351. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Road Pricing Effectiveness, Acceptance and Institutional Aspects ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Bedrijfskunde op woensdag 27 september 2006 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Barry Johan Ubbels geboren te Monnickendam
Page 1: Road Pricing Effectiveness, Accepta
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements This dissertation
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1..........................
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 7..........................
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Transpor
Page 13 and 14: pricing regimes. But it is also rel
Page 15 and 16: analyses the welfare consequences o
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 The economics of transpor
Page 21 and 22: (distortive) taxes. This, in turn,
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2.1: Welfare maximisation in
Page 25 and 26: The public finance and tax literatu
Page 27 and 28: set the other prices exactly equal
Page 29 and 30: It should be emphasised that optima
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.3: The economics of road p
Page 33 and 34: contribute to the cost of that faci
Page 35 and 36: equals QM (PM- CM). Under perfect c
Page 37 and 38: which various costs or constraints
Page 39: addresses a range of complexities t
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3 Behavioural responses to
Page 45 and 46: • changes in modal split; • cha
Page 47 and 48: greater efficiency gains than unifo
Page 49 and 50: pricing are quite small when compar
Page 51 and 52: charges in this latter scenario ind
Page 53 and 54:
• Recent studies; • Both long-t
Page 55 and 56:
Geurs and van Wee (1997) report the
Page 57 and 58:
Parking price elasticities Parking
Page 59 and 60:
day choices of commuters as well as
Page 61 and 62:
clear description of the dependent
Page 63 and 64:
considered). Even if (dis)advantage
Page 65 and 66:
the extent to which the important v
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 4 Valuing time, scheduling,
Page 69 and 70:
attracts younger people and respond
Page 71 and 72:
4.3 Analysis of interval estimates
Page 73 and 74:
later, 0.75 versus 0.25. These prob
Page 75 and 76:
maximisation theory assumes that an
Page 77 and 78:
defined two utility expressions: on
Page 79 and 80:
standard deviation of travel time i
Page 81 and 82:
Table 4.10: Monetary values implied
Page 83 and 84:
the previously mentioned 2004 value
Page 85 and 86:
Appendix 4B Example of one screen (
Page 87:
Appendix 4D Estimation results of s
Page 90 and 91:
Appendix 4F Explanation and populat
Page 92 and 93:
focus is first on the short-term re
Page 94 and 95:
− Travel at other times (only whe
Page 96 and 97:
Table 5.3: Effectiveness related to
Page 98 and 99:
Table 5.6: Aggregated outcomes of b
Page 100 and 101:
There are considerable differences
Page 102 and 103:
5.4.2 Results for measure 1: a kilo
Page 104 and 105:
egularly experience congestion more
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1.3% (MRB only) to 4.6% (MRB and BP
Page 108 and 109:
differentiated according to weight.
Page 110 and 111:
Table 5.14: Results of ordered prob
Page 112 and 113:
younger people and households ownin
Page 114 and 115:
Appendix 5B Explanation and populat
Page 116 and 117:
Measure Measure 3A Measure 3B Measu
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 6 Auctioning concessions fo
Page 121 and 122:
Financial regulation can take sever
Page 123 and 124:
various circumstances (such as a mi
Page 125 and 126:
Total welfare (W) is now equal to t
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 6.1: Combination of toll and
Page 129 and 130:
emains performing well. The declini
Page 131 and 132:
Omega 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -3.5 -3 -
Page 133 and 134:
subsidies, which would punish or re
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 6A List of Symbols N Total
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix 6C Description of the Lagr
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 6D Derivation of first-ord
Page 141:
Rewriting (14) we find an expressio
Page 144 and 145:
and presents the simulation results
Page 146 and 147:
These side effects are often ignore
Page 148 and 149:
centre of a city. It is assumed tha
Page 150 and 151:
epresent a realistic situation. Bef
Page 152 and 153:
various iso-surplus functions. Fina
Page 154 and 155:
Cap1 (city) 1100 1075 1050 1025 100
Page 156 and 157:
difference between both second-best
Page 158 and 159:
consideration. Therefore, we simply
Page 160 and 161:
Appendix 7A List of Symbols N Total
Page 162 and 163:
∂L ∂λ R1 ∂L ∂λ R2 = c 1 =
Page 164 and 165:
∂D ⎛ ⎞ C ∂D ⎜ R1 ∂DR 2
Page 166 and 167:
Appendix 7C Numerical results The f
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 8 Acceptance of road pricin
Page 171 and 172:
a technology that would, in princip
Page 173 and 174:
8.3.1 Acceptability and the impleme
Page 175 and 176:
price measures. The authors find no
Page 177 and 178:
implementation, and an already adeq
Page 179 and 180:
are likely to play a role in enlarg
Page 181 and 182:
ecovery. This may make it very diff
Page 183 and 184:
The second dividend results from th
Page 185:
common, but nevertheless sometimes
Page 188 and 189:
include the value of schedule delay
Page 190 and 191:
(lower fuel taxes) have higher acce
Page 192 and 193:
Table 9.2: Results of ordered probi
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
e expected, respondents who are not
Page 200 and 201:
The mean level of acceptance for al
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
abolition of purchase taxation (inc
Page 206 and 207:
and 2A, both time-differentiated me
Page 208 and 209:
Most of our findings for the import
Page 210 and 211:
Appendix 9B Description of first se
Page 212 and 213:
Appendix 9D Ordered probit analysis
Page 214 and 215:
Appendix 9E Explanation and populat
Page 217 and 218:
Chapter 10 Synthesis 10.1 Overview
Page 219 and 220:
The second institutional issue of i
Page 221 and 222:
tolling scheme to be applied. Aucti
Page 223 and 224:
References Aarts, H., 1996. Habits
Page 225 and 226:
CUPID, 2000, State of the Art - Fre
Page 227 and 228:
Guiliano, G., 1993, An Assessment o
Page 229 and 230:
MC-ICAM, 2002, Relevant Optima and
Page 231 and 232:
Schade, J., 2003, European Research
Page 233 and 234:
Tsai, J-F, and C-P Chu, 2003, The A
Page 235 and 236:
Yang, H. and X. Zhang, 2002, Determ
Page 237 and 238:
analyseert de mate van acceptatie v
Page 239 and 240:
Institutionele aspecten Efficiënte
Page 241 and 242:
niet zozeer op het gebruik (afgezie
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