EN REPORT (SCIE) F&B (3529b) - FreshwaterLife

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Table 13. Animals and diseases with demonstrated major negative environmental effects Major group Scientific name Common name Mode of environ impact Marine mollusc Crepidula fornicata Slipper limpet Habitat modification Diadromous crustacean Eriocheir sinensis Chinese mitten crab Habitat modification Freshwater crustacean Pacifastacus leniusculus Signal crayfish Competitor; disease vector Freshwater fish Pseudorasbora parva Topmouth gudgeon Predator and competitor Bird Branta canadensis Canada goose Habitat eutrophication, competition, herbivory Bird Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy duck Introgression with Whiteheaded Duck in Spain Mammal Muntiacus reevesi Chinese muntjac Consumption of desired species; habitat modification Mammal Mustela vison American mink Predator Mammal Myocastor coypus Coypu Destructive herbivore; habitat modification Mammal Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit Destructive herbivore, also with positive effects Mammal Rattus norvegicus Brown rat Predator Mammal Sciurus carolinensis Eastern grey squirrel Predator; destructive herbivore Flowering plant Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Competitor; aesthetically bad Flowering plant Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot-fig Competitor; aesthetically bad Flowering plant Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed Competitor; aesthetically bad Flowering plant Heracleum Giant hogweed Competitor; human health mantegazzianum hazard; aesthetically bad Flowering plant Quercus ilex Evergreen oak Competitor Flowering plant Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendron Competitor; aesthetically bad Ascomycete Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Dutch elm disease Disease of valued species Other fungus Phytophthora alni Dieback of alder Disease of valued species Other fungus Phytophthora ramorum Sudden oak death Parasite 30
Table 14. Trends in range and abundance for marine and terrestrial groups Trend Current trend Marine Animals Plants Fungi & microbes Total Strongly decreasing 2 28 30 Decreasing 1 15 56 1 73 No change 43 112 375 16 546 Increasing 9 79 190 12 290 Strongly increasing 1 17 16 2 36 No data 10 299 15 114 407 Future trend Decreasing 8 79 1 88 No change 35 138 415 19 607 Increasing 7 59 181 10 257 Strongly increasing 3 4 7 No data 22 316 1 115 423 Strongly-increasing animals, plants and fungi (Table 15) are not necessarily a threat to wildlife. Many of them are them are restricted to introduced species or man-made habitats. In one case, the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans, the animal attacks non-native species and has now been controlled by a predator, so that its increasing phase is over. Undoubtedly, however, the list includes many organisms that may adversely affect the environment. Future trends are necessarily speculative, and compilers’ dislike of speculation may account for the fact that in general they predicted less change in the next twenty years than at present. Table 15. Species that were strongly increasing in the 20 years to 2005 Name of major group Scientific name Common name marine crustaceans Elminius modestus a barnacle non-marine molluscs Boettgerilla pallens Worm slug non-marine molluscs Deroceras panormitanum Caruana's or Sicilian sSlug non-marine molluscs Hygromia cinctella Girdled snail non-marine molluscs Physa (alien spp.) beetles Dendroctonus micans Great spruce bark beetle beetles Harmonia axyridis Harlequin ladybird beetles Rhizophagus grandis a predatory beetle butterflies and moths Blastobasis decolorella butterflies and moths Cameraria ohridella Horse chestnut leaf miner butterflies and moths Ectoedemia heringella a leaf-miner on holm oak true bugs Floria variegata a psyllid freshwater fish Pseudorasbora parva Topmouth gudgeon birds Anser anser Greylag goose birds Branta canadensis Canada goose birds Phasianus colchicus colchicus Common pheasant mammals Muntiacus reevesi Chinese muntjac mammals Oryctolagus cuniculus European rabbit flowering plants Amsinckia micrantha Common fiddleneck flowering plants Brassica napus Rape flowering plants Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush 31
Page 1: Report Number 662 Audit of non-nati
Page 5 and 6: Summary This paper presents the res
Page 7 and 8: Contents Summary 1. Introduction...
Page 9 and 10: 1 Introduction Invasive non-native
Page 11 and 12: Together with these major sources,
Page 13 and 14: iogeographical boundary between nor
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. British Ornithologists’
Page 17 and 18: 5.10.1 Archaeophytes Non-native arc
Page 19 and 20: addition, the taxonomy of many grou
Page 21 and 22: introduced species in uncertain, ei
Page 23 and 24: Table 4. Numbers and proportions of
Page 25 and 26: cat, ferret and goat. Almost all th
Page 27 and 28: The category of species that are ex
Page 29: Table 12. Economic and ecological e
Page 33 and 34: 8 Conclusions The audit of aliens s
Page 35 and 36: ATKINS, S.M., JONES, A.M., & GARWOO
Page 37 and 38: BLACKMAN, R.L. 1984. Two species of
Page 39 and 40: CARTER, J., & LEONARD, B.P. 2002. A
Page 41 and 42: COX, M.L. (in prep.). Atlas of Chry
Page 43 and 44: ELLIS, J.P. 1977a. The genera Trich
Page 45 and 46: GIBSON, D.I. 1993. Monobothrium wag
Page 47 and 48: HASLE, G.R. 1983. Thalassiosira pun
Page 49 and 50: ING, B. 1985. Pisolithus in Ireland
Page 51 and 52: KLAAR, M., COPP, G.H., & HORSFIELD,
Page 53 and 54: MARQUISS, M., and others. 2003. Con
Page 55 and 56: NBN SPECIES DICTIONARY. 2005. Avail
Page 57 and 58: PRESTON, C.D., PEARMAN, D.A., & DIN
Page 59 and 60: SHARROCK, J.T.R., ed. 1976. The Atl
Page 61 and 62: STRAW, N.A., & BELLET-TRAVERS, M. 2
Page 63 and 64: WELCH, R.C. 2000. Phytomyza hellebo
Page 65 and 66: Appendix 1. Categories for species
Page 67 and 68: Appendix 2. Terrestrial and marine
Page 69 and 70: Appendix 3. EUNIS typology of habit
Page 71 and 72: Appendix 4. Headings in database Th
Page 73 and 74: (earliest) and Date 2 (latest). Pre
Page 75 and 76: Direct economic value Valued animal
Page 77 and 78: NM Moore PJC Chandler RH Hammon RHA
Page 79 and 80: Scientific name Common name Comment
Page 81 and 82:
Paurocotylis pila an ascomycete Rec
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EN REPORT (SCIE) F&B (3529b) - FreshwaterLife

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