Coagulation Factors in Controlling Traumatic Bleeds: FFP, PCC, or ...

REFERENCES (continued)
28. Downes K, Wilson E, Yomtovian R, et al. Serial measurements of clotting factors in thawed plasma stored for 5
days. Transfusion 2001; 41(4):570.
29. Samama CM. Prothrombin complex concentrates: a brief review. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25(10):784-9.
30. Grottke O, Braunschweig T, Spronk HM, et al. Increasing concentrations of prothrombin complex concentrate
induce disseminated intravascular coagulation in a pig model of coagulopathy with blunt liver injury.
Blood 2011; 118(7):1943-51.
31. Dager WE. Using prothrombin complex concentrates to rapidly reverse oral anticoagulant effects. Ann
Pharmacother 2011; 45(7):1016-20.
32. Godier A, Susen S, Samama CM. Treatment of massive bleeding with prothrombin complex concentrate:
argument against. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8(12):2592-5.
33. Sørensen B, Spahn DR, Innerhofer P, et al. Clinical review: prothrombin complex concentrates – evaluation of
safety and thrombogenicity. Crit Care 2011; 15(1):201 (ePub).
34. Dickneite G, Pragst I. Prothrombin complex concentrate vs fresh frozen plasma for reversal of dilutional
coagulopathy in a porcine trauma model. Brit J Anaesth 2009; 102(3):345-54.
35. NovoSeven ® RT [package insert]. Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark; Revised January 2010. Accessed
February 23, 2012.
36. Rizoli SB, Boffard KD, Riou B, et al. Recombinant activated factor VII as an adjunctive therapy for bleeding
control in severe trauma patients with coagulopathy: subgroup analysis from two randomized trials. Crit
Care 2006; 10(6):R178.
37. DeLoughery TG. Management of bleeding emergencies: when to use recombinant activated Factor VII. Expert
Opin Pharmaco 2006; 7(1):25-34.
38. Kenet G, Walden R, Eldad A, et al. Treatment of traumatic bleeding with recombinant factor VIIa. Lancet 1999;
354(9193):1879.
39. Nishijima DK, Dager WE, Schrot RJ, et al. The efficacy of factor VIIa in emergency department patients with
warfarin use and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17(3):244-51.
40. Sarode R, Matevosyan K, Bhagat R, et al. Rapid warfarin reversal: a 3-factor prothrombin complex concentrate
and recombinant factor VIIa cocktail for intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg published online ahead of
print 2011.
41. Kalina M, Tinkoff G, Gbadebo A, et al. A protocol for the rapid normalization of INR in trauma patients with
intracranial hemorrhage on prescribed warfarin therapy. Am Surgeon 2008; 74(9):858-61.
42. Barletta JF, Ahrens CL, Tyburski JG, et al. A review of recombinant factor VII for refractory bleeding in
nonhemophilic trauma patients. J Trauma 2005; 58(3):646-51.
43. Pape HC, Erhardtsen E, Meyer C, et al. Recombinant factor VIIa for life-threatening hemorrhage in trauma
patients: review of the literature. Eur J Trauma 2006; 32(5):439-48.
44. Boffard KD, Riou B, Warren B, et al. Recombinant factor VIIa as adjunctive therapy for bleeding control in
severely inured trauma patients: two parallel randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trials.
J Trauma 2005; 59:8-18.
45. Levi M, Levy JH, Anderson HF. Safety of recombinant activated factor VII in randomized clinical trials. N Eng J
Med 2010; 363(19):1791-800.
46. Ferrari L, Podda GM. Off-label use of recombinant activated coagulation factor VII for bleeding may raise the
risk of arterial thrombosis. Intern Emerg Med 2011; 6(3):261-2.
47. Poon BB, Witmer C, Pruemer J. Coagulation Disorders. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, eds.
Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 8th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
http://www.accesspharmacy.com/content.aspx?aID=8000061. Accessed February 26, 2012.
48. Injury Severity Scoring. Surgical Critical Care.
http://www.surgicalcriticalcare.net/Resources/injury_severity_scoring.pdf. May 29, 2001. Accessed
February 4, 2012.
49. Profilnine ® SD [package insert]. Grifols Biologicals Inc., Los Angeles, CA: 2004. Accessed February 23, 2012.
50. Bebulin ® VH [package insert]. Baxter Healthcare Corporation: Westlake Village, CA: Revised September 2006.
Accessed February 23, 2012.
51. Doherty DE. Glasgow Coma Scale. Medscape Pharmacists. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/412341.
March 20, 2011. Accessed February 9, 2012.
52. Maas AI, Hukkelhoven CW, Marshall LF, et al. Prediction of outcome in traumatic brain injury with computed
tomographic characteristics: a comparison between the computed tomographic classification and
combinations of computed tomographic predictors. Neurosurgery 2005; 57(6):1173-82.
R. Sohraby 17