Madagascar - GFDRR

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Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Recovery and Reconstruction: Madagascar 99 Figure 53 : Overturned bridge on RN 6 In the case of roads that were cut off, the flow of products was slowed while they remained cut off – and even afterward, since the corrective measures undertaken to date are only temporary. In the case of the city of Marolambo, for example, the basic health center was relocated in an unsuitable building. From a health perspective, the spread of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and malnutrition-related illnesses has disproportionately affected vulnerable persons (women, children, and the elderly). Risk management Every year, Madagascar is prone to cyclones. The negative impact of such calamities, intensified by the climate change which the planet now faces, is growing greater and greater. As a result, actions must be undertaken to minimize the harmful effects of such a disaster. In the case of the transport sector, the infrastructure needs to be strengthened. To that end, the measures described below are recommended. Road infrastructure In general, the recommended safety level for all infrastructure except bridges is: - 1 flood in 100 years if the structure is of primary importance (for example, along national roads) - 1 flood in 50 years if the structure is of secondary importance For bridges along national roads: - 1 flood in 100 years safety level for the overall bridge structure - 1 flood in 300 years safety level for the bridge platform
100 Damage, Loss, and Needs Assessment for Recovery and Reconstruction: Madagascar In some mountainous areas, serious erosion has developed. Erosion depends on local slopes, soil composition, rainfall patterns, land use, humidity, and vegetation. Overall erosion of the mountains will continue or even increase over time. Accordingly, the recommendation is to protect watersheds and thereby protect infrastructure, farm fields, and surrounding villages. Figure 54 : Flooding along roadways A large portion of eroded material is transported by rivers. The sediment carried by rivers results in sand deposits and/or flooding along the watercourse. The recommendation in this case is to implement a program of intensified tracking of the sedimentation process in order to measure the form of the riverbed and regularly check its level after each flood, analyze the size of the deposit and its composition based on samples, monitor surface runoff deposits, and measure deposit concentrations at certain monitoring stations during floods. The data will be used for morphological studies which have the ultimate objective of forecasting future development of the sedimentation process. These forecasts could then be used to estimate any adjustments that need to be made. To stop riverbank erosion or restore an eroded section, permanent bank protection would be an appropriate action. The type of protection will depend on the local situation. A study of the local river morphology is recommended to ensure optimal design of the actions described. Governance issues The National Risk Management Bureau (CPGU) in the Office of the Prime Minister, established by Decree 2005-866, lays out the implementation arrangements for Law 2003-010 of September 5, 2003 pertaining to national risk and disaster management policy. Through the assistance of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR a TRACK II steering committee has been working since December 2007 with the goal of setting up a structure and a mechanism in the country for dealing with disasters. This assistance, scheduled for three years, is very useful because there is a need for improvement in four areas, corresponding to four components of TRACK II, as follows: - risk assessment - risk mitigation - risk management financing - emergency management
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1. National Plan for Disaster Risk
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Madagascar - GFDRR

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