Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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■■ for the population affected by a disaster and the provision of services such as health care and education will not be interrupted. Industrial and commercial activities will also be able to proceed without interruption. Assets. Resettlement means that all private, communal and institutional assets can be relocated to a place where they will not be damaged or destroyed. The relocation of productive assets is particularly important so that economic activities can continue without affecting the income of the population or revenue for society as a whole. The only asset that cannot be relocated is land, which will represent a cost in resettlement. Table 2.1 details the potential savings (shown in light green cells) from preventive resettlement, gained by avoiding post-disaster reconstruction costs; the only cost that remains is that associated with building infrastructure and providing land for new settlements. Table 2.1. Savings Achieved by Preventive Resettlement vis-à-vis the Potential Costs of Post-disaster Reconstruction Impacts Human lives Infrastructure Death Injuries Houses Communal facilities (churches, parks, community centers) Public installations (medical care facilities, schools, sports and recreation centers, etc.) Structures for productive activities (industry, trade, services) Monetary Non-monetary Direct costs Indirect costs Direct costs Indirect costs ■■ Economic activity ■■ Loss of income ■■ Trauma for survivors ■■ expected by society ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Funeral costs Areas for disposing of bodies Medical care expenses Loss of work days Loss of investment Repairs and reconstruction costs Removing rubble costs Loss of investment Repairs and reconstruction costs Removing rubble costs Loss of investment Repairs and reconstruction costs Removing rubble costs Loss of investment Repairs and reconstruction costs Removing rubble costs ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cost of attending to survivors (widows, orphans) Loss of employment and income Cost of temporary housing Loss of net worth Loss of access to credit Temporary facilities costs Cost of constructing or adapting temporary installations to deliver services Total or partial cost of loss of services Loss of net worth Loss of income Decline in productivity Unemployment Disruption of production chains Increased cost of transporting goods from external supply zones Disruption of family and social ties Social impacts on survivors (widows, orphans) ■■ Injuries, disabilities ■■ Psychological consequences ■■ Loss of shelter ■■ Psychological and social consequences ■■ ■■ ■■ Loss of access to facilities and services Loss of access to facilities and services, interruptions in education, delays or interruption in health care services, etc. Reduction in the supply of goods and services ■■ ■■ Disruption of social activities Reduction of human capital, increased morbidity rate Potential social conflicts Continues 20 Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster: Experiences from Latin America
Table 2.1. Continuation Impacts Assets Land (private, communal, public) Other private assets Other public assets Other communal assets Productive assets (private, communal, public) Monetary Non-monetary Direct costs Indirect costs Direct costs Indirect costs ■■ Loss of investment ■■ Loss of economic activities related to the use of land ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Loss of savings, IDs and personal belongings (furniture, clothing, household electrical appliances, etc.) Replacement cost of goods Loss of public property Replacement costs Loss of community property (religious, cultural, recreational, educational, etc.) Property replacement costs Loss of machinery, equipment, tools Cost of replacing productive assets ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Replacement of identification documents and personal belongings, costs of bringing relief items to victims. Loss of investment Reallocation of regular budget funds to replace assets Reduced investment in other areas Loss of income, unemployment ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Loss of identity and belonging Loss of access to services Dependency on foreign aid Reduced expansion of coverage or provision of services in different areas Loss of social structure and networks, reduced social and cultural capital Reduced quality of life and living conditions ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Psychological and social consequences Psychological consequences Loss of human capital Alterations in social and cultural dynamics Stress and other psychological consequences 3. Case Studies Resettlement as a preventive measure of disaster riskreduction strategy is still in its early stages. However, it needs to be analyzed given its benefits in terms of protecting life and assets, the technology available to identify and assess risks, and the increasing number of disasters and people affected. To that end, and with support from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, preventive resettlement experiences were studied in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala. These were selected because they illustrate conditions and practices in different parts of LAC: Central America, Andean countries, and the Southern Cone. 3.1 Objectives The main objectives of the case studies were to: ■■ ■■ Document various experiences with resettling populations living in high-risk areas, the legal and institutional frameworks in which they were carried out, the housing solutions adopted, the sources and cost of financing, and participation by communities and local authorities; Present the lessons learned in a guide on resettlement for disaster risk reduction that could be used by governments, institutions and communities. Chapter 2 Resettlement as a Disaster Risk Reduction Measure: Case Studies 21
Page 1 and 2: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 3 and 4: Preventive Resettlement of Populati
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations ............
Page 7 and 8: 9. Lessons Learned During the Reloc
Page 9 and 10: 10. The Transition from the Informa
Page 11 and 12: Table 6.2. Institutions Involved in
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 3 CIA COAH-INA CONAE EM-DAT
Page 15 and 16: NEPO NUDEC PPDC PROCAV SEHAB SINDEC
Page 17 and 18: CIAAP COCODE COE COMUDE CONRED DICA
Page 19 and 20: Foreword Latin America and the Cari
Page 21: options to resettle the population,
Page 24 and 25: Figure 1.1. Occurrence of Geologica
Page 26 and 27: Figure 1.4. Percentage of Deaths by
Page 28 and 29: words, 72.2 percent of the deaths w
Page 30 and 31: (Figure 1.8). In that same period,
Page 32 and 33: Ecuador and Peru) are estimated to
Page 34 and 35: the solid waste discharged into the
Page 36 and 37: Figure 1.13. The Hyogo Framework fo
Page 38 and 39: grinding poverty and weak governanc
Page 40 and 41: ———. 2009a. Global Assessment
Page 44 and 45: Mechanisms for consulting and negot
Page 46 and 47: Photo: Willie Heinz/IDB
Page 48 and 49: Figure 3.1. Percentage of the Urban
Page 50 and 51: the unit again, to the National Dir
Page 52 and 53: ity to floods within the participat
Page 54 and 55: ecame active subjects in transformi
Page 56 and 57: These agreements could have been te
Page 58 and 59: unable to do the actual constructio
Page 60 and 61: 4.10 Use Made of Reclaimed Flood-ri
Page 62 and 63: The self-effort and mutual assistan
Page 64 and 65: References Arnold, Margaret. 2004.
Page 66 and 67: The most significant natural disast
Page 68 and 69: ■■ Organize and coordinate SIND
Page 70 and 71: canalizing streams, and carrying ou
Page 72 and 73: 4. Profile of the Population The fa
Page 74 and 75: In this option, families were tempo
Page 76 and 77: lished when PROCAV II was launched
Page 78 and 79: housing, they more readily accepted
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 5: Colombia Nueva Esperanza
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.1 Effects of the Five Sever
Page 85 and 86: B. Capital District of Bogotá Bogo
Page 87 and 88: SDPAE includes 25 institutions in t
Page 89 and 90: Initially, the amount assessed due
Page 91 and 92: Table 5.3. Participation of Capital
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 5.4 Types of Houses BUILT WI
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Table 5.6 Continuation Activities E
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7.2 Support for Moving to the New H
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in municipalities in the Andean, Ca
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were maintained. The teams of profe
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12. Lessons Learned Because the res
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Bibliography Alcaldía Mayor de Bog
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worst threat, followed by tropical
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In its prevention activities, CONRE
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4.3 Disaster Risk Management Model
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This integrated and culturally sens
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4. Consequences of Tropical Storm S
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To that end, the Santiago Atitlán
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Table 6.2. Continuation Component C
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tion Commission consisting of the l
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ Cultura
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■■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ■■
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Bibliography INSIVUMEH (Instituto N
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emarkable growth is not accompanied
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synergies created to overcome one o
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and status: They went from being in
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eligious beliefs - converged to cre
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Glossary * Acceptable risk The leve
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Hazard A dangerous phenomenon, subs
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About the Authors and Contributors
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Preventive Resettlement of Populati
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Preventive Resettlement of Populations at Risk of Disaster - GFDRR

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