Comparison between CV4 and EV4 - Osteopathic Research

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13 2.3 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 2.3.1 Formation and circulation The CSF is a watery, clear and chemically stable liquid that constantly renews itself within a few hours and contains energy sources such as nutrients (glucose, amino-acids); micro-nutrients (Vit.C, Vit.B, Na+, K+, etc.); proteins (immunoglobine, viral antibodies, etc.); endorphins; hormones and neurotransmitters. The CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricular system but also around the vascular system and in the subarachnoidal space. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves can be seen in the choroid plexus. They innervate the blood vessels as well as the epithelium. The parasympathetic tissues originate almost in their entirety from the superior cervical ganglion. A rising sympathetic tone leads to a decrease of the liquor production of up to 30%, while the liquor production of the parasympathetic increases up to 100%. 16 The CSF of the lateral ventricles circulates through the inter-ventricular foramina (Monroi) to the third ventricle, and from there through the aquaeduct cerebri (Sylvius) to the fourth ventricle. The liquor originating from all of these production areas flows through the median aperture (Magendii) and the lateral aperture (Luschkae) to the subarachnoidal space, where it circulates around the two hemispheres of the cerebrum and the spinal cord. 16 LIEM Torsten: Kraniosacrale Osteopathie, Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, p.214 Margit Grill / 2006
14 fig. 4 CSF - circulation The liquor re-absorption occurs in the venal system via the arachnoid granulations (Paccioni) laying in the superior sagittal sinus as well as through the capillary vessel walls in the CNS (central nervous system) and in the pia mater. At this point the blood-brain barrier keeps the liquor stable. The subarachnoidal space extends to the change of the cerebral to the spinal nerves where the liquors flows through thick venal plexi and microtobuli of collagen fibers to the connective tissues and eventually reaches the lymphatic system. The liquor production depends on the arterial system while its re-absorption depends on the venal system; thus follows a functional connection between the liquor, the venal and arterial systems, as well as a connex liquor – lymphatic system. A better exchange between cells, liquor, venal-, arterial-, and lymphatic systems should result from the CV4 and EV4 technique. According to Sutherland, it is important that the rhythmical fluctuations of the CSF extend themselves unobstructed in the head. Should the free flow of the CSF be restricted, the whole body could suffer from disorders and malfunctions. 17 17 SUTHERLAND William Garner: Contributions of thought, 2nd Edition, (edited by A. Strand Sutherland, A. Wales), Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, Portland, Oregon: Rudra Press, 1998, p.176, p.194 Margit Grill / 2006
Page 1 and 2: Comparison between CV4 and EV4 via
Page 3 and 4: 4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUES:
Page 5 and 6: 4 technique could be proven by meas
Page 7 and 8: 6 1.1 Hypothesis / questions Hypoth
Page 9 and 10: 8 2 Anatomical and physiological fu
Page 11 and 12: 10 On the inner surface of the squa
Page 13: cerebellum below the sinus. It spri
Page 17 and 18: 16 2.3.5 Projection / ventricle-sys
Page 19 and 20: 18 Afferents: All the information g
Page 21 and 22: 20 In the realm of long-term circul
Page 23 and 24: 22 carotid sinus respond through si
Page 25 and 26: 2.4.5 Summary table of sympathetic
Page 27 and 28: 26 3.2 Primary respiratory mechanis
Page 29 and 30: 28 man’s health. He said: „the
Page 31 and 32: 30 4.1.2 Comfort Program The chose
Page 33 and 34: 32 4.1.3.1.2 PPG: Pulse plethysmogr
Page 35 and 36: 34 clothing should be covered by a
Page 37 and 38: 36 4.2.2 EV4 technique = Extension
Page 39 and 40: 38 subject technique / sequence wee
Page 41 and 42: 40 The test subjects were not allow
Page 43 and 44: 42 6 Results and statistical evalua
Page 45 and 46: sequence subject 3 1.week / B 2.wee
Page 47 and 48: CV4 46 Margit Grill / 2006
Page 49 and 50: 48 6.2 Descriptive statistic see pa
Page 51 and 52: 50 mean course EDG mean course temp
Page 53 and 54: 52 mean course breathing-frequency
Page 55 and 56: 54 6.3 Inference statistics see pag
Page 57 and 58: 56 pulse-rate 75,00 70,00 bpm 65,00
Page 59 and 60: 58 7 Discussion Concerning the ques
Page 61 and 62: 60 A decrease in the sympathetic to
Page 63 and 64: 62 If one takes the measuring data
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64 7.6 Consequence The selection of
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66 8 Summary: This study investigat
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68 MAGOUN Harold: Osteopathy in the
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70 10 Appendix 10.1 Index of illust
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72 10.4 Descriptiv statistics Made
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Margit Grill / 2006 74
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84 10.5 Inference statistics Made b
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86 Pulse-rate Source DF Type III SS
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88 Breath-amplitude Source DF Type
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