Comparison between CV4 and EV4 - Osteopathic Research

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3 1 Introduction During my study of osteopathy and further seminars given by Jealous two craniosacral techniques caught my attention. The compression of the fourth ventricle (CV4) and the expansion of the fourth ventricle (EV4) are fluctuation techniques (fluid techniques) and should have an effect on the longitudinal fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Both techniques focus on the area of the fourth ventricle on which floor the physiological centres especially those for respiration and cardiovascular circulation, are located. This area is connected via “regulation circuits” to other brain regions and their surrounding areas. I often thought about whether there could be a difference between both techniques, as patients treated with an EV4 often felt alert whereas those treated with CV4 felt rather tired; however, both techniques in general showed a relaxing effect in combination with a calm and harmonious breathing. As various indications subsisted I decided to study these techniques in more detail. I came in contact with the biofeedback-system (BFB) per chance as I was looking for an appropriate non-invasive measuring method. This tool allows the study and measure of psycho-physiological body functions, as heart-rate, breathing-frequency and breathing-amplitude, skin-conductivity and skintemperature through which remarks about a persons current vegetative tension level can be made. The advantages of this measuring method are that it can be reproduced, allows a course measurement and is valid. The smallest varying during the procedure can be simultaneously measured and noted as well as observed on the computer screen. This method is usually used therapeutically to make aware and to voluntarily influence, even control autonomous functions. In order to render craniosacral techniques objectively, it is important to understand which procedures and changes take place during a therapeutic intervention. The question also arose whether changes during a CV4 and EV4 Margit Grill / 2006
4 technique could be proven by measurable physiological parameters or whether one of the techniques could show typical characteristics. Therfore, it was logical to use this measuring method for documentation and controlling. CV4 is a generally well known and applied technique that is used in a broad spectrum of indication. This technique going back to Sutherland in 1939 1 and is often described in osteopathic literature. In “Contribution of Thought” Sutherland 2 mentions repeatedly CV4 in connection with the importance and meaning of the fourth ventricle, its neighbouring autonomous centres (especially breathing and cardiovascular circulation) and the value of cerebrospinal fluid fluctuation for the craniosacral activity. After CV4, he also described the relaxing effect on the spine, through which secondary osteopathic lesions were less felt. Magoun 3 and Wales 4 described CV4 in detail and documented that, as a response of this technique, breathing slowed down and became more regular, the pulse became normal and the surface of the skin less humid. I heard these statements several times during my osteopathic training (from Arlot, Jealous, Shaver …) but I could not find any studies or publications in my research that lent weight to them. Osteopathic treatment has an old empirical history but a lot of osteopathic statements are not scientifically proven and I had to notice a lack of relevant studies. 1 UPLEDGER John: Lehrbuch der Kraniosakral-Therapie, 2. Auflage, Heidelberg, Karl f. Haug Verlag, 1994, p.54 2 SUTHERLAND William: Contributions of Thought, 2nd Edition, (edited by A. Strand Sutherland, A. Wales), Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, Portland, Oregon: Rudra Press, 1998, e.g. p.219 3 MAGOUN Harold: Osteopathy in the Cranial Field, Original Edition, 1951, 2nd Printing, Sutherland Cranial Teaching Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio: The C. J. Krehbiel Company, 1997, p.81-85 4 WALES Ann: “The management, reactions and systemic effects of fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid” in: Journal of the Osteopathic Cranial Association, p.35-47 published by The Osteopathic Cranial Association, 1953 Margit Grill / 2006
Page 1 and 2: Comparison between CV4 and EV4 via
Page 3: 4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUES:
Page 7 and 8: 6 1.1 Hypothesis / questions Hypoth
Page 9 and 10: 8 2 Anatomical and physiological fu
Page 11 and 12: 10 On the inner surface of the squa
Page 13 and 14: cerebellum below the sinus. It spri
Page 15 and 16: 14 fig. 4 CSF - circulation The liq
Page 17 and 18: 16 2.3.5 Projection / ventricle-sys
Page 19 and 20: 18 Afferents: All the information g
Page 21 and 22: 20 In the realm of long-term circul
Page 23 and 24: 22 carotid sinus respond through si
Page 25 and 26: 2.4.5 Summary table of sympathetic
Page 27 and 28: 26 3.2 Primary respiratory mechanis
Page 29 and 30: 28 man’s health. He said: „the
Page 31 and 32: 30 4.1.2 Comfort Program The chose
Page 33 and 34: 32 4.1.3.1.2 PPG: Pulse plethysmogr
Page 35 and 36: 34 clothing should be covered by a
Page 37 and 38: 36 4.2.2 EV4 technique = Extension
Page 39 and 40: 38 subject technique / sequence wee
Page 41 and 42: 40 The test subjects were not allow
Page 43 and 44: 42 6 Results and statistical evalua
Page 45 and 46: sequence subject 3 1.week / B 2.wee
Page 47 and 48: CV4 46 Margit Grill / 2006
Page 49 and 50: 48 6.2 Descriptive statistic see pa
Page 51 and 52: 50 mean course EDG mean course temp
Page 53 and 54: 52 mean course breathing-frequency
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54 6.3 Inference statistics see pag
Page 57 and 58:
56 pulse-rate 75,00 70,00 bpm 65,00
Page 59 and 60:
58 7 Discussion Concerning the ques
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60 A decrease in the sympathetic to
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62 If one takes the measuring data
Page 65 and 66:
64 7.6 Consequence The selection of
Page 67 and 68:
66 8 Summary: This study investigat
Page 69 and 70:
68 MAGOUN Harold: Osteopathy in the
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70 10 Appendix 10.1 Index of illust
Page 73 and 74:
72 10.4 Descriptiv statistics Made
Page 75 and 76:
Margit Grill / 2006 74
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Page 85 and 86:
84 10.5 Inference statistics Made b
Page 87 and 88:
86 Pulse-rate Source DF Type III SS
Page 89 and 90:
88 Breath-amplitude Source DF Type
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Comparison between CV4 and EV4 - Osteopathic Research

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