Acoustic Emission Monitoring of CFRP Laminated Composites ...

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Acknowledgements There are many people whom I wish to thank for their support and guidance throughout this research project. First and foremost I thank my advisor, Professor Magnus Thor Jonsson, for making the research possible. His guidance, encouragement, support, patience, and the discussions we had are greatly appreciated. My advisor, Professor Thomas Philip Runarsson, I thank for his friendship, suggestions and discussions, and also for all his frank, critical comments. The experimental part of this research was carried out at the test facility at Össur hf. I would like to thank Össur for this and for providing the prosthetic feet for testing. I thank everybody at Össur who assisted me during this time, especially Stefán Jóhann Björnsson, for his invaluable support and constant interest in my work. Special thanks go to my friends and colleagues with whom I shared an oce during the largest part of the study: Benedikt Helgason, Guðrún Sævarsdóttir and Halldór Pálsson. Their personal and professional support is deeply appreciated. To Niels Henrik Pontoppidan, at the Technical University of Denmark, thank you for all your help, especially during my visit to DTU. Also, thanks go to Jens Forker and Hartmut Vallen at Vallen GmbH, Jason Dong at Physical Acoustic Corporation, Bjarni Gíslason, Lilja Magnúsdóttir, and all the sta at the Faculty of Engineering. I gratefully acknowledge the nancial support provided through grants from the following funds: The University of Iceland Research Fund, the University of Iceland Research Equipment Fund, the Icelandic Research Council (Rannis) Research Fund, the Icelandic Research Council Graduate Research Fund, and the Memorial Fund of Helga Jonsdottir and Sigurlidi Kristjansson.
Page 1 and 2: Acoustic Emission Monitoring of CFR
Page 3 and 4: To my family.
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The condition monitoring o
Page 7 and 8: Ágrip (in Icelandic) Líftími vé
Page 9: Preface This dissertation has been
Page 13 and 14: Contents Abstract Ágrip (in Icelan
Page 15 and 16: "If all diculties were known at the
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 Contributions 3 thermore, the A
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 Outline 5 description of how AE
Page 21 and 22: "Prediction is very dicult, especia
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 Defects and Damage Mechanisms 9
Page 31 and 32: 2.3 Fatigue 17 Figure 2.4 Schematic
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 Fatigue 19 Van Paepegem and Deg
Page 35 and 36: 2.4 Discussion and Summary 21 how t
Page 37 and 38: "Enjoy the Silence." Depeche Mode 3
Page 39 and 40: 3.1 Background 25 If a composite is
Page 41 and 42: 3.1 Background 27 3.1.2 Measurement
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Background 29 that of velocity
Page 45 and 46: 3.1 Background 31 Hit-based Analysi
Page 47 and 48: 3.1 Background 33 magnied dierently
Page 49 and 50: 3.1 Background 35 3.1.4 AE Analysis
Page 51 and 52: 3.1 Background 37 300 kHz. Iwamoto
Page 53 and 54: 3.2 AE Hit Determination 39 whereby
Page 55 and 56: 3.2 AE Hit Determination 41 signal,
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 AE Hit Determination 43 1 2 3 4
Page 59 and 60: 3.2 AE Hit Determination 45 1 2 3 4
Page 61 and 62:
3.2 AE Hit Determination 47 Figure
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3.2 AE Hit Determination 49 (a)The
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3.3 Features 51 is a function of th
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3.3 Features 53 the data compressio
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3.3 Features 55 An intuitive rhythm
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3.4 AE Source Tracking 57 H P , is
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3.4 AE Source Tracking 59 The AE si
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3.4 AE Source Tracking 61 dierent s
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3.5 Summary 63 quantifying and visu
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"Door meten tot weten" [Through mea
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4.1 The Prosthetic Foot 67 (a)The m
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4.2 Test Setup & Procedure 69 the t
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4.3 Data Acquisition 71 Table 4.1 T
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4.3 Data Acquisition 73 (a)The shim
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L-GAGE 4.3 Data Acquisition 75 Usin
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"Information is a source of learnin
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5.1 Fatigue Behaviour of the Vari-e
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5.1 Fatigue Behaviour of the Vari-e
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5.2 Load-Displacement 83 (a)An area
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5.2 Load-Displacement 85 (a)The she
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5.2 Load-Displacement 87 Figure 5.7
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5.2 Load-Displacement 89 QTest/10LP
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5.2 Load-Displacement 91 Figure 5.1
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 93 Ba
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 95 (a
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 97 (a
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 99 bi
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 101 T
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 103 F
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5.3 Impending Failure Warning 105 5
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5.4 AE-Based Failure Criterion 107
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Page 125 and 126:
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5.5 Case Study 113 5.5 Case Study I
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5.5 Case Study 115 5.5.2 AE Feature
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5.5 Case Study 117 (a)The evolution
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5.5 Case Study 119 (a)The evolution
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5.5 Case Study 121 5.5.3 AE Feature
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5.5 Case Study 123 the woven layers
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5.5 Case Study 125 vertical asympto
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5.5 Case Study 127 lengths are used
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5.5 Case Study 129 ISI/Peak Amplitu
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5.5 Case Study 131 Figure 5.32 A co
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"All great truths are simple in nal
Page 149 and 150:
6.1 Contributions 135 combining the
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6.2 Directions for Future Research
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Bibliography [1] J. Degrieck and W.
Page 155 and 156:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 141 [18] R. Unnthorsso
Page 157 and 158:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 143 [41] T. D. P. S. C
Page 159 and 160:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 145 [61] C. N. Della a
Page 161 and 162:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147 of Reinforced Plas
Page 163 and 164:
BIBLIOGRAPHY 149 [102] J. P. Dunker
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 151 [125] H. C. Kim an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 153 [147] M. Iwamoto,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 [170] Newport 301
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List of Tables 4.1 The measurement
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List of Figures 2.1 Shows matrix cr
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LIST OF FIGURES 161 4.10 The resolu
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LIST OF FIGURES 163 5.25 The evolut
Page 179:
List of Algorithms 1 STFT-based det
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