Green Infrastructure to Combat Climate Change: A Framework for ...

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9. Actions for reducing the need to travel by car P D N Partner Mechanism Service a. Planning policy should safeguard and enhance high quality accessible green spaces (including woodlands) near to where people live and take opportunities to create new spaces and woodlands during development and restructuring. Make use of existing standards where appropriate, such as Accessible Natural Greenspace Standard (ANGSt) and Woodland Access Standard. Local Authorities Woodland Initiatives Woodland Trust Green Space NW Natural England NWFF Partnership Local Development Frameworks CIL, S106, Planning Conditions GI, Open Space and Tree Strategies/Plans ANGSt and Woodland Access Standard Surface water Temps Species Visitor Local Transport Plans NW Forestry Framework Neighbourhood, Parish and Town Plans b. Link publicly accessible green space wherever possible (including through tree lined streets; Case Study 5) to form walking and cycling routes (Case Study 13) and provide suitable signposts (e.g. Switzerland has very good signposts for walkers). Consider where people want to travel (e.g. home, work, schools, town and local centres, rural to urban areas, between rural areas, new developments to existing areas, to Sustrans networks, etc). Linear green corridors, e.g. by rivers, disused railway lines, canals, etc, should form a key part of this network. Where appropriate, align networks with other services for which linear green infrastructure corridors are desirable, e.g. managing surface water (in particular, the use of swales), managing high temperatures (action 3d), managing riverine flooding (action 5a), helping other species adapt (action 10b), and managing coastal flooding (action 14a). Local Authorities Sustrans Woodland Initiatives Green Space NW Natural England Transport Planning Organisations Faiths4Change British Waterways Environment Agency Local Access Forums Schools Businesses Tourism Managers Local Development Frameworks CIL, S106, Planning Conditions Local Transport Plans Rights of Way Networks Green Streets Neighbourhood, Parish and Town Plans Ecological Networks and Restoration Zones Integrated Biodiversity Delivery Areas NW River Basin Management Plan Surface water Temps River flood Species Coastal flood c. Take opportunities to increase public access to green spaces for recreation and as green travel routes, by removing physical and other barriers that may stop people from using green spaces. Publicise them and encourage their use for commuting and recreation, to create walkable communities. This could be through the use of leaflets, websites (e.g. Visit Woods, Discover Cheshire) and guided walks or cycle rides. Local Authorities Land Owners and Managers Forestry Commission Sustrans Faiths4Change Transport Planning Organisations Green Space NW Environmental Stewardship and EWGS Local Transport Plans NW Forestry Framework Neighbourhood, Parish and Town Plans Walking for Health Temps Food Visitor Schools Eco Schools Local Access Forums NWFF Partnership Tourism Managers Natural England Green Space NW Keep Britain Tidy Also see actions 1a-j, 3d, 5a, 6c, 7a-c, 10b, 11a-f, and 14b which deliver this service. 44
Basel Exhibition Centre’s green roof, Switzerland. Increased biodiversity benefits of extra substrate depth (left); and solar panels (right) 10 Helping Other Species Adapt As the climate changes, the range of species may shift northwards and to higher altitudes. A number of factors will limit their ability to move, including their dispersal abilities and the nature of the landscape (i.e. the fragmentation of habitats and the permeability of the landscape in between). The recent Lawton review states “we need a step-change in our approach to wildlife conservation, from trying to hang on to what we have, to one of large-scale habitat restoration and recreation, under-pinned by the re-establishment of ecological processes and ecosystem services, for the benefits of both people and wildlife” 48 . Establishing a coherent ecological network, including managing linear corridors for movement, will be increasingly important. For other good practice see: The Gowy and Mersey Washlands is a Living Landscapes project in Cheshire www.cheshirewildlifetrust.co.uk/proj_Gowy_Mersey_ Washlands.htm The Mosslands Project looks at the long term survival of a lowland peat bog www.lancswt.org.uk/index.php/mosslands.php The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment’s Sustainable Places website provides case studies of wildlife corridors www.cabe.org.uk/sustainable-places/advice/wildlife-corridors Wildflowers for Transport Projects is a best practice guide for local authorities in Merseyside www.letstravelwise.org/ files/1975422928_2010%2001%20-%20Wildflower%20Guide.pdf 48. Lawton et al (2010). Making Space for Nature: a review of England’s wildlife sites and ecological network. Report to Defra. www.defra.gov.uk/environment/ biodiversity/documents/201009space-for-nature.pdf Case Study 14 (Basel, Switzerland) Green Roof Policy Basel has the highest density of green roofs in the world, covering 23% of its flat roof area. Following subsidies in the 1990s, the Building and Planning Act was amended in 2002 so that all new buildings with flat roofs must have green roofs. On roofs over 500m 2 , the substrate must be native soils and of varying depth. Basel Exhibition Centre’s green roof shows the value of different substrate depths for biodiversity; it also has solar panels which provide shade for species, and are more efficient as they are kept cooler by the green roof. www.urbanhabitats.org/v04n01/wildlife_full.html www.greenroofs.org/grtok/policy_browse. php?id=63&what=view Case Study 15 (The Cumbria High Fells) Responding To The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Natural Environment Natural England's Character Area Climate Change project aimed to identify local responses required to safeguard our natural environment and our enjoyment of it in a changing climate. Cumbria High Fells was one of four Character Areas in England that were selected to represent contrasting habitats and landscapes. The project identified significant biodiversity, landscape, recreational and historic environment assets; assessed the potential risks climate change poses to these; and suggested practical actions to make them more resilient to climate change. www.naturalengland.org.uk/regions/north_west/ourwork/ climatechangeproject.aspx 45
Page 1: Green Infrastructure to Combat Clim
Page 4 and 5: 4 Photo: McCoy Wynne
Page 8 and 9: 8 Photo: ©iStockphoto.com/Jpique
Page 12 and 13: Developing the Framework for Action
Page 14 and 15: Delivering the Framework for Action
Page 16 and 17: The Actions The following sub-secti
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Page 20 and 21: 1. Overarching actions P D N Partne
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Page 24 and 25: 2. Actions for managing surface wat
Page 26 and 27: 3 Managing High Temperatures Increa
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Page 30 and 31: 4. Actions for carbon storage & seq
Page 32 and 33: 5 Managing Riverine Flooding River
Page 34 and 35: Map 5. Flood zones in relation to C
Page 36 and 37: 6. Actions for food production P D
Page 38 and 39: Local timber in The Mersey Forest (
Page 40 and 41: 8 Providing Low Carbon Fuels Replac
Page 42 and 43: Map 7. Potential miscanthus and sho
Page 46 and 47: 10. Actions for helping other speci
Page 48 and 49: Dream sculpture at Sutton Manor (Ph
Page 50 and 51: Map 9. Capacity of the landscape to
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Page 54 and 55: Water butts supplied in Knowsley to
Page 56 and 57: Dune system 14 Managing Coastal Flo
Page 58: Map 11. Flood zone 2 and habitats t
Page 61 and 62: Code for Sustainable Homes (2010):
Page 63 and 64: Organisations Shaping the Framework

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