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11<br />
Similarly, later NA references employing an approximate collocation via māt H˘ atti<br />
frequently refer to the Neo-Hittite states rather than the general populace of the west. Though this<br />
last point has been debated, Cogan has cogently demonstrated that “Māt H˘ atti originally signified<br />
the Hittite Empire and the geographical sphere under Hittite rule; later, it came to serve as the<br />
name for the states of Anatolia and Upper Syria that were the political and cultural heirs of the<br />
imperial Hittites. It never seems to have lost this meaning” (2002, 89; see Singer 2006, 726).<br />
Fifth, in 2 Sam 24:6 the Lucianic recension reads “and to the land of the Hittites at<br />
ְוֶאל־ֶאֶרץ ( Taḥtîm-ḥod¯šî” Kadesh” (καὶ εις γηñν Χεττιεὶµ Κα' δης) for the obscure “and to the land of<br />
in the MT. That the recension is essentially stylistic in character and that the reading (ַּתְחִּתים·ָחְד ִׁשי<br />
ואל under discussion is a place name favors a Vorlage unique from the traditional text (perhaps<br />
Contextually it falls in David’s census of Israel which begins from Aroer in .(ארץ החתים קדשה<br />
southern Gad and moves northward ultimately to Gilead, then “into the land of the Hittites, that<br />
is, Kades,” 17 and from there loops southward to Dan, around to Sidon, to Tyre, etc. The context<br />
indicates a northerly location. Perhaps the best candidate is Kadesh-on-the-Orontes (so Fisher,<br />
Smith and Rummel 1975, 279, 8§34f). It is both well known and possesses continued historical<br />
importance for its political and military roles during the LBA. It functioned as a royal city during<br />
the Amarna period and the location for the conflict over Amurru territory between Ramesses and<br />
Muwatalli. 18 Wherever the place might have been, it was apparently located in the north. 19 Direct<br />
———————————<br />
17 See the modern versions which adopt this reading, such as the NRSV and the ESV (“and to Kadesh in<br />
the land of the Hittites”; also HCSB, NJB), as well as the Lutherbibel („und zum Land der Hetiter nach Kadesch“)<br />
and a few French translations (e.g., «dans le pays des Hittites, à Cadès», BFC).<br />
18 Egyptian Qidšu, Akkadian Kinsa. For bibliography and historical-geographic discussion see BDB (s.v.<br />
2.), and Rainey (2006, 62, 68–69, 78–80, 96–98). The strongest manuscript support קד ׁש (s.v. HALOT ,(חד ׁשי<br />
(Vaticanus and Sinaiticus) provides εις γηñν Θαβασων η« ε στιν Αδασαι, which Rainey interprets as a reference to<br />
Bashan via the -βασων element and its location along the route toward Dan (2006, 163–164).<br />
19 Rainey’s argument is based on the order of locations cited in the census, the key being his interpretation<br />
of the phrase ָּדָנה ַּיַען in the sense of “to Dan (ָּדָנה) at the foot of Mount Hermon, and on to Jaan ,(ַּיַען) an obvious<br />
metathesis for Ijon (2006, ”(ִעֹּין) 163). He therefore concludes that in order for the Lucianic reading to be correct it<br />
ָּדָנה·ַּיַען would necessarily have to come after Ijon in order of presentation. However, it is also possible to interpret<br />
as the territory of Dan, specifically Ijon, which would then provide a reasonable route from Gilead northward to<br />
Kadesh-on-the-Orontes and then southward to Ijon in the territory of Dan, around to Sidon, to Tyre and so forth.