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278 PSYCHOMETRIKA for a moment our previous conception of the rated variables as factors and consider them simply as behavior rated according to the given definition, in order to see the present factors as familiarly patterned primary personality factors. Let us first describe the factors, with labels, discussing the identifications in each case. We shall take them in diminishing order of magnitude (mean contribution to variance). Factor $. "'C" Emotionally Stable Character vs Demoralized General Emotianality. The outstanding loadings are: c+ Inhibition .......................................... vs Steady ................................................ vs Self-sufflcient .................................... vs .............................................................. VS Depressed (Solemn) ........................ vs C M Uncontrol (Test factor 4) ................. 63 Emotional ............................................. 50 Not self-suf. (Self-rated) .................... 49 Daydreaming (Self-rated) ............... 47 Cheerful ................................................. 36 This is clearly the C factor of R-technique studies. Daydreaming as such did not figure in those variables, but it could be taken as the equivalent of "not facing life, subjective, evasive" (7). The presence of "cheerful" is rather surprising, but it evidently functions as the equivalent of "Frivolous" in the R-technique studies (7). Both are present only in very small loadings, but this confirmation throws new light on the nature of the C factor, indicating that its positive form has some sort of sobered, mature inhibition, as opposed to immature frivolous waywardness. Factor 5. "H" Adventurous Cyclothymia vs Withdrawn Schizothymia. Loadings in: H+ Friendly, interested in people ........ vs Emotional abundance ...................... vs Cooperative, easy-going .................. vs Self-confident, dominant ................ vs Sthenic emotionality ........................ vs H ~ Withdrawn, cautious, shy ................. 74 Emot. dearth (Test factor 1) ........... 44 Obstructive ........................................... 37 Submissive ............................................. 86 Frustration tolerance ......................... 28 It is interesting to note that two factors in the cyclothyme-schizothyme area are found here as in R-technique, but that there is no difficulty in distinguishing between them in the sense of the two factors of the earlier study. Here, as there, the second factor's schizothyme pole is distinguished by withdrawal ("shy" here; "aloof" in the original, 7).. Also there is a lack of energy, adventurousness, and self-confidence. (Self-confident, dominant, sthenic here; ascendant, expressive, incontinent, opposed to retiring, quiet, narrow in the original, 7).
RAYMOND B. CATTELL, A. K. S. CATTELL, AND R. M. RHYMER 279 Factor 1. "A'" Cyclothymia vs SchizothyCnia loads: A+ A-- Cooperative, easy-going ................ vs Obstructive ............................................ 60 Friendly, interested in people ...... vs Withdrawn, shy ................................... 40 Daydreaming (self-rated) ............ vs .................................................................. 50 Vigorous ............................................ vs Languid ................................................. 26 Jumpy, easily embarrassed ............ vs Poised ..................................................... 25 That this is the more simple cyclo-schizo pattern of the original A is shown by the emphasis on obstructiveness--indeed the variables originally chosen as straight representatives of A and H have come out as the highest loadings respectively in these factors. This factor seems to be the more general, generic one by the fact that there is little in it besides the loadings in the two original cyclo-schizo variables. That daydreaming should appear on the cyclothyme side is a little startling, but the subject explained that she rated herself not on any intensive compensatory phantasy life but on pleasant, relaxed musing which depended most on whether or not she was in a hurry! (Note also its appearance in Surgency, below). In this connection one notes that "optimistic" appears in the original cyclothyme factor patterns. Factor 3. "G" Positive Character Integration vs Immature, Dependent Character loads: G+ Persevering, strong-willed ............ vs Self-sufficient .................................... vs Shy, cautious .................................... vs Steady, stable .................................... vs G-- Quitting, fickle ................................... 44 Not self-sufficient ............................... 42 Friendly, interested in people ......... 40 Emotional ............................................. 37 That this second factor in the general realm of character is G rather than C is evidenced by persistence and self-sufficiency being high, while emotional stability, still in the pattern (as in C), is low. At first, it is a little surprising to find shyness and caution here, but in the original R-technique factor (7) "reserve" and "self-consciousness" appear at about this same level. Factor 2. "F" Surgency vs Desurgency (or Hysteria-Dysthy~ mia ) loads: F+ F-- Physiological ease ............................ vs Emergency alertness (Test factor 2) .53 Cheerful, talkative .......................... vs Depressed, worried ............................. 37 Cooperative ........................................ vs Obstructive ........................................... 34 Daydreaming .................................... vs ................................................................... 32 Submissive .......................................... vs Dominant, self-confident ................... 30 Steady emotionally .......................... vs Emotional ............................................. 30 Not self-sufficient (Sociable) ........ vs Self-sufficient ....................................... 27
Page 1 and 2: DECEMBER, 1947 PSYCHOMETRIKA--VOL 1
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