SALAH SALEM OBAID GURBEL - ePrints@USM

subterranean termite C. formosanus and highly infectious against the termites. It caused
100% mortality to groups of 100 R. flavipes workers at a concentration of ≥ 3x 10 3
conidia / cm 3 (Wang and Powell, 2004).
2.3.5: The baiting system
The baiting system is a new method to control subterranean termites. The
baiting system utilizes the advantage of social nature and foraging behavior of
subterranean termites where food sharing among the workers and nestmates via
trophallaxis could enable the transfer of slow –acting toxicant to the whole colony ( Lee
and Chung, 2003).
Baiting technique is one of the widely accepted methods for controlling
subterranean termite as a long lasting and cost – effective method (Sajap et al., 2005;
Kubota et al., 2006; Getty et al., 2005). Baiting system is used to control subterranean
termite near the structure (Su, 2002). It can operable to eliminatinl an entire colony of
subterranean termites (Esenther and Gray,1968; Su et al., 1982; Su, 1994a; Su et al.,
1995b; Su and Scheffrahn, 1996a and b; Su et al., 1997; Su and Hsu, 2003; Sajap et al.,
2000; Sajap et al., 2005; Chambers and Benson, 1995; Grace et al., 1996a; DeMark et
al., 1995; Peters and Fitzgerald; 1998 Prabhakaran, 2001; Thorne and Forschler, 2000;
Grace and Su, 2001; Klein, 2002; Lee, 2002a and b).
Termite bait acts by eliminating or suppressing colony that infest the
structures (Ngee et al., 2004) and the elimination occurs because the slow acting nature
of the ingested toxicant allows foraging termites to return to the colony and transfer the
toxic material to the unexposed nestmates before killing the carrier (Sheets et al., 2000).
Slow–acting and non-repellent active ingredients in termite baiting is very important for
successful control (Su et al., 1982).
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