SALAH SALEM OBAID GURBEL - ePrints@USM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………… ii
Table of contents ……….…………………………………………………… iv
List of tables …………………………….…………………………………… x
List of figures ………………………………………………………………... xii
List of plates ………………………………………………………………… xiv
List of appendix ……………………………………………………………… xvi
List of abbreviations …………………………………………………………
xvii
Abstrak ……………………………………………………………………… xix
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… xxi
CHAPTER 1- GENERAL INTRODUCTION ……………………………… 1
1.2 The damage to wooden structures …………………………………... 2
1.3 Distribution and numbers of Species of termite …………………….. 2
1.4 Subterranean termite ………………………………………………… 3
1.5 Subterranean Termite Damage …………………………………….. 3
1.6 The objectives of this study … ………………………………… 6
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General introduction ………………………………………………… 7
2.2 Subterranean termite biology ………………………………………… 7
2.3 The history of development and the efficacy of termiticides ………… 10
2.3.1 Soil termiticide (Chemical barriers) …………………………… 11
2.3.1.1 Chlorpyrifos ………………………………………………… 12
2.3.1.2 Fipronil ……………………………………………………... 15
iv