Sh¿ron F.L" Hunter - MSpace - University of Manitoba

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1I fon rlen, at I2,, r^¡ås dråmåtical ly Ernallen, that onË out oi eveny ioun iernal e månågeÍ.s wene I eeving Lhe or-gsnÍ¡-ction. Teyìon ( 1?Bå) t-epor-rerJ in the United 5f-¡teE [¡Ja] scn (Lr71i noted that f ernaì e physicians tended to droo or_rt oi actj.ve practice for periods avenaging 4.8 yeånsr rnor.e than dolthl e the mal e phy=ician åt/eFåge o{ i.1 yeåns. in lg7(J! the Arnenican I'lediral Association reported that lË.1i| o{ the ii.4r:rl licensed {ernale physicians wene inactive as cornpaned to Íz o{ the 3(lB '6?1 I rcenced male phy=ician= (l'landelbaurn, 1ç81) . Col I ectiyely " these nurnbers seerï to nepr-e=ent a gnowing e:rodus {nom taF, level pnsitions within ongani:ations among pr-of essional wornen.
IJ A Fhænornenoì oe irsl Fer.spect ive The Theori, The neseanch ion this påpen r.Jås condurcted within ã phenornenologir¡l inarneulorl: . Fhenornen,:lngy i= a sch¡ol oi thor-rght concerned with the sr-rbjective e:iperience o{ everyday ìi{e (Eençer ir Lurlimann, 196ó) that attempts to undenstand hurnan beha'¿ioun f r-orn the actr:r's point o{ view (Eogdan tr Tayl or, 197Í). In this view, societv and its institutions =urch ås i^rnr-[,: , school , iamÍìy and nel igion as wel I as valLres! norfns and rcl es er-= the by-produrcf-s of hutman intenact ion . Insl it-r-rt ions come to be åssrciated r.Jrth centEin rneanings that åre produred through hum.:n interact- ion .rnd maintsined throurgh I an,tr-rage . These soc ial I v pnodlrced rneanings tend to 'act bsc[,: , upon the pnodr-rceng irr such a rnånnen that they ål^e experienced -rs objective neaì ity. Hurnan inten-rction hel p= to deveì Ep rneåning which in turn is passed an to sLttrcessive genenations. Togetherr theEe shai.ed rneanings corlbine to {onrn the cr-rl tur-e of å soc iety on an ongån i;at ion . ïhe irnpontant issLre rel ativp to pheomenological theony *rn,J to this re=earch is the ei{ect of these social ì y genenated rleanings on the conduct of rnernbens of Esciety. The shsred rneanings corne to be known as neal ity and ss slrch they constitr_tte the ,tnuth' of the society. Thus. if rnaìes sre 'known' to be ,lif f enent- than iern¡ì es in ways that sfiect thein ehilities, then these differences äre re¡.] . As Thorna= ( lPiE, p . F7r) noted, ', It is not irnport_enr_ t'rhether ,:r not the rnterpretatÍun is connect - if ¡ren [=ic] ,Jei ine =itustions as r.eåì . they ane neal in their tronseqltentres,,.
Page 1 and 2: The "Mascul ine,, 0rganization and
Page 3 and 4: THE I'MASCULINEI' ORGANIZATION AND
Page 5 and 6: The Unlversity of Manltoba requlres
Page 7 and 8: Acknowl edgements There ane several
Page 9 and 10: -Ðef lni tlon and Descrlpt lon -Me
Page 11 and 12: H i stor i ce l Fer-sFert i'¡e Ëe
Page 13 and 14: 3 degree or' ¡ hÍgher degree iror
Page 15 and 16: F.e'¡iew oi Liter-ature I-Èe¡_t
Page 17 and 18: -ì L?87., Solo :-tatus involve= be
Page 19 and 20: üne indicstion ui this stness i= t
Page 21: 11 1981) . ¡ineengl asE ( 1?Ëi) n
Page 25 and 26: l._r "Suhnniver'ses o{ rneEning rn
Page 27 and 28: T1 irnposing its deiinit-ion o{ nea
Page 29 and 30: 1F becaLrse L.JÐrnen bring r,rith
Page 31 and 32: i1 ¡sFurned the noì e oi the supp
Page 33 and 34: ?3 provide insights to deveì op f
Page 35 and 36: Tq f nÍends. þJornen ,rre Ê){pec
Page 37 and 38: ? trclnsidErEd dvsir:nctional e;rpn
Page 39 and 40: iY The deperson¡l i¡¡tion of the
Page 41 and 42: 3. that the egressi on of professi
Page 43 and 44: l"lethodol¡gy Intnoduct-ion ïhE p
Page 45 and 46: ' .1. ¡ to ioster and encourra.ge
Page 47 and 48: .a- ,.1 / thern pnoiessron and lvh
Page 49 and 50: 3ç trornrnon charactenisLic of hav
Page 51 and 52: 41 1988) . Etef ore f-he iocus gnou
Page 53 and 54: 4:ì The method used to simpì if
Page 55 and 56: 45 F.=sr-rl t= No additionai in{enr
Page 57 and 58: 47 As díscu=sed earl ier'. the the
Page 59 and 60: 49 ïable 3 Total Frequency [ristni
Page 61 and 62: f1 ïabl e 5 i I ì lrsf-nates the
Page 63 and 64: ._rJ Thene wEFe si:; therîesi sort
Page 65 and 66: 55 fl isc¡-rssion Thr pLrFose oi t
Page 67 and 68: "Al ¡t .oi it is jrist hr:lrns end
Page 69 and 70: .-t -f ". . ,being a rnother is rnu
Page 71 and 72: 6I ':on+ì icf- bet¡¿een the wome
Page 73 and 74:
L,7 .=.r id t 'û .lt:. .: Bil to t
Page 75 and 76:
"I quEES I'm in a *uphoria, but I E
Page 77 and 78:
¿-? "þJE '¡.e a dual trår-een f
Page 79 and 80:
6,\- Ir j.r'ecti¡nai Hi¡pothe=i=
Page 81 and 82:
!I "l'lor.l I iind that I'rn not er
Page 83 and 84:
J "Never r¡ah:e it t eËpeciåì l
Page 85 and 86:
7= iEnoring the contrrbutions o{ it
Page 87 and 88:
77 "t,le had tn u¡oril twice as h
Page 89 and 90:
oåd r\¡ith their hr-rsbands there
Page 91 and 92:
Þl decided on princiFl e iScienre-
Page 93 and 94:
" I+ thene wåE ¡ ccrnf I ict in t
Page 95 and 96:
" I =omet irnes { ind that r.Jornen
Page 97 and 98:
sholrl d have chal I enged it rnore
Page 99 and 100:
89 r--lthEn Findings In additi¡n t
Page 101 and 102:
91 oihen things and the men ånen't
Page 103 and 104:
ññ . -tJ sLu'pt- i sed mån)/ of
Page 105 and 106:
Eåt/ r 'Üh , Ð+ trolti'se af ter
Page 107 and 108:
The I ark o{ dispnsable incorne åE
Page 109 and 110:
v1 The ,:tnen r-e{er-ence to brolog
Page 111 and 112:
1(:r1 the p;nf-rcipants seemed sur-
Page 113 and 114:
1(iJ ås wel ì , several o{ the nn
Page 115 and 116:
1 (-)Ì hanrlony over p=r[is and po
Page 117 and 118:
1 fì? Elernard. .J, ( 1?8I) . The
Page 119 and 120:
l iit E',,.-r.ns. F.A.L. ':e¿ Fant
Page 121 and 122:
1i1 l;.ingsb¡-rrv, N.l'1 . (1987)
Page 123 and 124:
1r3 F'r-'yor', l'1 .0. l.: Reev*s,
Page 125 and 126:
115 llppend i;< H J-I- U.tLu T'r t
Page 127 and 128:
117 Éppendix D (b'ased on f:.rr-le
Page 129 and 130:
119 Hppend r;r E l,-lltest i':nn in
Page 131:
1î1 Append i;< tl [temognaFh ic In
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