Sh¿ron F.L" Hunter - MSpace - University of Manitoba

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tË i 19ËI) ne+enr'=d to the rnal e rnanniage and the f ernaì e rnarriage. These di{{erential sets oi rneanings rneate tr.lo very di{ferent sr-tbltn it,er-=es . Fhenornenoì og iral I y speak ing , ,lne ,:ån årglre th¡t males and {ernales in olrr society I ive in two di{f erent- wonìrjs. Genden based slrbuniverses ai rneaning contrnue to exist and åne h'/pothesi:ed to be at the base o{ the con{l Ícts beine experienced by fernales às the.¡ enten the wonk r.lr:rld as d=fined bl, mai e= " Asa ( 1984) {ound that malE t^¡on[::et^s vier.led {emal e L.Jor.[:: ErE -ls invsdens atternptin,l to enten. ån e:.lcìr-r=ivel y mal e dornain. Er'Éengl ass ( 1çB:i noted that wornen r.JoF[::ans år.e vrewed a= tnespassens in the rnen's wonld. Eernard (1gB1) stated that maìes di=tanced thernsel ves lnorn ternal es and took concrete act ion to rernent this sepanation and e:
T1 irnposing its deiinit-ion o{ nea.ì ity r:pon weål:.Et- =r-rbr_rniver-ses. The r.lea['.er sr-tblrn i verses r.Ji ] I not netrceEs-tri I \,/ be neer_rined tn abandan lheir de+inir-ron of neaì ity, but they r.ril I be neqnired to acquiesce to the dorninant subcr-ll tune's dei in it ion . Thr_rs r_he r're¡l';en subuniverse's de{inition of neaì ity, whil e not eradica.ted, mr-rst go undergnound, Membens of the wËå[::eF slrburni.¿erEe måy be {onced to adopt aspects of the dominant suburnivense that defrne their wonl d . In oLrn sLlciety, tnaditional ì y, rnal es have possessed rnoi-e uvent power than {ernaì es åhd thus their- sr_rbr_rn ivense an,J de{ initions o{ neal ity ha..¡e prevaiì ed r.Jithin organi¡ations and soc i et./ at I ange . Eenger and Lr-rcþ;¡ran (içóói theoni:ed that social I y constrncted hnowl edge Ís invol ved in maÍntaining these sr-tbsets oi mean ing t+ithin a i arger clrltune. The slrhLrnivenses must be ,cannied, by a part irr-rl an coì I ect ivity , in th is tråse based on gen,ler , wh ich continltut-tslV pnodr-rces the meanings r.,rhich beco¡le objecti,,,e rea.ì ity. These conclsves oi rneaning become inacceEsible to or_rtsiders. The bel ie{= ernbnaced by the dorninant sLrblrnivense rnåy be slrch às to eccoltnt {nr why lhose otttside the dominant s¡-rbuniver-se ouãht to be excl r-rded , speciiirsì1y, or-ltsiders rnay be de{ined in sltch s r.iay -r.E to -rccoltnt iar their exrl u=inn. Rel -rtive to the anBu¡lent being sdvanced henein, f-he mele wonld o{ rleanings inclr_rdes de{ Ínit i,:nE oi whet iem-rì es ane sl ì ¡bolrt. þJhåt they -rre caps.bìe uri doing an,l not ceDabìe oi dornq. l'1ost importantly, the'/ are not ,insiders,. Fr-s{essinn¡l wofnen t-hen -å.ne ai{orded a mang inal staj-_r_rs ås Lr. ininorit'¡ -anolrp within t_he I angen grolrp i they ane {em.rl e and they
Page 1 and 2: The "Mascul ine,, 0rganization and
Page 3 and 4: THE I'MASCULINEI' ORGANIZATION AND
Page 5 and 6: The Unlversity of Manltoba requlres
Page 7 and 8: Acknowl edgements There ane several
Page 9 and 10: -Ðef lni tlon and Descrlpt lon -Me
Page 11 and 12: H i stor i ce l Fer-sFert i'¡e Ëe
Page 13 and 14: 3 degree or' ¡ hÍgher degree iror
Page 15 and 16: F.e'¡iew oi Liter-ature I-Èe¡_t
Page 17 and 18: -ì L?87., Solo :-tatus involve= be
Page 19 and 20: üne indicstion ui this stness i= t
Page 21 and 22: 11 1981) . ¡ineengl asE ( 1?Ëi) n
Page 23 and 24: IJ A Fhænornenoì oe irsl Fer.spec
Page 25: l._r "Suhnniver'ses o{ rneEning rn
Page 29 and 30: 1F becaLrse L.JÐrnen bring r,rith
Page 31 and 32: i1 ¡sFurned the noì e oi the supp
Page 33 and 34: ?3 provide insights to deveì op f
Page 35 and 36: Tq f nÍends. þJornen ,rre Ê){pec
Page 37 and 38: ? trclnsidErEd dvsir:nctional e;rpn
Page 39 and 40: iY The deperson¡l i¡¡tion of the
Page 41 and 42: 3. that the egressi on of professi
Page 43 and 44: l"lethodol¡gy Intnoduct-ion ïhE p
Page 45 and 46: ' .1. ¡ to ioster and encourra.ge
Page 47 and 48: .a- ,.1 / thern pnoiessron and lvh
Page 49 and 50: 3ç trornrnon charactenisLic of hav
Page 51 and 52: 41 1988) . Etef ore f-he iocus gnou
Page 53 and 54: 4:ì The method used to simpì if
Page 55 and 56: 45 F.=sr-rl t= No additionai in{enr
Page 57 and 58: 47 As díscu=sed earl ier'. the the
Page 59 and 60: 49 ïable 3 Total Frequency [ristni
Page 61 and 62: f1 ïabl e 5 i I ì lrsf-nates the
Page 63 and 64: ._rJ Thene wEFe si:; therîesi sort
Page 65 and 66: 55 fl isc¡-rssion Thr pLrFose oi t
Page 67 and 68: "Al ¡t .oi it is jrist hr:lrns end
Page 69 and 70: .-t -f ". . ,being a rnother is rnu
Page 71 and 72: 6I ':on+ì icf- bet¡¿een the wome
Page 73 and 74: L,7 .=.r id t 'û .lt:. .: Bil to t
Page 75 and 76: "I quEES I'm in a *uphoria, but I E
Page 77 and 78:
¿-? "þJE '¡.e a dual trår-een f
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6,\- Ir j.r'ecti¡nai Hi¡pothe=i=
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!I "l'lor.l I iind that I'rn not er
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J "Never r¡ah:e it t eËpeciåì l
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7= iEnoring the contrrbutions o{ it
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77 "t,le had tn u¡oril twice as h
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oåd r\¡ith their hr-rsbands there
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Þl decided on princiFl e iScienre-
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" I+ thene wåE ¡ ccrnf I ict in t
Page 95 and 96:
" I =omet irnes { ind that r.Jornen
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sholrl d have chal I enged it rnore
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89 r--lthEn Findings In additi¡n t
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91 oihen things and the men ånen't
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ññ . -tJ sLu'pt- i sed mån)/ of
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Eåt/ r 'Üh , Ð+ trolti'se af ter
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The I ark o{ dispnsable incorne åE
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v1 The ,:tnen r-e{er-ence to brolog
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1(:r1 the p;nf-rcipants seemed sur-
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1(iJ ås wel ì , several o{ the nn
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1 (-)Ì hanrlony over p=r[is and po
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1 fì? Elernard. .J, ( 1?8I) . The
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l iit E',,.-r.ns. F.A.L. ':e¿ Fant
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1i1 l;.ingsb¡-rrv, N.l'1 . (1987)
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1r3 F'r-'yor', l'1 .0. l.: Reev*s,
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115 llppend i;< H J-I- U.tLu T'r t
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117 Éppendix D (b'ased on f:.rr-le
Page 129 and 130:
119 Hppend r;r E l,-lltest i':nn in
Page 131:
1î1 Append i;< tl [temognaFh ic In
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