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Assessment of the importance of the various practices. and factors
associt~ted with gr zing and which ixlf lucnco veget:iti.on
and ultimately
the soil ht~s not been carried out in the Lake Xntrict, but eviddnce
from other upland rtre~ts suggssk thht intensity, tiaing, and 1oc::tion
of grazing nrld use of fertilizers and herbicides are of prime impfiance.
A complete assessment of the importance of removal of nutfient s in the
aim1 crop cannot be mhuo for the Lake District: because of l ~ck of data
on inputs of ni-trogen from variouv types of fixation, inputs of dl1
nutrients in asroxols and froan rock weathering, and outputs of all nlrtrjeats
in run-off.
However, available data, ooupled with data from other
sreas, suggests that removal in mirmls is likd~ to bo very anall
in mlbtion to the total nutrient reserve in the eoil and to input
in precipitation,
Fhosphorus input in procipitatim and output in
bmls are appraximteb equal, so, for this element, remural in
animals may lead to an overall loss frm the system mhen all inputs
and outputs a1.e aooounted for.
Trampling of soil and vegetation is the main effect on soil associated
dth recreation.
Detailed cF,.znges are lik~ly to be s ~ l a to r those
caused by animal trarrrpling, although few data have beon oollected in
the Lake District, and data are not available gonemlly which a11mf
detailed comparisons of the effeats of trampling by Man and by animls,
;. Trampling aamage ia not considt,red t o be a EEL jor problem except on
well-used footpaths, particul2rly an steep slopes, on v:&
amas, and on tha higher altitude ridges,
pe~ty
Use of vehicles on
unsurfaced tracks znd paths has similar effects to those produced
by Mani s trampling end, currently, rarely produc~s significant d-e
in the Lake Distdct.
The win effeots of treos and forestry m the soil include those
associated viith tme mots, plant remains, soil disturbance during
forestry operations, influences on run-off iiatcr quality and, rcnovd.
of nutrients from the system in timber.