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to the ground per unit area and per unit tbm, the pattern of
movement of the ani~lal w i t h an area and also the age, size
and breed of animal.
Available data on hoof measuremente and
pressures exerted suggest that oattle tmad 2-4 times more
heavily than sheep (Table 1 ) but such comparisons based on
ext~polztion f'rom data for standing -1s must be viewed
with great cadion bearing in mind results for standing and
walking hbn (~ar~er et al., 1961 and p. 16).
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Moat stues of treadjng ef'feot or daily movemonk of animals
have been carried out in lowland grassland areas and in emloaures
where the animal may behave abnox'mally either because it is .
stimulated to move excsssively or et a higher speed than normal
(~amond, 1958) or because movements are wauoed *en ampLe food
is supplied (England, 1954). . Data for individual sheep (Table 2)
oombined with observations on the dajfy movement of upland flocks
in hefis or home ranges of horn size (~unter, 1 962, for Cheviuta
on mainly krostis-Pestuoa, Nardus and Molinia grassland and
Ptoridium;
--
Gmbb & Sewell, I 974, for Soay &eep on Nardus, Mrosti a
Festuoa, Holcus and a grasslmd and Cdluna) indicate a daily
movement of 1.2-12.9
hi with most values falling between 2 and 5 km.
From such data, Welch & Cdna (pers, corn) oonoludad that the
daily movement of Brit5sh hill aheep is about 2.5-5.0 km. CDnr
parable data for cattle cover a range of 2.3-7.8 bpi day*'
able 2).
Hancock (1953), quoting varkoua pub=shed data, gives
a range of 1 .&2.8 lan daym1 for dairy cattle end he stresaes that
an 013 pasture or rough ground cattle travel twice as Phr as on
newpastures, From a11 the above data one may comluds that
cattle and sheep travel apprht-
the saw dA&ance per day.
b
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Stride lengths in ahaep and cattle are respectively abmt 15 om
andG am rams, 197.1).
U~ling these data and appradmate maan
daily movements of animals, Welsh & Cumins (prs. em.) oalculated
that sheep a d cattle perform mspeoti~ely 100,000 and 4,000 leg
movements animal-' day-' . kssudng hoof oreas of 15 am2 and