offshore grids for wind power integration - Greenpeace

GLOBAL ENERGY [R]EVOLUTION
A NORTH SEA ELECTRICITY GRID [R]EVOLUTION
annex b
figure 33: cumulative frequency of variations
in hourly generation FOR ONE WIND FARM, ALL WIND FARMS IN
THE DANISH EEZ AND ACCUMULATED FOR ALL OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN
THE NORTH SEA; LEGEND: TIME LAG
figure 35: cumulative frequency of variations
in hourly generation FOR ONE WIND FARM, ALL WIND FARMS IN
THE DUTCH EEZ AND ACCUMULATED FOR ALL OFFSHORE WIND FARMS IN
THE NORTH SEA; LEGEND: TIME LAG
100
50
0
-50
-100
a) Horns Rev I+II: 360 MW
100
50
0
-50
-100
a) Ijmuiden: 246 MW
Power Variation (%)
100
50
0
-50
-100
b) All offshore wind farms in the Danish North Sea: 1,577 MW
Power Variation (%)
100
50
0
-50
-100
b) All offshore wind farms in the Netherlands: 12,039 MW
100
50
0
-50
-100
c) All offshore wind farms in the North Sea: 68.4 GW
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
50
0
-50
-100
c) All offshore wind farms in the North Sea: 68.4 GW
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cumulative Frequency of Power Variations (%)
Cumulative Frequency of Power Variations (%)
1 h 3 h 9 h 27 h
1 h 3 h 9 h 27 h
figure 34: cumulative frequency of variations
in hourly generation FOR ONE WIND FARM, ALL WIND FARMS IN
THE BELGIAN EEZ AND ACCUMULATED FOR ALL OFFSHORE WIND FARMS
IN THE NORTH SEA; LEGEND: TIME LAG
figure 36: cumulative frequency of variations
in hourly generation FOR ONE WIND FARM, ALL WIND FARMS IN
THE NORWEGIAN EEZ AND ACCUMULATED FOR ALL OFFSHORE WIND
FARMS IN THE NORTH SEA; LEGEND: TIME LAG
100
50
0
-50
-100
a) France: 1,000 MW
100
50
0
-50
-100
a) Utsira: 300 MW
Power Variation (%)
100
50
0
-50
-100
b) All offshore wind farms in the French North Sea: 1,000 MW
Power Variation (%)
100
50
0
-50
-100
b) All offshore wind farms in the Norwegian North Sea: 1,290 MW
100
50
0
-50
-100
c) All offshore wind farms in the North Sea: 68.4 GW
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
100
50
0
-50
-100
c) All offshore wind farms in the North Sea: 68.4 GW
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cumulative Frequency of Power Variations (%)
Cumulative Frequency of Power Variations (%)
1 h 3 h 9 h 27 h
1 h 3 h 9 h 27 h
36