PHYS Ashutosh Rath - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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Contents Statement By Author Declaration Acknowledgments List of Publications Synopsis iii iv v viii xii 1 Introduction 1 2 Experimental techniques 7 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Thin film Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.1 Physical vapor deposition Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.2 Molecular beam epitaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2.3 Low vacuum annealing setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3 Characterization techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3.1 Transmission electron microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3.2 FIB-SEM-Cross beam system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.3.3 Electron Backscatter Diffraction Technique (EBSD) . . . . . . 30 2.3.4 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) . . . . . 31 2.3.5 Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3 Temperature-dependent electron microscopy study of Au thin films on Si(100) 38 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.2 Experimental methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 xviii
3.3 Results and discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4 Growth of Oriented Au Nanostructures: Role of Oxide at the Interface 54 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.2 Experimental Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.3 Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.3.1 Formation of oriented Au Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.3.2 Role of Vacuum level and interfacial oxide . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.3.3 Study of orientation of the Faceted Gold structures . . . . . . 65 4.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 5 Structural modification of gold silicide structures in Au/Si(100)system: Role of vacuum level and surface oxide 69 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.2 Experimental methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.3 Results and discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.3.1 With oxide at the interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.3.2 Without oxide at the interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 5.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 6 Nano scale phase separation in Au-Ge system on ultra clean Si(100) surfaces 83 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.2 Experimental details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 6.3 Results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 6.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 7 Gold assisted molecular beam epitaxy of Ge nanostructures on Ge (100) Surface 97 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 7.2 Experimental methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 7.3 Results and discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 7.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 xix
Page 1: DYNAMIC AND STATIC TEM STUDIES ON T
Page 4 and 5: Declaration I, Ashutosh Rath, hereb
Page 6 and 7: a special word of appreciation for
Page 8 and 9: List of Publications 1. 1‡ Epitax
Page 10 and 11: Muller,M. Schowalter, R.Imlau, A. R
Page 12 and 13: Synopsis The thesis work involves a
Page 14 and 15: gold nanostructures on Si (100) sur
Page 16 and 17: Au-Ge bilobed structures were forme
Page 20 and 21: 8 Summary 107 A Table to summarize
Page 22 and 23: 3.1 As deposited MBE sample showing
Page 24 and 25: 4.11 (a) SEM image taken at 54 o ti
Page 26 and 27: 6.7 Schematic diagram showing the A
Page 28 and 29: Introduction 2 giant magneto-resist
Page 30 and 31: Introduction 4 metals, in the case
Page 32 and 33: Introduction 6 and has been develop
Page 34 and 35: Experimental techniques 8 2.2 Thin
Page 36 and 37: Experimental techniques 10 for mono
Page 38 and 39: Experimental techniques 12 Layer pl
Page 40 and 41: Experimental techniques 14 signific
Page 42 and 43: Experimental techniques 16 Instrume
Page 44 and 45: Experimental techniques 18 Figure 2
Page 46 and 47: Experimental techniques 20 spherica
Page 52 and 53: Experimental techniques 26 a dynami
Page 54 and 55: Experimental techniques 28 that are
Page 56 and 57: Experimental techniques 30 componen
Page 60 and 61: Experimental techniques 34 electron
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3 Temperature-dependent ele
Page 66 and 67: Temperature-dependent electron micr
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Temperature-dependent electron micr
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Chapter 4 Growth of Oriented Au Nan
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Growth of Oriented Au Nanostructure
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Structural modification of gold sil
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Nano scale phase separation in Au-G
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Gold assisted molecular beam epitax
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Summary 108 square /rectangular sha
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Summary 110 the annealed sample whi
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Bibliography [1] M. S. Gudiksen, L.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 114 [32] Y. He, X. Yu
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 116 [67] M. Ohring Mat
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 118 [97] W. K. Chu, J.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 120 [131] C. Suryanara
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 122 [167] C. R. Henry,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 124 [201] E. Sutter an
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PHYS Ashutosh Rath - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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