Vietnam High Conservation Value Forest Toolkit - HCV Resource ...

Viet Nam High Conservation Value Forest 

Toolkit 

Version 1.4 

Hanoi, August 2008

Acknowledgements 

The concept of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF) was initially developed by the Forest 

Stewardship Council (FSC). One of the ten criteria for forest certification, HCVF refers to 

forests that need to be appropriately managed in order to maintain or enhance the identified 

High Conservation Values. Such values depend on the individual characteristics of the 

particular area according to the social, environmental and economic impacts it has. Viet Nam's 

rich biodiversity offers many opportunities for HCVF identification nationwide. 

In 2004, WWF, with support from ProForest, took the initiative to develop the first draft 

HCVF Toolkit for Viet Nam. From 2005 to 2006, the first versions 1.1 to 1.3 were 

experimentally applied to forest management units, which are aiming at forest certification. 

The field test revealed that draft 1.3 of Toolkit is not yet sufficiently matured to be applied on a 

broader scale. In 2008, WWF and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) upgraded the Toolkit 

(version 1.4) and tested in So Pai and Ha Nung state forest enterprises (SFE) in Gia Lai 

province, as well as in Ben Hai SFE in Quang Tri province. On 26 August 2008, WWF and 

TNC organized a workshop in Ha Noi, presenting the results of the HCVF tests and 

disseminating the final version of the toolkit. 

WWF express deep gratitude for efforts and dedications of several experts who were giving 

valuable comments constructive constributions, people working in different area including in 

the field who willingly shared practical experiences, donors and organizations who provided 

important financial, encouragements and other supports to get this final toolkit. 

Special thanks belong to RAFT Project of TNC, especially Dr. Cole Genge who provided 

financial supports and encouragements for WWF to take several activities to review the 

previous version of the toolkit, to test the toolkit in the fields, to conduct trainings and to 

disseminate the final toolkit for wider audience. 

We are also grateful the Consultants team, especially Dr. Nguyen Nghia Bien for their 

technical support. Our special thanks also go to the So Pai, Hanung SFEs in Gia Lai province 

and Ben Hai SFE in Quang Tri province for their organizationaul and logistical support during 

the field testing. 

We are pleased to present to you the final HCVF Toolkit for Vietnam with this publication and 

highly appreciate further constrctive comments and contributions to get it better. 

WWF Team 

i

Acronyms 

EBA 

FLMEC 

FMU 

FSC 

HCV 

HCVF 

IBA 

IUCN 

KBA 

MARD 

NGO 

NTFP 

PITC 

PRA 

RAFT 

RAMSAR 

RIL 

RRA 

SFE 

TFT 

TNC 

WWF 

Endemic Bird Area 

Forest of the Lower Mekong Ecoregion Complex 

Forest management unit 

Forest Stewardship Council 

High conservation value 

High conservation value forest 

Important Bird Area (sites of international importance for bird 

conservation) 

The World Conservation Union 

Key Biodiversity Area. (sites of international importance of conservation, 

defined because of their importance for species; KBAs include IBAs plus 

sites important for other taxonomic groups) 

Ministry for Agriculture and Rural Development 

Non-governmental organization 

Non-timber forest product 

Perak Integrated Timber Complex 

Participatory Rural Appraisal 

Responsible Asia Forest & Trade Program 

Internationally important wetland sites (defined according to global 

criteria set at the 1971 Convention on Wetlands of International 

Importance and named after the town in Iran where the convention was 

signed) 

Reduced impact logging 

Rapid Rural Appraisal 

State Forest Enterprise 

Tropical Forest Trust (an NGO) 

The Nature Conservancy 

World Wildlife Fund 

ii

Glossary 

Basic Need 

Biodiversity 

Buffer zone 

Centre of Plant 

Diversity 

Corridor 

Ecoregion 

Endemic Bird Area 

Endemic species 

Global 200 

Fundamental 

Importance 

Keystone resources 

Keystone species 

Natural Forest 

Plantation forest 

ProForest 

Requirements for the economic or bio-psychological survival of an 

individual or a group 

The variety among living organisms from all sources including, inter 

alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the 

ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity 

within species and of ecosystems. 

Area surrounding a national park in which development is controlled 

to minimise impact on the park, and to support the conservation of 

biodiversity. 

Areas identified by IUCN as having globally important 

concentrations of plant species. 

A forested link between two larger blocks of forest along which 

wildlife can travel 

Or ecological region is large area of relatively uniform climate that 

harbor a characteristic set of species and ecological communities. 

Areas that contain a concentration of endemic bird species. 

Specifically areas that contain the entire breeding ranges of two or 

more restricted-range bird species (those with a breeding range less 

than 50,000 km 2 ) 

Species that are considered as those species that are geographically 

confined to one or more areas, large or small, within both Viet Nam 

and the Indochinese sub-region. 

A list of the world’s most biologically important ecoregions as 

defined by WWF. 

A forest service which, 1) contributes in the range of 15-20% to 

either the family monetary economy or the family diet and which can 

not be replaced by an easily implemented alternative, i.e., the use is 

not discretionary and/or, 2) whose loss or degradation would 

seriously impact the health and well-being of the users. 

Those resources that play a unique and important role in the 

ecosystem function and that their removal will result in a 

fundamental change in that system. 

Those species that play a unique and important role in the ecosystem 

function and that their removal will result in a fundamental change in 

that system. 

Forest areas that are still made up of native species not artificially 

planted by man. They can be heavily degraded but still considered 

natural (as compared to plantation forest) 

A man made forest usually planted with fast growing non-native 

species, e.g. Pinus spp, Eucalyptus spp. 

Forestry consultancy from England that produced the first global 

iii

Protection Forest 

Red List 

SmartWood 

Special Use Forest 

Stakeholder 

Umbrella species 

toolkit on HCVF 

Vietnamese forest use category with the principle objective of 

watershed protection. 

A list of rare, threatened and endangered species created by national 

governments or the IUCN 

A US based organisation that carries out FSC certification 

assessments and drafted the Indonesian HCVF toolkit 

Vietnamese forest use category including that includes National 

Parks, Nature reserves and other terrestrial protected areas 

Any person, group or agency that has interest in a forest area. E.g. 

government agencies, local communities, international NGOs 

Those species whose needs may encapsulate the needs of the most 

other species 

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Contents 

Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................i 

Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ii 

Glossary..................................................................................................................................iii 

List of Tables...........................................................................................................................v 

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 

What is High Conservation Value Forest?............................................................................1 

High Conservation Value Forest and landscape planning..................................................2 

High Conservation Value Forest in South East Asia and Viet Nam...................................2 

The toolkit ...........................................................................................................................3 

Development of a toolkit for Viet Nam ................................................................................3 

Use of Viet Nam HCVF Toolkit...........................................................................................4 

Resources.........................................................................................................................6 

Precautionary approach ....................................................................................................6 

IDENTIFICATION OF HCVF ................................................................................................8 

HCV 1 : Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant concentrations 

of biodiversity values. ..........................................................................................................8 

HCV 2 : Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant large landscape 

level forests, contained within or containing the management unit, where viable populations 

of most if not all naturally occurring species exist in natural patterns of distribution and 

abundance.......................................................................................................................... 11 

HCV 3 : Forest areas that are in or contain rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems....... 12 

HCV 4 : Forest areas that provide basic services of nature in critical situations. ................. 14 

HCV 5 : Forest areas fundamental to meeting basic needs of local communities. ............... 16 

HCV 6 : Forest areas critical to local communities’ traditional cultural identity.................. 18 

MANAGEMENT OF HCVF IN VIET NAM......................................................................... 20 

MONITORING OF HCVF IN VIET NAM............................................................................ 25 

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 27 

ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................ 28 

Annex A. People involved in drafting Viet Nam HCVF Toolkit......................................... 28 

Annex B. List of precious, rare, endangered forest flora and fauna species......................... 29 

Annex C. List of forest fauna species and their taxonomy in Viet Nam Red List ................ 32 

Annex D. List of forest flora species and their taxonomy in Viet Nam Red List ................. 43 

Annex E. System of special-use forests in Viet Nam by 2010............................................. 54 

Annex F. IBAs, EBAs và FLMECs in Viet Nam ................................................................ 56 

Annex G. Method for the identification, management and monitoring of HCV5................. 59 

Annex H. Maps.................................................................................................................. 67 

List of Tables 

Table 1. Process of Vietnam HCVF Toolkit development ........................................................4 

Table 2. List of threatened or sensitive ecosystems ................................................................ 13 

Table 3. List of basic needs and thresholds............................................................................. 17 

Table 4. Possible cultural traits and thresholds ....................................................................... 20 

Table 5. Example of threats and management strategies for HCVF in production forests........ 24 

v

INTRODUCTION 

What is High Conservation Value Forest? 

The concept of High Conservation Value Forest was developed initially in the context of forest 

certification. Principle 9 of the Forest Stewardship Council’s principles and criteria for forest 

certification is used to give special recognition to forests that have a high conservation value 

and need special protection due to one or several features related to the attributes of the 

ecosystems, their environmental services and social values. 

Principle #9: Maintenance of high conservation value forests 

Management activities in high conservation value forests shall maintain or enhance the 

attributes which define such forests. Decisions regarding high conservation value forests shall 

always be considered in the context of a precautionary approach. 

9.1 Assessment to determine the presence of the attributes consistent with High Conservation 

Value Forests will be completed, appropriate to scale and intensity of forest management. 

9.2 The consultative portion of the certification process must place emphasis on the identified 

conservation attributes, and options for the maintenance thereof. 

9.3 The management plan shall include and implement specific measures that ensure the 

maintenance and/or enhancement of the applicable conservation attributes consistent with 

the precautionary approach. These measures shall be specifically included in the publicly 

available management plan summary. 

9.4 Annual monitoring shall be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the measures employed 

to maintain or enhance the applicable conservation attributes. 

(FSC 2004) 

In order to provide further guidance to forest managers FSC further went on to define 

High Conservation Value Forests as those that possess one or more of the following 

attributes: 

HCV 1 Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant concentrations of 

biodiversity values (e.g. endemism, endangered species, refugia). 

HCV 2 Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant large landscape 

level forests, contained within, or containing the management unit, where viable 

populations of most if not all naturally occurring species exist in natural patterns of 

distribution and abundance. 

HCV 3 Forest areas that are in or contain rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems. 

HCV 4 Forest areas that provide basic services of nature in critical situations (e.g. watershed 

protection, erosion control). 

HCV 5 Forest areas fundamental to meeting basic needs of local communities (e.g. 

subsistence, health). 

1

HCV 6 Forest areas critical to local communities’ traditional cultural identity (areas of 

cultural, ecological, economic or religious significance identified in cooperation with 

such local communities). 

Therefore, a forest is an HCVF if it contains one or more of the above values. The key to this 

principle is the concept of values. HCVF is not concerned with the conservation of a single rare 

species or of community rights. The concept is more general than that and consequently harder 

to define. Values are more related to the function of a forest at a local, regional or global scale. 

These may be clear functions such as watershed protection or the maintenance of a food 

resource for local people. But it also includes more intrinsic elements such as a community of 

endemic species which may have no clear economic value but are important for the 

maintenance of the diversity of life. 

This has large consequences for management options. Management objectives have to 

maintain or enhance the value, not preserve it. Therefore, for example, timber harvesting may 

be allowed on a critical watershed as long as it is done in a manner that does not affect the 

water control function of that area. Similarly, operations may continue in areas of social value 

but the management must not negatively impact on the values deemed fundamental to the local 

communities. 

The ideas covered in HCVF are not new, there are many other tools for prioritizing land for 

conservation or social importance but one of the reasons that HCVF has gained popularity is 

that in a relatively simple way it combines both environmental and social factors into one 

notion. 

High Conservation Value Forest and landscape planning 

Although initially developed as part of forest certification, HCVF is now also being used more 

widely as a tool for conservation planning. The values that are used to identify important 

forests in production forest are just as valid for identifying important forests at a landscape 

level. ProForest has also produced guidelines for the identification of HCVFs by conservation 

practitioners (ProForest 2004a, 2004b). 

High Conservation Value Forest in South East Asia and Viet Nam 

In recent years, only two country specific toolkits, for Indonesia and Lao PDR, have been 

developed to define local standards for HCVF in South-east Asia. Additionally an HCVF 

assessment has been carried out in the PITC in Malaysia, but its guidance was independent of 

the ProForest toolkit. 

HCVF is of relevance to Viet Nam where the ecological, environmental and social context 

warrants that most users of natural forest are likely operating in a HCVF. The concept, 

however, is new to Viet Nam. This toolkit is designed to help stakeholders to identify whether 

HCVF is present, and provide some guidance to how these areas can be managed and 

monitored. 

2

The toolkit 

The Viet Nam HCVF toolkit is a simple but essential guide book for the identification of 

HCVF in Viet Nam. It covers the following main parts: 

• Concepts of HCVs and HCVF 

• Identification of HCVs 

• Management of HCVs 

• Monitoring of HCVs 

Besides, the annexes provide users with additional information needed for the assessment 

process. Annex C, however, focuses only on Group I: Forest flora and fauna prohibited for 

commercial harvest and use in compliance with Decree 32/2006/ND-CP. 

This Toolkit can be used by any stakeholders interested in determining where there is HCVF 

present in a given area, as follows: 

1. Use by forest managers, certifiers and purchasers 

Forest managers can carry out evaluations on their forest areas to determine whether any of the 

defined HCVs are present within their production forest area for integrating HCV identification 

and management into their overall forest management planning and activities. Certifiers would 

also utilize the defined national set of HCVs for carrying out assessments in their evaluation of 

compliance with certification requirements on specific forest management units. Purchasers 

implementing HCVF policies can utilize landscape-level and SFE level information about the 

presence of HCVs in setting precautionary purchasing policies. 

2. Use by landscape planners 

Defined HCVs can be used to draw up landscape-level plans and maps to show actual or 

potential HCVF. Such maps could then be used to inform and prioritize land-use planning 

decisions and conservation planning. 

3. Use by investors and donors 

Investors and donors are increasingly concerned to provide safeguards to ensure that 

investments or donations do not promote socially or environmentally irresponsible actions 

from potential recipients. By concentrating on the most critical environmental and social 

values, the HCVF framework provides a potential mechanism for ensuring that donors and 

investors fulfill their own environmental and social policies. 

4. Policy Development 

The definition of national HCVs can guide policy restructuring for forestry or land use 

planning. The HCVF Toolkit can provide a simple but robust framework for the future 

planning on Viet Nam’s forest resources. 

Development of a toolkit for Viet Nam 

The HCVF toolkit (ProForest 2003) outlines two approaches to developing a national standard. 

A ‘mutli-stakeholder, consensus based approach’ and a ‘technical adaptation’. The former is an 

in-depth process designed to develop a definitive standard using a wide range of stakeholders. 

The later is a more rapid approach using a smaller representative team to produce a practical 

working standard, but one that is not yet seen to have the status of a national standard. Given 

the current situation in Vietnam, the technical adaptation was considered an appropriate 

approach. At a later date this may then lead to a more thorough national standard. 

3

The initial workshop for developing the Toolkit took place in Hanoi on 15 th to 18 th November 

2004. The Viet Nam toolkit is closely based on the Generic toolkit developed by ProForest 

(2003) with reference to the national toolkits for Indonesia, Laos PDR, Papua New Guinea, 

Ghana and Mozambique (see References). The process of development of the Vietnam HCVF 

Toolkit is summarized in Table 1. 

Table 1. Process of Vietnam HCVF Toolkit development 

Year Activity Output 

1998 Viet Nam approached FSC Forest Certification Draft national set of 

C&Is for SFM 

2004 WWF (with TFT) initiated developing HCVF Toolkit for 

Viet Nam: 

- HCVF Toolkit Formulation Workshop: 15 – 18/11/2004 Draft 1.0 (EN, VN) 1 

in Ha Noi; 

- Peer reviewing. Draft 1.1 (EN, VN) 

2005 Field test of Draft 1.1: 

2006 

2008 

- So Pai & Ha Nung SFEs (Gia Lai): 09-14/5/2005 Draft 1.2 (EN, VN) 

Field test of Draft 1.2: 

- Truong Son SFE (Quang Binh): 19-23/6/2006 

- A Vuong & Song Kon Protection Forest Management 

Boards (Quang Nam): 24-28/7/2006 

Draft 1.3 (VN) 

Field test of Draft 1.3: 

- Song Kon SFE (Binh Dinh): 18-23/12/2006 

Amendment of the Toolkit: 

- Roundtable workshop: 27/7/2008 in Ha Noi Draft 1.4a (VN) 

Field test of Draft 1.4a: 

- So Pai & Ha Nung SFEs (Gia Lai): 05-11/8/2008 

- Ben Hai SFE (Quang Tri): 16-19/8/2008 Draft 1.4b (VN) 

Toolkit dissemination workshop: 26/8/2008 in Ha Noi Draft 1.4 (EN, VN) 

Peer reviewing 

Finalizing the Toolkit 

Toolkit final version 

Use of Viet Nam HCVF Toolkit 

The toolkit is designed to be used in any landscape or forested area in Vietnam, based on the 

biological and sociological situation and need not be strictly limited by current national land 

classifications. It could be used in an area of any forest category (production, protection and/or 

special-use forests) at any scale. 

The first stage in any HCVF analysis is to define the scale of workload. If this toolkit is being 

used to identify HCVF in an SFE, for the purposes of FSC P9, this task is relatively easy. The 

scale of assessment is the SFE, the bordering land, and the neighboring communities. The 

assessment determines which HCVs are present in the SFE. 

If the toolkit is being used as a landscape analysis tool, however, defining the scale and using 

the toolkit can be harder. The landscape scale may be defined by a large matrix of forests or by 

administrative boundaries and should be clear before the assessment is started. Maps should be 

1 EN stands for English version, VN – Vietnamese version (authors). 

4

available of the landscape in question and should show topography, forest cover, land use, 

rivers, infrastructure and villages. Whilst performing the HCVF assessment at a landscape level 

one must ask the questions outlined below for the whole area, and then specify in greater detail 

which HCVs are present where within the landscape. This may involve assessing HCVF in 

each forest block in the landscape. 

In the sections below each of the 6 values are covered in greater detail. A description of the 

value is provided, along with a rational as to why it should be considered important. 

For each value there is a series of questions that should be asked by users of this document 

when assessing whether HCVF is present. Where possible these take the form of yes/no 

questions that lead users to determine whether defined thresholds have been met. These 

thresholds are key to the identification of HCVF. They are the point, or level at which a value 

becomes important enough to be considered of high conservation value (see Figure 1). 

Figure 1. HCVs and threshold 

Previous Proforest toolkits have provided 2 assessment options: a preliminary assessment to 

determine if HCVFs might be present and a full assessment to define exactly what values are 

present and where. To assist forest managers in identifying specific HCVs and developing their 

management strategies to meet requirements from FSC Principle 9, the Viet Nam toolkit 

focuses only on a “full assessment”. 

HCV 1 and 4 are specified in terms of several elements. Any forest area where at least one of 

these elements is present would be referred to as a HCVF. 

Values 5 and 6 are harder to define. The high ethnic diversity and great variation in livelihood 

conditions in Viet Nam make it impossible to give a definitive threshold for all situations. For 

these values the key process is consultation with the local communities. 

The process of HCVF identification requires a number of clear points, as follows: 

• The result of HCVs identification should be specified in great details on HCVF maps, and 

integrated into HCV management and monitoring plans. For HCV 5, wherever information 

from different sources assures that one or more basic needs are met by a forest area in a 

sustainable way without any available alternative to replace, the entire or part of the area 

would be HCVF. 

• Questions outlined in the instructions to users are used to guide them in the whole process 

of HCV identification and later reporting. Detailed information for assessment, however, 

can be obtained from various sources by different methods/techniques, depending on the 

user’s knowledge and skills relevant to these methods/techniques. The Toolkit attempts to 

5

introduce appropriate methods/techniques to be used and will not go deeper into explaining 

them in detail. 

• In some situations, one or more HCVs might be NOT present. It does not mean the users 

skip identifying these HCVs. Whereas, the users have to answer all questions relevant to 

each HCV and always employ the precautionary principle. 

The final sections of the toolkit deal with management and monitoring. It is not within the 

scope of the toolkit to give detailed instructions on how to manage and monitor HCVF. 

Instead, some general information on the sort of approach to management and background on 

how to set up monitoring programs is provided. 

Resources 

The resources needed to complete an assessment are relatively modest and can depend on the 

size of the area. In general however some resources will be needed for all analyses: 

The assessment team should consist of both ecological and social experts who preferably have 

expertise in the area of forest in question. Especially, the social experts should have experience 

in participatory consultation methods. The team should also include representatives of the 

SFEs and/or agencies whose forest is being assessed such as SFE staff, DARD and DONRE 

staff, etc. Additional team expertise including a mapping/GIS expert and a hydrologist is 

preferable, but is not essential. 

The amount of time needed is dependent on the size of the area, the number of villages, the 

amount of data already available and the degree of thoroughness to be taken. Some things will 

however need to be considered: i) time must be spent with stakeholders at the beginning and 

end of any work to explain the process and to brief the results; ii) the ecology experts will need 

to spend some time in the field looking for values, but most of this information could be 

obtained from secondary sources; iii) the social experts will need to visit each community 

likely to use the forest area. At least one day of consultation will be needed per village to 

gather the bare minimum of information. 

Other resources: In the preparation and completion of any HCVF analysis access to written 

and on-line resources would be a great help. Maps of land cover, land use, villages, 

infrastructure, topography, sites of socio-cultural importance will also be extremely useful. 

Precautionary approach 

One important component in the identification, management and monitoring of HCVF is the 

precautionary approach. HCVFs are, by definition, the most important forests from a 

conservation or social perspective (depending on the HCVs identified). Therefore, it is 

critically important that the values identified are not lost. But with the current level of 

knowledge about forests and how they function, it is not possible to be sure in every case that a 

particular management strategy will work. Therefore, it is essential to use the precautionary 

approach when dealing with HCVFs. 

The precautionary approach operates both when identifying HCVs and when managing already 

identified HCVs: 

• Assessing the presence of HCVFs: where doubt exists as to whether an attribute, or 

collection of attributes, are sufficient to signify HCVs, then the toolkit user will treat these 

attributes as HCVs, until information becomes sufficient to prove otherwise. This should 

6

occur when users and regional/national experts lack sufficient information to make an 

informed judgment. 

• Managing and monitoring HCVs: where doubt exists as to whether any of the other 

management options are able to maintain or enhance the identified HCVs, then, consistent 

with the precautionary approach, protection will be the preferred option; or where doubt 

exists as to whether a particular activity might have a negative effect on a HCV, then it 

should be assumed that it will until information collected is sufficient to prove that it does 

not. 

7

IDENTIFICATION OF HCVF 

HCV 1: Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant 

concentrations of biodiversity values. 

Definition 

This value is concerned mostly with the maintenance of species biodiversity. In order to 

qualify as HCVF, an area however has to contain an unusually high concentration of 

biodiversity. Since the assessment of what species are present and whether there is a 

concentration of biodiversity is often time-consuming and expensive, several elements (HCV 

1.1 – 1.4) have been defined to act as indicators of high levels of biodiversity values. 

HCV 1.1: Special-use Forests 

In most countries protected areas have been designed to protect biodiversity. In Viet Nam, a 

system of special-use forests (national parks, natural preservation areas, landscape protection 

areas, etc.) 2 is also vital for the conservation of biodiversity values. 

A forest, which is located next to and is still in a similar condition to a special-use forest, is 

likely to possess those biodiversity values that are present in the adjacent special-use forest. 

HCV 1.2: Threatened and Endangered Species 

Forests regularly supporting significant numbers of threatened and endangered species are 

generally seen to have high biodiversity values. Forests that contain a great many such species 

can be used as an indicator of a concentration of biodiversity. 

In some circumstances the presence of single species is enough to constitute the value. These 

are species that are critically endangered and their conservation is of vital importance. 

HCV 1.3: Endemic Species 

Endemic species are species that are confined to a restricted geographical range (e.g. a single 

mountain chain, island or country). Conservation of endemic species is an important part of 

biodiversity conservation. The regular occurrence of significant numbers of endemic species 

constitutes a high conservation value. 

In many situations a detailed list of all species is not available; indicators such as Endemic Bird 

Areas (see Annex F) can be used instead. Some areas of Viet Nam are noted for their high 

levels of endemism. The presence of a single known endemic species could be an indicator that 

many other endemic species that have not yet been noted may be present. 

Some species are not strictly endemic to Viet Nam alone, but have populations in neighboring 

countries. For example the Sao la (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) is found mainly in Viet Nam but 

there are some populations across the border in Lao PDR. These species are equally important 

as country endemics. They hence are termed “near-endemics”. 

HCV 1.4: Critical Temporal Use 

2 This does not include special-use forests designated for historical or cultural reasons. These however may be 

considered in HCV5 or HCV6. 

8

Many species are dependent on specific locations or habitats at certain periods of their life. 

Conservation of such sites is vital for the conservation of these species. Sites that are critical to 

a population are HCVF. If these sites are lost it would have a serious impact on the survival of 

those species locally or globally. 

Sites that support important congregations of migratory birds such as the Sarus crane (Grus 

antigone) or Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor), or migratory populations of mammals 

such as elephant (Elephas maximus) are the most famous examples of this HCV. 

Instructions to user 

1.1: Special-use Forests 

Question Answer Guidance 

1.1.1: Is the forest area an Yes 

existing or proposed 

special-use forest? 

This is a HCVF. 

Definition and management of special-use forests are 

specified in Forest Protection and Development Act 

2004, Decree 23/2006/Nð-CP, Decision 

186/2006/Qð-TTg. 

Information from MARD’s Department of Forest 

Protection, Provincial People’s Committees, 

international conservation organizations, forest 

managers, maps and results of reassessment of 3 

forest categories regarding Instruction 38/2005/CT- 

TTg. 

No This element is not present. Go to question 1.1.2 

Yes Go to question 1.1.3. 

Information from maps, forest status reports, etc. 

1.1.2: Is this forest area 

adjacent to a special-use 

forest? No This element is not present 

1.1.3: Is this forest area of a 

similar character to the 

adjacent special-use forest? 

Yes 

No 

1.2: Threatened and Endangered Species 

This is a HCVF. 

Information from forest inventory and planning 

reports, research and survey reports, consultation with 

forest managers and scientists/experts. 

This element is not present 


1.2.1: Are there many Yes The forest is HCVF. As the target is a production 

species identified as 

forest, it is necessary to limit species in question to 

threatened and endangered 

in Viet Nam found in the 

forest area? 

threatened, endangered critically endangered species 

listed on the Viet Nam red list 2007 and Decree 

32/2006/ Nð-CP. 

“Many” may vary depending on each area and could 

be estimated as at least: 1 critically endangered 

species, or 1% of threatened and/or endangered 

species found in the area compared to the total 

number listed on the Viet Nam red list 2007 and 

Decree 32/2006/ Nð-CP. 


9


1.2.2: Is the forest area 

currently identified as an 

Yes For example, regenerated natural forest with low 

levels of disturbance and fragmentation. Information 

area of biodiversity 

from research/survey reports, forest managers, forest 

importance? 

inventory data, international conservation 

organizations (to clarify whether the area is one of 

IBAs, KBAs or FLMECs in Viet Nam). 3 

This is HCVF. 


previously noted for it’s 

biodiversity importance? 

1.3: Endemic Species 


Yes The forest is HCVF. Information from research/ 

survey reports, forest managers, international 

conservation organizations (whether the area was one 

of IBAs, KBAs or FLMECs in Viet Nam). 

No 

This element is not present 


1.3.1: Has a single endemic 

or near endemic species 

Yes If Yes the area is HCVF. Information from 

biodiversity survey reports, international conservation 

being threatened been 

organizations, forest managers, or consultation with 

recorded in the forest area? 

hunters/trappers. 


located in a region 

previously identified as 

having high endemism? 

1.4: Critical Temporal Use 


Yes The area is HCVF. Information from state agencies, 

international conservation organizations, forest 

managers. Further work is needed to verify the 

presence of these endemic species. Refer to Schmidt 

(1989) and Annex F for more information. 

No 

This element is not present. 

Question 

Answer Guidance 

1.4.1: Are there food resources/ Yes If yes go to question 1.4.2. Information can be 

wetlands/migratory populations obtained from local people, employees or 

present at some point or time in the 

forest area? No 

previous surveys. 


1.4.2: Is the resource critical to 

survival of a biological population 

or community? 

Yes 

No 

The area is HCVF. To verify it is important 

to consult with experts. 

This element is not present. Go to question 

1.4.3 

1.4.3: Is the forest located in an area Yes The area is HCVF. Information from state 

proposed for other categories agencies, forest management boards, 

(wetland, marine protected area, 

etc.) of the conservation system? No 

international conservation organizations. 


3 See Annexes F and H. 

10

HCV 2: Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant 

large landscape level forests, contained within or containing the management 

unit, where viable populations of most if not all naturally occurring species 

exist in natural patterns of distribution and abundance. 

Definition 

This value is concerned less with species but more with large scale forests. With recent levels 

of fragmentation and deforestation in South-east Asia landscape level forests are becoming 

increasingly rare. This value aims not only to identify and maintain large forests that may 

contain viable populations of all (or most) species, but also to maintain the forest ecosystem. 

These forests are relatively undisturbed by recent human activities such as plantations, 

industrial harvesting of timber, farming encroachment, and road building. 

In tropical forests it is nearly impossible to know whether an area is big enough to support 

viable populations of all species. Very little is currently known on what is a viable population 

of well known species such as tiger, let alone obscure ones such as snails or fungi. In order to 

identify HCVF, these two characteristics need to be considered: actual forest area, and the 

presence of umbrella species. These are species that are dependent on large areas of low 

disturbance forest and are therefore indicators of a landscape level forest. 

There are two important things to note: 

• Landscape level forests are not defined by administrative or political boundaries but are 

defined by forest cover. When looking for landscape level forests do not limit the area 

of analysis to a particular SFE or country. 

• Throughout Viet Nam, the landscape level forests are concerned with the matrix of 

natural forest types. For instance, dry dipterocarp forest with strips of evergreen forest 

along water ways should be viewed together as integral components of landscape level 

forests. 



2.1: Is the forest part of 

continuous forest area? 

Yes 

No 

Go to question 2.2. Information on forest cover can 

be obtained from maps, and remote sensing images. 

The value is not present 

2.2: Is the whole forest 

block in nearly undisturbed 

condition? 

Yes Go to question 2.3. This refers to low levels of 

disturbance from logging, farming or defoliants, etc. 

The forest is relatively un-fragmented compared to 

other forest in the region. The forest matrix is all 

natural forest. 

No The value is not present. 

2.3: Is the entire forest 

matrix larger than 10,000 

ha? 

Yes 

No 

Go to question 2.4. Information on forest area can 

be gleaned from maps and remote sensing images. 

The value is not present. 

11


2.4: Is there a population of 

an umbrella species? 

Yes If 2.3 AND 2.4 are yes, the area is HCVF. 

Information on what may be considered umbrella 

species and their presence can be obtained from 

experts, previous surveys, or local knowledge. The 

precautionary approach must be used when 

assessing the presence of these species. Justification 

must be given as to why the species chosen is 

considered an umbrella species in that location, and 

what evidence there is for its presence. 

See ‘Additional questions’ below. 


Additional questions: 

If the forest is HCVF the toolkit user must ask several more questions. These will not change 

the status as HCVF but will be important in developing management and monitoring programs. 

1 Is the forest block across a national border? 

If yes it may be necessary to develop cross border links to maintain the value. 

2 Is the forest being assessed a part of or the entire landscape level forest? 

For example, many SFEs have forest cover of less than 10,000 ha. In themselves they will 

not contain this value but may however be part of a larger block. Management strategies 

must consider this attribute. 

3 If part of a large block, what proportion of the large block is made up from the forest area 

under consideration? 

HCV 3: Forest areas that are in or contain rare, threatened or endangered 

ecosystems. 

Definition 

This value is also concerned with ecosystems. It is not looking at the presence of specific 

species or at the scale of the forest, but is designed to ensure that rare and threatened 

ecosystems are adequately conserved, even if they do not in themselves contain many rare 

species, or are on a landscape level. 

It is important to note that this value considers two things: 

• Ecosystems that are naturally rare, but may not necessarily be under threat. Cloud forests 

for example are confined to high mountain tops. These areas may be restricted to only a 

few of the highest peaks in a Viet Nam. 

• Ecosystems that are under great threat, globally, regionally or nationally. These are forest 

areas that are threatened from destruction but may have at one time been very widespread. 

Lowland evergreen forests in South-east Asia for example are highly threatened from 

unsustainable logging and conversion. Limestone forest is relatively well represented in 

Viet Nam, and under relatively low threat. Globally however limestone karst forests are 

relatively unusual and in some cases threatened by quarrying or wildfires. 

12

Many different forest types have been identified in Viet Nam. Given Vietnam’s context, it is 

possible to look at sensitive ecosystems instead of rare and/or endangered ones in assessing 

HCV 3. A sensitive ecosystem is likely to be definitely representative of a certain region and is 

irrecoverable if being damaged. These include limestone karst forest, dry Dipterocarp forest 

(found in the Central Highland of Viet Nam, Southern Laos and Cambodia), or mangrove 

forest, etc. 


Question 

3.1: Is any of forest types listed 

below (Table 2) found in the forest 

area? 

3.2: Is the forest representative of 

region/sub-region? 


Yes See list below. Information on forest types 

can be found from maps, previous surveys 

and/or consultation with forest managers. 

Go to question 3.2. 

No The value is not present 

Yes If yes the area is HCVF. Refer to information 

available from forest administration agencies, 

forest managers and other experts. 


Table 2. List of threatened or sensitive ecosystems 

1 Natural coniferous forest 

2 Natural mixed forest 

3 Limestone karst forest 

4 Wetland ecosystem, freshwater swamp 

5 Mangrove forest 

6 Lowland evergreen forest 

7 Dry Dipterocarp forest 

8 Semi-evergreen 

9 Xeric dune forest 

10 

This classification is based on two criteria: the forest type is based on the phenology, geology, 

hydrology and elevation of the area, whereas the forest status is determined by the area 

occupied and the level of disturbance. 

For an area to be HCVF, the condition of the forest has to be assessed using the forest status 

data. For instance, lowland evergreen forest is considered rare enough in Viet Nam that all of 

that forest type is considered HCVF assuming that it is part of forest block large enough to 

remain ecologically viable. Montane evergreen forest on the other hand is relatively 

widespread and not threatened. For this to be considered HCVF it has to be in reasonably good 

condition. 

13

HCV 4: Forest areas that provide basic services of nature in critical situations. 

Definition 

This value is concerned with environmental services of forests, their role in regulating climate, 

water flow and other essential services of nature. Unlike HCVs 1 – 3 that could only be used 

for natural forests, HCV 4 could be applied for both natural forests and planted protection 

forests. 

In recognition of the environmental services of forests, HCV 4 is divided into several elements 

(HCV 4.1 – 4.2), all of which need to be assessed to determine whether and area is HCVF. 

HCV 4.1: Forests critical to the maintenance and regulation of water sources for drinking 

and irrigation. 

Forests play a critical role in controlling water flow and supply, possibly on a large scale where 

whole valleys and catchments regulate the flow of water into river systems. This element 

however should also be seen on a small scale where a forest area might represent the only 

source of drinking and cooking water for a community. Loss of the forest cover may 

irreparably damage the water supply. 

An area is HCVF only if the water supply or catchment is essential. Loss of this water supply 

will have drastic impacts on a community or communities. In some situations this element 

could also be referred to as HCV 5 whilst assessing community’s access to sources of drinking 

water. HCV 4 is more concerned with if a source of water is used for irrigation purposes. 

HCV 4.2: Forests critical to the prevention of landslide, flash floods, soil erosion, storm 

wind, sedimentation and protection of coast lines. 

Forests play a roll in stabilizing land. The vegetation cover can reduce the direct erosion from 

rain fall, and the binding of roots and plant matter can secure soils preventing landslides. This 

too can be viewed at two scales: at a large scale, erosion and the silting up of river and 

irrigation systems can effect agriculture, fisheries and marine ecosystems; at a local scale, 

forest cover may prevent landslides and the erosion of farming or residential land, the cutting 

of communications (roads, power, phones, etc), or the filling up of irrigation structures. 

In terms of protection of coast lines, forest is critical to mitigate negative impacts caused by 

storms, sand wind, tidal waves and tsunami. 

Forest that possesses one or more important functions mentioned above is considered a HCVF. 


4.1: Forests critical to the maintenance and regulation of water sources for drinking and 

irrigation. 

Possible indicators / sources of information: 

• Scale and nature of the area (topography, area, catchment, river system, etc?) 

• Location and degree of protection by the forest area (upstream/downstream, extremely 

critical/critical/less critical?) 

14

• Location and characteristics of a residential area (number of households/inhabitants, 

cultivation area, plant species, number of crops per year, etc?) 

Question 

4.1.1: Is the area defined as 

protection forest in Viet Nam? 

4.1.2 : Are any compartments in the 

SFE designated as protection forest 

4.1.3 : Does a village or community 

living near the forest area get > 90 

% of it’s water for drinking/cooking, 

household use and irrigation from a 

single, or few, sources in the forest 

area. 


Yes All protection forest is HCVF. Definition and 

management of protection forests are 

specified in Forest Protection and 

Development Act 2004, Decree 23/2006/ Nð- 

CP, Decision 186/2006/ Qð-TTg. 

Information from the results of reassessing 3 

forest categories regarding Instruction 

38/2005/ CT-TTg; forest status maps/satellite 

images and forest managers. 

No This element is not present. Go to question 

4.1.2 

Yes All protection compartments are HCVF. 

Information from the results of reassessing 3 

forest categories regarding Instruction 

38/2005/ CT-TTg, forest status maps/satellite 

images and forest managers. 

No This element is not present. Go to 4.1.3 

Yes Forest surrounding the water source/spring is 

HCVF. Information can be obtained from 

consultation with local communities, field 

observation and available maps. 

No This element is not present. 

In some cases, the identification of HCV 4.1 can be simplified by obtaining from forest 

managers and local communities such information as: % of households getting enough water 

for drinking/ irrigation, % of cultivation area being irrigated for 1 or 2 crops, etc. Where 

possible, the precautionary principle should be used. 

4.2: Forests critical to the prevention of landslide, flash floods, soil erosion, storm wind, 

sedimentation and protection of coast lines. 

Possible indicators /sources of information: 

• Characteristics of the area (topography, slope, elevation, rain fall and distribution, river 

system, etc.) 

• Soil type (soil texture, soil layer thickness, etc.) 

• Location and attributes of the forest area (area, forest shadow coverage ≥ 0.6, forest 

type, forest status, etc.) 

• Current status of local natural disasters/calamities (frequency, time and location of 

occurring flood, flash floods, landslides, tidal waves acceleration, storm wind, etc. as 

well as level of damage and long-term impacts) 

Question 

4.2.1: Is a forest area defined as 

protection forest or protected by the 

community? 


Yes This is HCV. Information from local forest 

planning reports, forest status maps/satellite 

images, forest managers and local 

communities. 

15

Question 

4.2.2: Is the forest located within an 

area frequently suffering from 

natural calamities/disasters? 

4.2.3: Have natural calamities/ 

disasters occurring in the area been 

serious? 


No Go to 4.2.2. 

Yes This is HCV. Information from local 

authority’s reports, previous researches, forest 

managers and local communities. 

No Go to 4.2.3. 

Yes 

No 

The area is HCVF. Information from 

Government’s and local authority’s reports, 

from consultation with scientists and local 

communities. 


In some cases, if information and its sources are not reliable enough to conclude on the 

presence of HCV 4.2, the precautionary principle should be employed. 

HCV 5: Forest areas fundamental to meeting basic needs of local communities. 

Definition 

HCV 5 applies only to basic needs. For instance, if a community derives a major share of its 

protein from hunting/fishing in a forest area without any alternative source, the forest area 

would constitute a HCV. If, in another forest, people hunt largely for recreational purposes 

(even if they did eat their catch) and their livelihoods were not dependent upon hunting, then 

this would not constitute a HCV. 

A forest may have HCV status if local communities obtain essential fuel, food, fodder, 

medicines, or building materials from the forest, without readily available alternatives. In such 

cases, the High Conservation Value is specifically identified as one or more of these basic 

needs. 

However, HCVs do not apply to excessive extraction, even when communities are currently 

economically dependent on it. Nor do they include the excessive application of traditional 

practices, when these are degrading or destroying the forests and the other values present in the 

forest. 

The following would not be considered HCVs: 

• Forests providing resources of minor importance to local communities. 

• Forests that provide resources that could readily be obtained elsewhere or that could be 

replaced by substitutes. 

• Forests that provide resources that are being extracted at unsustainable levels by the 

local community. 

• Forests that provide resources that can only be obtained in a way that threatens the 

maintenance of other HCVs. 

HCV5 is determined by actual reliance on the forest of communities (even when this reliance 

is only occasional, as in the case of forests providing food in times of famine). 

In Viet Nam, communities living in and around forest areas have a varying degree of 

dependency on forest resources depending on their origin, their history, the influence of 

16

external parties such as traders, companies or government, as well as their access to markets 

and agricultural technologies. Indigenous communities living in isolated areas usually have a 

high degree of dependency to the forest. However, even migrant communities may become 

dependant on the forest if, for example, they harvest timber or non-timber forest products and 

make it part of their livelihood. 

Instructions to Users 

Identification of this value is different from the identification of the previous ones such that it 

is totally reliant on consultation with local communities and with other experts. To make a final 

conclusion on whether HCV 5 is present in a forest area, the following questions could be 

used: 


5.1: Are there communities 

living in or near the forest 

area? 

Yes Go to 5.2. Guidance on this can be found from 

maps, local knowledge, reports of local authorities, 

Government statistics, NGOs, Committee for 

Ethnic Minorities, Vietnamese Academy of Social 

Sciences, etc. 

5.2: Do the communities use 

the forest for their basic 

needs 4 ? 

5.3 : Are the basic needs 

fundamental 6 for the local 

communities 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

This value is not present. 

Go to 5.3. A list of “basic needs” and thresholds is 

provided in Table 3. Information can be obtained 

from socio-economic survey reports, FMU’s 

business management plan, locally on-going 

projects’ documents and consultation with local 

communities as well as social and ethnic experts. 5 

This value is not present. 

The forest area is HCVF. Tools for assessing are 

introduced below. It is necessary to consult with 

FMUs, local authorities and social/ethnics experts. 

The value is not present. 

Table 3. List of basic needs and thresholds 

Basic needs Threshold Means of verification 

Food (vegetable, > 30% It is possible to interview local people to know the shares (%) 

fruits, meat, fish, from forest regarding different sources (forest, home garden or market), and 

seasonings, etc.) 

then to determine an average share. It is also possible to 

estimate the share (%) in value if information on food quantity 

Medicine > 80% 

from forest 

and prices is available. 

It is possible to estimate through: a number of treatments using 

medicine from forest among the total number of treatments, or 

ordinary illness cases that can be cured by medicine from forest 

4 "Basic needs" is interpreted by FSC as requirements for the economic or bio-psychological survival of an 

individual or group. 

5 In case if information obtained from socio-economic survey reports is out of date or unreliable to clarify the 

presence of HCV 5, the assessment team needs to do additional surveys in local villages that are likely to depend 

on forests for living. 

6 “Fundamental” is interpreted by FSC as a forest use which contributes in the range of 15-20% to either the 

community monetary economy or the community diet and which can not be replaced by an easily implemented 

alternative, i.e., the use is not discretionary. It can also imply a symbolic or aesthetic use whose loss would 

seriously impact the cultural identity of the users. 

17

Basic needs Threshold Means of verification 

among all cases. 

Fuel (firewood, torch 

resin, etc.) 

100% from 

forest 

Firewood is used for cooking, heating and drying crop products. 

Resin is used for home torching and night walking and 

Construction material > 80% 

from forest 

Drinking water 

Animal fodder 

Income > 40% 

from 

sustainable 

sources 

irreplaceable. 

Timber, rattan, tree leaves, tree bark, resin, etc. are used for 

constructing house and stable, making furniture and working 

tools, etc. Combined interview and observation help to find 

from local people out where and for what the construction 

material is collected? Different ranges (i.e. most = 81 - 100%; 

majority = 51 – 80%; some = 21 – 50%; little = < 20%) 

could be used to define actual values. 

Find out whether local people derive drinking water from 

natural sources (river, stream, ground water, semi-open pipe, 

etc.) or from man-made sources (Government-sponsored and/or 

foreign aid sanitary water supply programs)? It could be found 

out through a number of households/people using drinking 

water from natural or man-made sources. 

Find out whether local people keep their cattle in forest or near 

their houses, and whether animal feed is collected from forest or 

bought in the market. 

This is an aggregate indicator which can be estimated from all 

above items if information on quantity and price is adequate. It 

is however possible to employ a social survey method to 

determine household income structure. The result can be used to 

crosscheck the value of above basic needs. Sustainable sources 

are critical to ensure a permanent income even if other sources 

are decreasing. 

Collection of information for assessing the importance of forest resources in meeting basic 

needs of local people can be undertaken using a number of methods/techniques, as follows: 

Reference to and inheritance of statistical data, reports on locally conducted socioeconomic 

surveys; 

Reference to the method for the identification, management and monitoring of HCV 5 

(Annex G). This method has been tested by SmartWood in Indonesia; 

Selected PRA/RRA tools such as: village history, participatory land-use planning map, 

seasonal calendar, household interview, etc. 

Social survey methods. 

Wherever information is inadequate or unreliable to make a conclusion on whether HCV 5 is 

present, the precautionary approach is helpful. 

HCV 6: Forest areas critical to local communities’ traditional cultural identity 

Definition 

As well as being essential for subsistence and survival of indigenous people, forests can be 

critical to local communities for their cultural identity. This value is designed to protect the 

traditional culture of local communities where the forest is critical to their identity, thereby 

helping to maintain the cultural integrity of the community. A forest may be designated a 

HCVF if it contains or provides values without which a local community would suffer an 

18

unacceptable cultural change and for which the community has no alternative (ProForest 

2003). 

This should include both people living inside forest areas and those living adjacent to it as well 

as any group that regularly visits the forest. 

Instructions to users 

Identification of HCV6 is dependent on consultation with communities and other stakeholders. 

Consultations need to define cultural identity and then determine whether the forest area is 

critical to this. 

The difference between having some significance to cultural identity and being critical will 

often be difficult to depict and as with meeting basic needs, the way in which it is established 

will be highly variable. 

Ultimately, only consultation with the communities in question will resolve the question of 

whether any given forest is critical to their cultural identity. 

Some groups may not be available for consultation, either because of access, or because they 

refuse contacts with outsiders. If there is clear evidence that the local communities may 

consider the forest to be of cultural significance, but where consultation is not possible, then 

the precautionary approach implies that it must be assumed to be a HCV. 

Question 

6.1: Are there communities living in 

or near the forest area? 

6.2: Do the communities use the 

forest for their cultural identity? 

6.3: Is the area critical to cultural 

identity of the communities? 


Yes Go to 6.2. Guidance on this can be found 

from maps, local knowledge, reports of local 

authorities, Government statistics, NGOs, 

Committee for Ethnic Minorities, Vietnamese 

Academy of Social Sciences, etc. 

No This value is not present. 

Yes Go to 6.3. See below for cultural characters. 

A list of some cultural traits and thresholds is 

provided in Table 4. 

No This value is not present. 

Yes The forest area containing these resources is 

HCVF. 


Possible cultural characters include object and non-object cultural values. 

Object cultural values: 

• Historically and spiritually important sites and/or objects in the forest (i.e. temple, 

graveyard / cemetery, archaeology marks, ancient trees, sacred hill/mountain, etc.); 

• Constructions (house, community house), furniture, traditional costume that are made 

of materials collected from the forest. 

Non-object cultural values: 

• Cultural / religious events / celebrations in the forest; 

• Cultural activities using forest resources; 

19

• Non-object values related to forests: poems, songs, legends, dances, customary law, etc; 

• Indigenous knowledge of forest plants and animals. 

Table 4. Possible cultural traits and thresholds 

Cultural trait 

Critical forest may include areas: 

- Well established and agreed community protected forest areas; 

- Pristine/virgin forest areas where no viable alternative pristine areas 

exist; 

- Specific areas considered sacred or perceived to have spiritual / 

supernatural connections, such as altars or protected graveyards; 

- Specific areas that have historically been actively governed and 

regulated; 

- Specific areas with remnants from the past linked to the identity of 

an ethnic group, such as statues, megaliths, temples, graveyards, etc. 

Non-critical forest areas may include: 

- Recently established (≤ 2 generations or 15 years) protected and 

sacred areas; 

- Forest areas used by recently established villages (≤ 2 generations) 

or communities those frequently move following exhaustion of 

agricultural land. 

Threshold 

If forest areas are determined 

to be critical to a 

community’s culture and 

when changes to a specific 

forest can cause irreversible 

change to culture, then the 

forest area will be designated 

as HCVF. 

When forests are culturally 

important to local 

communities, but particular 

forest areas are determined 

to be non-critical, the forest 

area will not be considered 

as an HCVF. 

MANAGEMENT OF HCVF IN VIET NAM 

The identification of High Conservation Value Forest is only the first stage of the process. The 

management of HCVF is far more important. However, going into great detail about suitable 

management strategies is beyond the scope of this toolkit as this is a large and potentially 

complex topic. Some information and guidance is given below on the stages users should go 

through to develop and implement appropriate management of HCVF in Viet Nam. 

Some more detailed guidance is contained in Part 3 of the ProForest Toolkit (2003) and 

national toolkits of Indonesia, Laos PDR, Papua New Guinea, Ghana and Mozambique which 

contain some information relevant to Viet Nam. 

The most important factor when designing management strategies for HCVF is that they must 

enhance or maintain the value. Therefore, it is of vital importance to understand the nature of 

the values present, what their current condition is, what threats (actual/potential) their may be, 

and to design management regimes that address these issues. Users must always be referring 

back to the value when thinking of management. For example, if the value is HCV 4 and an 

area is an important water catchment, management must simply maintain or enhance the 

watershed. 

There are some general stages that should be followed in the development of any HCVF 

management plan: 

Identification of the HCV 

Assessment of the current state of the HCV 

Assessment of threats to the HCV 

Design management strategies for the HCV 

Integration of HCV management into overall management plans 

20

Training 

1. Identification of the HCV 

This stage may include a number of steps, as follows: 

i) Identification of those HCVs that are present in the area using the methods for HCV 1 – 

6 (already introduced above); 

ii) Documentation of all detailed information relevant to each identified HCV; 

iii) Development of the area’s HCVF map using as much as possible GPS/GIS techniques 

(see Annex H: HCVF map of Ha Nung SFE). 

For each of the values, example of the sort if information needed includes: 

• HCV1: which species are present that constitute the concentration of biodiversity? 

Where do they live? 

• HCV2: How large is the forest area? How long is the boundary? Map the landscape 

level forest. 

• HCV3: What rare ecosystems are present? Where are they? 

• HCV4: Where are critical watersheds? How many people depend on them? 

• HCV5: Which resources are collected? From where? By whom? 

• HCV6: What cultural links exist? For Whom? Cultural areas. 

2. Assessment of the current state of the HCV 

This stage helps to understand what the condition of the value is and may include: 

i) Legal documents currently prevailing in Viet Nam and international conventions 

committed by Viet Nam relevant to management and conservation of HCVs; 

ii) Current status and change in forest resources related to the identified HCVs; 

iii) Recent forest management/use activities and their impacts on the identified HCVs. 

Examples of information needed for assessment of HCV status may include: 

• HCV1 : Species loss, population change 

• HCV2 : Forest loss, fragmentation 

• HCV3 : Forest loss, change in forest structure 

• HCV4 : Increased sediment load, more frequent droughts 

• HCV5 : Reduced yield of an NTFP 

• HCV6: Loss of a socially/spiritually important site. 

Once knowing what is happening to a value, it is easier to develop steps to address this 

degradation. 

3. Assessment of threats to the HCV 

The stage is to identify why this is happening and what is causing the change in or degradation 

of HCVs. Generally speaking, almost all threats are always anthropogenic. The threats may be 

actual (current) or potential (future), direct or indirect. Identification of current and future 

threats helps to develop appropriate strategies for management of HCVs. 

21

Examples of threats to HCVs include: 

• HCV1: Hunting for food or trade. 

• HCV2 : Road building 

• HCV3: Clearance for agriculture. 

• HCV4 : Clearance of agriculture, mining 

• HCV5: Logging damage. 

• HCV6: Out-migration. 

4. Design management strategies for the HCV 

The next stage is to draw up a detailed management plan. This plan should outline the 

measures needed to be taken and how they should be implemented. 

Where possible, management strategies should be based on previously known and tested 

systems and hence creation of new and different strategies is not necessary. There are many 

well known strategies that may be applicable to the values and situations in question. 

In general there are 3 main types of management options: 

• Protection of the area, through reserves, buffer zones, marking boundaries and control 

of activities that degrade the HCV (e.g. hunting of rare species). Ecological or social 

values can be maintained by protecting the areas where they are found, from 

disturbance, or stopping collection. 

• Management modification: Any threats to the HCVs which will be posed by 

operations or other activities in the forest will need to be identified and documented. 

This analysis should include all potential effects, both direct (e.g. harvesting operations 

or use of chemicals) and indirect (e.g. increased hunting as a result of better access 

along logging roads). Examples of modified management regimes might include 

implementation of particular sustainable cutting cycles or reduced impact harvesting 

techniques. 

• Restoration is an important activity that is needed in certain areas to restore ecological 

and/or cultural traits of the forest to previous conditions. 

In many cases a single strategy may help abate many threats, and work to maintain many 

values. Where possible management strategies should be developed that cover multiple values. 

On the other hand, maintenance of a value may require a combination of strategies with 

elements of protection, management modification, and restoration. 

5. Integration of HCV management into overall management planning 

For the successful implementation of management systems, the management plan for the 

identified HCVs needs to be integrated with existing plans so that any clashes of management 

strategies would be resolved. The management of HCVF needs to become an integral part of 

general management of the area. 

For those SFEs that are implementing FSC requirements, descriptions of each HCV, and the 

management activities proposed to maintain or enhance them, should be included in the public 

forest management plan. 

22

6. Training 

In order to facilitate the effective implementation of new management strategies, staff and 

stakeholders may need to be trained and educated on HCVF. They need to know information 

such as: What values are present in the forest in question? Why they are important? and What 

the new management strategies are? 

Management and precautionary approach 

The precautionary approach has been incorporated into the methodology for identifying HCVs 

and should also form an important basis for any management regime and monitoring program. 

In Management of HCVs, the role of the precautionary principle can be interpreted as follows: 

• Where doubt exists as to whether any of the other management options are able to 

maintain or enhance the identified HCVs, then, consistent with the precautionary 

approach, protection will be the preferred option. 

• If one is not sure whether a particular activity might have a negative effect on a HCV, 

then one should assume that it will until sufficient information is collected to prove that 

it does not. 

An example illustrating the threats to HCVFs and some possible strategies is given in Table 5 

below. Similar tables could be included in HCVF management plans. 

23

Table 5. Example of threats and management strategies for HCVF in production forests 

Value State of Value Threats Goal Potential strategies 

HCV1 

Biodiversity 

concentration 


Landscape level 

forest 


Rare, threatened and 

endangered 

ecosystems 


Basic services 


Basic needs of 

communities 


Cultural identity 

• Loss of species 

• Smaller populations 

• Hunting 

• Destructive fishing 

• Road construction 

• Felling and 

skidding 

• Fragmentation • Clearance 

• Roads 

• Change in stand 

structure. 

• Deforestation 

• Drought in dry 

season 

• Less food 

• Fewer medicinal 

plants 

• Young people not 

interested in 

traditional culture. 

• Clearance 

• Mining 

• Logging activities 

• Road building 

• Opening of 

farmland 

• Over-exploitation 

• Deforestation 

• Logging damage. 

• In migration 

• Commercial 

activities 

• Conserve populations of 

rare, threatened, 

endangered and endemic 

species. 

• Conserve overall high 

levels of biodiversity 

• Conserve large scale 

blocks of lowland 

• Maintain connectivity of 

forest block with other 

large forest blocks 

• Conserve lowland 

evergreen forest. 

• Conserve montane forest. 

• Maintain watershed 

protection values of key 

the river catchments. 

• Sustainable supply of 

basic needs: protein, 

medicine, fruits, fuel. 

• Sustainable supply of 

monetary income. 

• Maintenance of cultural 

values. 

• Enforcing the ban on all hunting by staff. 

• Environmental awareness to encourage local communities 

not to hunt protected species 

• Further improvement of RIL techniques. 

• Special management areas, e.g. with no thinning or other 

intensive silviculture. 

• Representative conservation zones including examples of all 

ecosystems. 

• Well designed conservation zones bordering the protection 

areas. 

• Working with partners to produce a landscape level 

management plan for the landscape. A plan that ensures the 

maintenance of natural forest cover. 

• Further improvement of RIL techniques and skyline use to 

minimize environmental impact. 

• Special management areas, e.g. with no thinning or other 

intensive silviculture. 

• Representative conservation zones including examples of all 

ecosystems. 

• Further improvement of RIL techniques 

• Well designed conservation zones bordering the protection 

forest areas. 

• Continuation of village consultations 

• Participatory mapping of natural resource use by local 

communities. 

• Participatory establishment of village resource use zones 

and regulations. 

• Conflict resolution. 

• Continuation of village consultations 

• Participatory mapping of natural resource use by local 

communities. 

• Participatory establishment of village resource use zones 

and regulations. 

24

MONITORING OF HCVF IN VIET NAM 

Monitoring of HCVF is another vital activity undertaken by forest managers and relevant 

stakeholders. As with management, however, it is not within the scope of this toolkit to give 

exhaustive guidelines on monitoring of HCVF. Part 3 of the ProForest toolkit (2003) provides 

some generic guidance on monitoring as well as specific requirements for each of the HCVs. 7 

The link between management and monitoring is made very clearly by the FSC requirements 

for HCVF in Principle 9, (Criterion 9.4), as follows: 

Annual monitoring shall be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the measures employed to 

maintain or enhance the applicable conservation attributes. 

FSC Criterion 9.4 

Hence monitoring each HCV will need to be implemented to ensure that it is being maintained 

or enhanced. As a part of this, routine monitoring of the planned measures and operations 

should be carried out to ensure they are being done properly. Both types of monitoring are 

needed for HCVFs. 

Monitoring of HCVs will mostly be concerned with monitoring activities carried out within the 

FMU. However some of monitoring activities may also take place outside the FMU as 

externally occurring events may cause effect to the identified HCV (e.g. changes to the 

conservation status of ecosystem types, provision of alternative drinking water sources to local 

communities). Other stakeholders, such as land-use planners, may need to monitor HCVs at a 

landscape scale. 

The results of monitoring HCVs can usually be used to alter their management strategies. 

Several examples below are employed to illustrate: 

• Satellite imagery shows that areas surrounding and within the forest area are being 

cleared. The stakeholders may have to alter its relationship with neighboring land users. 

• Permanent plot data compared with harvesting information shows that regeneration is 

slower than acceptable limits in areas where harvesting intensity is greater than X 

stems/ha. In order to ensure forest regeneration all harvesting should be at an intensity 

less than X 

• Wildlife transects in a corridor indicate that it is not being used by large mammals. A 

new corridor may need to be created in a different location. 

• When suspended sediment in rivers is compared with road density it is shown that 

above a certain density of roads sediment loads are too high. Careful road planning 

must be done to reduce the road and skid trail density. 

• Community monitoring of a non-timber forest resource shows a drastic decrease in 

quantity. Stakeholders and local villagers need to decide why the resource is decreasing 

and how to change the resource gathering strategy or forest management. 

Monitoring and precautionary approach 

The monitoring plan (contained in the management plan) must test the assumptions upon 

7 See Section 5. Monitoring HCVs in Part 3 of the ProForest Toolkit 2003. 

25

which management decisions rest, as well as the state of the HCVF attributes, and must be sitespecific. 

When an assumption is not supported in the course of monitoring, the precautionary 

approach requires a system of adaptive management that halts or alters actions related to those 

assumptions until a full evaluation is made. 

Monitoring by certification bodies should include all aspects of the management plan, 

including the quality and responsiveness of the monitoring plan as well as the quality of the 

“adaptive management” (FSC 2001) 

26

REFERENCES 

Forest Stewardship Council (2001). Principle 9 Advisory Panel Recommendation Report, 

Version 1.1. FSC, Oaxaca, Mexico. 

Forest Stewardship Council (2004). FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship. 

Forest Stewardship Council, Berlin, Germany. 

Nguyen Nghia Bien, Le Thien Duc and Ho Van Cu (2006). High Conservation Value Forest 

Assessment for A Vuong Protection Forest Management Board, WWF Greater 

Mekong Programme, Hanoi. 

Nguyen Nghia Bien, Le Thien Duc and Ho Van Cu (2006). High Conservation Value Forest 

Assessment for Song Kon Protection Forest Management Board, WWF Greater 

Mekong Programme, Hanoi. 

Olsen D. M. and E. Dinerstein (1998). The Global 200: a representation approach to 

conserving the Earth’s most biologically valuable ecoregions. Conservation 

Biology 12 pp 502-515. 

Papua New Guinea Forest Stewardship Council Incorporated (2006). High Conservation 

Value Forest Toolkit for PNG, Boroko, Papua New Guinea. 

Pollard, E. (2005). Toolkit for the Identification of High Conservation Value Forest in Viet 

Nam, WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Hanoi. 

Pollard, E. and colleagues (2005). Preliminary High Conservation Value Forest Assessment 

for Ha Nung State Forest Enterprise, WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Hanoi. 

Pollard, E. and colleagues (2005). Preliminary High Conservation Value Forest Assessment 

for So Pai State Forest Enterprise, WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Hanoi. 

ProForest (2003). The High Conservation Value Forest Toolkit (edn.1). Part 1: Introduction. 

ProForest, Oxford. 

ProForest (2003). The High Conservation Value Forest Toolkit (edn.1). Part 2: Defining High 

Conservation Values at a national level: a practical guide. ProForest, Oxford. 

ProForest (2003). The High Conservation Value Forest Toolkit (edn.1). Part 3: Identifying 

and managing High Conservation Values Forests: a guide for forest managers. 


ProForest (2003). The High Conservation Value Toolkit. Vol. 1 & 2. ProForest, Oxford. 

ProForest (2004a). HCVF for conservation practitioners. ProForest, Oxford. 

ProForest (2004b). A Sourcebook for Landscape analysis of High Conservation Value Forest. 


ProForest (2007). Use of the HCV framework in Mozambique: A summary of workshop 

Outputs. ProForest, Oxford. 

Rainforest Alliance and ProForest (2003). Identifying, Managing, and Monitoring High 

Conservation Value Forests in Indonesia: A Toolkit for Forest Managers and other 

Stakeholders, SmartWood, Jakarta, Indonesia. 

Schmid, M. (1989) Vietnam, Kampuchea and Laos. Pp 83-90 in D. G. Campbell and 

Hammond, H. D. eds. Floristic inventory of tropical countries. New York: The New 

York Botanical Garden, WWF-WARPO (2006). An Interpretation of Global HCVF 

Toolkit for use in Ghana, WWF-WARPO, Accra. 

A-27

ANNEXES 

Annex A. People involved in drafting Viet Nam HCVF Toolkit 

No Name Institution E-mail 

1 Nguyen Nghia Bien MARD Department of Planning bienforest@gmail.com 

2 Ho Van Cu TFT h.vancu@tropicalforesttrust.com 

3 Pham Van Dien FUV vdien100@mail.ru 

4 Le Thien Duc WWF – VN duc@wwfvn.org.vn 

5 Nguyen Huu Dung MARD Forest PD parc@hn.vnn.vn 

6 Vu Van Dung FIPI 

7 Nguyen Quoc Dung FIPI dungfipi@gmail.com 

8 Edward Pollard HCVF Consultant e_h_b_pollard@yahoo.co.uk 

9 Nguyen Bich Hang WWF – VN HangB@wwfvn.org.vn 

10 Phung Van Khoa FUV 

11 Maurits Servaas NTFP Project mauritsservaas@yahoo.com 

12 Nguyen Van San IEBR vansan@hn.vnn.vn 

13 Sumiko Morino TFT s.morino@tropicalforesttrust.com 

14 Nguyen Lam Thanh Ethnic Committee lamthanh@hn.vnn.vn 

15 Dinh Trong Thu Institute of Sociology dinhtrongthu2003@yahoo.com 

16 Pham Quoc Tuan GTZ (REFAS) tuan@mard-refas.org.vn 

17 Le Cong Uan WWF – VN Uan@wwfvn.org.vn 

18 Mai Ky Vinh WWF Vinh@wwfvn.org.vn 

Other participants 

No Name Institution 

1 Tim Dawson Viet Nam Forest Sector Support Program 

2 Fergus MacDonald WWF - VN 

3 Barney Long WWF – VN 

4 Chris Dickinson WWF – VN 

5 Benjamin Hodgeson WWF – Laos 

6 Ramesh Boonratana Independent consultant 

7 Marc Hiller Yale FES 

8 James Jarvie Independent consultant 

9 Andrew Tordoff BirdLife International – Indochina programme 

A-28

Annex B. List of precious, rare, endangered forest flora and fauna species 

__________ 

(Regarding Decree 32/2006/Nð-CP dated 30 March 2006) 

GROUP I: Forest flora and fauna species strictly banned on commercial harvest and 

use 

IA. Forest flora species 

No Vietnamese name Scientific name 

NGÀNH THÔNG 

PINOPHYTA 

1 Hoàng ñàn Cupressus torulosa 

2 Bách ðài Loan Taiwania cryptomerioides 

3 Bách vàng Xanthocyparis vietnamensis 

4 Vân Sam Phan xi păng Abies delavayi fansipanensis 

5 Thông Pà cò Pinus kwangtungensis 

6 Thông ñỏ nam Taxus wallichiana (T. baccata wallichiana) 

7 Thông nước (Thuỷ tùng) Glyptostrobus pensilis 

NGÀNH MỘC LAN 

MAGNOLIOPHYTA 

Lớp mộc lan 

Magnoliopsida 

8 Hoàng liên gai (Hoàng mù) Berberis julianae 

9 Hoàng mộc (Nghêu hoa) Berberis wallichiana 

10 Mun sọc (Thị bong) Diospyros salletii 

11 Sưa (Huê mộc vàng) Dalbergia tonkinensis 

12 Hoàng liên Trung Quốc Coptis chinensis 

13 Hoàng liên chân gà Coptis quinquesecta 

Lớp hành 

Liliopsida 

14 Các loài Lan kim tuyến Anoectochilus spp. 

15 Các loài Lan hài Paphiopedilum spp. 

I B. Forest fauna species 


LỚP THÚ 

MAMMALIA 

Bộ cánh da 

Dermoptera 

1 Chồn bay (Cầy bay) Cynocephalus variegatus 

Bộ khỉ hầu 

Primates 

2 Cu li lớn Nycticebus bengalensis (N. coucang) 

3 Cu li nhỏ Nycticebus pygmaeus 

4 Voọc chà vá chân xám Pygathrix cinerea 

5 Voọc chà vá chân ñỏ Pygathrix nemaeus 

6 Voọc chà vá chân ñen Pygathrix nigripes 

7 Voọc mũi hếch Rhinopithecus avunculus 

8 Voọc xám Trachypithecus barbei (T. phayrei) 

9 Voọc mông trắng Trachypithecus delacouri 

10 Voọc ñen má trắng Trachypithecus francoisi 

11 Voọc ñen Hà Tĩnh Trachypithecus hatinhensis 

12 Voọc Cát Bà (Voọc ñen ñầu vàng) Trachypithecus poliocephalus 

13 Voọc bạc ðông Dương Trachypithecus villosus (T. cristatus) 

14 Vườn ñen tuyền tây bắc Nomascus (Hylobates) concolor 

15 Vượn ñen má hung Nomascus (Hylobates) gabriellae 

16 Vượn ñen má trắng Nomascus (Hylobates) leucogenys 

A-29


17 Vượn ñen tuyền ñông bắc Nomascus (Hylobates) nasutus 

Bộ thú ăn thịt 

Carnivora 

18 Sói ñỏ (Chó sói lửa) Cuon alpinus 

19 Gấu chó Ursus (Helarctos) malayanus 

20 Gấu ngựa Ursus (Selenarctos) thibetanus 

21 Rái cá thường Lutra lutra 

22 Rái cá lông mũi Lutra sumatrana 

23 Rái cá lông mượt Lutrogale (Lutra) perspicillata 

24 Rái cá vuốt bé Amblonyx (Aonyx) cinereus (A. cinerea) 

25 Chồn mực (Cầy ñen) Arctictis binturong 

26 Beo lửa (Beo vàng) Catopuma (Felis) temminckii 

27 Mèo ri Felis chaus 

28 Mèo gấm Pardofelis (Felis) marmorata 

29 Mèo rừng Prionailurus (Felis) bengalensis 

30 Mèo cá Prionailurus (Felis) viverrina 

31 Báo gấm Neofelis nebulosa 

32 Báo hoa mai Panthera pardus 

33 Hổ Panthera tigris 

Bộ có vòi 

Proboscidea 

34 Voi Elephas maximus 

Bộ móng guốc ngón lẻ 

Perissodactyla 

35 Tê giác một sừng Rhinoceros sondaicus 

Bộ móng guốc ngón chẵn 

Artiodactyla 

36 Hươu vàng Axis (Cervus) porcinus 

37 Nai cà tong Cervus eldii 

38 Mang lớn Megamuntiacus vuquangensis 

39 Mang Trường Sơn Muntiacus truongsonensis 

40 Hươu xạ Moschus berezovskii 

41 Bò tót Bos gaurus 

42 Bò rừng Bos javanicus 

43 Bò xám Bos sauveli 

44 Trâu rừng Bubalus arnee 

45 Sơn dương Naemorhedus (Capricornis) sumatraensis 

46 Sao la Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 

Bộ thỏ rừng 

Lagomorpha 

47 Thỏ vằn Nesolagus timinsi 

LỚP CHIM 

AVES 

Bộ bồ nông 

Pelecaniformess 

48 Gìa ñẫy nhỏ Leptoptilos javanicus 

49 Quắm cánh xanh Pseudibis davisoni 

50 Cò thìa Platalea minor 

Bộ sếu 

Gruiformes 

51 Sếu ñầu ñỏ (Sếu cổ trụi) Grus antigone 

Bộ gà 

Galiformes 

52 Gà tiền mặt vàng Polyplectron bicalcaratum 

53 Gà tiền mặt ñỏ Polyplectron germaini 

54 Trĩ sao Rheinardia ocellata 

55 Công Pavo muticus 

56 Gà lôi hồng tía Lophura diardi 

57 Gà lôi mào trắng Lophura edwardsi 

58 Gà lôi Hà Tĩnh Lophura hatinhensis 

59 Gà lôi mào ñen Lophura imperialis 

60 Gà lôi trắng Lophura nycthemera 

A-30


LỚP BÒ SÁT 

REPTILIA 

Bộ có vẩy 

Squamata 

61 Hổ mang chúa Ophiophagus hannah 

Bộ rùa 

Testudinata 

62 Rùa hộp ba vạch Cuora trifasciata 

A-31

Annex C. List of forest fauna species and their taxonomy in Viet Nam Red List 

(IUCN based standards) 

No Scientific name Vietnamese name Taxonomy degree 

I. Mammal 

1. Dermoptera 1. Bộ Cánh da 

Cynocephalidae Họ Chồn dơi 

1 Cynocephalus variegatus 

(Audebert,1799) 

2. Chiroptera 2. Bộ Dơi 

Chồn dơi (Chồn 

bay) 

EN A1cC1 

Pteropdidae Họ Dơi quả 

2 Cynopterus brachyotis (Muller, 1838) Dơi chó tai ngắn VU A1c,d B2a,e 

Rhinolophidae Họ Dơi lá mũi 

Dơi lá quạt VU D1 

3 Rhinolophus paradoxolophus (Bourret, 

1951) 

4 Rhinolophus thomasi (Andersen, 1905) Dơi lá toma VU B2a 

Vespertilionidae Họ Dơi muỗi 

5 Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 

1840) 

Dơi mũi ống cánh 

lông 

VU A1cD1 

6 Ia io (Thomas, 1902) Dơi iô VU A1c,d B2b,c,e 

7 Myotis ricketti (Thomas, 1894) Dơi muỗi chân lớn DD 

8 Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855) Dơi tai sọ cao LR nt 

3. Primates Bộ Linh trưởng 

Loricidae Họ Culi 

9 Nycticebus bengalensis (Lacepede, 

1800) 

Culi lớn VU A1c,d 

10 Nycticebus pygmaeus Bonhote, 1907 Culi nhỏ VU A1c,d 

Cercopithecidae Họ Khỉ 

11 Macaca arctoides (Geoffroy, 1831) Khỉ mặt ñỏ VU A1c,d B1+2b,c 

12 Macaca assamensis M'clelland, 1839 Khỉ mốc VU A1c,d 

13 Macaca fascicularis (Rafles, 1821) Khỉ ñuôi dài LR nt 

14 Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann, 1780) Khỉ vàng LR nt 

15 Macaca leonina (Blyth,1863) Khỉ ñuôi lợn VU A1 c,d 

16 Pygathrix nemaeus cinerea ( Nadler, 

1997) 

17 Pygathrix nemaeus nemaeus (Linnaeus, 

1771) 

18 Pygathrix nemaeus nigripes (Milne- 

Edwards, 1871) 

Chà vá chân xám CR A1c B2b D 

Chà vá chân nâu EN A1a,c,d B2b 

Chà vá chân ñen EN A1a,c,d B2b 


19 Rhinopithecus avunculus Dollman, 1912 Voọc mũi hếch CR B a,b,c C1 

20 Trachypithecus villosus 

(Schelegel,1876) 

21 Trachypithecus delacouri (Osgood, 

1932) 

22 Trachypithecus francoisi (Poursargues, 

1898) 

Voọc bạc VU A1c,d 

Voọc mông trắng CR A1c,d C1+2a 

Voọc ñen má trắng EN A1 c,d C2a 

23 Trachypithecus hatinhensis Dao, 1970 Voọc gáy trắng EN A1c,d 

24 Trachypithecus francoisi poliocephalus 

(Trouessart, 1911) 

25 Trachypithecus barbei (Anderson, 

1879) 

Voọc ñầu trắng CR A1c,d C1+2b 

Voọc xám VU A1c,d 

Hylobatidae Họ Vượn 

26 Nomascus concolor (Harlan, 1826) Vượn ñen EN A1c, d C2a 

27 Nomascus gabriellae Thomas, 1909 Vượn ñen má vàng EN A1c, d C2a 

28 Nomascus leucogenys leucogenys Vượn ñen má trắng EN A1c, d C2a 

(Ogiby, 1840) 

29 Nomascus leucogenys siki (Delacour, 

1951) 

Vượn ñen má hung EN A1c,d C2a 

4. Carnivora 4. Bộ Ăn thịt 

Canidae Họ Chó 

30 Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 Chó rừng DD 

31 Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1811) Sói ñỏ EN A1c,d C1+2a 

32 Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) Cáo lửa DD 

Ursidae Họ Gấu 

33 Ursus malayanus (Raffles, 1821) Gấu chó EN A1c,d C1 + 2a 

34 Ursus thibetanus (G. Cuvier, 1823) Gấu ngựa EN A1c,d C1 +2a 

Mustelidae Họ Chồn 

35 Aonyx cinerea (Illiger, 1815) Rái cá vuốt bé VU A1c,d C1 + 2a 

36 Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) Rái cá thường VU A1c,d C1 + 2a 

37 Lutrogale perspicillata (Geoffroy, St. 

Hilaire 1826) 

Rái cá lông mượt EN A1c, d C1 

38 Lutra sumatrana (Gray, 1865) Rái cá lông mũi EN A1c, d C1 

Viverridae Họ Cầy 

39 Arctictis binturong ( Raffles, 1821) Cầy mực EN A1c, d C1 

32


40 Arctogalidia strivirgata (Gray, 1832) Cầy tai trắng LR nt 

41 Cynogale lowei Pocock, 1933 Cầy rái cá EX 

42 Hemigalus owstoni Thomas, 1912 Cầy vằn bắc VU A1 c, d C1 

43 Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray, 1837) Cầy vằn nam DD 

44 Prionodon pardicolor Hodgson, 1842 Cầy gấm VU A1 c, d 

45 Viverra megaspila Blyth, 1862 Cầy giông sọc VU A1c,d C1 

46 Viverra tainguensis Socolov, 

Rozhenov, Pham Trong Anh, 1997 

Cầy giông tây 

nguyên 

VU A1c, d 

Felidae Họ Mèo 

47 Catopuma temmincki (Vigorr et Báo lửa EN A1c, d C1 +2a 

Horsfield, 1827) 

48 Felis chaus Guldenstaedt, 1776 Mèo ri DD 

49 Prionailurus viverrina (Bennett 1833) Mèo cá EN A1c, d C1 +2a 

50 Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Báo hoa mai CR A1d C1 +2a 

51 Panthera tigris corbetti Mazak, 1968. Hổ ñông dương CR A1d C1 +2a 

52 Pardofelis marmorata (Martin, 1817) Mèo gấm VU A1c,d C1 

53 Pardofelis nebulosa (Griffith, 1821) Báo gấm EN A1c,d C1 +2a 

5. Proboscidea 5. Bộ Có vòi 

Elephantidae Họ Voi 

54 Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 Voi CR A1cB1+2b, c, e 

C1 +2a 

6. Perissodatyla 6. Bộ Móng guốc 

ngón lẻ 

Tapiridae Họ Heo vòi 

55 Tapirus indicus Desmarest, 1829 Heo vòi EX 

Rhinocerotidae Họ Tê giác 

56 Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer, Tê giác hai sừng EX 

1819) 

57 Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822 Tê giác một sừng CR A1c B2a,b 

C1+2bD 

7. Artiodactyla 7. Bộ Móng guốc 

ngón chẵn 

Tragulidae Họ Cheo cheo 

58 Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck,1765) Cheo nam dương VU A1a, d C1 

59 Tragulus napu (Cuver, 1822) Cheo napu DD 

Cervidae Họ Hươu Nai 

60 Cervus eldi M’clelland, 1842 Nai cà tông EN A1c,d Ba,b,c 

C1+2a 

61 Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 Hươu sao EW 


62 Cervus porcinus Zimmermann, 1777 Hươu vàng EN A1c,d B2a,b,e 

63 Cervus unicolor Keer, 1792 Nai VU A1c, d 

B1+2a,b 

64 Megamuntiacus vuquangensis Do Tuoc, 

Vu Van Dung, Shantini Dawson, Peter 

Arctander et John Mackinnon, 1994. 

Mang lớn VU A1c,d C1 

65 Moschus berezovski Flerob, 1929 Hươu xạ CR A1d + 2d 

66 Muntiacus muntjak annamensis Kloss, Hoẵng nam bộ VU A1c,d C1 

1928 

67 Muntiacus truongsonensis Pham Mong 

Giao, Do Tuoc, Vu Van Dung, E.D. 

Wikramanayake, G. Amato, P.A. 

Arctander et J. R. Mackinnon, 1998 

Mang trường sơn DD 

Bovidae Họ Trâu bò 

68 Bos gaurus Smith, 1827 Bò tót EN A1c,d B1+ 

2aC1+2a 

69 Bos javanicus S’Alton, 1823 Bò rừng EN A1c, d B2a 

70 Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 Bò xám EX 

71 Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Trâu rừng CR B2a,b C1+2a 

72 Capricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein, 

1799) 

73 Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Vu Van Dung, 

Peter Arctander, John Mackinnon, Do 

Tuoc, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Pham Mong 

Giao, 1993 

Sơn dương EN A1c,d 

B1+2a,b C2a 

Sao la EN A1c,d 

B1+2a,b C1+2a 

8. Pholidota 8. Bộ Tê tê 

Manidae Họ Tê tê 

74 Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822 Tê tê gia va EN A1c,d C1+2a 

75 Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758 Tê tê vàng EN A1c,d C1+2a 

9. Rodentia 9. Bộ Gậm nhấm 

Pteromyidae Họ Sóc bay 

76 Belomys pearsoni (Gray, 1842) Sóc bay lông tai CR A1 +2c, d 

C1+2a 

77 Hylopetes alboniger (Hodgson, 1836) Sóc bay ñen trắng VU A1cB1+2b,c 

78 Hylopetes lepidus (Horsfield, 1822) Sóc bay côn ñảo VU D1 

79 Hylopetes phayrei Blyth, 1859 Sóc bay nhỏ VU A1c B2b,c 

80 Petaurista elegans (Muller,1839) Sóc bay sao EN A1cB1+2aC2a 

81 Petaurista petaurista (Pallas, 1766) Sóc bay trâu VU A1c 

Sciuridae Họ Sóc cây 

33


82 Callosciurus finlaysoni (Horsfield,1823) Sóc ñỏ LR nt 

83 Ratufa bicolor (Sparrmann, 1778) Sóc ñen VU A1a,c,d. 

10. Lagomorpha 10. Bộ Thỏ 

Leporidae Họ Thỏ rừng 

84 Lepus sinensis Gray, 1832. Thỏ rừng trung hoa EN A1c, d 

B2a,b,c +3a,b, c, d 

85 Nesolagus timinsi Averianov, Thỏ vằn EN B1a +2aD 

Abramov, Tikhonov, 2000 

11. Cetacea 11. Bộ Cá voi 

Delphinidae Họ Cá heo 

86 Lagenodelphis hosei Fraer, 1956 Cá heo bụng trắng VU C1 

87 Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846) Cá ông chuông DD 

88 Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765) Cá heo trắng trung EN A1c C2a 

hoa 

89 Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) Cá heo mõm dài VU A1cD1 

12. Sirenia 12. Bộ Hải ngưu 

Dugongidae Họ Cá cúi 

90 Dugong dugon (Muller, 1776) Bò biển CR A1c,d D 

II. Chim 

1. Pelecaniformes 1. Bộ Bồ nông 

Pelecanidae Họ Bồ nông 

91 Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, 1789. Bồ nông chân xám EN A1c,d B 2 b, 

c, e + 3 b, d 

Phalacrocoracidae Họ Cốc 

92 Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Cốc ñế EN A1c,d B 

(Linnaeus, 1758) 

2b+3b 

Anhingidae Họ Cổ rắn 

93 Anhinga melanogaster Pennant, 1769. Cổ rắn VU A1c,d B1+3c 

2. Ciconiiformes 2. Bộ Hạc 

Ardeidae Họ Diệc 

94 Egretta eulophotes Swinhoe,1860 Cò trắng trung quốc VU A1c,e B 2 c,d 

+ 3 a D2 

95 Gorsachius magnificus (Olilvie-Grant, 

1899) 

Vạc hoa CR A1a,c C2a D 

Ciconiidae Họ Vạc 

96 Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert, 1783) Cò nhạn VU A1a,c,d,e C2a 

97 Ciconia episcopus (Boddaert,1783) Hạc cổ trắng VU A1c,e C2a 

98 Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (Latham, 1790) 

Hạc cổ ñen DD 


99 Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin,1789) Già ñẫy lớn DD 

100 Leptoptilos javanicus (Horsfield, 1821) Già ñẫy nhỏ VU A1c,e B 2a 

+3b C 2 a 

101 Mycteria cinerea (Raffles, 1922) Cò lạo xám DD 

102 Mycteria leucocephala Pennant, 1769. Cò lạo ấn ñộ VU A1c B1+2d 

Threskiornithidae Họ Cò quăm 

103 Platalea minor Temmincki & Schlegel, 

1849 

Cò mỏ thìa EN A1 a, c D 

104 Pseudibis davisoni (Hume, 1875) Quắm cánh xanh CR A1a,c,d C2a D 

105 Pseudibis gigantea (Oustalet, 1877) Quắm lớn DD 

106 Threskiornis melanocephalus (Latham, 

1790) 

Cò quăm ñẫu ñen VU A1c,e B1+ 2b 

3. Anseriformes 3. Bộ Ngỗng 

Anatidae Họ Vịt 

107 Aythya baeri (Radde,1863) Vịt ñầu ñen DD 

108 Cairina scutulata (Muller, 1842) Ngan cánh trắng CR A1a,c,d 

109 Mergus squamatus Gould, 1864 Vịt mỏ nhọn DD 

110 Nettapus coromandelianus (Gmelin, 

1789) 

Le khoang cổ EN C2a D 

111 Sarkidiornis melanotos (Pennant, 1769) Vịt mồng LR nt 

4. Falconiformes 4. Bộ Cắt 

Accipitridae Họ Ưng 

112 Aegypius monachus (Linnaeus, 1766) ðại bàng ñầu trọc LR nt 

113 Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811 ðại bàng ñen EN C2a D 

114 Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809 ðại bàng ñầu nâu CR C2aD 

115 Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788) Kền kền ben gan CR A1a,c,d C2a D 

116 Gyps tenuirostris Gray, 1844 Kền kền mỏ nhỏ DD 

117 Ichthyophaga humilis (Muller et 

Schlegel, 1841) 

118 Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Horsfield, 

1821) 

Diều cá bé VU B2a C1 

Diều cá lớn VU B2a C1 

Falconidae Họ Cắt 

119 Polihierax insignis Walden, 1872. Cắt nhỏ hông trắng LR nt 

5. Galliformes 5. Bộ Gà 

Phasianidae Họ Trĩ 

120 Arborophila charltoni (Eyton,1845) Gà so ngực gụ LR cd 

121 Arborophila davidi Delacour,1927 Gà so cổ hung EN B1 +2b, c,d,e 

C1+2a 

122 Lophura diardi (Bonaparte, 1856) Gà lôi hông tía VU A1a,c C2a 

34


123 Lophura edwardsi (Oustalet, 1896) Gà lôi lam mào EN B1+ 2b,c,d,e 

124 Lophura hatinhensis Vo Quy, ðo Ngoc 

Quang, 1975 

125 Lophura imperialis (Delacour et 

Jabouille, 1924) 

trắng 

Gà lôi lam ñuôi 

trắng 

C1+2a 

EN B1 + 2b,c, d,e 

C1 + 2a 

Gà lôi lam mào ñen CR A1b,c,d B1+ 

2c,e C2a. 

126 Lophura nycthemera (Linnaeus, 1758) Gà lôi trắng LR cd 

127 Pavo muticus imperator Delacour, 1949 Công EN A1 a,c,d +3b,d 

128 Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758 Trĩ ñỏ EN B1 +2a,b,d 

C2a 

129 Polyplectron bicalcarratum (Linnaeus, 

1758) 

C2a 

Gà tiền mặt vàng VU A1a,c C2a 

130 Polyplectron germaini Elliot, 1866 Gà tiền mặt ñỏ VU A1a,c C2a 

131 Rheinartia ocellata (Elliot,1871) Trĩ sao VU A1b,c,d 

132 Tragopan temminckii (Gray,1831) Gà lôi tía CR A1a,c,d C2a 

6. Gruiformes 6. Bộ Sếu 

Gruidae Họ Sếu 

133 Grus antigone (Linnaeus, 1758) Sếu cổ trụi VU A1a,c,e B1 +3 

a,b,c,d D1 

Heliorthinidae Họ Chân bơi 

134 Heliopais personata (Gray, 1849). Chân bơi EN B1 C2a D 

Otidae Họ Ô tác 

135 Houbaropsis bengalensis Delacour, 

1928 

Ô tác CR A1aB1D 

7. Charadriiformes 7. Bộ Rẽ 

Scolopacidae 

136 Tringa guttifer (Nordmann, 1835) Choắt lớn mỏ vàng EN A1a,c,e B2b,c 

Laridae 

137 Larus relictus Lonnberg 1931 Mòng bể Relic DD 

138 Larus saudersi (Swinhoe, 1871) Mòng bể mỏ ngắn VU A1a D1 

8. Columbiformes 8. Bộ Bồ câu 

Columbidae Họ Bồ câu 

139 Coloenas nicobarica (Linnaeus, 1758) Bồ câu Nicoba DD 

140 Columba punicea Blyth, 1842 Bồ câu nâu EN A1a,c,d C2a 

9. Cuculiformes 9. Bộ Cu cu 

Cuculidae Họ Cu cu 

141 Carprococcyx renanldi Oustalet, 1896. Phướn ñất VU A1a,b,c C2a. 

10. Strigiformes 10. Bộ Cú 


Strigidae Họ Cú mèo 

142 Bubo nepalensis Hodgson, 1836 Dù dì nepan CR C2a 

Tytonidae Họ Cú lợn 

143 Tyto capensis (Smith, 1834) Cú lợn lưng nâu VU B1+ 2a,c,d D1 

11. Trogoniformes 11. Bộ Nuốc 

Trogonidae Họ Nuốc 

144 Harpactes wardi (Kinner,1927) Nuốc ñuôi hồng CR A1a,c,d C2a 

D. 

12. Coraciiformes 12. Bộ Sả 

Alcedinidae Họ Bói cá 

145 Magaceryle lugubris (Temminck, 

1834) 

Bói cá lớn VU A1a,c C2a 

Bucerotidae Họ Hồng hoàng 

146 Aceros nipalensis (Hodgson,1829) Niệc cổ hung CR C2a+2bD 

147 Aceros undulatus (Shaw,1811) Niệc mỏ vằn VU A1c,d D1. 

148 Anorrhinus tickelli (Blyth, 1855.) Niệc nâu VU A1c,d B2c,d,e 

149 Buceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758 Hồng hoàng VU A1,c,d C1 

13. Passeriformes 13. Bộ Sẻ 

Pittidae Họ ðuôi cụt 

150 Pitta nympha Temminck et Schlegel, 

1850. 

ðuôi cụt bụng ñỏ VU C1 

151 Pitta phayrei (Blyth, 1863). ðuôi cụt nâu LR cd 

Timaliidae Họ Khướu 

152 Actinodura sodangorum Eames J.C, Le 

Trong Trai , Nguyen Cu et Roland Eve, 

1999 

Khướu vằn ñầu ñen VU B1+2a,b,c, d,e 

C1 

153 Crocias langbianis Gyldentolpe, 1939 Mi lang bian EN B1+2a,b,c,d,e 

154 Garrulax merulinus Blyth, 1851 Khướu ngực ñốm LR nt 

155 Garrulax ngoclinhensis Eames, Le 

Trong Trai et Nguyen Cu, 1999 

156 Garrulax yersini (Robinson et Kloss, 

1919). 

157 Garrulax milleti Robinson et Kloss, 

1919 

Khướu ngọc linh VU D1 

Khướu ñầu ñen má 

xám 

Khướu ñầu ñen LR cd 

EN B1+2b,c,d,e 

158 Jabouileia danjoui (Robinson et Kloss, Khướu mỏ dài LR cd 

1919) 

159 Stachyris herberti (Baker, 1920). Khướu ñá mun VU B1C1 

Sittidae Họ Trèo cây 

160 Sitta formosa Blyth, 1843 Trèo cây lưng ñen EN B1+ 2a,d C2a 

35


D. 

161 Sitta solangiae Delacour et Jabouille, 

1930 

Trèo cây mỏ vàng LR cd 

Fringillidae Họ Sẻ ñồng 

162 Carduelis monguilloti (Delacour, 1926) Sẻ thông họng vàng LR nt 

Corvidae Họ Quạ 

163 Corvus torquatus Lesson, 1831 Quạ khoang DD 

164 Pica pica (Linnaeus,1758) Bồ các EN A1b,c C2a 

III. Bò sát – Lưỡng cư 

III.1. Bò sát 

1. Squamata 1. Bộ Có vẩy 

Gekkonidae Họ Tắc kè 

165 Gekko gecko (Linnaeus,1758) Tắc kè VU A1c,d 

Agamidae Họ Nhông 

166 Leiolepis reevesii (Gray,1831) Nhông cát rivơ VU A1d 

167 Physignatus coccincinus (Cuvier,1829) Rồng ñất VU A1c,d 

Varanidae Họ Kỳ ñà 

168 Varanus nebulosus (Gray,1831) Kỳ ñà vân EN A1c,d 

169 Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) Kỳ ñà nước EN A1c,d 

Pythonidae Họ Trăn 

170 Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Trăn ñất CR A1c, d 

171 Python reticulatus (Schneider,1801) Trăn gấm CR A1c,d 

Colubridae Họ Rắn nước 

172 Euprepiophis mandarinus (Cantor, Rắn sọc quan VU B1+ 2a,b,c 

1842) 

173 Orthriophis moellendorfii 

(Boettger,1886) 

Rắn sọc khoanh VU B1 + 2a,b,c 

174 Oreophis porphyracea (Cantor,1839) Rắn sọc ñốm ñỏ VU B1+2a,b,c. 

175 Elaphe prasina (Blyth,1854) Rắn sọc xanh VU B1+2a,b,c 

176 Coelognathus radiata (Schlegel,1837) Rắn sọc dưa VU B1+2a,b,c 

177 Enhydris bocourti (Jan,1865) Rắn bồng voi VU A1c,d+2cd 

178 Ptyas korros (Schlegel,1837) Rắn ráo thường EN A1c,d 

179 Ptyas mucosus (Linnaeus,1758) Rắn ráo trâu EN A1c,d 

Elapidae Họ Rắn hổ 

180 Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider, 1801) Rắn cạp nong EN A1c,d 

181 Naja naja (Linnaeus, 1758) Rắn hổ mang EN A1c,d 

182 Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) Rắn hổ chúa CR A1c,d 

Viperidae Họ Rắn lục 

183 Azemiops feae Boulenger,1888 Rắn lục ñầu bạc VU B1 


2. Testudinata 2. Bộ Rùa biển 

Dermochelyidae Họ Rùa da 

184 Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus,1766) Rùa da CR A1d 

Cheloniidae Họ Vích 

185 Caretta caretta (Linnaeus,1909) Quản ñồng CR A1dD 

186 Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus,1758) Vích EN C1 

187 Eretmochelys imbricata 

(Linnaeus,1766) 

188 Lepidochelys olivacea 

(Eschscholtz,1829) 

ðồi mồi ENB2b,e C1 

ðồi mồi dứa EN A1d 

Platysternidae Họ Rùa ñầu to 

189 Platysternon megacephalum Gray,1831 Rùa ñầu to EN A1d+2d 

Emydidae Họ Rùa ñầm 

190 Mauremys annamensis Rùa trung bộ CRA1d B2a,e C2b 

(Siebenrock,1903) 

191 Cuora galbinifrons (Bourret,1939) Rùa hộp trán vàng EN A1d+2d 

192 Cuora amboinensis (Daudin,1802) Rùa hộp lưng ñen VU A1d+2d 

193 Cuora trifasciata (Bell,1825) Rùa hộp ba vạch CR A1d+2d 

194 Heosemys grandis Gray,1860 Rùa ñất lớn VU A1d+2d 

195 Hieremys annandalei (Boulenger,1903) Rùa răng EN A1c,d+2d 

196 Malayemys subtrijuga (Schlegel et Rùa ba gờ VU A1c,d+2d 

Muller,1844) 

Testudinidae Họ Rùa núi 

197 Indotestudo elongata (Blyth,1853) Rùa núi vàng EN A1d+2d 

198 Manouria impressa (Gunther,1882) Rùa núi viền VU A1c,d+2d 

Trionychidae Họ Ba ba 

199 Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert,1770) Cua ñinh VU A1c,d+2cd 

200 Palea steindachneri (Siebenrock,1906) Ba ba gai VU A1c,d+2cd 

201 Pelochelys cantorii Gray, 1864 Giải EN A1d+2d 

202 Rafetus swinhoei Gray, 1973 Giải thượng hải CR C1+2a 

3. Crocodylia 3. Bộ Cá sấu 

Crocodylidae Họ Cá sấu 

203 Crocodylus porosus Schneider,1801 Cá sấu hoa cà EW 

204 Crocodylus siamensis Schneider,1801 Cá sấu xiêm CR A1c,d 

III.2. Lưỡng cư 

1. Caudata 1. Bộ Ếch nhái có 

ñuôi 

Salamandridae Họ Cá cóc 

205 Paramesotriton deloustali Cá cóc tam ñảo EN B1+2bcd 

36


(Bourret,1934) 

206 Tylototriton vietnamensis Bohme 

Schottler Nguyen et Kohless, 2005 

Sa giông việt nam EN B1+2b,d 

2. Apoda 2. Bộ Ếch nhái 

không chân 

Coeciliidae Họ Ếch giun 

207 Ichthyophis bannanicus Yang,1984 Ếch giun VU B1+2a,b,c 

3. Anura 3. Bộ Ếch nhái 

không ñuôi 

Bombinatoridae Họ Cóc tía 

208 Bombina microdeladigitora Liu,Hu and Cóc tía CRB1+2a,b,c,d 

Yang,1960 

Megophryidae Họ Cóc bùn (Cóc 

mày) 

209 Xenophrys palpebralespinosa 

(Bourret,1937) 

Cóc mày gai mí CR B1+2c,d 

Bufonidae Họ Cóc 

210 Bufo galeatus Gunther,1864 Cóc rừng VU B1+2a,b,c,d 

211 Bufo pageoti Bouret,1937 Cóc pagiô EN B1+2a,b,c,d 

Ranidae Họ Ếch nhái 

212 Chaparana delacouri (Angel,1928) Ếch vạch EN B1+2a,b,c,d 

213 Rana andersoni Boulenger,1882 Chàng Anñecson VU A1a,c,d 

214 Paa spinosa (David,1875) Ếch gai EN A1d 

Rhacophoridae Họ ếch Cây 

215 Rhacophorus feae (Boulenger,1893) Ếch cây phê EN B1 

216 Rhacophorus kio Ohler et Delorme, Ếch cây kio EN B1+2a,b,c,d 

2006 

217 Theloderma corticale Boulenger,1903 Ếch cây sần corti EN B1+2b,c,d 

IV. Cá 

IV.1. Cá nước ngọt 

1. Osteoglossiformes 1. Bộ Cá thát lát 

Osteoglossidae Họ Cá mơn 

218 Scleropages formosus (Schlegel and 

Muller,1844) 

Cá mơn EN A1c,d 

Notopteridae Họ Cá thát lát 

219 Chitala ornata (Gray,1831) Cá còm VU A1a,c,d 

3. Clupeiformes 3. Bộ Cá trích 

Clupeidae Họ Cá trích 

220 Clupanodon thrissa (Linnaeus, 1758) Cá mòi cờ hoa EN A1a,d 


B1+2a,b,c 

221 Tenualosa reevesii (Richardson, 1846) Cá cháy bắc EN A1 d B2a,b,c 

222 Tenualosa thibaudeaui (Durant, 1940) Cá cháy nam VUA1d 

223 Tenualosa toli (Valenciennes, 1874) Cá cháy so VUA1d 

4. Anguilliformes 4. Bộ Cá chình 

Anguillidae Họ Cá chình 

224 Anguilla bicolor Mc Clelland,1844 Cá chình mun VU A1c,d B1+2a,b 

225 Anguilla borneensis Popta,1924 Cá chình nhọn VU A1c,d B1+2a,b 

D2 

226 Anguilla japonica Temminck & Cá chình nhật EW 

Schlegel,1846 

227 Anguilla marmorata Qouy & 

Gaimard,1824 

Cá chình hoa VU A1c,d B1+2a,b 

5. Cypriniformes 5. Bộ Cá chép 

Cyprinidae Họ Cá chép 

228 Acrossocheilus annamensis (Pellegrin et Cá trốc VU D2 

Chevey,1936) 

229 Catlocarpio siamensis Boulenger,1898 Cá hô EN A1c,d 

B1+2c,d,e+3c,d 

230 Cirrhinus microlepis Sauvage,1878 Cá duồng VU A1c,d 

B1+2c,d,e 

231 Cyprinus hyperdorsalis Hao, 1991 Cá lợ thân cao EN A1c,b B1+2b,c 

232 Cyprinus multitaeniata Pellegrin & Cá lợ thân thấp EW 

Chevey,1936 

233 Elopichthys bambusa 

(Richardson,1844) 

Cá măng VU A1c,d B2a,b 

234 Laichowcypris dai Hao et Hoa, 1969 Cá trữ EN A1a,c,d 

B1+2a,b,c 

235 Luciocyprinus langsoni Vaillant,1904 Cá măng giả CR A1c,d,e 

B1+2b,c,d 

236 Ochelobius elongatus (Kner, 1867) Cá chày tràng VU A1c,d B1+2a,b 

237 Parazacco vuquangensis Tu,1994 Cá lá giang VU D2 

238 Probarbus jullieni Sauvage,1880 Cá trà sóc VU A1c,d 

B1+2c,d,e 

239 Procypris merus Lin,1933 Cá chép gốc EW 

240 Semilabeo obscurus Lin,1981 Cá anh vũ VU A1c,d B2a,b 

241 Sinilabeo graffeuilli (Pellegrin & 

Chevey,1936) 

Cá mị EN A1 B1 

242 Sinilabeo lemassoni (Pellegrin & Cá rầm xanh VU A1c,d B2a,b 

37


Chevey,1936) 

243 Sinilabeo tonkinensis (Pellegrin & 

Chevey,1936) 

Cá hoả VU A1c,d B2a,b 

244 Tor (Folifer) brevifilis (Peter, 1880) Cá ngựa bắc VU A1 a,c,d B1 

a,b,c 

6. Siluriformes 6. Bộ Cá nheo 

Siluridae Họ Cá nheo 

245 Ompok miostoma (Vaillant,1902) Cá sơn ñài (Trèn 

dốc) 

Bagridae Họ Cá ngạnh (Cá 

VU A1c,d C1 

lăng) 

246 Hemibagrus guttatus (Lacépède,1803) Cá lăng chấm VU A1c,d B2a,b 

Pangasiidae Họ Cá tra 

247 Pangasianodon gigas Chevey,1930 Cá tra dầu VU A1c,d C1 

Sisoridae Họ Cá chiên 

Cá chiên VU A1c,d B2a,b 

248 Bagarius rutilus Ng. et Kottelat 

(Sykes,1841) 

7. Perciformes 7. Bộ Cá vược 

Channidae Họ Cá quả 

249 Channa maculata (Lacépède,1802) Cá chuối hoa EN A1c,d 

250 Channa marulius (Hamilton,1822) Cá tràu mắt DD 

Coiidae Họ Cá hường 

251 Coius microlepis (Bleeker,1853) Cá hường VU A1c,d 

252 Coius quadrifasciatus Cá hường vện VU A1 a, c,d 

(Sevastianov,1809) 

Toxotidae Họ Cá mang rổ 

253 Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton,1822) Cá mang rổ VU A1a,c,d 

IV.2. Cá biển 

1. Lamniformes 1. Bộ Cá nhám thu 

254 Alopias pelagicus Nakamura,1935 Cá nhám ñuôi dài EN A1d D 

2. Orectolobi formes 2. Bộ Cá nhám râu 

Stegostomatidae Họ Cá nhám nhu 

mì 

255 Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann,1873) Cá nhám nhu mì EN A1d C2a 

Rhincodontidae Họ Cá nhám voi 

256 Rhincodon typus Smith,1828 Cá nhám voi EN A1a,d D 

3. Carcharhiniformes 3. Bộ Cá mập 

Scyliorhinidae Họ Cá nhám mèo 

257 Cephaloscyllium umbratile Jordan & Cá nhám lông EN A1a,d C2a 


Fowler,1903 nhung 

4. Squaliformes 4. Bộ Cá nhám góc 

Squalidae Họ Cá nhám góc 

258 Etmopterus lucifer Jordan et Snyder, 

1902 

Cá nhám nâu EN A1a,d D 

5. Pristiformes 5. Bộ Cá ñao 

Pristidae Họ Cá ñao 

259 Pristis cuspidatus Latham,1794 Cá ñao răng nhọn EN A1a,d D 

260 Pristis microdon Latham,1794 Cá ñao răng nhỏ EN A1a D 

6. Rhynchobatiformes 6. Bộ Cá giống 

Rhinobatidae Họ Cá giống 

261 Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Cá giống mõm tròn EN A1a,d C2a 

Schneider,1801 

7. Torpediniformes 7. Bộ Cá ñuối ñiện 

Torpedinidae Họ Cá ñuối ñiện 

hai vây lưng 

262 Narcine tonkinensis Nguyen,1970 Cá ñuối ñiện bắc bộ VU C2b 

8. Chimaeriformes 8. Bộ Cá toàn ñầu 

Chimaeridae Họ Cá toàn ñầu 

263 Chimaera phantasma Jordan & Cá toàn ñầu DD 

Snyder,1900 

9. Elopiformes 9. Bộ Cá cháo biển 

Elopidae Họ Cá cháo biển 

264 Elops saurus Linnaeus,1766 Cá cháo biển VU C1 

Megalopidae Họ Cá cháo lớn 

Cá cháo lớn VU A1d C1 

265 Megalops cyprinoides 

(Broussonet,1782) 

Albulidae Họ Cá mòi ñường 

266 Albula vulpes (Linnaeus,1758) Cá mòi ñường VU A1d C1 

10. Clupeiformes 10. Bộ Cá trích 

Chanidae Họ Cá măng biển 

267 Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775) Cá măng sữa VU A2d 

Clupeidae Họ Cá trích 

268 Anodontostoma chacunda Cá mòi không răng VU A1d C1 

(Hamilton,1822) 

269 Konosirus punctatus (Temminck and 

Schlegel, 1846) 

Cá mòi cờ chấm VU A1d 

270 Nematalosa nasus (Bloch,1795) Cá mòi mõm tròn VU A1c,d, e C1 

11. Centomimiformes 11. Bộ Cá dạng voi 

38


Ateleopidae Họ Cá nòng nọc 

271 Ateleopus japonicus Bleeker,1842 Cá nòng nọc nhật 

bản 

EN A1d D 

12. Zeiformes 12. Bộ Cá dây 

Zeidae Họ Cá dây 

272 Zeus cypho Fowler,1934 Cá dây lưng gù EN A1d D 

273 Zeus japonicus Cuvier & Cá dây nhật bản EN A1d D 

Valenciennes,1835 Z. faber Lin 

13. Lampridiformes 13. Bộ Cá mặt 

trăng 

Veliferidae Họ Cá cờ mặt 

trăng 

274 Velifer hypselopterus Bleeker,1879 Cá cờ mặt trăng DD 

14. Gasterrosteiformes 14. Bộ Cá gai 

Aulostomidae Họ Cá kèn 

275 Auloostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Cá kèn trung quốc EN A1 B2b +3c 

Solenostomidae Họ Cá dao cạo 

276 Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas,1870) Cá dao cạo EN D 

Syngnathidae Họ Cá chìa vôi 

VU A1d B2b+3c 

277 Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 

1853) 

Cá chìa vôi khoang 

vằn 

278 Doryrhamphus exciscus Kaup, 1856 Cá chìa vôi sọc xanh VU A1a, d B2b+3c 

279 Hippocampus histrix Kaup,1856 Cá ngựa gai VU A1c,dC1 

280 Hippocampus japonicus Kaup,1856 Cá ngựa nhật EN C1 

281 Hippocampus kuda Bleeker,1852 Cá ngựa ñen EN A1d C1 

282 Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach,1814 Cá ngựa chấm EN A1d C1 

283 Solonognathus hardwickii Gray, 1830 Cá chìa vôi không 

vây ñuôi 

284 Syngnathus acus Linnaeus, 1758 Cá chìa vôi mõm 

nhọn 

285 Trachyrhamphus serratus (Temminck Cá chìa vôi mõm 

& Schelegel, 1846) 

răng cưa 

15. Perciformes 15. Bộ Cá vược 

Serranidae Họ Cá mú 

286 Anyperodon leucogrammicus 

(Valenciennes,1828) 

VU A1a,c,d,e C1 

VU A1c,d C1+2a 

VU A1c,d,e C1 

Cá mú sọc trắng VU A1c,d B1 +2c 

287 Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal,1775) Cá song mỡ VU A1c,d B2c,e 

288 Epinephelus undulatostriatus Cá song vân giun CR A1c,d B1 + 2c 

(Peters,1876) 

C2a 


Pomadasyidae Họ Cá sạo 

289 Plectorhynchus flavomaculatus 

(Ehrenberg)in Sokolov,1989 

290 Plectorhynchus gibbsus (Lacepede, 

1802) 

Cá kẽm chấm vàng EN A1c,eB1 +2c 

C2a 

Cá kẽm mép vẩy 

ñen 

Sciaenidae Họ Cá ñù 

291 Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor,1849) Cá ñường (cá Sủ 

giấy) 

CR A1c,e B1 

+2cC2a 

VU A1c,d 

Chaetodontidae Họ Cá bướm 

292 Centropyge bicolor (Bloch,1787) Cá bướm hai màu EN A1d B2b +3c 

293 Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier & Cá Bướm bốn vằn VU A1d B2b+3c 

Valenciennes,1831) 

294 Forcipiger longirostris Cá bướm mõm dài VU A1d B2b+3c 

(Broussonet,1782) 

295 Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier & Cá bướm vằn VU A1d B2b+3c 

Valenciennes,1831) 

Pomacanthidae Họ Cá chim xanh 

296 Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch,1787) Cá chim hoàng ñế VU A1d B2b +3c 

297 Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert,1772) Cá chim xanh nắp VU A1d B2b +3c 

mang tròn 

Labridae Họ Cá bằng chài 

298 Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1831) Cá bằng chài axin VU A1dB2b+3c 

299 Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) Cá bằng chài ñầu VU A1d B2b+3c 

Eleotridae Họ Cá bống ñen 

300 Bostrichthys sinensis Laccpcde,1802 Cá bống bớp CR A1a,c,d E 

16. Scorpaeniformes 16. Bộ Cá mù làn 

Triglidae Họ Cá chào mào 

301 Satyrichthys rieffeli (Kaup,1859) Cá chào mào gai VU B1 D1 

17. Tetraodontiformes 17. Bộ Cá nóc 

Monacanthidae Họ Cá bò giấy 

302 Anacanthus barbatus Gray,1830 Cá bò râu EN A1d D 

303 Oxymonacanthus longirostris (Bloch & Cá bò xanh hoa ñỏ VU A1d B2b,e 

Schneider,1801) 

Molidae Họ Cá mặt trăng 

ñen 

304 Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard,1841) Cá mặt trăng ñuôi 

nhọn 

EN B1 D 

305 Mola mola (Linnaeus,1758) Cá mặt trăng EN B1 D 

18. Lophiiformes 18. Bộ Cá nhái 

39


Antennariidae Họ Cá lưỡi dong 

306 Antennarius striatus (Shaw & 

Nodder,1794) 

Cá lưỡi dong ñen VU A1d B2b+3c 

V. ðộng vật không xương sống 

V.1. ðộng vật không xương sống 

nước ngọt 

V.1.1 Giáp xác 

1. Decapoda 1. Bộ Mười chân 

Potamidae Họ Cua suối 

307 Potamon cucphuongensis Dang,1975 Cua suối cúc 

phương 

LR cd 

308 Potamon tannanti (Rathbun,1904) Cua suối mai ráp VU B1+2a,b,e 

309 Potamon fruhstorferi (Balss,1914) Cua suối vỏ nhẵn VU B1+2a,b,e 

310 Potamon kimboiensis Dang,1975 Cua suối kim bôi VU D2 

311 Tiwaripotamon annamense (Balss,1914) Cua suối trung bộ VU B1+2a,b,e 

V.1.2 Thân mềm 

1. Mesogastropoda 1. Bộ Chân bụng 

trung 

Pochychiliidae Họ Ốc mút 

312 Brotia swinhoei (Adams,1870) Ốc mút hình tháp DD 

313 Semisulcospira proteus (Bavay et Ốc mút vệt nâu VU B1+2a,b,e 

Dautzenberg,1910) 

2. Unionoida 2. Bộ Trai cóc 

Amblemidae Họ Trai cóc 

314 Contradens semmelincki fultoni Trai cóc mẫu sơn DD 

(Haas,1939) 

315 Gibbosula crassa (Wood,1815) Trai cóc dày CR A1c,dB1 D 

316 Lamprotula blaisei (Dautzenberg et Trai cóc hình lá VU B2a,b,e +3d 

Fischer,1905) 

317 Lamprotula leai (Gray,1857) Trai cóc hình tai VU B2a,b,e +3d 

318 Lamprotula nodulosa (Wood,1815) Trai cóc tròn VU B2a,b,e +3d 

Unionidae Họ Trai cánh 

319 Chamberlainia hainesiana (Lea,1856) Trai vỏ nâu DD 

320 Cristaria bialata (Lea,1857) Trai cánh mỏng VU B2a,b,e +3a,d 

321 Cuneopsis (Procuneopsis) demangei Trai cóc nhẵn DD 

Haas,1929 

322 Lanceolaria fruhstorferi (Bavay et Trùng trục có khía VU B2a,b,e+3d 

Dautzenberg,1901) 

323 Protunio messageri Bavay et Trai cóc vuông EN B2a,b,e 


Dautzenberg,1901 +3a,b,d 

324 Sinohyriopsis cumingii (Lea,1852) Trai ñiệp VU B2a,b,e +3a,d 

V.2. ðộng vật không xương sống biển 

V.2.1.San hô 

1. Gorgonacea 1. Bộ San hô sừng 

Coralliidae Họ San hô ñỏ 

325 Corallium japonicum Kishinouye,1904 San hô ñỏ nhật bản DD 

326 Corallium konojoi Kishinouye,1903 San hô ñỏ kô-noi DD 

Ellisellidae Họ San hô sừng 

327 Junceella gemmacea 

(Valenciennes,1857) 

San hô sừng cành 

dẹp 

EN A1a,c B1+2a,c 

Isididae Họ San hô trúc 

328 Isis hippuris Linnaeus,1758 San hô trúc VU A1a,d C2a 

2. Scleractinia 2. Bộ San hô cứng 

Acroporidae Họ San hô lỗ ðỉnh 

329 Acropora aspera (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh xù xì VU A1a,c B2b+3d 

330 Acropora austera (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh au-te VU A1a,c B2b+3d 

331 Acropora cerealis (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh hạt VU A1a,c B2b+3d 

332 Acropora florida (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh hoa VU A1a,c B2b+3d 

333 Acropora formosa (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh ñài VU A1a,c B2b+3d 

334 Acropora nobilis (Dana,1846) San hô lỗ ñỉnh nôbi VU A1a,c 

B2a,b+3d 

Pocilloporidae Họ San hô cành 

335 Pocillopora damicornis 


336 Pocillopora verrucosa (Ellis et 

Solander,1786) 

loan 

San hô cành ña mi VU A1c,d B2b+3d 

San hô cành sần sùi VU A1c,d B2b+3d 

337 Seriatopora hystrix Dana,1846 San hô cành ñỉnh 

nhọn 

338 Stylophora pistilata Esper,1797 San hô cành ñầu 

nhuỵ 

Poritidae Họ San hô khối 

339 Porites lobata Dana,1846 San hô khối ñầu 

thuỳ 

V.2.2. Da gai 

1. Aspidochirotida 1. Bộ Xúc tu hình 

tán 

Holothuriidae Họ Hải sâm 

EN A1a,c,d B2a,c 

EN A1a,c B2a,c 

VU A1 a,c,d B2e 

+3b 

40


340 Actinopyga echinites (Jaeger,1833) ðồn ñột mít VU A2d B2e+3d 

341 Actinopyga mauritiana (Quoy & 

Gaimard,1833) 

ðồn ñột dừa VU A1d B2b,e 

+3d 

342 Microthele nobilis (Seleka,1867) ðồn ñột vú VU A2d B2e +3d 

Stichopodidae Họ Hải sâm lựu 

343 Thelenota ananas (Jaeger,1833) ðồn ñột lựu VU A2d B2b,e 

+3d 

2. Echinoida 2. Bộ Cầu gai 

Echinometridae Họ Cầu gai 

344 Heterocentrotus mammillatus 


Cầu gai ñá VU A2d B2b,e 

+3b 

V.2.3. Giáp Cổ 

1. Limulacea 1. Bộ Sam 

Tachypleidae Họ Sam 

345 Tachypleus tridentatus Leach Sam ba gai ñuôi VU A1c Ba,b,c 

V.2.4. Giáp xác 

1. Decapoda 1. Bộ Mười chân 

Palinuridae Họ Tôm hùm gai 

346 Linuparus trigonus (Von Siebold,1824) Tôm hùm kiếm ba VU A1d B2e + 3d 

góc 

347 Palinurellus gunalachi wieneckii 

Gruvel,1911? 

Tôm hùm lông ñỏ VU A1C D1 

348 Panulirus homarrus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tôm hùm ñá EN A1c,d B2b+3d 

349 Panulirus longipes Tôm hùm ñỏ EN A1c,d B2b +3d 

(A.M.Edwards,1868) 

350 Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius ,1798) Tôm hùm bông VU A1d B2a +3d 

351 Panulirus versicolor (Latreille,1804) Tôm hùm sen VU A1c,d 

Scyllaridae Họ Tôm vỗ 

352 Ibacus ciliatus (Von Siebold,1824) Tôm vỗ biển sâu VU A1c,d B2a + 

3d 

353 Parribacus antarcticus (Lund,1793) Tôm vỗ xanh VU A1c,d B2a,b 

+3d 

354 Thenus orientalis (Lund,1793) Tôm vỗ dẹp trắng VU A1d B2a +3d 

Portunidae Họ Cua bơi 

355 Charybdis feriata (Linnaeus,1758) Ghẹ chữ thập VU A1c,d B2a+3a 

Raninidae Họ Cua hoàng ñế 

356 Ranina ranina (Linnaeus,1758) Cua hoàng ñế VU A1c,d +2c,d 

B2a +3a,d 

V.2.5. Thân mềm 


1. Archaeogastropoda 1. Bộ Chân bụng 

cổ 

Haliotidae Họ Bào ngư 

357 Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus,1758) Bào ngư vành tai VU A1 C1 

358 Haliotis diversicolor Reeve,1846 Bào ngư chín lỗ CR A1a,c,d 

359 Haliotis ovina Gmelin,1791 Bào ngư bầu dục VU A1C1 

Trochidae Họ Ốc ñụn 

360 Tectus pyramis (Born.,1778) Ốc ñụn ñực EN A1a,c,d 

361 Trochus niloticus Linnaeus,1767 Ốc ñụn cái CR A1a 

Turbinidae Họ Ốc xà cừ 

362 Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus,1758 Ốc xà cừ CR A2c,d B2a 

2. Mesogastropoda 2. Bộ Chân bụng 

trung 

Cymatidae Họ Ốc tù và 

363 Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus,1758) Ốc tù và CR B1+2a,d D 

364 Cymatium lotorium (Linnaeus,1758) Ốc tù và lô tô VU A1d B2a,b 

Cypraeidae Họ Ốc sứ 

365 Cypraea testudinaria Linnaeus,1758 Ốc sứ VU A1c D2 

366 Blasicrura chinensis (Gmelin,1791) Ốc sứ trung hoa VU A1c C1 

367 Cypraea argus Linnaeus,1758 Ốc sứ mắt trĩ CR B2a,d 

368 Cypraea mappa Linnaeus,1758 Ốc sứ bản ñồ VU A1a C1 

369 Cypraea spadicea Swainson,1823 Ốc sứ padi VU A1a C1 

370 Cypraea turdus Lamarck,1810 Ốc sứ ñốm VU A1a C1 

371 Cypraea scurra (Gmelin,1791) Ốc sứ sọc trắng VU A1 C1 D1 

Ovulidae Họ Ốc sứ trắng 

372 Ovula costellata (Lamarck,1810) Ốc sứ trắng nhỏ VU A1 d C1 

3. Heterogastropoda 3. Bộ Chân bụng 

khác 

Epitonidae Họ Ốc xoắn vách 

373 Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus,1758) Ốc xoắn vách VU A1 C1 

4. Pterioida 4. Bộ Trai ngọc 

Pteridae Họ Trai ngọc 

374 Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) Trai ngọc môi ñen VU A1d C1 

375 Pinctada maxima (Jameson,1901) Trai ngọc môi vàng VU A1c,d 

376 Pteria penguin (Roding,1798) Trai ngọc nữ VU C1D2 

5. Mytiloida 5. Bộ Vẹm 

Pinnidae Họ Bàn mai 

377 Atrina vexillum (Born,1778) Trai bàn mai EN A1a,c 

6. Veneroida 6. Bộ Ngao 

41


Mactridae Họ Vọp 

378 Lutraria rhynchaena Jonas,1844 Tu hài EN A1a,c B1 C1 

Tridacnidae Họ Trai tai tượng 

379 Hippopopus hippopus (Linnaeus,1758) Trai tai nghé VU A1c,d 

380 Tridacna squamosa Lamarck,1819 Trai tai tượng nhỏ VU A1c,d 

381 Tridacna gigas (Linnaeus,1758) Trai tai tượng khổng 

lồ 

EN A1d 

382 Tridacna maxima (Roding,1798) Trai tai tượng lớn VU A1c,d 

7. Nautiloidea Bộ Ốc anh vũ 

Nautilidae Họ Ốc anh vũ 

383 Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus,1758 Ốc anh vũ CR A1d C1 D 

8. Teuthida 8. Bộ Mực ống 

Loliginidae Họ Mực ống 

384 Photololigo chinensis Gray,1849 Mực thước VU A1d 

9. Sepida 9. Bộ Mực nang 

Sepiidae Họ Mực nang 

385 Sepia (tigris) pharaonis Ehrenberg,1831 Mực nang vân hổ VU A1d 

V.3. Côn trùng 

1. Phasmatoidea 1. Bộ Bọ que 

Phyllidae Họ Bọ lá 

386 Phyllium succiforlium (Linnaeus, 1766) Bọ lá VU B2b,c,e + 3b 

C2a 

2. Hemiptera 2. Bộ Cánh nửa 

Belostomatidae Họ Chân bơi 

387 Lethocerus indicus (Lepetetier et 

Serville, 1775) 

3. Coleoptera 3. Bộ Cánh cứng 

Cà cuống VU A1 c, d,e 

C2b,c,e 

Lucanidae Họ Bọ sừng hươu 

(Kặp kìm) 

388 Dorcus curvidens curvidens Kặp kìm sừng cong CR A1d C2a D1 

(Hope,1840) 

389 Dorcus antaeus Hope,1842 Kặp kìm sừng lưỡi EN A1a,c,d C1 

hái 

390 Dorcus titanus westermanni 

(Hope,1842) 

Kặp kìm sừng ñao EN A1a,c,d 

B2b,c,e + 3d 


391 Odontolabis cuvera fallaciosa 

Kặp kìm nẹp vàng VU A1a,c,d 

Boileau,1901 

B2b,c,e + 3b 

Scarabaeidae Họ Bọ hung 

Bọ hung sừng chữ Y EN A1c,d C2a 

392 Trypoxylus dichotomus politus 

Prell,1934 

393 Chalcosoma atlas Linnaeus,1758 Bọ hung ba sừng CR A1 c,d C1 D1 

394 Cheirotonus battareli (Pouillaude,1913) Cua bay hoa EN A1a,b,c D 

395 Cheirotonus jansoni (Jordan,1898) Cua bay ñen EN A1a,b,c D 

396 Eupatorus gracilicornis (Arrow,1908) Bọ hung năm sừng VU A1a,d D 

397 Jumnos ruckeri tonkinensis Nagai,1992 Cánh cam xanh bốn 

chấm 

4. Lepidoptera 4. Bộ Cánh vẩy 

Amathusiidae Họ Bướm rừng 

398 Stichophthalma uemurai uemurai Bướm chúa rừng 

Nishimura,1998 

nhiệt ñới mura 

399 Zeuxidia masoni Moore,1878 Bướm rừng ñuôi trái 

ñào 

Nymphalidae Họ Bướm giáp 

400 Kallima albofasciata Moore,1877 Bướm lá vạch trắng DD 

Papilionidae Họ Bướm phượng 

401 Byasa crassipes (Oberthur,1879) Bướm phượng ñuôi DD 

lá cải 

402 Papilio achillides elephenor Bướm phượng ñen 

Doubleday,1845 

tuyền 

403 Papilio noblei noblei de Niceville,1889 Bướm phượng ñốm 

kem 

404 Teinopalpus aureus aureus Mell,1923 Bướm phượng ñuôi 

kiếm răng nhọn 

405 Teinopalpus imperalis imperalis Bướm phượng ñuôi 

Hope,1842 

kiếm răng tù 

406 Troides helena cerberus C.&R. Bướm phượng cánh 

Felder,1860 

chim chấm liền 

407 Troides aeacus aeacus C.&R. Bướm phượng cánh 

Felder,1860 

chim chấm rời 

CR A1a,c, d+2a 

DE 

VU A1c,d B1+ 2b 

DD 

DD 

VU A1a,c B1+2b 

VU A1c,d B1+2b 

EN A1a,c,d B1+2b 

VU A2a,c,d 

B2b,d,e +3b,c,d 

VU A1a,c,d 

B2b,d,e +3b,c,d 

42

Annex D. List of forest flora species and their taxonomy in Viet Nam Red List 

( IUCN based standards) 

No Scientific name Vietnamese name Taxonomy 

1. Ngành hạt kín Mộc Lan - Magnoliophyta 

1.1. Lớp hai lá mầm - Magnoliopsida 

1. Acanthaceae Họ Ô rô 

1 

Chroesthes lanceolata (T. Anders.) B. 

Hansen 

ðài mác CR B1+2e 

2 Psiloesthes elongata Benoist Hoa cánh dài EN B1+2b,c 

2. Alangiaceae Họ Thôi ba 

3 Alangium tonkinense Gagnep. Thôi chanh bạc 

4 

3. Altingiaceae Họ Tô hạp 

Altingia chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) 

Oliv. ex Hance 

Tẩm 

4. Anacardiaceae Họ xoài 

5 Melanorrhoea laccifera Pierre Sơn tiên 

VU A1c, 

B1+2a,b,c,d 

EN A 1a,c, d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

VU A1a,d+2d, 

B1+2a 

6 Melanorrhoea usitata Wall. Sơn ñào VU B1+2,a,b,c,d,e 

7 

Pentaspadon poilanei (Evrard & 

Tardieu) Phamh. 

5. Annonaceae Họ Na 

8 Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray Quả ñầu ngỗng 

9 Artabotrys tetramerus Ban 

10 Cyathostemma vietnamense Ban 

11 Drepananthus filiformis (Ast) Ban 

12 Enicosanthellum petelotii (Merr.) Ban 

13 

Enicosanthellum plagioneurum (Diels) 

Ban 

Ngũ liệt poilane EN B1+2e 

Móng rồng mỏ 

nhọn 

Huyệt hùng việt 

nam 

Liên tràng (hình 

chỉ) 

Nhọc trái khớp lá 

mác 

Nhọc trái khớp lá 

thuôn 

14 Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban Màu cau trắng 

VU A1c+2c, 

B1+3b 

EN B1+2b,c 

EN A1a,b,c 

EN B1+2b,c,e 

EN B1+2b,c 

VU A1a,c,d 

VU A1a,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

15 Goniothalamus takhtajanii Ban Giác ñế tam ñảo CR B1+2b,c,e 


16 Goniothalamus vietnamensis Ban Bổ béo ñen 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,e 

17 Mitrephora calcarea Diels ex Ast (cây) ðội mũ VU A1a,c,d 

18 Mitrephora thorelii Pierre Mạo ñài thorel VU A1a,c,d 

19 Phaeanthus vietnamensis Ban Thuốc thượng VU B2b,e+3b 

20 Polyalthia praeflorens Ban Quần ñầu hoa sớm EN B1+2d+3c 

21 Xylopia pierrei Hance Giền trắng VU A1a,c,d 

6. Apocynaceae Họ Trúc ñào 

22 Carissa spinarum L. Xirô nam EN B1+2b,c 

23 Chonemorpha yersinii Spire Quản hoa yersin EN A1c,d 

24 

Ichnocarpus jacquetii (Pierre ex Spire) 

Middleton 

Mần trây lông EN A1 a,c 

25 Ixodonerium annamense Pitard Dây mô VU B1+2b 

26 Kibatalia laurifolia (Ridl.) Woodson Thần linh lá nhỏ VU B1+2,b,c 

27 Melodinus erianthus Pitard Giom lá chụm VU A1c, B1+2b,c 

28 

29 

Melodinus honbaensis A. Chev. ex 

Pitard 

Nouettea cochinchinensis Pierre ex 

Spire 

Giom hòn bà 

Dây nết nam 

EN B1+2b,c 

EN B1+2b,c 

30 Rauvolfia cambodiana Pierre ex Pitard Ba gạc lá to VU A1c 

31 

Phao lưới 

VU A1a,c,d 

Rauvolfia chaudocensis Pierre ex 

Pitard 

32 Rauvolfia micrantha Hook. f. Ba gạc lá mỏng VU A1c,d 

33 

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex 

Kurz 

Ba gạc hoa ñỏ 

CR A1c,c, 

B1+2b,c 

34 Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Ba gạc vòng VU A1a, c 

35 Rauvolfia vietnamensis Ly Ba gạc Việt Nam EN B1+2b,c 

36 Spirolobium cambodianum Baill. Luân thuỳ VU B1+2b,c 

37 Strophanthus wallichii A. DC. Sừng trâu to EN B1+2b,c 

38 Tabernaemontana granulosa Pitard Lài mực EN B1+2b,c 

39 

Trachelospermum bessonii Pierre ex 

Pitard 

Cổ quạ 

EN B1+2b,c 

40 Winchia calophylla (Wall.) A. DC. Sữa lá còng VU A1c,d 

41 Wrightia kontumensis Ly Lòng mực Kontum EN A1a,c,d 

43


42 

Xylinabariopsis xylinabariopsoides 

(Tsiang) Ly 

Dây bói cá lông EN B1+2b,c 

7. Aquifoliaceae Họ trâm bùi 

43 Ilex kaushue Hu Chè ñắng EN A1c,d+2d 

8. Araliaceae Họ Ngũ gia bì 

Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W. 

EN A1c,d, 

44 

Ngũ gia bì hương 

Smith 

B1+2b,c,e 

45 Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss. Ngũ gia bì gai EN A1a,c,d+2c,d 

46 

Evodiopanax evodiifolius (Franch.) 

Nakai 

47 Panax bipinnatifidum Seem. Sâm vũ diệp 

48 

Panax stipuleanatus H.T.Tsai & 

K.M.Feng 

Thù du ngũ gia bì VU A1c,d 

Tam thất hoang 

49 Panax vietnamense Ha & Grushv. Sâm ngọc linh 

50 

Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) C. 

Koch 

CR A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

CR A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

Thông thảo EN A1c,d 

9. Aristolochiaceae Họ Mộc hương 

51 Aristolochia indica L. Sơn dịch VU A1c 

52 

53 

Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun & 

How ex Liang 

Aristolochia tuberosa C.F. Liang & 

S.M. Hwang 

Mã ñậu linh quảng 

tây 

EN A1c,d 

Chu sa liên EN A1c,d 

54 Asarum balansae Franch. Biến hoá núi cao 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

55 Asarum caudigerum Hance Thổ tế tân VU A1a,c,d 

56 Asarum glabrum Merr. Hoa tiên VU A1c,d 

10. Asclepiadaceae Họ Thiên lý 

57 Atherolepis pierrei Cost. Gai lân CR B1+2a 

58 Campestigma purpurea Pierre ex Cost. Kiền tím EN B1+2b 

59 Dischidia benghalensis Colebr. Song ly bengan VU B1+2b 

60 Hoya minima Cost. Hồ da nhỏ CR B1+2a,b 

61 Hoya pseudovalifolia Cost. Hồ da lá xoan CR B1+2a 

62 

Raphistemma hooperianum (Blume) 

Decne. 

Trâm hùng EN B1+2a 

63 Sarcolobus pierrei Cost. Dây cám pierre CR B1+2b 

64 Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt Tiết căn EN B1+2a 

65 Spirella robinsonii Cost. Luân CR B1+2b 


66 

Telectadium dongnaiense Pierre ex 

Cost. 

Vệ tuyền ñồng nai CR B1+2a,b 

67 Telosma procumbens (Blanco) Merr. Cam thảo ñá bia EN B1+2b. 

68 Zygostelma benthamii Baill. Dy gốt CR B1+2a,b 

11. Asteraceae Họ Cúc 

69 Achillea millefolium L. Dương kỳ thảo 

VU A1a, c, 

B1+2b,c,d 

70 Ainsliaea petelotii Merr. Cúc ánh lệ VU A1a,c, B2a,b 

71 

Camchaya eberhardtii (Gagnep.) 

Kitam. 

Cúc hồng ñào 

VU A1a, 

B1+2a,b,c, D2 

72 Camchaya loloana (Gagnep.) Kerr Cam chay VU A1a, B1+2b,c 

73 Cirsium japonicum Fish. ex DC. ðại kế 

VU A1a,c, 

B1+2b,c,d 

74 Cirsium leducei (Franch.) Lévl. Cúc gai 

EN A1a,c, 

B1+2c,d 

75 Colobogyne langbianensis Gagnep. Hoa riu EN B1+2a,b,c,d 

76 

Leontopodium subulatum (Franch.) 

Beauv. 

Cúc bông 

77 Myriactis delavayi Gagnep. Dùi trống nhỏ 

78 Tricholepis karensium Kurz Hoa râu 

79 Vernonia bonapartei Gagnep. Cúc bạc ñầu 

VU A1c, 

B1+2a,b,c 

VU A1a,c, 

B1+2a,b,c 

EN A1a,c, 

B1+2b,c 

VU A1a,c, 

B1+2a,b,c 

80 Vernonia volkameriaefolia (Wall.) DC. Cúc bạc VU A1a,c, B1+2c 

12. Aucubaceae Họ Ô rô bà 

81 Aucuba japonica Thunb. Ô rô bà CR B1+2b,c 

13. Balanophoraceae Họ Dó ñất 

82 Balanophora cucphuongensis Ban Dó ñất cúc phương EN D1 

83 Balanophora laxiflora Hemsl. Nấm ñất EN B1+2b,c,e 

84 Rhopalocnemis phalloides Jungh. Sơn dương VU A1a,b,c 

14. Berberidaceae 

Họ Hoàng Liên 

gai 

85 Berberis julianae Schneid. Hoàng liên gai 

86 Berberis wallichiana DC. Hoàng liên ba gai 

87 Mahonia bealii (Fortune) Pynaert 

Hoàng liên ô rô lá 

dày 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1c,d 

44


88 Mahonia nepalensis DC. Mã hồ EN A1c,d 

89 Podophyllum tonkinense Gagnep. Bát giác liên EN A1a,c,d 

90 

15. Bignoniaceae Họ Chùm ớt 

Fernandoa adenophylla (Wall. ex G. 

Don) Steen. 

ðinh lá tuyến VU B1+2a 

91 Fernandoa bracteata (Dop) Steen. ðinh lá hoa EN B1+2e 

92 Fernandoa collignonii (Dop) Steen. ðinh vàng EN B1+2e 

93 

Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. ex 

Schum var. kerrii Sprague 

ðinh VU B1+2e 

94 Millingtonia hortensis L. f. ðạt phước VU B1+2e 

95 

Pauldopia ghorta (Buch.-Ham. ex G. 

Don) Steen. 

ðinh cánh EN B1+2e 

16. Boraginaceae Họ vòi voi 

96 Argusia argentea (L. f.) Heine Phong ba VU A1a 

17. Bretschneideraceae Họ chuông ñài 

97 Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl. Chuông ñài CR B1+2e 

18. Burseraceae Họ trám 

98 Bursera tonkinensis Guillaum. Rẫm 

VU A1a,c,d+2d, 

B1+2a 

99 Canarium tramdenum Dai & Yakovl. Trám ñen VU A1a,c,d+2d 

100 Protium serratum (Wall. ex Colebr.) 

VU A1a,d+2d, 

Cọ phèn 

Engl. in DC. 

B1+2a 

19. caesalpiniaceae Họ Vang 

101 Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz.) Craib Gõ ñỏ EN A1c,d 

102 Sindora siamensis Teysm. ex Miq. Gụ mật EN A1a,c,d 

103 

Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. & 

S. S. Larsen. 

Gụ lau EN A1a,c,d+2d 

20. Campanulaceae Họ hoa chuông 

104 Codonopsis celebica (Blume) Thuan Ngân ñằng VU B1+2b,c 

105 Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. ðảng sâm VU A1a,c,d+2c,d 

21. caprifoliaceae Họ kim ngân 

106 

107 

Lonicera bournei Hemsl. ex Forb & 

Hemsl. 

Lonicera hildebrandiana Coll. & 

Hemsl. 

Kim ngân rừng CR B1+2b, C2a 

Kim ngân lá to CR B1+2b,c, C2a 

22. celastraceae Họ Dây gối 

108 Euonymus chinensis Lindl. ðỗ trọng tía EN A1b,c,d 

109 Lophopetalum wightianum Arn. Ba khía VU A1c,d 

110 Reissantia setulosa (A. C. Smith) Ban Dây húc nhám EN A1a,b,c 


23. Chloranthaceae Họ hoa sói 

111 Hedyosmum orientale Merr. & Chun Mật hương CR B1+2e 

24. Clusiaceae Họ Bứa 

112 Garcinia fagraeoides A. Chev. Trai lý EN A1c,d 

25. Combretaceae Họ Bàng 

113 Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt Cóc ñỏ VU A1a,c,d 

26. Crassulaceae Họ thuốc bỏng 

114 Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Thuỷ bồn thảo VU B1+2a 

27. Cucurbitaceae Họ bí 

115 Actinostemma tenerum Griff. Bình trấp VU A1c,d 

116 Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 

Makino 

Dần toòng EN A1a,c,d 

117 Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. Qua lâu VU A1c,d, B1+2c 

28. Dipsaceae Họ tục ñoạn 

118 Dipsacus asper Wall. Tục ñoạn 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

29. Dipterocarpaceae Họ Dầu 

119 Anisoptera costata Korth. Vên vên EN A1a,b,c+2b,c 

120 Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertn. f. Dầu mít EN A1c,d+2c,d 

121 Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre Dầu song nàng VU A1c,d+2c,d 

122 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco Dầu ñọt tím VU A1c,d+2c,d 

123 Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Chò nâu 

VU A1c,d+2c,d, 

B1+2b,e 

124 Hopea cordata J. E. Vidal Sưng ñắng DD 

125 Hopea ferrea Pierre Săng ñào 

EN A1c,d+2c,d, 

B1+2c,d,e 

126 Hopea hainanensis Merr. & Chun Sao hải nam 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

127 Hopea mollisima C. Y. Wu Sao mặt quỷ VU A1c,d 

128 Hopea pierrei Hance 

Kiền kiền phú 

quốc 

EN A1c,d 

129 Parashorea chinensis H. Wang Chò chỉ VU A1a,c,d 

130 Parashorea stellata Kurz Chò ñen 

VU A1,b,c+2b,c, 

B1+2a,b,c 

131 Shorea falcata J. E. Vidal Sao lá cong CR A1c,d 

132 Vatica subglabra Merr. Táu nước EN A1c,d 

30. ebenaceae Họ thị 

133 Diospyros mollis Griff. Mặc nưa EN A1c,d, B1+2a 

134 Diospyros mun A. Chev. ex H. Mun EN A1c,d, B1+2a 

45


Lecomte 

31. Elaeocarpaceae Họ côm 

135 Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz Cà na VU A2c, B1+2a,b 

32. Epacridaceae Họ Mã kỳ 

136 Leucopogon malayanus Jack Mã kỳ VU A1b,c,d 

33. Ericaceae Họ ðỗ Quyên 

137 Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. Châu thụ VU B1+2b,c 

34. Euphorbiaceae Họ Thầu dầu 

138 Cleidiocarpon laurinum Airy-Shaw ðen lá rộng VU B1+2a 

139 Croton touranensis Gagnep. Cù ñèn ñà nẵng VU A1c,d 

140 Sauropus bonii Beille Bồ ngót bon VU B1+2e 

141 

142 

143 

Thyrsanthera suborbicularis Pierre ex 

Gagnep. 

Chi hùng VU A1c,d 

Trigonostemon fragilis (Gagnep.) Airy- 

Shaw 

Tam thụ hùng dòn VU B1+2e 

35. Fabaceae Họ ñậu 

Callerya speciosa (Champ. ex Benth.) 

Schot 

Cát sâm VU A1a,c,d 

144 Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre Trắc EN A1a,c,d 

145 Dalbergia oliveri Gamble ex Prain Cẩm lai EN A1a,c,d 

146 Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Sưa VU A1a,c,d 

147 Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz Giáng hương EN A1a,c,d 

148 Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Hoè bắc bộ VU B1+2e 

36. Fagaceae Họ dẻ 

149 Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata Cà ổi nhỏ VU A1c,d 

150 Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach Cà ổi vọng phu VU A1c,d 

151 Castanopsis formosana (Skan) Hayata Cà ổi ñài loan EN B1+2b,e 

152 Castanopsis hystrix A. DC. Cà ổi (lá) ñỏ VU A1c,d 

153 Castanopsis kawakamii Hayata Cà ổi quả to VU A1,c,d 

154 

Castanopsis lecomtei Hickel & A. 

Camus 

Cà ổi sa pa VU A1c,d 

155 

Castanopsis tesselata Hickel & A. 

Camus 

Cà ổi lá ña VU A1c,d 

156 Fagus longipetiolata Seemen Sồi cánh EN B1+2b,c,e 

157 

Lithocarpus amygdalifolius (Skan) 

Hayata 

Dẻ hạnh nhân VU A1c,d 

158 

Lithocarpus bacgiangensis (Hickel & 

A. Camus) A. Camus 

Dẻ bắc giang VU A1c,d 

159 Lithocarpus balansae (Drake) A. Sồi ñá lá mác VU A1c,d 


Camus 

160 

Lithocarpus bonnetii (Hickel & A. 

Camus) A. Camus 

Sồi ñá tuyên quang VU A1c,d 

161 

Lithocarpus cerebrinus (Hickel & A. 


Dẻ phảng EN A1c,d 

162 Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehd. Dẻ lỗ VU A1c,d 

163 

Lithocarpus finetii (Hickel & A. 


Dẻ ñấu ñứng EN A1c,d 

164 

Lithocarpus harmandii (Hickel & A. 


Dẻ se EN A1c,d 

165 

Lithocarpus hemisphaericus (Drake) 

Barnett 

Dẻ bán cầu VU A1,c,d 

166 

Lithocarpus mucronatus (Hickel & A. 


Dẻ quả núm VU A1c,d 

167 Lithocarpus podocarpus Chun Sồi quả chuông EN B1+2b,c,e 

168 

Lithocarpus polystachyus (Wall. ex A. 

DC.) Rehd. 

Sồi bông nhiều EN A1c,d 

169 

Lithocarpus sphaerocarpus (Hickel & 

A. Camus) A. Camus 

Dẻ quả tròn VU A1c,d 

170 

Lithocarpus truncatus (King ex Hook. 

f.) Rehd. 

Dẻ quả vát VU A1c,d 

171 

Lithocarpus vestitus (Hickel & A. 


Dẻ cau lông trắng EN A1c,d 

172 

Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A. 

Camus 

Sồi quang VU A1c,d 

173 Quercus glauca Thunb. Sồi sim VU A1c,d 

174 

Quercus langbianensis Hickel & A. 

VU A1c,d 

Sồi guồi 

Camus 

175 

Quercus macrocalyx Hickel & A. 

Camus 

Sồi ñấu to VU A1c,d 

176 Quercus platycalyx Hickel & A. Camus Sồi ñĩa VU A1c,d 

177 Quercus setulosa Hickel& A. Camus Sồi duối VU A1c,d 

178 Quercus variabilis Blume Sồi ñen EN A1c,d 

179 Trigonobalanus verticillata Forman Sồi ba cạnh EN B1+2b,c,e 

37. Flacourtiaceae Họ Mùng quân 

180 Gynocardia odorata R. Br. Giang tím bịu EN B1+2a,b 

38. Helwingiaceae Họ Hen vinh 

181 

Helwingia himalaica Hook. f. & 

Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke 

Lá dâng hoa 

himalai 

EN B1+2b,c,e 

46


182 

Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F. G. 

Dietr. 

Lá dâng hoa nhật EN B1+2b,c,e 

39. Illiciaceae Họ Hồi 

183 Illicium difengpi B. N. Chang Hồi ñá vôi VU B1+2b,c,e 

40. Juglandaceae Họ hồ ñào 

184 Annamocarya sinensis (Dode) J. Leroy Chò ñãi EN B1+2c,d,e 

185 Carya tonkinensis Lecomte Mạy châu 

186 

41. lamiaceae Họ bạc hà 

Elsholtzia communis (Coll. & Hemsl.) 

Diels 

VU A1a,c,d+2d, 

B1+2a 

Kinh giới bông EN B1+2a 

187 Elsholtzia penduliflora W. W. Smith Chùa dù VU B1+2b,c 

188 Elsholtzia rugulosa Hemsl. Kinh giới sần EN B1+2a 

189 Kinostemon ornatum (Hemsl.) Kudo Hoa kinô CR B1+2e 

190 Leucosceptrum canum Smith Hoa bông EN B1+2a,e 

191 Scutellaria yunnanensis Lévl. Thuỗn vân nam CR B1+2a,e 

42. Lauraceae Họ Long não 

192 Actinodaphne ellipticibacca Kosterm. Bộp quả bầu dục VU A1c 

193 

Cinnadenia paniculata (Hook. f.) 

Kosterm. 

Kháo xanh VU A1 

194 Cinnamomum balansae H. Lecomte Gù hương VUA1c 

195 

Cinnamomum cambodianum H. 

Lecomte 

Re cambốt VU B1+2b,e 

196 

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) 

Meisn. 

Re hương CR A1a,c,d 

197 Endiandra hainanensis Merr. & Mect. Khuyết nhị hải 

ex Allen 

nam 

EN A1+2c,d 

198 Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu Re trắng quả to VU A1+2c,d, D2 

199 

Potameia lotungensis (S. K. Lee) Kim 

Dao 

Dẹ lô tung EN B1+2b,c,e 

43. Lecythidaceae Họ Lộc vừng 

200 Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz Bàng (quả) vuông VU A1d 

44. Loganiaceae Họ mã tiền 

201 Strychnos cathayensis Merr. Mã tiền cà thày VU A1a,c,d 

202 Strychnos ignatii Berg. Mã tiền lông VU A1a,c 

203 Strychnos nitida G. Don Mã tiền láng EN B1+2b 

204 Strychnos polyantha Pierre ex Dop Mã tiền nhiều hoa VU A1a,c 

205 Strychnos umbellata (Lour.) Merr. Mã tiền tán VU A1a,c 

45. Loranthaceae Họ tầm gửi 


206 Elytranthe albida (Blume) Blume Ban ngà VU A1c 

207 Helixanthera annamica Dans. Chùm gửi trung bộ VU A1c 

208 Macrosolen annamicus Dans. ðại cán việt EN B1+2b,c 

209 Taxillus gracilifolius (Schult. f.) Ban Mộc vệ rủ VU A1c,d 

46. Magnoliaceae Họ mộc lan 

210 

Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & 

Thoms.) Dandy 

211 Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg. áo cộc 

Kiêu hùng CR B1+2b,e 

VU A1c,d, 

B1+2b,e 

212 Magnolia annamensis Dandy Ngọc lan trung bộ EN B1+2b,c,e 

213 Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy Vàng tâm VU A1c,d 

214 Michelia balansae (DC.) Dandy Giổi lông VU A1c,d 

215 Pachylarnax praecalva Dandy Mà vạng 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

216 Paramichelia baillonii (Pierre) S. Y. Hu Giổi xương VU A1a,c,d 

217 

Paramichelia braianensis (Gagnep.) 

Dandy 

Giổi nhung EN A1a,c,d 

218 Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun Giổi lụa VU A1c,d+2c,d 

47. Meliaceae Họ xoan 

219 Aglaia cucullata (Roxb.) Pell. Gội mũm VU A1c,d+2d 

220 

Aglaia spectabilis (Miq.) Jain & 

Bennet. 

Gội nếp VU A1a,c,d+2d 

221 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Lát hoa VU A1a,c,d+2d 

222 Dysoxylum carolinae Mabb. Huỳnh ñàn lá ñối EN A1c,d,B1+2a,b 

223 Dysoxylum cauliflorum Hiern ðinh hương VU A1a,c,d+2d 

224 Dysoxylum loureiri (Pierre) Pierre Huỳnh ñường VU A1a,c,d+2d 

48. Menispermaceae Họ tiết dê 

225 

Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) 

Colebr. 

Vàng ñắng VU A1a,c,d 

226 Fibraurea recisa Pierre Hoàng ñằng VU A1b,c,d 

227 Stephania brachyandra Diels Bình vôi nhị ngắn EN A1d, B1+2e 

228 Stephania cepharantha Hayata Bình vôi hoa ñầu EN A1a,b,c,d 

229 Stephania dielsiana C. Y. Wu Củ dòm VU B1+2b,c 

230 Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. Củ gió VU A1c,d 

49. Myrsinaceae Họ ðơn nem 

231 Ardisia brevicaulis Diels 

Cơm nguội thân 

ngắn 

VU A1a,c,d 

232 Ardisia silvestris Pitard Lá khôi VU A1a,c,d+2d 

233 Embelia parviflora Wall. ex A. DC. Thiên lý hương VU A1a,c,d+2d 

47


234 Myrsine semiserrata Wall. Thiết tồn VU A1a,c 

235 

236 

Myrsine verruculosa (C. Y. Wu ex C. 

Chen) Pipoly & C. Chen 

Xay nhiều mụn 

50. Myrtaceae Họ Sim 

Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. 

& Perry 

Thoa 

VU A1a,c, 

B1+2b,c 

VU B1+2b,e 

237 Osbornia octodonta F. Muell. Bát nha VU A1c 

51. Nepenthaceae Họ nắp ấm 

238 Nepenthes annamensis Macfarl. Nắp ấm trung bộ EN B1+2a 

52. Ochnaceae Họ Hoàng mai 

239 

Indosinia involucrata (Gagnep.) J. E. 

Vidal 

ðông dương 

CR B1+2e 

53. Opiliaceae Họ sơn cam 

240 Melientha suavis Pierre Rau sắng VU B1+2e 

54. orobanchaceae Họ Lệ Dương 

241 Aeginetia indica L. Lệ dương VU B1+2b,c 

55. Platanaceae Họ chò nước 

242 Platanus kerrii Gagnep. Chò nước VU B1+2e 

56. Polygonaceae Họ Rau răm 

243 Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson Hà thủ ô ñỏ VU A1a,c,d 

244 Polygonum palmatum Dunn. Nghể chân vịt EN B1 + 2 b,c 

57. Primulaceae Họ Anh thảo 

245 Lysimachia chenii C. M. Hu Trân châu chen EN A1a,b,c,d 

246 Primula chapaensis Gagnep. Hoa báo xuân sapa VU A1a,b,c 

58. Ranunculaceae Họ Mao lương 

247 Coptis chinensis Franch. Hoàng liên CR A1d, B1+2b,c 

248 Coptis quinquesecta W. T. Wang Hoàng liên chân gà CR A1d, B1+2b,c 

249 Thalictrum foliosum DC. Thổ hoàng liên 

250 

251 

Thalictrum ichangense Lecoyer ex 

Oliv. 

59. Rhoipteleaceae Họ ðuôi ngựa 

Rhoiptelea chiliantha Diels & Hand.- 

Mazz. 

VU A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

Thổ hoàng liên lùn CR B1+2b,c 

ðuôi ngựa EN B1+2b,c,e 

60. Rubiaceae Họ Cà Phê 

252 Alleizettella rubra Pitard ái lợi VU A1a,c 

253 

Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teysm. 

& Binn. 

Xương cá VU A1c, B1+2c 

254 Fagerlindia depauperata (Drake) Chim trích VU A1c, B1+2b,c 


Tirveng. 

255 Hydnophytum formicarum Jack Kỳ nam 

EN A1b,d, 

B1+2b,e 

256 Leptomischus primuloides Drake Bạc cách VU A1a,c 

257 Morinda officinalis How Ba kích 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2a,b,c 

258 Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack ổ kiến gai VU A1a,c,d 

259 

Paracoffea dongnaiensis (Pierre & 

Pitard) Leroy 

260 Rothmannia vietnamensis Tirveng 

261 

Xanthophytum attopevense (Pierre & 

Pitard) H. S. Lo 

Cà phê ñồng nai VU A1c, B1+2a,c 

Dành dành việt 

nam 

VU A1c, B1+2c 

Nhĩ ñài VU A1c,d+D2 

262 Xantonnea quocensis Pierre ex Pitard Xuân tôn phú quốc VU A1c, B1+2b,c 

263 Xantonneopsis robinsonii Pitard Xuân tôn VU A1a,c 

61. Rutaceae Họ Cam 

264 Murraya glabra (Guillaum.) Guillaum. Vương tùng VU A1a,c,d 

62. Salvadoraceae Họ Thứ mạt 

265 

266 

Azima sarmentosa (Blume) Benth. & 

Hook. f. 

63. Sapindaceae Họ Bồ hòn 

Sinoradlkofera minor (Hemsl.) F. G. 

Mey 

Thứ mạt EN A1c,d 

Bông mộc EN A1a,b,c 

64. Sapotaceae Họ Hồng xiêm 

267 Aesandra dongnaiensis Pierre Xưng ñào EN B1+2b,c,e 

268 Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H. J. Lam Sến mật EN A1a,c,d 

65. Schisandraceae Họ Ngũ vị 

269 Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib Xưn xe tạp VU A1c,d 

270 Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) K. Koch Ngũ vị bắc VU A1c,d 

271 Schisandra perulata Gagnep. Ngũ vị vảy chồi EN B1+2b,c 

272 

Schisandra rubriflora (Franch.) Rehd. 

& Wils. 

Ngũ vị hoa ñỏ EN B1+2c,e 

66. Scrophulariaceae Họ Hoa mõm chó 

273 Limnophila rugosa (Roth.) Merr. Hồi nước VU B1+2b 

274 Paulownia fargesii Franch. Bông lơn CR B1+2e 

67. siphonodontaceae Họ xưng da 

275 Siphonodon celastrineus Griff. Xưng da VU A1c,d 

68. Sterculiaceae Họ Trôm 

276 Scaphium macropodium (Miq.) Lười ươi VU A1a,c,d 

48


Beumée ex K. Heyne 

69. Styracaceae Họ Bồ ñề 

277 Alniphyllum eberhartii Guillaum. Lá dương ñỏ EN A1+2a,c,d 

278 Styrax litseoides J. E. Vidal Bồ ñề lá bời lời EN A1a,b,c,d 

70. Theaceae Họ Chè 

279 Adinandra megaphylla Hu Sum lá lớn VU A1c,d 

280 Camellia fleuryi (A. Chev.) Sealy Chè sốp 

281 

Camellia gilbertii (A. Chev. ex 

Gagnep.) Sealy 

Trà hoa gilbert 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

282 Camellia pleurocarpa (Gagnep.) Sealy Trà hoa quả bẹt EN B1c+2b,c 

71. Thymelaeaceae Họ Trầm 

283 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte Trầm hương 

284 

72. Tiliaceae Họ ðay 

Excentrodendron tonkinense (Gagnep.) 

Chang & Miau 

EN A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

Nghiến EN A1a-d+2c,d 

285 Hainania trichosperma Merr. Mương khao EN B1+2b,c,e 

286 Schoutenia hypoleuca Pierre Sơn tần VU A1a,b,c,d 

73. Valerianaceae Họ Nữ lang 

287 Valeriana hardwickii Wall. Nữ lang VU B1+2b,c 

288 Valeriana jatamansi Jones Sì to EN B1+2b,c 

74. Verbenaceae Họ Cỏ roi ngựa 

289 Callicarpa bracteata Dop Tử châu lá bắc CR B1+2a 

290 Gmelina racemosa (Lour.) Merr. Tu hú chùm VU B1+2e 

291 Karomia fragrans Dop Cà diện CR B1+2e 

292 Vitex ajugaeflora Dop Bình linh nghệ VU B1+2e 

75. Viscaceae Họ Ghi 

293 Viscum indosinense Danser Ghi ñông dương EN A1c 

76. Zygophyllaceae Họ Tật Lê 

294 Tribulus terrestris L. Tật lê 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

1.2. Lớp Hành - liliopsida (Lớp một lá mầm - Monocotyledones) 

77. Anthericaceae Họ Lục thảo 

295 Thysanotus chinensis Benth. Dị nhuỵ thảo EN B1 + 2 b,c 

296 

78. Acoraceae 

Acorus macrospadiceus (Yam.) F. N. 

Wei & Y. K. Li 

Họ Thủy Xương 

bồ 

Thuỷ xương bồ lá 

to 

EN B1+2b,c 


79. araceae Họ ráy 

297 

Amorphophallus interruptus Engl. & 

Gehrm. 

Nưa gián ñoạn LR/ cd 

298 Amorphophallus rhizomatosus Hett. Nưa thân rễ LR/ cd 

299 Amorphophallus verticillatus Hett. Nưa hoa vòng LR/ cd 

300 Cryptocoryne vietnamense Hett. Mái dầm việt nam EN A1c 

301 Homalomena gigantea Engl. 

Thiên niên kiện lá 

to 

VU A1c, B1+2b,c 

302 Homalomena pierreana Engl. Thần phục VU A1c, B1+2b,c 

80. Arecaceae Họ cau 

303 Calamus platyacanthus Warb. ex Becc. Song mật VU A1c,d+2c,d 

304 Calamus poilanei Conrard Song bột EN A1c,d+2c,d 

305 

306 

Guihaia grossefibrosa (Gagnep.) J. 

Dransf., S. K. Lee & Wei 

81. Asparagaceae Họ măng tây 

Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D. 

Don 

Hèo sợi to EN B1+2e 

Thiên môn ráng EN B1+2b,c 

82. Colchicaceae Họ Ngót ngoẻo 

307 Iphigenia indica (L.) Kunth Yến phi EN B1 + 2b,c 

83. Convallariaceae 

Họ Mạch môn 

ñông 

308 Disporopsis longifolia Craib Hoàng tinh cách VU A1c,d 

309 Ophiopogon tonkinensis Rodr. Xà bì bắc bộ VU B1 + 2b,c 

310 Peliosanthes teta Andr. Sâm cau VU A1c,d 

311 

Polygonatum kingianum Coll. ex 

Hemsl. 

Hoàng tinh vòng EN A1c,d 

312 Polygonatum punctatum Royle Hoàng tinh ñốm EN A1a,c,d 

313 Reineckia carnea (Andr.) Kunth Cát dương thảo VU A1c,d 

84. Cyperaceae Họ cói 

314 Carex bavicola Raym. Cói túi ba vì VU A1c 

315 Carex hatuyenensis K. Khoi Cói túi hà tuyên VU A1c 

316 Carex khoii Egor. & Aver. Cói túi ba mùn CR B1+2b 

317 Carex kucyniakii Raym. Cói túi diệp ñơn CR B1+2b 

318 Eriophorum comosum Nees Cói tơ nhiều bông VU A1a 

319 Scirpus kimsonensis K. Khoi Cỏ ngạn EN B1+2a,b,c,d 

320 Thoracostachyum vietnamense K. Khoi Cói rừng việt nam VU A1a 

85. Dioscoreaceae Họ Củ nâu 

321 Dioscorea collettii Hook. f. Nần nghệ EN A1a,b,c,d 

322 Dioscorea dissimulans Prain & Burk. Nần gừng VU B1+2b,c 

49


323 

Dioscorea membranacea Pierre ex 

Prain & Burk. 

324 Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright Củ mài gừng 

Nần ñen EN A1a,b 

VU A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

86. Hypoxidaceae Họ Hạ trâm 

325 Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Ngải cau EN A1a,c,d 

87. Liliaceae Họ Hành 

326 Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker Bách hợp EN A1a,c,d 

88. Narthericaceae Họ Cỏ sao 

327 

328 

Petrosavia sakuraii (Makino) J. J. 

Smith ex V. Steen. 

89. Orchidaceae Họ Lan 

Acampe bidoupensis (Tixier & 

Guillaum.) Aver. 

329 Anoectochilus acalcaratus Aver. 

Vô diệp liên 

sakura 

CR B1 + 2 b,c 

Acam bì ñúp EN B1+2b,c. 

Kim tuyến không 

cựa 

EN A1d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

330 Anoectochilus calcareus Aver. Kim tuyến ñá vôi EN A1d 

331 Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. Giải thuỳ sa pa EN A1d 

332 Anoectochilus setaceus Blume Lan kim tuyến EN A1a,c,d 

333 

Anoectochilus tridentatus Seidenf. ex 

Aver. 

Giải thuỳ ba răng EN A1d+2e 

334 Bulbophyllum astelidum Aver. Cầu diệp sao EN B1+2b,c 

335 Bulbophyllum averyanovii Seidenf. 

Cầu diệp cánh 

nHọn 

EN B1+2b,c 

336 Bulbophyllum ngoclinhensis Aver. Cầu diệp ngọc linh EN B1+2b,c 

337 Bulbophyllum purpureifolium Aver. Cầu diệp lá ñỏ EN B1+2b,c 

338 Bulbophyllum tixieri Seidenf. Cầu diệp tixier EN B1+2b,c 

339 Cleisostoma equestre Seidenf. Mật khẩu rời rạc VU B1+2b,c 

340 Coelogyne eberhardtii Gagnep. 

341 Coelogyne longiana Aver. 

Thanh ñạm một 

hoa 

Thanh ñạm tây 

nguyên 

EN B1+2e+3d 

EN 

A1d+B1+2b,c,e 

342 Coelogyne speciosa (Blume) Lindl. Hoàng hạc lớn 

EN 

A1d+B1+2b,c,e 

343 Cymbidium insigne Rolfe Hồng lan 

EN 

A1d+B1+2b,c,e 

344 Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O'Brien Thuỷ tiên hường EN B1+2e+3d 

345 

Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C. 

Fisch. 

Hạc vĩ VU B1+2e+3d 


346 Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe Bạch hoả hoàng VU B1+2e+3d 

347 Dendrobium bilobulatum Seidenf. 

Phiếm ñờn hai 

thuỳ 

EN B1+2e+3d 

348 Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl. Ngọc vạn vàng EN B1+2e+3d 

349 Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. 

Kim ñiệp thân 

phình 

EN B1+2e+3d 

350 Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. & Paxt. Ngọc vạn sáp EN B1+2e+3d 

351 Dendrobium crystallinum Reichb. f. Ngọc vạn pha lê EN B1+2e+3d 

352 Dendrobium daoense Gagnep. Ngọc vạn tam ñảo EN B1+2e+3d 

353 Dendrobium devonianum Paxt. Phương dung EN A1d, B1+2b,c 

354 Dendrobium draconis Reichb. f. Nhất ñiểm hồng VU B1+2e+3d 

355 Dendrobium farmeri Paxt. Ngọc ñiểm VU B1+2e+3d 

356 Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Kim ñiệp VU B1+2e+3d 

357 Dendrobium harveyanum Reichb. f. ý thảo EN B1+2e+3d 

358 Dendrobium heterocarpum Lindl. Nhất ñiểm hoàng EN B1+2e+3d 

359 Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. ðại giác EN B1+2e+3d 

360 

361 

Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.Ham.) 

Sw. 

Dendrobium nobile var. alboluteum 

Huyen & Aver. 

Thái bình EN A1d, B1+2b,c 

Hoàng thảo hoa 

trắng-vàng 

EN B1+2b,c,e 

362 Dendrobium ochraceum De Wild. Cánh sét EN A1d, B1+2b,c 

363 Dendrobium wardianum R. Warner Ngũ tinh VU B1+2e 

364 Dendrobium wattii (Hook. f.) Reichb. f. Hoạt lan EN B1+2b,c,e 

365 

366 

Dendrobium williamsonii Day & 

Reichb. f. 

Eria bidupensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. ex 

Aver. 

Bình minh EN B1+2b,c,e 

Nỉ lan bì ñúp EN B1+2b,c 

367 Eria donnaiensis (Gagnep.) Seidenf. Nỉ lan ñồng nai EN B1+2b,c 

368 Eria lanigera Seidenf. Nỉ lan len EN B1+2e 

369 Eria obscura Aver. Nỉ lan tối EN B1+2e 

370 Eria spirodela Aver. Nỉ lan bèo EN B1+2e 

371 Flickingeria vietnamensis Seidenf. Lan phích việt nam EN B1+2b,c,e 

372 

Habenaria praetermissa Seidenf. ex 

Aver. 

Hà biện pratermiss EN B1+2b,c 

373 Ione pallida Aver. ðại bao tái EN B1+2b,c 

374 Liparis conopea Aver. Nhẵn diệp nón EN B1+2b,c 

375 Liparis emarginata Aver. Nhẵn diệp môi lõm EN B1+2b,c 

376 Malaxis tixieri Seidenf. ái lan tixier EN B1+2b,c 

377 Monomeria dichroma (Rolfe) ðơn hành lưàng EN B1+2b,c 

50


Schlechter sắc 

378 Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Chân trâu xanh VU B1+2b,c,e 

379 Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schlechter Thanh thiên quỳ EN A1d+2d 

380 

Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Gower) 

Rolfe 

381 Paphiopedilum delenatii Guillaum. Hài ñỏ 

382 

383 

384 

Paphiopedilum dianthum T. Tang & F. 

T. Wang 

Paphiopedilum emersonii Koop. & P. J. 

Cribb. 

Paphiopedilum gratrixianum Mast. ex 

Rolfe 

Hài ñài cuốn VU B1+2b,c,e 

Hài xoắn 

385 Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. Hài hêlen 

386 

386 

A 

387 

388 

389 

390 

391 

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. 

ex Hook.) Stein. 

Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum var. 

esquirolei (Schlechter) Karasawa & 

Saito 

Paphiopedilum malipoense S. C. Chen 

& Z. H. Tsi 

Paphiopedilum micranthum T. Tang & 

F. T. Wang 

Paphiopedilum purpuratum (Lindl.) 

Stein 

Paphiopedilum tranlienianum Gruss & 

Perner 

Paphiopedilum vietnamense Gruss & 

Perner 

CR A1c,d+2d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1c,d+2d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

Hài ñiểm ngọc CR A1a,c,d 

Hài tam ñảo CR A1a,c,d+2d 

CR A1a,cd, 

B1+2b,c,e 

Tiên hài VU A1c,d+A2d 

Tiên hài vàng xanh EN B1+2e 

Hài xanh EN A1a,c,d+2d 

Hài mạng ñỏ tía 

Hài tía 

Hài chân tím 

Hài việt nam EW 

ENA1a,c,d+2d, 

B1+2e 

EN A1c,d+2d, 

B1+2b,e 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+2e 

392 Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein Hài lông EN B1+2b,c,e 

393 Pteroceras semiteretifolium Pedersen Dực giác bán trụ EN B1+2b,c 

394 Renanthera annamensis Rolfe Hồng nhung nam EN B1+2b,c,e 

395 Renanthera citrina Aver. 

396 

Hồng nhung vàng 

chanh 

90. Poaceae Họ Hoà thảo 

Chimonobambusa quadrangularis 

(Franceschi) Makino 

Trúc vuông 

EN A1c,d, B1+2e 

CR A1c,d, 

B1+2b,c,d,e 

397 Hemisorghum mekongense (A. Camus) Lau vôi VU A1a,c,d, 


C. Hubb ex Bor B1+2a,c 

398 Oryza minuta J. & C. Presl Lúa ma nhỏ VU A2c 

399 Oryza rufipogon Griff. Lúa trời VU A2c, B1+2c 

400 Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro Trúc ñen VU A1a 

91. Smilacaceae Họ Khúc khắc 

401 Smilax elegantissima Gagnep. 

Kim cang nhiều 

tán 

VU B1 + 2b, c 

402 Smilax petelotii T. Koyama Kim cang petelot CR B2b, 3d 

403 Smilax poilanei Gagnep. Kim cang poilane CR B2b, 3d 

92. Stemonaceae Họ Bách bộ 

404 Stemona cochinchinensis Gagnep. Bách bộ nam VU B1+2b,c 

405 Stemona collinsae Craib Bách bộ hoa tím CR B2b, 3d 

406 Stemona pierrei Gagnep. Bách bộ lá nhỏ VU B1+2b,c 

407 Stemona saxorum Gagnep. Bách bộ ñứng VU B1+2b,c 

93. Tacaceae Họ râu hùm 

408 Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl. Ngải rợm VU A1a,c,d 

409 Tacca palmata Blume Nưa chân vịt VU A1a,c,d 

410 

Tacca subflabellata P. P. Ling & C. T. 

Ting 

Phá lửa VU A1a,c,d 

94. Trilliaceae Họ trọng lâu 

411 Paris polyphylla Smith Trọng lâu nhiều lá EN A1c,d 

2. Ngành Thông - Pinophyta (Ngành hạt trần - Gymnospermae) 

95. Cephalotaxaceae Họ ñỉnh tùng 

412 Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. ðỉnh tùng 

96. Cupressaceae Họ hoàng ñàn 

413 Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz Bách xanh 

VU A1,c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

414 Cupressus torulosa D. Don Hoàng ñàn CR A1a,d 

Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry & 

EN A1a,c,d 

415 

Pơ mu 

Thomas 

416 

Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & 

N. T. Hiep 

Bách vàng CR B1+2b,c,e 

97. Cycadaceae Họ tuế 

417 Cycas balansae Warb. Tuế balansa VU A1a,c 

418 

Cycas bifida (Thiselton-Dyer) K. D. 

Hill 

Tuế xẻ ñôi 

VU A1a,c,d, B1 + 

2b,e 

419 Cycas chevalieri Leandri Tuế sơ va liê LR/nt 

420 Cycas elongata (Leandri) D. Y. Wang Tuế lược thuôn VU A2c,d 

51


421 Cycas ferruginea F.N. Wei Tuế gỉ sắt VU A1a,c 

422 Cycas inermis Lour. Tuế sơn trà VU A1a,c,d 

423 

Cycas lindstromii S. L. Yang, K. D. 

Hill & N. T. Hiep 

Thiên tuế 

lindstrom 

VU B1+2b,e 

424 Cycas litoralis K. D. Hill Thiên tuế biển VU A1a,c 

425 Cycas micholitzii Thiselton-Dyer Tuế lá xẻ VU A1a,c 

426 

Cycas multipinnata C. J. Chen & S. Y. 

Yang 

427 Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. Tuế lược 

428 

429 

429 

A 

Cycas simplycipinna (Smitinand) K. D. 

Hill 

Tuế xẻ lông chim 

nhiều lần 

Thiên tuế chìm 

98. Pinaceae Họ thông 

Abies delavayi Franch. subsp. 

fansipanensis (Q. P. Xiang & al.) 

Rushforth 

Abies delavayi Franch.var. 

nukiangensis (W.C. Cheng & L.K. Fu) 

Farjon & Silba 

Vân sam phan si 

păng 

430 Keteleeria davidiana (Bertrand) Beissn. Du sam ñá vôi 

VU A1a,c 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B2b,e+3b,d 

VU A1a,b 

Vân sam VU A1a,b 

EN 1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,e, C2a 

431 Keteleeria evelyniana Masters Du sam núi ñất VU A1a,c,d 

432 Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang Thông pà cò 

432 

A 

433 

434 

Pinus kwangtungensis var. varifolia N. 

Li & L.K. Fu 

Pseudotsuga brevifolia W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu 

Thiết sam giả lá 

ngắn 

Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz. ex Thiết sam ñông 

Diels 

bắc 

99. Taxaceae Họ thông ñỏ 

435 Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. Thông ñỏ bắc 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c,e 

Thông pà cò ít lá VU A1a,c, B1+2b 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,e 

VU A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,c 

VU A1a,c, 

B1+2b,c 

436 Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Thông ñỏ lá dài VU A1a,c 

100.Taxodiaceae Họ bụt mọc 

437 Cunninghamia konishii Hayata Sa mộc dầu VU A1a,d, C1 

438 

Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunt.) K. 

Koch 

Thông nước 

CR A1a,c, 

B1+2b,c, D1 

439 Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Bách tán ñài loan CR A1a, B1, C2b, 


kín D1 

3. NGành Dương xỉ – Polypodiophyta 

101. Polypodiaceae Họ Dương xỉ 

440 Drynaria bonii C. Chr. Tắc kè ñá VU A1a,c,d 

441 

Drynaria fortunei (Kuntze ex Mett.) J. 

Smith 

4. Ngành Thông ñất – Lycopodiophyta 

102. Selaginellaceae Họ quyển bá 

442 

Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) 

Spring 

Cốt toái bổ EN A1,c,d 

Quyển bá trường 

sinh 

5. Ngành rong ñỏ - Rhodophyta 

103. Gracilariaceae Họ rong câu 

443 

Hydropuntia eucheumoides (Harvey) 

Gurgel & Fredricq 

104. Grateloupiaceae Họ Rong chủn 

444 Cryptonemia undulata Sond. 

VU A1,c,d 

Rong câu chân vịt EN A1a,c,d 

Rong chân vịt 

nhăn 

105. Hypneaceae Họ rong ñông 

445 Hypnea cornuta (Lamx.) J. Agardh Rong ñông sao 

446 Hypnea japonica Tanaka 

447 

Rong ñông móc 

câu 

106. Rhodogorgonaceae Họ rong san hô 

Rhodogorgon carriebowensis Norris & 

Bucher 

Rong san hô caribê 

CR A1a,c,d 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+3c,d 

VU A1a,c,d 

VU A1a,c 

107. Solieriaceae Họ Rong Kỳ lân 

448 Betaphycus gelatinum (Esper) Doty Rong hồng vân EN A1a,c,d 

449 Eucheuma arnoldii W. v. Bosse 

450 

Kappaphycus cottonii (W. v. Bosse) 

Doty 

Rong hồng vân 

thỏi 

Rong kỳ lân 

EN A1a,c,d 

EN A1a,c,d, 

B1+2b,e 

6. Ngành rong nâu __ Phaeophyta 

108. Sargassaceae Họ rong mơ 

451 Sargassum bicorne J. Agardh Rong mơ hai sừng VU A1c,d+2c 

452 Sargassum congkinhii Phamh. 

Rong mơ công 

kỉnh 

VU A1a,c,d 

453 Sargassum quinhonense Dai Rong mơ quy nhơn VU A1a,c,d 

454 Sargassum tenerrimum J. Agardh Rong mơ mềm EN A1a,c,d 

455 Turbinaria decurrens Bory Rong cùi bắp cạnh VU A1a,c,d+2c 

52


7. NGành nấm - Mycophyta (fungi) 

109. Amanitaceae Họ nấm amanita 

456 

Amanita verna (Lam. ex Fr.) Pers. ex 

Vitt. 

Nấm ñộc tán trắng VU A1a,c 

110. Boletaceae Họ nấm thông 

457 Boletus edulis Bull. ex Fr. Nấm thông VU A1a,c,d 

111. Cantharellaceae Họ nấm kèn 

458 Cantharellus cibarius Fr. Nấm mào gà EN A1a,c, C1 

112. Fistulinaceae Họ nấm lưài bò 

459 Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Nấm lưài bò EN A1a+2c 

113. Hericiaceae Họ Nấm ñầu khỉ 

460 

Hericium erinaceum (Bull. ex Fr.) 

Pers. 

Nấm ñầu khỉ EN A1a,b 

114. Lentinaceae Họ nấm phễu 

461 Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. Nấm phễu có vòng EN A1c, D1 

115. Sarcoscyphaceae 

Họ nấm 

sarcoscypha 

462 Cookeina tricholoma (Mont.)Kuntze Nấm ly hồng thô VU A1a,c 

53

Annex E. System of special-use forests in Viet Nam by 2010 

No Name of forests 

Location 

I. NATIONAL PARKS 

1 Ba Be Bac Kan 

2 Ba Vi 

Ha Tay 

Hoa Binh 

3 Bach Ma 

Thua Thien Hue 

Quang Nam 

4 Bai Tu Long Quang Ninh 

5 Ben En Thanh Hoa 

6 Bidoup-Nui Ba Lam Dong 

7 Bu Gia Map Binh Phuoc 

8 

9 

Cat Ba 

Cat Tien 

Hai Phong 

Dong Nai 

Lam Dong 

Binh Phuoc 

10 Chu Mom Ray Kon Tum 

11 Chu Yang Sin Dak Lak 

12 

13 

Con Dao 

Cuc Phuong 

Ba Ria Vung Tau 

Ninh Binh 

Thanh Hoa 

14 Hoang Lien 

Hoa Binh 

Lao Cai 

Lai Chau 

15 Kon Ka Kinh Gia Lai 

16 Lo Go Sa Mat Tay Ninh 

17 Mui Ca Mau Ca Mau 

18 Nui Chua Ninh Thuan 

19 Phong Nha Ke Bang Quang Binh 

20 Phu Quoc Kien Giang 

21 Phuoc Binh Ninh Thuan 

22 

23 

Pu Mat 

Tam Dao 

Nghe An 

Vinh Phuc 

Thai Nguyen 

Tuyen Quang 

24 Tram Chim Dong Thap 

25 U Minh Ha Ca Mau 

26 U Minh Thuong Kien Giang 

27 Vu Quang Ha Tinh 

28 Xuan Son Phu Tho 

29 Xuan Thuy Nam Dinh 

30 Yok Don 

Dak Lak 

Dak Nong 

II. NATURAL CONSERVATION AREAS 


Location 

II a Natural reserves 

1 Ba Na- Nui Chua Da Nang 

2 An Toan Binh Dinh 

3 Ap Canh Dien Bac Lieu 

4 Bac Huong Hoa Quang Tri 

5 Bac Me Ha Giang 

6 Ban dao Son Tra Da Nang 

7 Bat Dai Son Ha Giang 

8 Ba Na - Nui Chua Quang Nam 

9 

Binh Chau Phuoc 

Ba Ria-Vung Tau 

Buu 

10 Cham Chu Tuyen Quang 

11 Copia Son La 

12 Cu Lao Cham Quang Nam 

13 Dakrong Quang Tri 

14 

Dong Son - Ky 

Quang Ninh 

Thuong 

15 Du Gia Ha Giang 

16 Ea So Dak Lak 

17 Hang Kia - Pa Co Hoa Binh 

18 Hon Ba Khanh Hoa 

19 Huu Lien Lang Son 

20 Kon Cha Rang Gia Lai 

21 Ke Go Ha Tinh 

22 Kim Hy Bac Kan 

23 Krong Trai Phu Yen 

24 Lang Sen Long An 

25 Muong Nhe Dien Bien 

26 Muong Te Lai Chau 

27 Na Hau Yen Bai 

28 Na Hang Tuyen Quang 

29 Nam Ca Dak Lak 

30 Nam Nung Dak Nong 

31 

Ngoc Son - Ngo 

Hoa Binh 

Luong 

32 Ngoc Linh Kon Tum 

33 Ngoc Linh Quang Nam 

34 Nui Ong Binh Thuan 

35 Nui Pia Oac Cao Bang 

36 Phong Dien Thua Thien Hue 

37 Phong Quang Ha Giang 

38 Phu Canh Hoa Binh 

39 Pu Hoat Nghe An 

54


Location 

40 Pu Hu Thanh Hoa 

41 Pu Huong Nghe An 

42 Pu Luong Thanh Hoa 

43 Song Thanh Quang Nam 

44 Sop Cop Son La 

45 Ta Dung Dak Nong 

46 Ta Xua Son La 

47 Ta Kou Binh Thuan 

48 Tay Con Linh Ha Giang 

49 Tay Yen Tu Bac Giang 

50 Than Sa - P.Hoang Thai Nguyen 

51 Thanh Phu Ben Tre 

52 Thuong Tien Hoa Binh 

53 Tien Hai Thai Binh 

54 Van Ban Lao Cai 

55 Van Long Ninh Binh 

56 Vinh Cuu Dong Nai 

57 Xuan Nha Son La 

58 Xuan Lien Thanh Hoa 

II b Species conservation areas 

1 Che Tao Yen Bai 

2 Dak Uy Kon Tum 

3 Ea Ral Dak Lak 

4 Huong Nguyen Thua Thien Hue 

5 Khau Ca Ha Giang 

6 Lung Ngoc Hoang Hau Giang 

7 Nam Xuan Lac Bac Kan 

8 Trap Kso Dak Lak 

9 Trung Khanh Cao Bang 

10 

Vuon Chim Bac 

Bac Lieu 

Lieu 

III. LANDSCAPE PROTECTION AREAS 

1 ATK Dinh Hoa Thai Nguyen 

2 Ban Doc Cao Bang 

3 Can cu Dong Rum Tay Ninh 

4 Can cu Chau Thanh Tay Ninh 

5 Chang Riec Tay Ninh 

6 Chua Thay Ha Tay 

7 Con Son Kiep Bac Hai Duong 

8 Da Ban Tuyen Quang 

9 Den Hung Phu Tho 


Location 

10 Deo Ca- Hon Nua Phu Yen 

11 Muong Phang Dien Bien 

12 Dray Sap-Gia Long Dak Nong 

13 Duong Ho Chi Minh Quang Tri 

14 Go Thap Dong Thap 

15 Ho Lak Dak Lak 

16 Hoa Lu Ninh Binh 

17 Hon Chong Kien Giang 

18 Huong Son Ha Tay 

19 

K9 - Lang Ho Chi 

Ha Tay 

Minh 

20 Kim Binh Tuyen Quang 

21 Lam Son Cao Bang 

22 Nam Hai Van Da Nang 

23 Nui Ba Binh Dinh 

24 Nui Ba Den Tay Ninh 

25 Nui Ba Ra Binh Phuoc 

26 Nui Chung Nghe An 

27 Nui Na Phu Tho 

28 Nui Lang Don Cao Bang 

29 Nui Sam An Giang 

30 Nui Than Dinh Quang Binh 

31 Pac Bo Cao Bang 

32 

Quy Hoa- Ghenh 

Binh Dinh 

Rang 

33 Ru Linh Quang Tri 

34 

Rung cum dao Hon 

Ca Mau 

Khoai 

35 San Chim dam Doi Ca Mau 

36 Tan Trao Tuyen Quang 

37 Thang Hen Cao Bang 

38 Thoai Son An Giang 

39 Tra Su An Giang 

40 Tran Hung Dao Cao Bang 

41 Tuc Dup An Giang 

42 Vat Lai Ha Tay 

43 

Vuon Cam Nguyen 

Binh Dinh 

Hue 

44 Xeo Quyt Dong Thap 

45 Yen Tu Quang Ninh 

46 Yen Lap Phu Tho 

55

Annex F. IBAs, EBAs và FLMECs in Viet Nam 

1. Important Bird Areas (IBA) in Viet Nam 

No. Name of forest 

Code 

IBA 

Indicator 

1 A Yun Pa VN024 A1, A3 

2 An Hai VN016 A1 

3 Ba Tri VN063 A1, A4i 

4 Bac Lieu VN008 A4i 

5 Bach Ma VN026 A1, A2, A3 

6 Bai Boi VN001 A1, A4i 

7 Ban Bung VN027 A1, A3 

8 

Ban 

Lac 

Thi-Xuan 

VN029 

A1, A2, A3, 

A4i 

9 Bi Doup VN036 A1, A2, A3 

10 Binh Dai VN062 A1, A4i, A4iii 

11 Ca Mau VN011 A4i 

12 Can Gio VN051 A1 

13 Cat Loc VN052 A1, A2, A3 

14 Che Tao VN018 A1, A2, A3 

15 Chu M'lanh VN050 A1, A3 

16 Chu Prong VN023 A1, A3 

17 Chu Yang Sin VN030 A1, A2, A3 

18 Chua Hang VN010 A4i 

19 Cong Troi VN056 A1, A2, A3 

20 Cuc Phong VN034 A2, A3 

21 Dak Dam VN045 A1, A2 

22 Dakrong VN031 A1, A2, A3 

23 Dat Mui VN002 A1, A4i 

24 Du Gia VN055 A1, A3 

25 Ea So VN033 A1, A3 

26 Fan Si Pan VN057 A1, A2, A3 

27 Ha Nam VN060 A1, A4i 

28 Ha Tien VN003 A1, A3 

29 Ke Bang VN040 A1, A2, A3 

30 Ke Go VN019 A1, A2, A3 


Code 

IBA 

Indicator 

31 Khe Net VN035 A1, A2, A3 

32 Kien Luong VN005 A1, A4i 

33 Kon Cha Rang VN025 A1, A2, A3 

34 Kon Ka Kinh VN020 A1, A2, A3 

35 Kon Plong VN049 A1, A2, A3 

36 Lang Bian VN037 A1, A2 

37 Lang Sen VN007 A1 

38 Lo Go Xa Mat VN059 A1, A2, A3 

39 Lo Xo VN046 A1, A2 

40 Nam Cat Tien VN053 A1, A2, A3 

41 Nghia Hung VN012 A1, A4i, A4iii 

42 Ngoc Linh VN043 A1, A2, A3 

43 Phong Dien VN021 A1, A2, A3 

44 Phong Nha VN039 A1, A2, A3 

45 Phuoc Binh VN038 A1, A2 

46 Pu Mat VN042 A1, A2, A3 

47 Sinh Long VN028 A3 

48 Tam Dao VN032 A3 

49 Tay Con Linh VN054 A1, A2, A3 

50 Thai Thuy VN014 A1, A4i 

51 Tien Hai VN013 A1, A4i 

52 Tien Lang VN015 A1, A4i 

53 Tra Co VN061 A1 

54 Tra Cu VN009 A4i 

55 Tram Chim VN006 A1, A3, A4i 

56 Truong Son VN041 A1, A2, A3 

57 Tuyen Lam VN048 A1, A2, A3 

58 U Minh Thuong VN004 A1, A3, A4i 

59 Van Ban VN058 A1, A2, A3 

60 Vu Quang VN022 A1, A2, A3 

61 Xuan Thuy VN017 A1, A4i, A4iii 

56


Code 

IBA 

Indicator 

62 Ya Lop VN047 A1, A3 

63 Yok Don VN044 A1, A2, A3 

57

2. Endemic Bird Areas (EBA) in Viet Nam 

No Name Geographical coverage Reference 

1 Annamese 

lowlands 

Southern Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe 

Anh, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and 

Thu Thien Hue and part of adjacent central 

Laos 

2 Da Lat plateau Lam Dong province and adjacent parts of 

Dak Lak and (probably) Ninh Thuan 

provinces 

3 Fan-Si-Pan and 

northern Laos 

(secondary area) 

4 Kontum plateau 

(secondary area) 

5 South 

Vietnamese 

lowlands 

Fan-Si-Pan range in northern Vietnam and 

northern Laos 

The mountainous region in Kontum and 

southern Quang Nam-Da Nang provinces 

The lowlands and foothills of Dong Nai 

and southern Lam Dong provinces, 

probably extending also into Binh Thuan, 

Ninh Tuan and Khanh Hoa provinces. 

http://www.birdlife.org/datazone 

/ebas/index.html?action=EbaHT 

MDetails.asp&sid=139&m=0 













3. The Forests of the Lower Mekong Ecoregion Complex (FLMEC) 

is the name given to the amalgamated unit of four terrestrial ecoregions that fall within the 

scope of WWF Greater Mekong's work. 

No Ecoregion Reference 

1 Greater Annamites http://www.wwfint.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/our_soluti 

ons/greatermekong/greater_annamites_ecoregion/index.cfm 

2 Central Indochina http://www.wwfint.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/our_soluti 

Dry Forests ons/greatermekong/dry_forests_ecoregion/index.cfm 

3 Mekong River http://www.wwfint.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/asia_pacific/our_soluti 

ons/greatermekong/mekong_river/index.cfm 

A-58

Annex G. Method for the identification, management and monitoring of HCV5 

STEP 1: Identifying sub-groups in each village based on their livelihood pattern 

Villages in Viet Nam may be comprised of several sub-groups with different ethnic origins and 

livelihood patterns. Before starting identifying the importance of each value, the interviewers need to 

make a classification of each village in sub-groups according to their livelihood pattern, like in the 

following table. This information can normally be obtained from the village leaders or other key 

informants. 

Table 1. Identification of sub-groups within one village community 

# Ethnic 

group/origin 

Main sources 

of livelihood 

Other key characteristic (i.e. date 

of arrival, location of dwelling, 

etc.) 

Approximate 

# of 

Households 

% of village 

population 

Any group which belongs to Indigenous people groups and/or represents at least 15% of the village 

population should be considered as a significant sub-group and should be interviewed separately – 

either through individual interviews or through group interviews in which care is taken to make sure 

that only one sub-group is represented. 

STEP 2: Identify how each sub-group meets their basic needs 

For each sub-group, the following table is proposed as a guide for individual or group interviews. The 

purpose of this table is to identify how each basic needs of the sub-group is met by different types of 

sources, including the forest and alternative sources such as agriculture, the sea, the market, or aid by 

the government, forest company development program or other third parties like NGOs for example. 

This table was tested in several communities in East Kalimantan with different levels of dependency of 

the forest, and proved to be easy to understand, enabling a good, active participation of the people and a 

good group interaction. About one hour was usually enough to fill the table with a small group of 

participants (5 to 15). Local groups, however, are encouraged to design their own variations of this 

model depending on their habits and local conditions. 

This table can be used in individual interviews. However, conducting such interviews can take a long 

time. It is more efficient in terms of time to use the table with small groups of villagers gathered for a 

group consultation. The ideal size would be between 5 to 15 people. Then this can be repeated with 

different small groups representing different sub-communities depending on ethnic group, livelihood 

pattern, age and gender. 

Regarding gender, it is important to obtain the participation of women, since they usually have a 

different share in the resources use. Women may be more involved in the gathering of particular forest 

products, such as medicines, and may then have a different perspective on how fundamental they are. In 

Viet Nam, mixed gender group discussions may tend to be dominated by men. In order to get an 

appropriate representation of women’s point of view, separate group discussions with women only can 

be organized. 

A-59

Table 2. Fulfillment of basic needs 

Village:…………. Needs 

Sub-Group (based on table 1):………. 

Sources 

Forest Cultivation Purchased Aid Other (ex: sea) Explanation, remarks 

SFE Other 

Food: 

- Carbohydrates 

- animal protein (meat, fish) 

- fruits, vegetables 

Materials: 

- housing 

- boats 

- furniture, household equipment, 

tools… 

- fibers, clothing, dyes 

Fuel 

Medicines 

Animal Feeds 

Water for drinking and daily needs 

Cash income 

Others: 

A-60

Instructions for filling the table 

The table can be reproduced on a large piece of paper and put on the wall of the house of shelter where 

the consultation is taking place. The facilitator then explains the purpose of the consultation and 

proceeds to ask villagers where they derive each of the main resources in the table below, and the 

respective importance of each source. 

For example, the facilitator will start asking the community what is their staple food, i.e. their main 

source of carbohydrate such as rice, potato, yam etc. Then they will ask them where they obtain it. 

Villagers will usually list the most important source first, and then other sources. For each source (for 

example : shifting cultivation), the facilitator then asks the villagers whether they derive all their rice 

from this source (ranking : 4); most of their needs from it (ranking : 3), a significant part of their needs 

(2), only a tiny, marginal part of their needs (ranking : 1), or none at all (0). 

In each cell, the facilitator then indicates its ranking from 0 to 4 as explained below, and list the 

corresponding resources, e.g. “river fish”, “well”, “rice”, “rattan”, etc. The determination of the 

importance of each source for each need is done using the following levels: 

4 - Essential = 100% of a given need is fulfilled by one source (for example, if all the water used by the 

community comes from the forest’s rivers, put “4 (all)” in the “forest” column in the “water” row). 

3 – Critical = more than 50% of a given need is fulfilled by one source 

2 - Important = between about 15% and 50% 

1 - not important = less than 15% 

0 – non existent = 0% 

Not all the cells need to be filled, but at least all the ones with a value above 2 should be filled. 

Likewise, all cells in the column “forest” should be filled to make sure that the importance of the forest 

is carefully evaluated. Depending on the circumstances, the column “forest” can be split in two or not. 

If the group interviewed leaves in the middle of the production forest area under evaluation, then 

everything they derive from the forest may be from the SFE. If the community is near the border of the 

SFE or often moves beyond its borders, then it may be necessary to clarify which percentage of their 

resources they draw from the SFE and which ones from another forest. 

It is important to realize that it is not necessary to ask the communities for percentages. If they are ready 

to give such percentages, they can be used to classify the importance of each resource in the categories 

0 to 4 above. However, it should be remembered that communities are not used to keeping quantified 

records of their needs and resource uses, so percentage given during interviews can be very misleading. 

Rather than trying to obtain figures, which would require months of data collecting, it is recommended 

to base the identification of fundamental resources on the qualitative perception of the people, which 

will be a more adequate indicator. 

The levels 0 to 4 above can easily be obtained during individual or group discussions. The following 

could be used by farmers to qualify the importance of a source to fulfill a particular need, for example 

the following questions can be asked: 

For example, the following questions can be used to qualify the different levels: 

“Do you get all your fruits from the forests or are there other sources?” if the answer is “all” then the 

level is 4 for the forest in the line “fruits” 

If there are other sources, like for example a garden, then the question can be asked as such: 

“Do you get more fruits from the forest or from the garden?” if the answer is “more from the forest”, 

then the level is 3. 

If the answer is “more from the garden” then the following question can be asked : 

“Do you get a significant portion of fruits from the forest or just very little, seldom, and not in an 

important way?”. If the answer is “significant, rather important” then the answer is 2, if the answer is 

“marginal, occasional, or not important” then the answer is 1. 

A-61

Some resources may become critical only at certain times of the year, or during crop failures, as 

replacement. For example, tubers collected in the forest may replace rice during shortages between two 

seasons. If the community qualifies a certain forest resource as marginal, always check that this applies 

all year long and all the time, for example by asking “are there certain times when this becomes more 

important?” If the answer is yes, then the importance of the resource should be moved to 2 (significant) 

and if there is no replacement during that period, it is an HCV. If there are no fruits at all from the forest 

then obviously the level is 0. 

For each need, if the forest is considered as “not important” or “non existent” (value 0 or 1) in fulfilling 

it, then it is not fundamental and will not be qualified as an HCV. 

STEP 3. Identifying fundamental forest functions 

For any need for which the forest has been ranked between 2 and 4 as a source (important, critical or 

essential), the consultation needs to be pursued more in detail by filling the next table below, which will 

establish the readiness of alternatives and whether they are within the reach of the people. 

Changes are important to consider. Communities’ livelihood patterns evolve. If a given resource from 

the forest is being less and less used and more and more replaced by alternative uses, this may 

disqualify a resource as fundamental. This is especially true when people are investing in alternative 

sources, for example if they are developing cash crop plantations that will make them less dependant on 

NTFP for cash needs. This criterion is especially important for ‘ambiguous’ cases where it is difficult to 

decide whether the resource is fundamental or not. 

Questions in the table below will help to find out whether the resource is fundamental or not. It provides 

indicator of whether the community has access to satisfying replacements to the forest resources or not. 

Each resource for which there is no access to satisfying replacement is an HCV. 

Again, this table is proposed as a guide; local groups or researchers may develop their own model to 

suit their needs. 

Table 3. Identifying fundamental forest resources 

Village: XXX………………. Sub-Group: (based on table 1) 

Resource from the forest (e.g. timber for housing Ranking of importance of the forest in meeting 

material, spring water, etc) as in Table 2 

this need (2 to 4), based on Table 2 

If this need cannot be met from the corresponding List the alternatives here. If there are none, this 

forest resource, are there available alternatives? resource may be an HCV. If there are some, 

continue with rest of table. 

Are these alternatives available 

- all year long every year, 

- in sufficient quantities to replace the forest 

resources 

- and in an accessible location by available means of 

transportation 

If yes, can they be obtained for free or would there 

be a cost involved? (for example / cash needed to 

buy and transport a replacement, labor and land 

needed to start new agricultural activities?) 

If there is a cost, is it within the reach of all the 

people (for example do they have enough cash to buy 

it, or do they have enough labor and land to start a 

new agricultural production as replacement?) 

Is there a trend of change in the dependency of the 

people over this resource? For example, are they less 

and less using the rivers for water, or is the collection 

of NTFPs declining? 

If there is a trend of change, are the people investing 

If the answer is no to one of these questions: 

there may be an HCV. If the answer is yes to 

all questions : continue below. 

If the replacement is available for free (for 

example, free medicine at village dispensary), 

this is not an HCV. If there is a cost, continue. 

If no: Fundamental/HCV; If yes: not 

fundamental 

In case of hesitation over the importance of a 

resource, obvious declining trends in the use of 

the forest, affecting the community as a whole 

may disqualify the forest from being 

considered as fundamental, especially if people 

A-62

in substitutes (e.g. developing cash crops, animal 

husbandry, etc.) 

Are they actively trying to protect the existing 

resources? 

Are all the members of the community concerned by 

these trends or just a minority? 

are actively investing in new, alternative 

resources such as agriculture. 

On the contrary, if the community is actively 

protecting the forest resources, then it is an 

HCV. 

IMPORTANT : if the forest is fundamental in needing even only one of the basic needs mentioned in 

the table 2 above, this is sufficient to qualify the corresponding resource as an HCV. 

STEP 4. Identifying sustainable uses of the forest compatible with other HCVS 

As mentioned above, HCVs do not cover excessive use of the forest resources beyond sustainable 

levels, or uses that are not compatible with the maintenance of other HCVs. Such uses of the forests by 

communities, once identified, have to be dealt with under other principles of certification. However, it 

is important to remember that the focus here is the lifestyle of local communities. If a forest usage is 

being made non sustainable by the local communities themselves, this usage is not an HCV – unless the 

communities are expressly hoping to reverse this trend. If the communities are using the resource in a 

sustainable way, but the resource is endangered by external parties, then the use of the forest by the 

local community is still an HCV that needs to be protected from external threats. 

Table 4 - Identifying sustainable uses of the forest compatible with other HCVs 

Village: XXX………………. Sub-Group: (based on table 1) 

Resource from the forest (e.g. timber for housing Ranking of importance of the forest in meeting 

material, spring water, etc) as in Table 2 

this need (2 to 4), based on Table 2 

For how long has this resource being used by the Recent uses of the forest compelled by market 

local community? 

development and not bound by traditional 

regulations may not be sustainable. 

Uses that have existed for at least a generation 

have a chance to be sustainable, unless there has 

been changes in availability and extraction 

Are these resources used in a sustainable manner, i.e. 

do the villagers think that they can continue to sustain 

present use/ harvest level indefinitely? 

- Has there been a declining trend in the availability 

of this resource during the last 5/10 years? (for 

example, hunted animals getting rarer, timber sources 

more far from the village…) 

- Is this change due to external parties, or to the 

activities of the community itself (for example 

increased levels of extraction, conversion of the 

forest…)? 

For how long do they think they can sustain present 

levels before the resource will be exhausted? 

Is the use of the resource by the community 

threatening other HCVs (such as endangered species 

for example?) 

- Is the community hoping, planning or wanting to 

reverse this trend? 

- Are there some rules that are followed by the 

community to regulate the use of this resource? 

- Are the villagers ready to introduce such rules, 

and/or enforce old/existing ones? 

levels (see next questions) 

If the answer is yes, and unless there are 

indications of the contrary from other questions, 

then the resource use is probably sustainable. 

Always use the questions below to confirm. 

If the resource availability is significantly 

declining because of the activities of the 

communities themselves, and/or if they forecast 

its exhaustion, this may not be an HCV, unless 

the communities express the will to change this 

trend. 

Besides consultation with communities, this will 

require discussions with an ecologist. 

If the resource is declining or threatening other 

HCVs but the communities are ready to do 

something to counter this trend, then this may 

still qualify as an HCV. 

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These questions should not always be asked straightforward, the best is to engage in an 

informal discussion. The first indicator in the exhaustion of a resource is not usually the fact 

that higher levels of inputs are needed to sustain the same level of output. For example, 

villagers may have to walk longer distances to find the fruits they need. Other indicators are a 

reduced quality of the resource harvested, for example people are logging trees of smaller and 

smaller diameter. 

Table 5. Management and monitoring of HCV5 

Management Activity 

1. Identify a number of stresses and 

sources of stresses (i.e. threats) to 

identified HCVs 

a. Evaluate the potential harmful 

effects of forest operations on these 

resources. 

b. Identify other threats to the 

people's fundamental forest resources 

2. Identify possible conflicts between 

ecological aspects and social aspects 

of HCVFs 

3. Define strategies to mitigate those 

sources of stresses 

a. Develop maps indicating the 

location of forest resources needed 

to meet their basic needs 

b. Work with communities to 

determine if particular areas should 

be excluded from SFEs operations 

because they harbour a high density 

of fundamental resources. 

c. develop mitigation strategies (i.e. 

Reduced Impact Logging, etc.) to 

minimize the impact of forest 

operations on the peoples forest 

resources. 

d. Develop a set of standard 

operational procedures (SOPs) to 

make sure that staff intervening in 

forest operations are aware of these 

decisions and know what to do to 

implement them. 

e. Design strategies to approach 

other stakeholders involved 

practices threatening forest 

Guidance 

Identification of stresses and sources must be in collaboration 

with communities. 

In areas where logging activities has not occurred, people may 

not be able to identify logging activities as a threat to their 

HCVs. Thus during identification, toolkit users needs to 

discuss with the communities about the possible impact of 

logging activities and other forest management activities 

(roading, cruising, etc.) on the forest resources used by the 

people. 

Conduct consultations with forest operations staff, village 

community members or other relevant sources (e.g. academic, 

government) 

Conflicts should be identified with local communities. 

Identify the stakeholders involved directly (those who perform 

the threatening activities) and those involved indirectly (those 

who regulate, finance or influence those activities). 

Map development should be in collaboration with location 

people. These maps should be developed prior to any 

intervention in a forest area. It is important to realize that they 

will likely cover much more than enclave areas. The maps 

should indicate key areas needed by the people to access or 

conserve certain resources, and individual trees of particular 

importance. 

The strategies should as much as possible be consistent with 

traditional rules and institutions. If possible, the local 

government should be made to endorse such decisions to make 

sure that they will be responsible to protecting these areas too 

against other threats as mentioned just before. 

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Management Activity 

resources and reach agreements 

leading to a significant reduction of 

the threats to those resources. 

4. Develop a conflict resolution 

mechanism for cases when 

community members think that their 

resources have been damaged or 

when mutually agreed conservation 

areas or rules are violated. 

It should include: 

• representatives of the 

community and the company in 

case of a conflict. 

• standard compensation 

procedures and amounts for 

cases that are likely to occur (i.e. 

damage to a fruit tree, a honey 

tree, etc.) 

• arbitration mechanisms and 

authorities. 

5. If necessary, develop a strategy 

and rules for community 

participation in the conservation of 

other identified HCVs. 

Guidance 

The conflict resolution mechanism should be developed with 

local communities. Rules for conflict resolutions should be 

written down, signed by representatives of both parties if 

possible. 

Records should be kept regarding all conflicts and steps taken to 

solve them. 

An environmental awareness program should be developed and 

implemented to help local communities identify the stresses 

and sources of other identified HCVs. Guidance and support 

from NGOs and academics may be necessary to develop 

agreements with local communities. 

Monitoring Activity 

1. Determine the current condition 

of high conservation values 

identified and perceptions of 

trends in their conditions 

(including changes from the past 

to the present and likely future 

trends) 

Guidance 

This can be accomplished by asking community members to rank 

the past state (15-20 years ago) present state, and future health (15- 

20 years from now) of each HCV or forest resource from very 

good, good, poor or very poor. 

Specific ( if possible measurable indicators) of the State of the HCV 

or forest resource should be developed to define thresholds of "Very 

good, etc." for each of these indicators. 

The ranking (from Very Good to Very Poor) is done based on 

these indicators. These results can be presented in tables, as in the 

following examples: 

Resource: River 

Parameter Indicator 

Depth / flow "number of months a year during which the 

river can accommodate a 20-CV-engine boat". 

Ranking Level 

Very Good All year long (12 months) 

Good Not all year long (more than 3 months, less 

than 12 months) 

Poor 

3 months or less 

Very Poor Never 

Resource: Fruits 

Parameter Indicators 

Quantity of Time of walk needed from the village to 

fruits harvest fruits 

Ranking Level 

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Monitoring Activity 

Guidance 

Very Good 

Good 

Poor 

Very Poor 

less than 30 minutes 

30 – 60 minutes 

1 – 2 hours 

More than 2 hours or no fruits at all 

2. Develop and implement a 

participatory monitoring plan 

including the following steps: 

a. Definition of the parameters to 

be monitored for each HCV 

b. Develop a participatory 

monitoring program (including 

indicators and methodology) 

c. With local communities, 

identify a person or a small team 

of community members to be 

responsible for implementing the 

monitoring program. 

d. Analyze and socialize results of 

monitoring 

3. Incorporate the results of 

monitoring to revise and adjust 

conservation strategies, 

Other indicators can be developed by each local community to 

monitor the condition of their priority resource systems. In all 

cases, these indicators must be simple enough so that they can be 

measured by the community members themselves. This will 

enable the people to participate in the monitoring and lead to a 

better appropriation and use of the results. 

For example, river depth can be measured using a simple stick 

marked with divisions of height, which can be left in a place visible 

by all, with measurements taken at regular intervals, always at the 

same time of the day, by one member of the community and then 

marked on a board visible by all. Turbidity can be measured using a 

simple stick marked with centimeter divisions, and terminated by a 

small marble. The depth at which the marble is not visible anymore is 

an indicator of turbidity. 

This should be conducted based on the results of consultations 

with local communities. Additional consultations with community 

members, academics or relevant NGOs can help the company 

determine acceptable indicators. 

For each indicator, there should be a simple methodology to 

measure it at defined intervals and time periods appropriate to the 

indicator, taken into account natural seasonal variations. 

Consistency of the method is key. The method should be simple 

enough and not too demanding in terms of work to be sustained 

over a long time. 

Discuss the proposed methodology with community members to 

validate its feasibility. 

Follow-up should occur to ensure proper implementation of the 

monitoring program at regular appropriate intervals 

Develop a method to feed-back the results to the community. An 

annual or semi-annual meeting is a good idea. 

Write a report on the results and feed it back to forest 

management. In case the monitoring indicates a degradation of 

forest resources, strategies need to be designed to protect the 

resource. 

Consultative meetings should be conducted once a year to: 

• present and discuss the results of participatory monitoring 

• develop conservation strategies if HCVs are threatened 

• evaluate the effectiveness of implemented conservation 

strategies 

• evaluate the conflict resolution mechanisms 

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Annex H. Maps 

Map 1. Special-use forests in Viet Nam 

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Map 2. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Viet Nam 

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Map 3. HCVF present within forests of Ha Nung SFE 

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Vietnam High Conservation Value Forest Toolkit - HCV Resource ...

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