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services and supervision G_rant program, child care and Development Fund), u.s. Department of Housing and urban Development (federal ' Enterprise and Empowerment Zones), etc. - Funds are also available from the state of pennsylvania (child care works, Youth Development Fund of the Department of community and Economic Development). - These funds are not used to their fullest extent. This is because their availability is not widely known; many providers are unaccustomed and inexperienced in applying for such fundl; and many funds are categorical, targeted, and can only be used by specific organizatiols for specific ffior"r. Affordability ' ' While some subsidies for low-income families exist, they are not sufficient for the need. Parent-q ar9 navins approximarely $2,00b priy.* for rhe firsr child, which is l4.3vo of an averagé entry salary. even beÞs families receiving subsidies- paid an average of $ i , I I 0 per year for only one child (many have more than one child). Low-income families^face several special difficulties affording nonschoolhour services, including: - The working poor ( I 85zo -235vo of federal poverty guidelines) are provided government subsidies only after families below lg5% of poveny are served; therefore, they have no stable source ofsubsidized suppôrt for nonschool-hour programming. - In the future, the commonwealth plans to recommend only licensed or regulated services to p¿rents receiving subsidies, which reþresent a small percentage of the available services. while this policy, if ènacted, would force the use of presumably higher quality servióes, *iit tt er" be enough such services available that are convenient enough for all low-income families to access? - Eligibility for subsidies varies with employment status, meaning that some low-income families are on-off-and-on-agâin in eligibiiity for súbsidies, which represents a problem for both pareñt and age-ncy. - Public Schools ' The¡ole-of public schools is minimal. Generally, they do not operaæ regular, daily nonschool-hour programs (although othei agencies may operate programs in public schools), and there is little cóordination between nonschool-hour Programs, even those that emphasize academic assistance and enrichment, and the schools in terms of schoól workn homework, or the support of children with individual academic needs (although this is more
likely to occur when nonschool-hour programs are located in school buildings). While-some parents want nonschool-hour programs in their neighbor_ hood (if schoolsare distant) or prefer their ðhildren ha_ve a change of scene during the day, the lack of school involvement seems to waste theirgeographic distribution, availability of space, financiá añd - administrative infrastructure, and the potential to coordinate nonschool-hour academic Àupport and enrichment with school cunicula and seive the academic needs of individual children. At a mini_ mum, greater use of public and private school facilities and coordination of acãdemic programs seems needed (the federal 2lst Century Community Learning Centers funding resource is ã start). Administration and Management . Administrativelyr local programs are managed and administered at a level roughly consistent with their averagesize (approximat-ely 30 children). Specifically: - 9nly half of the programs (52Vo) had a separate budget for nonschool-hour services, presum_ ably because such care was provided in a larger context of childcare services. - Approximately half (55To) have financial records reviewed by an independent accountant, internal financial manager, board of directors, and/or other reviewer. - Most directors (827o) are accountable to a staff supervisor or agency executive director, but only 8Vo reportto a board of directors. - The reported existing levels of management would likely need to be increased if the programs are expanded or a more integrated system of services is adopted. It is recommended thal a top-level Contmission of govenunenr, professional and business leaders be assentbled io"creote a plan ilnt enables cltíldren S to 12 years of age and tlrcít parents to access as needed a contprehensive, coortlinøted syste m of n o nscl¿ool-lt o u r s ervìc e s.
Page 1 and 2: ExPAt{Drf{c THE PnoMrsE: An AcENDA
Page 3 and 4: Tnnrp or CoNTENTs Ol't,;Rl,ni\\',\N
Page 5 and 6: committee and rhe Forbes Fund that
Page 7 and 8: Low-income narents and children. Th
Page 9 and 10: of the agencies surveyed said suffi
Page 11 and 12: _:.;;É:,: ;... .l;;..t.. t-1. ii.r
Page 13 and 14: Low-income children are no longer_s
Page 15 and 16: - Enrichment activities, including
Page 17: 1991, programs in Allegheny County
Page 21 and 22: ' The agenda should emphasize creat
Page 23 and 24: I Nonschool-Hour Programs Community
Page 25 and 26: MAP 1: Loc¿,uon or Nonscuool-Houn
Page 27 and 28: MAP 3: Nuwan or Scuool Acn Csu.nnBn
Page 29 and 30: Goffin, S.G. & Lombardi, J. (1988).
Page 31: U.S. Departments of Education and J

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