Module 7 - IAFF

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IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© Student Text • Rest whenever possible in shade or cool area • Wear only what is necessary • Monitor yourself and others • Evaluation by EMS Symptoms of Heat Stroke Heat stroke is a true medical emergency and a life-threatening condition. It is a result of unrecognized and untreated heat exhaustion. • Red, hot, dry skin—no sweating • Strong, rapid pulse • Significant change in level of consciousness and possible coma • Core body temperatures of >104.5° F • Treatment: • Remove from area, remove impermeable clothing • EMS evaluation and treatment immediately Preventing Heat Related Stress A pre-donning physical evaluation and proper hydration are the best methods to ensure that heat related stresses do not compromise an emergency operation. Realistic work times, close supervision, and monitoring will help maintain the health status of entry personnel. You can find recommended inclusion criteria for entry personnel in NFPA 471. These criteria, which are summarized below, will help prevent personnel whose systems are already stressed from enduring the extreme stresses of chemical protective clothing. Remember, however, that every department has its own standards, which may differ from NFPA. NFPA 471 recommends that responders who are donning protective clothing have: • Blood pressure ≤150/90 • A pulse ≤ 70% of maximum heart rate (220 minus age) • A respiratory rate ≤ 24/minute • An oral temperature between 97°F and 99.5°F., or • A core temperature between 98°F and 100.5°F • A normal EKG (no new dysrhythmias) • No open sores, large rashes or significant sunburn 7-32 Module 7: Personal Protective Equipment
Student Text IAFF Training for Hazardous Materials: Technician© • A good mental status (no slurred speech, weakness) • No nausea, vomiting, fever, upper respiratory infection, heat illness, diarrhea or heavy alcohol intake in past 72 hours • No alcohol in past six hours • No new prescription drugs in past two weeks and no “over-the-counter” cold/flu remedies in past 72 hours (unless medically cleared through local medical control) • No pregnancy Cooling devices can be used to help reduce heat build-up in impermeable clothing. Air cooling systems use ambient temperature or cooled air supplied by a hoseline into the impermeable suit. Ice cooled systems use vests around the torso filled with ice to help remove heat from the user. Water cooled systems are similar to ice systems, but use water filled vests to assist in heat transfer. Remember that these systems will add weight. The additional weight and associated decrease in mobility may cause increased stress and heat production. Recent information shows that these types of systems may not cool or reduce core temperatures, but may instead give the user a cooling sensation on the surface. This feeling may give the user a false sense of well-being. In the initial phases of hazardous material response, cooling systems were very popular, but many teams have discontinued their use because of the increased weight, unknown efficiency, increased cost and increased maintenance. The work activity duration may also be limited by the capacity of the cooling system. Cold Related Stress Heat stress is a very serious concern to responders, but thermal stresses can be caused by cold as well. In many areas of North America, the fall and winter seasons can bring extremely low temperatures. Unfortunately, hazardous materials incidents occur in all types of weather. Cold weather also causes additional problems for responders, including more slip hazards and access problems. Chemical protective clothing is usually not a good insulator. Although it does prevent your body from using normal Module 7: Personal Protective Equipment 7-33
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