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Support Vector Machines - The Auton Lab

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Maximize<br />

QP with Quintic basis functions<br />

We must do R 2 /2 dot products R R to get this<br />

matrix ready.<br />

∑αk<br />

+ ∑∑αkαlQ<br />

where Q ( ( ). ( ))<br />

kl<br />

kl<br />

= yk<br />

yl<br />

Φ xk<br />

Φ xl<br />

In 100-d, each k = 1dot product k = 1now l=<br />

1 needs 103<br />

operations instead of 75 million<br />

R<br />

But there are still worrying things lurking away.<br />

Subject to these<br />

What are they? 0 ≤ α k<br />

≤ C ∀k<br />

∑ α k<br />

y k<br />

= 0<br />

constraints:<br />

•<strong>The</strong> fear of overfitting kwith = 1 this enormous<br />

number of terms<br />

<strong>The</strong>n define:<br />

•<strong>The</strong> evaluation phase (doing a set of<br />

predictions on a test set) will be very<br />

expensive (why?)<br />

w<br />

=<br />

k s.t.<br />

∑<br />

α k<br />

α<br />

y k k<br />

> 0<br />

Φ ( x<br />

b = y<br />

K<br />

(1 − ε<br />

K<br />

) − x<br />

K<br />

. w<br />

where K = arg max α<br />

k<br />

k<br />

)<br />

K<br />

k<br />

<strong>The</strong>n classify with:<br />

f(x,w,b) = sign(w. φ(x) -b)<br />

Copyright © 2001, 2003, Andrew W. Moore <strong>Support</strong> <strong>Vector</strong> <strong>Machines</strong>: Slide 55<br />

Maximize<br />

QP with Quintic basis functions<br />

We must do R 2 /2 dot products R R to get this<br />

matrix ready.<br />

∑αk<br />

+ ∑∑αkαlQ<br />

where Q ( ( ). ( ))<br />

kl<br />

kl<br />

= yk<br />

yl<br />

Φ xk<br />

Φ xl<br />

In 100-d, each k = 1dot product k = 1now l=<br />

1 needs 103<br />

<strong>The</strong> use of Maximum Margin<br />

operations instead of 75 million<br />

magically makes this not a<br />

problem R<br />

But there are still worrying things lurking away.<br />

Subject to these<br />

What are they? 0 ≤ α k<br />

≤ C ∀k<br />

∑ α k<br />

y k<br />

= 0<br />

constraints:<br />

•<strong>The</strong> fear of overfitting kwith = 1 this enormous<br />

number of terms<br />

<strong>The</strong>n define:<br />

•<strong>The</strong> evaluation phase (doing a set of<br />

predictions on a test set) will be very<br />

expensive (why?)<br />

w<br />

=<br />

k s.t.<br />

∑<br />

α k<br />

α<br />

y k k<br />

> 0<br />

Φ ( x<br />

b = y<br />

K<br />

(1 − ε<br />

K<br />

) − x<br />

K<br />

. w<br />

where K = arg max α<br />

k<br />

k<br />

)<br />

K<br />

k<br />

Because each w. φ(x) (see below)<br />

needs 75 million operations. What<br />

can be done?<br />

<strong>The</strong>n classify with:<br />

f(x,w,b) = sign(w. φ(x) -b)<br />

Copyright © 2001, 2003, Andrew W. Moore <strong>Support</strong> <strong>Vector</strong> <strong>Machines</strong>: Slide 56<br />

28

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