Handbook Part 2 - International Mycological Association

PS1PS6 - 0379
A polythetic approach to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Hypoxyloideae
M Stadler 1, J Fournie r2, T Læssøe 3, Y Asakawa 4, DN Quang 4
1 InterMed Discovery GmbH, Dortmund, Germany, 2 Las Muros, Rimont, France, 3 Univ. Copenhagen, Inst. of Biology,
Dept. Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4Tokushima Bunri University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Tokushima, Japan
The Hypoxyloideae (Xylariaceae with Nodulisporium-like anamorphs) have been revealed to be a rather homogenous
group by a combination of morphological studies on their teleomorphs and anamorphs, HPLC profiling using diode
array and mass spectrometric detection, and analyses of their ribosomal gene sequences [1-4]. The distribution of
chemical types of pigments was also found basically in agreement with the current concept based on an
independent study using morphological and molecular data (?-actin and ?-tubulin sequences) that recently resulted
in the recognition of Annulohypoxylon [5]. This work also emphasised the status of Daldinia as a monophyletic group
that eventually arose from Hypoxylon-like ancestors.
Currently, we are focussing on the affinities of some small taxon groups, such as Pyrenomyxa and Phylacia, whose
teleomorphs show deviations from the “Xylariaceae prototype” [5], or on tropical problem taxa in the Hypoxyloideae.
According to unpublished results, some tropical members of Hypoxylon with massive stromata appear more closely
related to Daldinia, and we also established their affinities to certain anamorphic endophytic Nodulisporium spp.
A polyphasic approach appears suited best for evaluation of the biological diversity of, e.g., some highly variable
species complexes of Daldinia and Hypoxylon in the tropics, since old type specimens collected in the 18th and 19th
century can be related to recently collected ones by comparing their specific secondary metabolite fingerprints; the
recently collected ones may subsequently be used for studies in their anamorphic and molecular characteristics.
Despite HPLC fingerprinting alone cannot solve all imminent questions in the phylogeny and taxonomy of these fungi,
this technique constitutes an important complementary tool to provide additional informative characters. Soon, HPLC
profiling of cultures in conjunction with molecular and morphological data may even shed some further light on the
phylogeny of the order Xylariales.
[1] M. Stadler et al. (2004) Mycol. Res. 108: 239-256
[2] D. N. Quang et al. (2005) Phytochemistry 65: 797-809.
[3] V. Hellwig et al. (2005) Mycol. Progr. 4: 39-54.
[4] D. Triebel et al. (2005) Nova Hedw. 80(1-2): 25-43.
[5] H.-M. Hsieh et al. (2005) Mycologia 97: 844-865
[6] M. Stadler et al.. (2005) Mycologia 97(5): 1129-1139
0800-1000
PROFFERED SESSION 2 - Medical Mycology
PS2PS1 - 0054
Evaluation of the effects of incubation temperature and pH on the antifungal susceptibility test against
candida albicans PTCC 5027 Strain
H. Zarrinkafsh 1 , M.H. Yadegari 2 , M. Riazipoor 3, Z. Farahnejad 2 , F.Katiraee 2 , Z. Nasrollahi 2
1 Department of Patobiology Yazd medical sciences University; 2 Department of Mycology Tarbiat Modares University;
3 Department of Microbiology Baghiatallah University,Iran
Candidiasis, as an opportunistic infection, is created by the Candida species.Although Candida albicans is classified
in the body as endogen flora, it plays an important role in creating Candida related diseases. Candida infections
particularly in pregnant women, diabetic mellitus and the patients using multiple antibiotics and contraceptive drugs,
demonstrates high resistance against the conventional medication. On the other hand, the recurrent Candida
infections disintegrates the long-term process of treatment in majority of the patients. At the present research, which
is aiming at determining the optimum conditions in the Antifungal susceptibility testing for Fluconazole, Clotrimazole
and ketoconazole before the retreatment of the patients. Strain of Candida albicans PTCC 5027 (Persian type culture
collection) and powder of Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and ketoconazole, were used at two pH 7.2 and 5.5, and at two
temperature 35ºC and 27ºC. The Microdilution broth test technique was performed to do this. The RPMI 1640 medium
within the 96 well microplates was used to determine the MIC50 , MIC90 and MFC this drugs. The obtained MIC50,
MIC90 and MFC at these conditions (T=35ºC and pH=7.2) for Fluconazole were 0. 25 to 1 µg/ml, 1 to 4 µg/ml and 256
to ?1024 respectively, and for Clotrimazole were 0.125 to 1 µg/ml, 1 to 8 µg/ml, 128 to 512 µg/ml respectively,and for
ketoconazole were 0. 25 to 1 µg/ml, 1 to 4 µg/ml, 64 to ?512 µg/ml, respectively. The obtained results confirmed that
the temperature of 35ºC and pH 7.2 in comparison to the other conditions, produced better treatment outcomes.
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