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Colofon IMA Fungus Compiled by the International Mycological Association for the world’s mycologists. Scope: All aspects of pure and applied mycological research and news. Aims: To be the flagship journal of the International Mycological Association. IMA FUNGUS is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access, full colour, fast-track journal. Frequency: Published twice per year (June and December). Articles are published online with final pagination as soon as they have been accepted and edited. ISSN E-ISSN 2210-6340 (print) 2210-6359 (online) Websites: www. imafungus.org www.ima-mycology.org E-mail: d.hawksworth@nhm.ac.uk Volume 2 · No. 2 · December 2011 Cover: Crushed, bi-walled spore of Pacispora franciscana (ZT Myc) extracted from the type locality from mycorrhizospheric soil under an olive tree close to the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi (Umbria, Italy). The inner, germinal wall of the brilliant white spore stains in Melzer’s reagent. Photo Fritz Oehl. EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Prof. dr D.L. Hawksworth CBE, Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; E-mail: d.hawksworth@nhm.ac.uk Layout Editors M.J. van den Hoeven-Verweij & M. Vermaas, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; E-mail: m.verweij@cbs.knaw.nl Associate Editors Dr T.V. Andrianova, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkivska Street 2, Kiev, MSP-1, 01601, Ukraine; E-mail: tand@darwin.relc.com Prof. dr D. Begerow, Lehrstuhl für Evolution und Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Gebäude ND 44780, Bochum, Germany; E-mail: dominik.begerow@rub.de Dr S. Cantrell, Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Centre, 455 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; E-mail: scantrel@suagm.edu Prof. dr D. Carter, Discipline of Microbiology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Building G08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-mail: d.carter@mmb.usyd.edu.au Prof. dr P.W. Crous, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; E- mail: p.crous@cbs.knaw.nl Prof. dr J. Dianese, Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, D.F., Brasil; E-mail: jcarmine@unb.br Dr P.S. Dyer, School of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; E-mail: paul.dyer@nottingham.ac.uk Dr M. Gryzenhout, Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; E-mail: Gryzenhoutm@ufs.ac.za Prof. dr L. Guzman-Davalos, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara, A.P. 1-139 Zapopan, 45101, México; E-mail: lguzman@cucba.udg.mx Dr K. Hansen, Kryptogambotanik Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; E-mail: karen. hansen@nrm.se Prof. dr K.D. Hyde, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Chiang Rai, Thailand; E-mail: kdhyde3@gmail. com Prof. dr L. Lange, Vice Dean, The Faculties of Engineering, Science and Medicine, Aalborg University; Director of Campus, Copenhagen Institute of Technology (CIT), Lautrupvang 15, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark; E-mail: lla@adm.aau. dk Prof. dr L. Manoch, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; E-mail: agrlkm@ku.ac.th Prof. dr W. Meyer, Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory, CIDM, ICPMR, Level 3, Room 3114A, Westmead Hospital, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; E-mail: w.meyer@usyd.edu.au Dr D. Minter, CABI Bioservices, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK; E-mail: d.minter@cabi.org Dr L. Norvell, Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, LLC, 6720 NW Skyline Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309, USA; E-mail: llnorvell@pnw-ms.com Dr G. Okada, Microbe Division / Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; E-mail: okada@jcm.riken.jp Prof. dr N. Read, Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Rutherford Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK; E-mail: nick@fungalcell.org Prof. dr K.A. Seifert, Research Scientist / Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Bldg, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A OC6, Canada; E-mail: seifertk@agr.gc.ca Prof. dr J.W. Taylor, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-mail: jtaylor@berkeley.edu Prof. dr M.J. Wingfield, Forestry and Agricultural Research Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; E-mail: mike.wingfield@fabi.up.ac.za Prof. dr W.-Y. Zhuang, Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; E-mail: zhuangwy@sun.im.ac.cn i m a f U N G U S
ONE FUNGUS ONE NAME: A PLANT PATHOLOGIST’S VIEW Some eight months have gone by since the significant “One fungus = One name” (1F=1N) symposium was held at the historic home of the Netherland’s Academy of Science, Trippenhuis, in Amsterdam. This period might well go down in history as amongst the most traumatic, exciting, and important in the history of fungal taxonomy. The outcomes will undoubtedly influence the field and the many associated disciplines that rely upon it for decades, if not posterity. I had the privilege of being invited to present one of the introductory lectures at the 1F=1N symposium. Given the level of tension concerning the topic, I am not sure that I was particularly excited about doing so at the time. Yet as a plant pathologist and academic, I have had to grapple with the confusing issue of fungi having more than one name, sometimes even different species names, for most of my career. Like many other plant pathologists, in my case working on trees, I have been confronted by farmers and foresters who have been frustrated, sometimes irritated, by the confusing names that they have had to contend with, while attempting to reduce the impact of plant diseases. Likewise, students in classes have been baffled by the complexities surrounding the dual nomenclature linked to anamorph/teleomorph connections and further complicated by pleomorphism in the asexual morphs of fungi. After many years of debate, often heated, the 1F=1N symposium in Amsterdam provided us with a perfect forum to debate the possibility of abandoning the dual nomenclature for the fungi. The turning point towards abandoning Article 59 and adopting a single name nomenclature arose as a result of DNA sequence data becoming increasingly available to mycologists. Effectively the “rules” dictated by the Code became restrictive, often redundant. Out of sheer frustration, some plant pathologists (see Crous et al. 2006) found it necessary to sidestep these regulations in order to present a meaningful taxonomy for important agents of plant disease. As John Taylor, the opening speaker at the 1F=1N symposium aptly stated, in seeking to abandon the dual nomenclature for fungi, we were in reality dealing with a situation where the proverbial “horse had already bolted” (Taylor 2011). My presentation followed Johns’ and, while also expounding on the inevitable demise of a dual nomenclature, as a plant pathologist and practitioner using mycology, my questions focussed mostly not on 1F=1N, but the issue of WHICH NAME we might most effectively use. The IF=1N symposium presented contradictory views regarding the opportunities and the hazards of abandoning a dual nomenclature for the fungi. The debates were lively, sometimes heated, and the event culminated in the drafting of the Amsterdam Declaration later published in this journal (Hawksworth et al. 2011). It also precipitated the publication of a contrary view (Gams et al. 2011), which also had a large number of supporters. But most importantly, I believe that these debates provided the material that was essential for the all-important deliberations that would follow during discussions regarding the next edition of the Code at the International Botanical Congress that was to follow in Melbourne in July. The watershed discussions in Melbourne regarding the future of the taxonomy of the fungi are over. And the outcomes Mike Wingfield entering the rooms of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in Amsterdam for the One Fungus = One Name symposium on 19–20 April 2011. EDITORIAL volume 2 · no. 2 (39)
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Molecular identification and detect
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Editorial One Fungus One Name: a pl
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