Glossary and Abbreviations - Unido

Jam thermometers
This is a special thermometer that has readings up to 120 o C and is strengthened to
withstand sudden changes in temperature. It is inserted into boiling jam and the reading is
used to determine when to stop boiling (Section 4.6). There are no spare parts or
maintenance required. The thermometer should be cleaned by wiping it with a cloth when
cool, and rinsing it in clean water. It should be stored in its protective casing.
Label applicators
A platform holds a stack of labels below an opening in the table, with the top label level with
the surface. Glue is applied to the label and a round container is rolled over the opening and
the label is picked up and pressed onto the container. The guide rails ensure that the label is
applied in the same position on every container. There is no maintenance and it should be
wiped clean with a damp cloth after use.
Laboratory glassware/equipment
The laboratory equipment includes glass beakers, flasks and a burette. Glassware should
be cleaned with detergent and bottle brushes, rinsed with clean water and then rinsed
again with distilled water (distilled water can be obtained from vehicle servicing and spares
companies, where it is used to top up batteries). There are no routine maintenance or
spares required.
Mills
Hammer mills have a chamber that is lined with a
toughened steel beater bars (or a ‘breaker plate’)
with an interchangeable screen at the base. A highspeed
rotor inside the chamber is fitted with
swinging hammers made from hardened steel,
which hit dried root crops at high speed and throw
the pieces against the beater bars. They then
bounce back into the path of the hammers and are
disintegrated. The fineness of the flour is controlled
by the size of the holes in the screen (smaller holes
produce finer flour). If a screen with larger holes is
used, the hammers produce fine particles, but larger
particles also pass through the screen to produce
coarser and darker flour. The size of holes in the
screen also determines the output from the mill
(larger holes l give a higher output).
Fig. 5.14 Hammer mill
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