Glossary and Abbreviations - Unido

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Jam thermometers This is a special thermometer that has readings up to 120 o C and is strengthened to withstand sudden changes in temperature. It is inserted into boiling jam and the reading is used to determine when to stop boiling (Section 4.6). There are no spare parts or maintenance required. The thermometer should be cleaned by wiping it with a cloth when cool, and rinsing it in clean water. It should be stored in its protective casing. Label applicators A platform holds a stack of labels below an opening in the table, with the top label level with the surface. Glue is applied to the label and a round container is rolled over the opening and the label is picked up and pressed onto the container. The guide rails ensure that the label is applied in the same position on every container. There is no maintenance and it should be wiped clean with a damp cloth after use. Laboratory glassware/equipment The laboratory equipment includes glass beakers, flasks and a burette. Glassware should be cleaned with detergent and bottle brushes, rinsed with clean water and then rinsed again with distilled water (distilled water can be obtained from vehicle servicing and spares companies, where it is used to top up batteries). There are no routine maintenance or spares required. Mills Hammer mills have a chamber that is lined with a toughened steel beater bars (or a ‘breaker plate’) with an interchangeable screen at the base. A highspeed rotor inside the chamber is fitted with swinging hammers made from hardened steel, which hit dried root crops at high speed and throw the pieces against the beater bars. They then bounce back into the path of the hammers and are disintegrated. The fineness of the flour is controlled by the size of the holes in the screen (smaller holes produce finer flour). If a screen with larger holes is used, the hammers produce fine particles, but larger particles also pass through the screen to produce coarser and darker flour. The size of holes in the screen also determines the output from the mill (larger holes l give a higher output). Fig. 5.14 Hammer mill 59
The following details of maintenance of mills were provided by Patrick Tibasiimwa and were first published in ‘Opportunities in Milling and Baking’, by P. Fellows and B. Axtell, CTA, 2003 (Annex A). A summary of maintenance requirements is given in Table 5.3 Table 5.3 Details of routine mill maintenance Daily Maintenance Weekly maintenance Monthly maintenance Mechanical check and grease bearings, replace if faulty check pulley wheels for cracks or chips and replace if necessary to avoid damaging belts. check bolts & nuts for tightness. check the oil level in diesel engines and top up with the correct oil if required. Electrical clean flour dust off motors and other electrical equipment when a machine is not in use, make sure that power is switched off at the mains and that equipment has not been left switched on. This is very important when power cuts occur, because when power returns a machine that has been left on can injure an operator or cause a fire. Housekeeping store tools and equipment in pre-determined places to help find them next time and to help notice when they have gone missing. always keep walkways clear of tools and equipment clean diesel engine cooling fins every day to prevent dust settling and causing the engine to overheat and eventually seize when re-fuelling diesel engines, pour the fuel through a filter to prevent rust deposits in the fuel drum getting mixed with the fuel and damaging the engine clean the machinery and floor check hammers for wear and replace if necessary check the shaft (especially if locally manufactured machines are not tested for strength or alignment) check that locking nuts on the shaft are tight. check that fan bolts and nuts have not loosened as the fan then becomes very dangerous. check the bearing mountings as this area is prone to cracking check the engine oil and oil filter on diesel engines and change them every 160 working hours. Change the fuel filter every 320 working hours. check the body casting and welds for cracks tighten floor nuts and look for any cracks in the mill foundation check the fan key and make sure that the fan is a slide fit on the shaft for easy removal. If the blades are worn always replace with the correct thickness of steel and then check for balance check that cables are secured and there is no obvious sign of insulation breakdown check the acid level in batteries that are used to start diesel engines. Keep the terminals clean. If a hammer mill fails to grind efficiently the hammers may be badly worn, and they should be first turned around to use the second edge (Fig. 5.14). When this has worn the hammers 60
Page 1 and 2:
UNIDO TECHNOLOGY MANUAL Small-scale
Page 3 and 4:
Copyright © 2004 by the United Nat
Page 5 and 6:
Hand in hand with good manufacturin
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Page Preface How to use th
Page 10 and 11: 1 Introduction Root crops and tuber
Page 12: Checklist 1 Can you answer these qu
Page 15 and 16: educing the likelihood of accidents
Page 17 and 18: contamination at the UNBS, Makerere
Page 19 and 20: Checklist 2 Can you answer these qu
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 3.1. Monthly sales chart Sales
Page 23 and 24: Worked example 3: Calculating the y
Page 25 and 26: It is preferable wherever possible,
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.3. Basic rules for hygiene,
Page 29 and 30: Table 3.4. Types of records for a s
Page 32 and 33: 4 Products and Production Methods T
Page 34 and 35: Dried chips Drying preserves root c
Page 36 and 37: Flours Root crop flours are made by
Page 38 and 39: Wet fermentation The process uses a
Page 40 and 41: Mandazi This is a fried product mad
Page 42 and 43: Table 4.9. Process for sweet potato
Page 44: Checklist 4 Can you answer these qu
Page 47 and 48: Packing tables None None After use
Page 49 and 50: Bagging equipment Flours are filled
Page 51 and 52: Worked example 7: Fill weight adjus
Page 53 and 54: Bottle/jar washers The time consumi
Page 55 and 56: Diesel engines The engines are wate
Page 57 and 58: dryers cannot be used at night. To
Page 59: Heat sealers These machines simulta
Page 63 and 64: is repeated several times and the c
Page 65 and 66: Table 5.6. Checking for faults in m
Page 67 and 68: Presses Manual presses are used to
Page 69 and 70: Maintenance Fitting a new needle: 1
Page 71 and 72: Scales Small scales (0-2kg) have be
Page 74 and 75: 6 Quality Assurance All root crop a
Page 76 and 77: Processing, packaging and storage V
Page 78: Checklist 6 Can you answer the foll
Page 81 and 82: In summary the registration of a mi
Page 83 and 84: This is also a complex area, which
Page 86 and 87: Annex A: Sources of further informa
Page 88 and 89: References and further reading Root
Page 90: Websites related to quality assuran
show all

Glossary and Abbreviations - Unido

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?