Untitled - CGIAR Impact

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EXPLORING GAP BETWEEN POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL YIELDS 17 Table 10. Economics of a management-package trial in rainfed fields, Gapan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, 1972. Treatment no. Cash costs (US$/ha) Increase over the control Expected net returns (US$/ha) Yield (t/ha) Expected net returns per US$ cash cost 1 (control) 2 3 4 5 – 14 28 40 57 – 19 19 14 14 2.1 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 – 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 In 1973, the trial was modified to test three levels of insect and weed control and three levels of nitrogen. Yields were substantially higher than in the other rainfed trials, partly because high levels of P and K were used, and because the plots were located where moisture stress would not be a problem. A few input treatments that resulted in uneconomic yields were eliminated, leaving four treatment combinations for which costs and returns were computed (Table 11). The maximum profit occurred with treatment 2, with a yield increase of 1.3 t/ha over the control. The maximum yield treatment (4) was less profitable than the low-input one because the latter cost much less — only $l0/ha compared with $49/ha. The rate of return on the low-input treatment was also considerably higher. Beginning in the 1974 wet season, IRRI established a set of experiments in farmers’ fields in Nueva Ecija to determine the yield response to alternative combinations or “packages” of inputs. Between 3 and 11 experiments were conducted each season; instead of summarizing them individually, we present data showing the average results for each season. In the first three seasons, all factors in the experiment were increased from the low to the high treatment. In the last two seasons, first one factor and then others were increased. To illustrate we show the cost of each input included in the treatments. Table 11. Economics of a management-package trial in rainfed fields, Gapan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, 1973. Treatment no. Cash costs (US$/ha) Increase over the control Expected net returns (US$/ha) Yield (t/ha) Expected net returns per US$ cash cost 1 (control) 2 3 4 – 10 45 49 – 84 71 82 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.6 – 8.9 1.6 1.6
Table. 12. Economics of management-package experiments in seven farmers’ fields in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, 1974 wet season. Increase over the farmers’ treatment Sites (no.) with Treatment no. Cash cost (US$/ha) Net benefits Fertil- Weed Insect (US$/ha) izer control control Yield (t/ha) US$ return per US$ cost Increased net benefits 1 (farmers') – – – – 1.7 – – – 2 13 12 30 11 0.2 3 4 3 41 9 76 -18 0.4 0.7 3 4 4 73 15 137 -32 0.7 0.7 2 5 5 98 27 227 -165 0.5 0.2 0 7 Decreased net benefits Table 13. Economics of management-package experiments in three farmers’ fields in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, 1975 dry season. Increase over the farmers’ treatment Sites (no.) with Treatment no. Fertilizer Cash cost (US$/ha) Weed control Insect control Net benefits (US$/ha) Yield (t/ha) US$ return per US$ cost Increased net benefits Decreased net benefits 1 (farmers’) 2 3 4 5 – 25 53 80 107 – 12 9 15 27 – 30 79 110 205 – -66 -71 38 49 4.5 -0.9 0.3 1.0 2.2 – negative negative 1.4 1.2 – 0 1 2 2 – 3 2 3 3
Page 2 and 3: ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE NEW RI
Page 4 and 5: iii Contents Foreword Preface OUTPU
Page 6: v Comments on “New rice technolog
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Page 12: OUTPUT AND SUPPLY
Page 15 and 16: 4 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF NEW RICE
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COSTS AND RETURNS FOR RICE PRODUCTI
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COMMENTS ON COSTS AND RETURNS FOR R
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Shares of farm earnings from rice p
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SHARES OF FARM EARNINGS FROM RICE P
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SHARES OF FARMING FROM RICE PRODUCT
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COMMENTS ON SHARES OF FARM EARNINGS
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Labor utilization in rice productio
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LABOR UTILIZATION IN RICE PRODUCTIO
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COMMENTS ON LABOR UTILIZATION IN RI
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146 ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF NEW RI
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Modern rice varieties and fertilize
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MODERN RICE VARIETIES AND FERTILIZE
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MODERN RICE VARIETIES FERTILIZER CO
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MODERN RICE VARIETIES AND FERTLIZER
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Table 4. Mean stress days at probab
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Social returns to rice research R.E
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Table 5. Estimates of annual yield
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Market price effects of new rice te
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MARKET PRICE EFFECTS OF NEW RICE TE
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COMMENTS ON MARKET PRICE EFFECTS OF
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New rice technology and national ir
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NEW RICE TECHNOLOGY AND NATIONAL IR
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NEW RICE TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY ALTE
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